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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frauenmarsch_(S%C3%BCdafrika)" title="Frauenmarsch (Südafrika) - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frauenmarsch (Südafrika)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_March_(South_Africa)" title="Women's March (South Africa) - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Women's March (South Africa)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcha_de_las_mujeres_(Sud%C3%A1frica)" title="Marcha de las mujeres (Sudáfrica) - spagnolo" lang="es" 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>Marcia delle Donne</b> fu una marcia che si svolse il 9 agosto del 1956 a <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capitale_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Capitale (città)">capitale</a> amministrativa del <a href="/wiki/Sudafrica" title="Sudafrica">Sudafrica</a>. L'obiettivo delle marciatrici era quello di protestare contro l'introduzione, nel 1952, delle <a href="/wiki/Apartheid#Istituzione_dell'apartheid" title="Apartheid">leggi</a> sull'<a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> per le donne nere e di presentare una petizione all'allora Primo Ministro sudafricano <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gerhardus_Strijdom" title="Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom">J. G. Strijdom</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contesto">Contesto</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_delle_donne&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Contesto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_delle_donne&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Contesto"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ad organizzare la marcia fu la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federazione_delle_Donne_Sudafricane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federazione delle Donne Sudafricane (la pagina non esiste)">Federazione delle Donne Sudafricane</a>, un'organizzazione anti-apartheid con l'obiettivo di rafforzare la voce femminile all'interno del movimento.<sup id="cite_ref-Unterhalter_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unterhalter-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contribuirono al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congresso_del_Popolo_(1955)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congresso del Popolo (1955) (la pagina non esiste)">Congresso del Popolo del 1955</a> in cui fu stilata la <a href="/wiki/Carta_della_Libert%C3%A0" title="Carta della Libertà">Carta della Libertà</a>, presentando un documento chiamato <i>Cosa richiedono le donne</i> che si riferiva a necessità quali sussidi per l'assistenza all'infanzia e per le spese abitative, <a href="/wiki/Educazione" title="Educazione">educazione</a>, parità di <a href="/wiki/Retribuzione" title="Retribuzione">retribuzione</a>, parità nei <a href="/wiki/Diritti_di_propriet%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Diritti di proprietà">diritti di proprietà</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matrimonio" title="Matrimonio">matrimonio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Affidamento_dei_figli" title="Affidamento dei figli">custodia dei figli</a>. Nel 1956, quando si svolse la marcia, la loro attenzione si era spostata sull'introduzione di <a href="/wiki/Lasciapassare" title="Lasciapassare">lasciapassare</a> per le donne nere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marcia">Marcia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_delle_donne&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Marcia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_delle_donne&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Marcia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La marcia, svoltasi il 9 agosto 1956, ebbe un'affluenza stimata in 20 000 donne di varie etnie e tribù che confluirono a Pretoria. Con l'obiettivo di aumentare la partecipazione si scelse un giovedì, il giorno tradizionale di riposo per le lavoratrici domestiche africane. Arrivate con vari mezzi di trasporto, le donne camminarono fino agli Union Buildings, il centro del Governo del Sudafrica, in piccoli gruppi di due o tre persone, a causa del divieto da parte delle autorità di costituire gruppi numerosi, e si incontrarono nei giardini e nell'anfiteatro dell'edificio. A guidare la marcia furono <a href="/wiki/Lilian_Ngoyi" title="Lilian Ngoyi">Lilian Ngoyi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Joseph" title="Helen Joseph">Helen Joseph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albertina_Sisulu" title="Albertina Sisulu">Albertina Sisulu</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Williams-De_Bruyn" title="Sophia Williams-De Bruyn">Sophia Williams-De Bruyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alcune donne, una rappresentante per ogni tribù ed etnia, portarono 14 000 firme della petizione per presentarle al Primo Ministro; questi si trovava altrove per evitare di accettare la petizione da un gruppo multiculturale femminile, per cui la petizione fu accettata dal suo Segretario.<sup id="cite_ref-Boddy_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boddy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Le donne stettero in piedi per mezz'ora in silenzio, prima di cantare <i><a href="/wiki/Nkosi_sikelel%27_iAfrika" title="Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika">Nkosi sikelel' iAfrika</a></i> e poi una canzone sulla libertà di una donna chiamata <i>Wathint' abafazi, Strijdom!</i>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r143194400">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:-0.8em 0 0 0;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="xhosa">XH</abbr></span>) <p>«Wathint' abafazi, wathint' imbokodo, uza kufa!» </p> </div> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <p>«[Quando] colpisci le donne, colpisci una roccia, sarai schiacciato [morirai]!» </p> </div></div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(Wathint' abafazi, Strijdom!)</p></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petizione">Petizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_delle_donne&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Petizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_delle_donne&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Petizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La petizione era stata prodotta dalla Federazione delle Donne Sudafricane e stampata dall'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Youth_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Youth Congress (la pagina non esiste)">Indian Youth Congress</a>. La petizione recita: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r143194400"><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-doppia"> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <p>«We, the women of South Africa, have come here today. We African women know too well the effect this law upon our homes, our children. We, who are not African women know how our sisters suffer. For to us, an insult to African women is an insult to all women. <br />* That homes will be broken up when women are arrested under pass laws.<br />* That women and young girls will be exposed to humiliation and degradation at the hands of pass-searching policemen.<br />* That women will lose their right to move freely from one place to another.<br /> We, voters and voteless, call upon your government not to issue passes to African women. We shall not resist until we have won for our children their fundamental rights of freedom, justice and security. </p><p>Presented to Prime Minister J.G. Strijdom, 9 August 1956.» </p> </div> <div>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr></span>) <p>«Noi, donne del Sudafrica, siamo venute qui oggi. Noi donne africane conosciamo molto bene gli effetti di questa legge sulle nostre famiglie, sui nostri figli. Noi, che non siamo donne africane, sappiamo quanto soffrono le nostre sorelle. Perché per noi, un insulto alle donne africane equivale a un insulto a tutte le donne. <br />* Le famiglie si disgregheranno quando le donne saranno arrestate a causa delle leggi di segregazione.<br />* Le donne e le giovani ragazze saranno esposte all'umiliazione e alla degradazione da parte dei poliziotti addetti al controllo dei lasciapassare.<br />* Le donne perderanno il diritto di muoversi liberamente da un posto all'altro.<br /> Noi, votanti e non aventi diritto al voto, ci appelliamo al vostro governo perché non emetta i lasciapassare alle donne africane. Resisteremo finché avremo ottenuto i diritti fondamentali alla libertà, alla giustizia e alla sicurezza per i nostri figli. </p><p>Al Primo Ministro <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gerhardus_Strijdom" title="Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom">Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom</a>, 9 agosto 1956.» </p> </div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partecipanti_notevoli">Partecipanti notevoli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_delle_donne&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Partecipanti notevoli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_delle_donne&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Partecipanti notevoli"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Frances Baard</li> <li>Bertha Gxowa<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Joseph" title="Helen Joseph">Helen Joseph</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Fatima Meer</li> <li>Florence Mkhize (as an organizer)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rahima Moosa<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rita Ndzanga<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Ngoyi" title="Lilian Ngoyi">Lilian Ngoyi</a><sup id="cite_ref-NYT01_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT01-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertina_Sisulu" title="Albertina Sisulu">Albertina Sisulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Williams-De_Bruyn" title="Sophia Williams-De Bruyn">Sophia Williams-De Bruyn</a></li> <li>Annie Peters</li> <li>Nosipho Dastile<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_delle_donne&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_delle_donne&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Unterhalter-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Unterhalter_1-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> vol. 5, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F01436598308419740">10.1080/01436598308419740</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1080/01436598308419740">https://oadoi.org/10.1080/01436598308419740</a>.</cite> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametro <code style="color:red;">titolo</code> vuoto o mancante (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#citation_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/honour-the-strike-a-woman-legacy-1900446">http://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/honour-the-strike-a-woman-legacy-1900446</a>.</cite> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametro <code style="color:red;">titolo</code> vuoto o mancante (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#citation_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boddy-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Boddy_3-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161004131756/http://africanhistory.about.com/od/apartheid/a/WomensAntiPass.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">Copia archiviata</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">africanhistory.about.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 5 luglio 2018</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://africanhistory.about.com/od/apartheid/a/WomensAntiPass.htm">url originale</abbr> il 4 ottobre 2016)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Supplement, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-25-60-iconic-women-the-people-behind-the-1956-womens-march-to-pretoria"><span style="font-style:italic;">60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">The M&G Online</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 maggio 2018</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-25-60-iconic-women-the-people-behind-the-1956-womens-march-to-pretoria-21-30"><span style="font-style:italic;">60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria (21-30) | Special Reports | M&G</span></a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mg.co.za/article/2016-08-25-60-iconic-women-the-people-behind-the-1956-womens-march-to-pretoria-11-20/"><span style="font-style:italic;">60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria (11–20)</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Mail & Guardian</span>, 25 agosto 2016. <small>URL consultato l'8 settembre 2016</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/rahima-moosa"><span style="font-style:italic;">Rahima Moosa | South African History Online</span></a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601125554/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/continue-to-fight-for-justice-1956-womens-march-leader"><span style="font-style:italic;">Women's March leader visits graves of fellow activists</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">enca.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 12 maggio 2018</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="https://www.enca.com/south-africa/continue-to-fight-for-justice-1956-womens-march-leader">url originale</abbr> il 1º giugno 2020)</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT01-9"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT01_9-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1980/03/14/archives/lillian-ngoyi-68-dies-in-soweto-leader-of-south-africas-blacks.html">https://www.nytimes.com/1980/03/14/archives/lillian-ngoyi-68-dies-in-soweto-leader-of-south-africas-blacks.html</a>.</cite> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametro <code style="color:red;">titolo</code> vuoto o mancante (<a href="/wiki/Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto#citation_missing_title" title="Modulo:Citazione/Aiuto">aiuto</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldlive.co.za/news/2014-01-25-tribute-to-women-warriors/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tribute to women warriors</span></a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and 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