Life Archives - International Churchill Society

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <script> var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",o):document.addEventListener("gform_main_scripts_loaded",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("action",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook("filter",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook("action",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook("filter",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook("action",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook("filter",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+"_"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){"function"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),"action"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),"filter"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}}); </script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com"> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Lora:ital,wght@0,400;0,700;1,400&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript"> window.flatStyles = window.flatStyles || '' window.lightspeedOptimizeStylesheet = function () { const currentStylesheet = document.querySelector( '.tcb-lightspeed-style:not([data-ls-optimized])' ) if ( currentStylesheet ) { try { if ( currentStylesheet.sheet && currentStylesheet.sheet.cssRules ) { if ( window.flatStyles ) { if ( this.optimizing ) { setTimeout( window.lightspeedOptimizeStylesheet.bind( this ), 24 ) } else { this.optimizing = true; let rulesIndex = 0; while ( rulesIndex < currentStylesheet.sheet.cssRules.length ) { const rule = currentStylesheet.sheet.cssRules[ rulesIndex ] /* remove rules that already exist in the page */ if ( rule.type === CSSRule.STYLE_RULE && window.flatStyles.includes( `${rule.selectorText}{` ) ) { currentStylesheet.sheet.deleteRule( rulesIndex ) } else { rulesIndex ++ } } /* optimize, mark it such, move to the next file, append the styles we have until now */ currentStylesheet.setAttribute( 'data-ls-optimized', '1' ) window.flatStyles += currentStylesheet.innerHTML this.optimizing = false } } else { window.flatStyles = currentStylesheet.innerHTML currentStylesheet.setAttribute( 'data-ls-optimized', '1' ) } } } catch ( error ) { console.warn( error ) } if ( currentStylesheet.parentElement.tagName !== 'HEAD' ) { /* always make sure that those styles end up in the head */ const stylesheetID = currentStylesheet.id; /** * make sure that there is only one copy of the css * e.g display CSS */ if ( ( ! stylesheetID || ( stylesheetID && ! document.querySelector( `head #${stylesheetID}` ) ) ) ) { document.head.prepend( currentStylesheet ) } else { currentStylesheet.remove(); } } } } window.lightspeedOptimizeFlat = function ( styleSheetElement ) { if ( document.querySelectorAll( 'link[href*="thrive_flat.css"]' ).length > 1 ) { /* disable this flat if we already have one */ styleSheetElement.setAttribute( 'disabled', true ) } else { /* if this is the first one, make sure he's in head */ if ( styleSheetElement.parentElement.tagName !== 'HEAD' ) { document.head.append( styleSheetElement ) } } } </script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <script id='google_gtagjs-js-consent-mode-data-layer'> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('consent', 'default', {"ad_personalization":"denied","ad_storage":"denied","ad_user_data":"denied","analytics_storage":"denied","functionality_storage":"denied","security_storage":"denied","personalization_storage":"denied","region":["AT","BE","BG","CH","CY","CZ","DE","DK","EE","ES","FI","FR","GB","GR","HR","HU","IE","IS","IT","LI","LT","LU","LV","MT","NL","NO","PL","PT","RO","SE","SI","SK"],"wait_for_update":500}); window._googlesitekitConsentCategoryMap = {"statistics":["analytics_storage"],"marketing":["ad_storage","ad_user_data","ad_personalization"],"functional":["functionality_storage","security_storage"],"preferences":["personalization_storage"]}; window._googlesitekitConsents = {"ad_personalization":"denied","ad_storage":"denied","ad_user_data":"denied","analytics_storage":"denied","functionality_storage":"denied","security_storage":"denied","personalization_storage":"denied","region":["AT","BE","BG","CH","CY","CZ","DE","DK","EE","ES","FI","FR","GB","GR","HR","HU","IE","IS","IT","LI","LT","LU","LV","MT","NL","NO","PL","PT","RO","SE","SI","SK"],"wait_for_update":500}</script>   <title>Life Archives - International Churchill Society</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Life Archives" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="International Churchill Society" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/","url":"https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/","name":"Life Archives - International Churchill Society","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/that-hamilton-woman-vivien-leigh-everett-1.jpg","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/#primaryimage","url":"https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/that-hamilton-woman-vivien-leigh-everett-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/that-hamilton-woman-vivien-leigh-everett-1.jpg","width":900,"height":702,"caption":"Winston Churchill’s Favourite Film"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://winstonchurchill.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Life of Churchill","item":"https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Life"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/#website","url":"https://winstonchurchill.org/","name":"International Churchill Society","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://winstonchurchill.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/#organization","name":"International Churchill Society","url":"https://winstonchurchill.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1.jpg","width":1024,"height":511,"caption":"International Churchill Society"},"image":{"@id":"https://winstonchurchill.org/#/schema/logo/image/"}}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//code.jquery.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//unpkg.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="International Churchill Society » Feed" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="International Churchill Society » iCal Feed" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/churchill-2024-events/?ical=1" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="International Churchill Society » Life Category Feed" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.1.1720091242"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sbi_styles-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/css/sbi-styles.min.css?ver=6.3.1.1720091242' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1.1720091242' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='blocks_wp-style-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/themes/churchill/style.css?ver=1.0.0.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='slick-css-css' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/slick-carousel@1.8.1/slick/slick.min.css?ver=1.0.0.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='slick-theme-css-css' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/slick-carousel@1.8.1/slick/slick-theme.min.css?ver=1.0.0.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-css-css' href='//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=1.0.0.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-select-css' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-select@1.14.0-beta2/dist/css/bootstrap-select.min.css?ver=1.0.0.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='select2-css' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/select2@4.1.0-rc.0/dist/css/select2.min.css?ver=1.0.0.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='blocks_wp-css-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/themes/churchill/styles/css/main.min.css?ver=1.0.0.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='popup-maker-site-css' href='//winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/pum/pum-site-styles.css?generated=1704574348&ver=1.18.2.1720091242' media='all' /> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.2.4.min.js?ver=2.0.s.1720091242" id="jquery-js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/headroom/0.9.4/headroom.min.js?ver=1.1720091242" id="headroom-js-js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/headroom/0.9.4/jQuery.headroom.min.js?ver=1.1720091242" id="jquery-headroom-js-js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6Lcc7TgkAAAAAN7opLKDb22AtcS9jecVZLyou851&ver=10.1.1720091242" id="tve-dash-recaptcha-js"></script>   <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=GT-KDZ59Q4&ver=1720091242" id="google_gtagjs-js" async></script> <script id="google_gtagjs-js-after"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["winstonchurchill.org"]}); gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); gtag("config", "GT-KDZ59Q4"); </script>  <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/25" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.140.0" /> <style type="text/css" id="tve_global_variables">:root{--tcb-color-0:rgb(12, 129, 148);--tcb-color-0-h:188;--tcb-color-0-s:85%;--tcb-color-0-l:31%;--tcb-color-0-a:1;--tcb-color-1:rgb(50, 50, 50);--tcb-color-1-h:0;--tcb-color-1-s:0%;--tcb-color-1-l:19%;--tcb-color-1-a:1;--tcb-color-2:rgb(226, 32, 82);--tcb-color-2-h:344;--tcb-color-2-s:76%;--tcb-color-2-l:50%;--tcb-color-2-a:1;--tcb-color-3:rgb(226, 32, 82);--tcb-color-3-h:344;--tcb-color-3-s:76%;--tcb-color-3-l:50%;--tcb-color-3-a:1;--tcb-color-4:rgb(229, 214, 189);--tcb-color-4-h:37;--tcb-color-4-s:43%;--tcb-color-4-l:81%;--tcb-color-4-a:1;--tcb-color-5:rgb(255, 255, 255);--tcb-color-5-h:0;--tcb-color-5-s:0%;--tcb-color-5-l:100%;--tcb-color-5-a:1;--tcb-color-6:rgb(255, 255, 255);--tcb-color-6-h:0;--tcb-color-6-s:0%;--tcb-color-6-l:100%;--tcb-color-6-a:1;--tcb-color-7:rgb(255, 255, 255);--tcb-color-7-h:0;--tcb-color-7-s:0%;--tcb-color-7-l:100%;--tcb-color-7-a:1;--tcb-color-8:rgb(255, 255, 255);--tcb-color-8-h:0;--tcb-color-8-s:0%;--tcb-color-8-l:100%;--tcb-color-8-a:1;--tcb-color-9:rgb(0, 0, 0);--tcb-color-9-h:0;--tcb-color-9-s:0%;--tcb-color-9-l:0%;--tcb-color-9-a:1;--tcb-color-10:rgb(187, 150, 62);--tcb-color-10-h:42;--tcb-color-10-s:50%;--tcb-color-10-l:48%;--tcb-color-10-a:1;--tcb-color-11:rgba(65, 10, 72, 0.85);--tcb-color-11-h:293;--tcb-color-11-s:75%;--tcb-color-11-l:16%;--tcb-color-11-a:0.85;--tcb-background-author-image:url(https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/945b63e8d2f4801edeef188388b3448a?s=256&d=mm&r=g);--tcb-background-user-image:url();--tcb-background-featured-image-thumbnail:url(https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/that-hamilton-woman-vivien-leigh-everett-1.jpg);}</style><meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://winstonchurchill.org"><link rel="alternate" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /><style type="text/css" id="thrive-default-styles"></style><link rel="icon" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-favicon-churchill-new-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-favicon-churchill-new-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-favicon-churchill-new-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-favicon-churchill-new-270x270.png" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> .u-column1.col-1.woocommerce-Address { flex: 0 0 100%; max-width: 100%; } .wcopc .button, .wcopc .button, .wcopc button[type="submit"], .wcopc button[type="submit"], .wcopc input[type="submit"], .wcopc input[type="submit"], .woocommerce .button, .woocommerce .button, .woocommerce button[type="submit"], .woocommerce button[type="submit"], .woocommerce input[type="submit"], .woocommerce input[type="submit"] { color: #ffffff !important; border-color: #e22052 !important; background-color: #e22052 !important; padding: 1em 2em !important; border: 1px solid !important; } </style>  <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2315590,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> adroll_adv_id = "K4VGZEQB4BBU3DCTKAKDAV"; adroll_pix_id = "LELKTTCPDFEB3CRICTD6CJ"; adroll_version = "2.0"; (function(w, d, e, o, a) { w.__adroll_loaded = true; w.adroll = w.adroll || []; w.adroll.f = [ 'setProperties', 'identify', 'track' ]; var roundtripUrl = "https://s.adroll.com/j/" + adroll_adv_id + "/roundtrip.js"; for (a = 0; a < w.adroll.f.length; a++) { w.adroll[w.adroll.f[a]] = w.adroll[w.adroll.f[a]] || (function(n) { return function() { w.adroll.push([ n, arguments ]) } })(w.adroll.f[a]) } e = d.createElement('script'); o = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; e.async = 1; e.src = roundtripUrl; o.parentNode.insertBefore(e, o); })(window, document); adroll.track("pageView"); </script>  <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-8698943-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script>  </head> <body class="archive category category-life category-25 wp-custom-logo tribe-no-js hfeed no-sidebar post-a-love-of-films"> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#primary">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="site-branding"> <a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="1024" height="511" src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1.jpg" class="custom-logo" alt="International Churchill Society" decoding="async" srcset="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1.jpg 1024w, https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1-768x383.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a> </div> <nav id="main-navigation" class="main-navigation"> <div class="top-menu"> <div class="header-search"> <a href="#" class="btn-search-form"><i class="far fa-search"></i><i class="fal fa-times"></i></a> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://winstonchurchill.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div> <div class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="586" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-20083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20083"><a href="/visit">Visit</a></li> <li id="menu-item-57826" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57826"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/about-the-society/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20085" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20085"><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20086" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20086"><a href="/members">Members</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <button id="menu-expand-collapse" class="hamburger hamburger--collapse" type="button"> <span class="hamburger-box"> <span class="hamburger-inner"></span> </span> </button> <div id="main-navigation-list"> <div class="menu-menu-header-container"><ul id="menu-menu-header" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-20062" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-20062"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/"><i class="far fa-home"></i></a></li> <li id="menu-item-20097" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-20097"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/learn/">Learn</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21685" class="d-lg-none menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21685"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/learn/">View All</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21553" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21553"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/who-was-churchill/">Who was Churchill?</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20290" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20290"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/">Find Speeches</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20289" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20289"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/quotes/">Churchill Quotes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20292" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor menu-item-20292"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/">The Life of Churchill</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20296" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20296"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/myths/">Myths: Fact vs Fiction</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20294" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20294"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/genealogy/">Genealogy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20299" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20299"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/for-educators/">Educators</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21492" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21492"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/reference/">Reference</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-21369" class="column-2 menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-21369"><a href="/the-life-of-churchill/life/" aria-current="page">Life</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21686" class="d-lg-none menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-21686"><a href="/the-life-of-churchill/life/" aria-current="page">View All</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21321" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-has-children menu-item-21321"><a href="/the-life-of-churchill/life/" aria-current="page">Timelines</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21319" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21319"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/child/">Child</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21318" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21318"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/young-soldier/">Young Soldier</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21320" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21320"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/rising-politician/">Rising Politician</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21495" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21495"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/wilderness-years/">Wilderness Years</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21496" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21496"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/war-leader/">War Leader</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21497" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21497"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/senior-statesman/">Senior Statesman</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21314" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21314"><a href="/the-life-of-churchill/in-memoriam">In Memoriam</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-21494" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-21494"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/who-was-churchill/">Who was Churchill?</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21500"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/man-of-words/">Man of Words</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21498" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21498"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/man-of-action/">Man of Action</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21499" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21499"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/man-of-leisure/">Man of Leisure</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21502" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21502"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/artist/">Artist</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21501" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-21501"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/life/family-man/">Family Man</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-58979" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-58979"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/events/calendar-of-events/">Events</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21687" class="d-lg-none menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21687"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/churchill-2024-events/">View All</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20400" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20400"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/events/calendar-of-events/">Calendar of Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-58992" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-58992"><a href="https://conference.winstonchurchill.org/">2024 Conference</a></li> <li id="menu-item-58991" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-58991"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/events/rusi/">ICS & RUSI</a></li> <li id="menu-item-58443" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-58443"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/churchill-2024-events/">Churchill 2024</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20323" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20323"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/events/upcoming-events/">Upcoming Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20324" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20324"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/events/past-events/">Past Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20325" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20325"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/events/past-conferences/">Past Conferences</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-20075" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-20075"><a href="/news">News</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21688" class="d-lg-none menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21688"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/news/">View All</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20316" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20316"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/news/">What’s New</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20317" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20317"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/in-the-media/">In the Media</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20319" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20319"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/news/churchill-society-news/">Churchill Society News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20320" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20320"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/in-the-media/churchill-in-the-news/">Executive Director’s Update</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-20393" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-20393"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/publications-index/">Publications</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21691" class="d-lg-none menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21691"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/publications-index/">View All</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20359" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20359"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/">Finest Hour Magazine</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20398" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20398"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/publications/churchill-bulletin/">Churchill Bulletin</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-21503" class="column-2-center menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-21503"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/get-involved/">Get Involved</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-21690" class="d-lg-none menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21690"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/get-involved/">View All</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21504" class="m-donate-cl menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21504"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21342" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21342"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/subscribe/">Subscribe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21505" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21505"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/members/">Become a Member</a></li> <li id="menu-item-58924" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-58924"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/members/">Members</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21465" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-21465"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/about/donors/">Sponsorship</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21507" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21507"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21508" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21508"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/advertise-with-us/">Advertise with Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20377" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20377"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/young-churchillians/">Young Churchillians</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20336" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-20336"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/join/give-a-gift-membership/">Gift Membership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20338" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20338"><a href="#">Competitions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20378" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20378"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/visit/">Visit</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45539" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-45539"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/about/renew/">Renew Your Membership</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-21692" class="d-sm-none menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21692"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/visit/">Visit</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21693" class="d-sm-none menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21693"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/about-the-society/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21694" class="d-sm-none menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21694"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21695" class="d-sm-none menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21695"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/members/">Members</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20682" class="btn-header menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20682"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/join/join-the-society/">Join</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="primary" class="site-main"> <div class="breadcrumb-custom breadcrumb-events"> <div class="container"> <div class="breadcrumb-custom"><ul itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1" /></li><span class="breadcrumbs__separator"></span><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/" itemprop="item"><span itemprop="name">The Life of Churchill</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2" /></li><span class="breadcrumbs__separator"></span><li><span class="breadcrumbs__current">Life</span></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <section class="banner-learn "> <div class="container"> <div class="row no-gutters"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5"> <div class="text-content title-nowrap"> <h1>Timeline</h1> <div class="image d-md-none"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Churchill-Senior-Stateman.jpeg" alt="Winston Churchill Senior Statesman" /> </div> <div class="img-caption d-md-none"> <p>Winston Churchill at his seat in the Cabinet Room at No 10 Downing Street, London. © IWM (MH 26392)</p> </div> <h3>CHURCHILL THROUGH TIME</h3> <a href="#anchor-learn" class="icon-arrow link-anchor"><i class="far fa-arrow-down"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-7"> <div class="image d-none d-md-block"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Churchill-Senior-Stateman.jpeg" alt="Winston Churchill Senior Statesman" /> </div> <div class="img-caption d-none d-md-block"> <p>Winston Churchill at his seat in the Cabinet Room at No 10 Downing Street, London. © IWM (MH 26392)</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div id="anchor-learn"></div> <section class="timeline"> <div id="list-timeline" class="nav nav-timeline" data-spy="affix"> <div class="container"> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_1">Child</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_2">Young Soldier</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_3">Rising Politician</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_4">Wilderness Years</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_5">War Leader</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_6">Senior Statesman</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_7">In Memoriam</a> </div> <div class="d-md-none menu-mobile"> <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="menu-mobile-trigger"><i class="far fa-list"></i></a> <div class="menu-mobile-content"> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_1">Child</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_2">Young Soldier</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_3">Rising Politician</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_4">Wilderness Years</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_5">War Leader</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_6">Senior Statesman</a> <a class="list-group-item nav-link" href="#section_7">In Memoriam</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text title-border-left"> <h4>1874 - 1965</h4> <h2>HISTORICAL TIMELINE</h2> <h3>Walk with us, through the life of a legend</h3> </div> </div> <div class="arrow"> <i class="arrow-sticky fal fa-long-arrow-down"></i> </div> <article id="section_1"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left"> <div class="sticky-left"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text"> <h2>Life of Churchill</h2> <h3>ChildHOOD</h3> </div> <p>Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire on St Andrew’s Day, 30 November 1874. On his father’s side, he was a child of the aristocracy; his father was the Conservative politician, Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill. His mother was the American-born beauty, Jennie Jerome, daughter of a New York stockbroker, financier and newspaper proprietor Leonard Jerome. </p> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-red" href="/category/the-life-of-churchill/child/" target=""> Read about his Childhood </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content"> <div class="right-content-header"> <h5 class="title-left-line">Childhood, Overview</h5> <h3>1874 - 1892</h3> <a href="#right-content-1" class="link-anchor"><i class="far fa-arrow-down"></i></a> </div> <div id="right-content-1" class="right-content-body"> <div class="timeline-row">  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Randolph-and-Jennie.jpg" alt="Randolph and Jennie Churchill" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Lord Randolph Churchill married Jennie Jerome on April 15, 1874 at the British Embassy in Paris © Churchill Archives Centre</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Lord Randolph and Jennie Jerome Marry</h3> <p> <a href="/the-life-of-churchill/child/lord-and-lady-randolph-churchill/" target=""> Lord Randolph Churchill and Miss Jennie Jerome met during the racing season in 1873 on the Isle of Wight–one of the significant social events of the British summer season. Lord Randolph fell in love with her at first sight, and in a few months, they were man and wife.’ They had a relatively short courtship and decided to marry when she accepted his proposal not long after having met. They married on the 15th of April 1874. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Winston Churchill was born on 30 November 1874</h3> <p> <a href="/the-life-of-churchill/child/" target=""> Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire on St Andrew’s Day, 30 November 1874. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Mrs Everest Hired</h3> <p> <a href="/the-life-of-churchill/child/mrs-everest/" target=""> Churchill's beloved nanny Mrs Everest was hired to attend young Winston when he was just a few months old. In 1880, when Winston was five, his younger brother Jack was born. They saw little of their parents during their childhood, and both were devoted to their nanny. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3></h3> <p></p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Young-Winston-Churchill-002.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Young Winston Churchill © Churchill Archives, Broadwater Collection</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Young Winston is enrolled in St George's School</h3> <p> <a href="/the-life-of-churchill/child/school-years/" target=""> A few weeks before his eighth birthday, in 1882, Churchill was sent away to boarding school like many other children of his class and background. The school was St George’s, near Ascot, Berkshire. He was unhappy from the start, initially probably no unhappier than many children sent away to school at the time, although ‘floggings’ (beatings) were common. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Churchill began at Harrow School in April 1888</h3> <p> <a href="/the-life-of-churchill/child/harrow/" target=""> On 17 April 1888, Churchill went to Harrow School, an independent boarding school for boys founded in 1572 under a Royal Charter granted by Elizabeth I, in London. He joined Head Master’s Boarding House, said to date from 1650. Here, he wasn’t particularly happy and he didn’t particularly excel. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Winston-Churchill-1892.jpeg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Winston Churchill at Harrow School, 1892</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Churchill proclaims he will '... save the Empire'</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/child/churchill-proclaims-he-will-save-the-empire/" target=""> At the age of seventeen, while attending Harrow School, he told his friend Murland Evans that he had dreams about the future: ‘I tell you I shall be in command of the defences of London… In the high position I shall occupy, it will fall to me to save the Capital and save the Empire’. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="section_2"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left"> <div class="sticky-left"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text"> <h2>Young</h2> <h3>Young Soldier</h3> </div> <p>The death of Lord Randolph Churchill on 24 January 1895, aged just forty-five, clearly had a profound effect. Churchill became a cavalry officer in the 4th Queen’s Own Hussars only a month later. In the five years between 1895 and 1900, he sought to get himself transferred to as many dangerous places as possible and then writing up his experiences as newspaper articles and books.</p> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-red" href="/life-of-churchill/young-soldier/" target=""> Read More </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content"> <div class="right-content-header"> <h5 class="title-left-line">Young Soldier</h5> <h3>1893 - 1900</h3> <a href="#right-content-2" class="link-anchor"><i class="far fa-arrow-down"></i></a> </div> <div id="right-content-2" class="right-content-body"> <div class="timeline-row">  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/young_winston_churchill-021.jpeg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Young Winston Churchill in the uniform of the Queen's Own 4th Hussars</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>WSC passes out of Sandhurst in December 1894</h3> <p> <a href="/the-life-of-churchill/young-soldier/lt-churchill-4th-queens-own-hussars/" target=""> The death of Lord Randolph Churchill on 24 January 1895, aged just forty-five, and before Churchill had been able to prove himself to his father, clearly had a profound effect. Churchill became a cavalry officer in the 4th Queen’s Own Hussars only a month later but almost from the beginning his mind was set on following his father into politics. To do this he needed fame and fortune. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>First visit to US, introduced to Bourke Cockran and observes fighting in Cuba</h3> <p> <a href="/the-life-of-churchill/young-soldier/cuba/" target=""> In November 1895, Churchill was able to get himself posted to Cuba as an observer. Churchill had a period of leave and managed to obtain his first assignment as a war correspondent for the newspaper. It was also in Cuba that he first refined his well-known taste for fine Cuban cigars. He was attached to the Spanish forces as an observer but his writings reveal considerable sympathies for the Cuban rebels. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Winston-Churchill-young-soldier.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Second-Lieutenant Winston Churchill in the 4th Queen's Own Hussars in India, 1896</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Publishes 1st book, The Story of the Malakand Field Force</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/young-soldier/publishes-1st-book-the-story-of-the-malakand-field-force/" target=""> Winston Churchill published his first of many books on 14 March 1898, 'The Story of the Malakand Field Force: An Episode of Frontier War. The book describes his time on the North West Frontier as part of a military campaign by the British army in what is now western Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Escaped a Boer POW Camp in South Africa</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/young-soldier/escaped-a-boer-pow-camp-in-south-africa/" target=""> Churchill, at age 25, was able to use his fame as a writer to get himself posted to South Africa as a war correspondent. In November, he went on patrol with the British Army aboard a train, and they were ambushed. The Boer's took him prisoner, and on the night of 12/13 December, he jumped the fence as the guards had turned their backs. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/young-winston-churchill-02.jpg" alt="Winston S Churchill as a young politician" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Winston Churchill as a young politician © National Portrait Gallery, London</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Elected Conservative Member for Oldham</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/young-soldier/wins-1st-election-as-member-for-oldham/" target=""> Churchill's was first elected to the constituency of Oldham on Monday, 1 October 1900 (for which he sat in 1900-06). The electorate favoured the Conservative policy of Protectionism, which advocated duties on cheap foreign textiles. In a parliamentary career spanning sixty-four years, Churchill represented five constituencies and served under thirteen Prime Ministers. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Begins first lecture tour of North America</h3> <p> <a href="/the-life-of-churchill/young-soldier/1896-1900/autumn-1900-age-26/" target=""> Churchill went on his first lecture tour of North America, from 8 December 1900 through 2 February 1901. On 10 December, he met then US President Theodore 'Teddy' Roosevelt. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="section_3"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left"> <div class="sticky-left"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text"> <h2>Rising </h2> <h3>Rising Politician</h3> </div> <p>Churchill won his first election to Parliament as a Conservative (Tory) for the town of Oldham in 1900. He quickly made a name for himself as a rising politician, though he was controversial, and in 1904 he left his father's party and joined the Liberals. Early in his career, he held a succession of senior Government roles, and in 1924, he returned to the Conservative Party as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was talented, but many mistrusted him.</p> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-red" href="/the-life-of-churchill/rising-politician/" target=""> Discover more </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content"> <div class="right-content-header"> <h5 class="title-left-line">Rising Politician</h5> <h3>1901 - 1932</h3> <a href="#right-content-3" class="link-anchor"><i class="far fa-arrow-down"></i></a> </div> <div id="right-content-3" class="right-content-body"> <div class="timeline-row">  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Gives his Maiden Speech in the House</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/churchill-gives-his-maiden-speech-in-the-house/" target=""> On Sunday, 10 February 1901, Winston Churchill returned from a lecture tour of Britain, the United States and Canada. His heroic escape from the Boer POW camp in South Africa in 1899 had propelled him to worldwide fame. Upon his return to London, he gave his maiden speech in the House of Commons. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Young-Winston-Churchill-023.jpg" alt="Young Winston Churchill" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Winston Churchill as a young politician, 30 May 1899 © National Portrait Gallery, London</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Named Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/named-under-secretary-of-state-for-the-colonies" target=""> In December 1905, Henry Campbell-Bannerman took office as Prime Minister when the Liberals were invited to form a government. Churchill became Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. Lord Elgin held the post of Colonial Secretary with responsibility for directing all colonial affairs worldwide. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Winston and Clementine Marry</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/winston-and-clementine-marry/" target=""> Churchill could be very charming, but he also was known to be quite difficult at times. He had such a presence and reputation that there were very few men who would stand up to him. There was, however, one very strong willed woman who always would – his wife. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Appointed First Lord of the Admiralty</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/churchill-appointed-first-lord-of-the-admiralty/" target=""> The ministerial post of First Lord of the Admiralty is the civilian head of the British Royal Navy. Churchill was appointed to the coveted post on Wednesday, 25 October 1911, and, like most things he did, he took it up with great gusto. Churchill adored Navy life aboard the Admiralty yacht Enchantress. After taking up office, he set out to visit every capital ship and every Royal Navy base in the British Isles. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/HGF9BP.jpg" alt="Winston Churchill, 1st Lord of the Admiralty" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>1912 Winston Churchill, 1st Lord of the Admiralty on board the 'Enchantress', cruising in the Mediterranean, Contributor: Fremantle / Alamy.com HGF9BP</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Franco-British naval attack on Dardanelles fails</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/franco-british-naval-attack-on-dardanelles-fails-2/" target=""> Winston had a great many setbacks in his lifetime. The failure of the attack on the Dardanelles during the Gallipoli Campaign, however, was one of the most devastating. Though the Dardanelles Commission later exonerated him of most of the blame for the military failure, he was the most vocal champion of the strategic move to cut off the Turkish support of the Ottoman Empire in the First World War. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Black-Swans-at-Chartwell-2.jpg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Churchill’s painting of the black swans of Chartwell</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Begins Oil Painting at Hoe Farm, Surrey</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/begins-oil-painting-at-hoe-farm-surrey-2/" target=""> In May 1915, after the disastrous Gallipoli campaign, Churchill was forced to resign his office of First Lord of the Admiralty. This event was a devastating blow to him, both personally and politically. During this period, Churchill found himself in a great depression. He decided to take up painting as a hobby to help with his depression. Today, this is what's known as 'art therapy'. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>David Lloyd George becomes Prime Minister</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/david-lloyd-george-becomes-pm/" target=""> Churchill crossed the floor to switch parties (for the first time) from the Tory to the Liberal Party in 1904. He’d decided to ally himself with David Lloyd George, who encouraged him to make the switch. Lloyd George became Prime Minister of a wartime collation in 1916 and was instrumental in helping Churchill rehabilitate his political image after the disaster of the Gallipoli campaign. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/lloyd-george-and-winston-churchill-pictured-together-in-1910-161383897.jpeg" alt="David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill in 1910" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill in 1910</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Appointed Minister of Munitions</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/churchill-appointed-minister-of-munitions/" target=""> Churchill’s old friend, mentor, and sometime rival, David Lloyd George, became Prime Minister in December 1916. Believing that the anti-Churchill sentiment after the Dardanelles disaster could be overcome, Lloyd George controversially brought Churchill back into government as Minister of Munitions. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Winston Churchill Meets Franklin Roosevelt</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/meets-franklin-roosevelt/" target=""> In July 1918, in his capacity as Assistant Secretary of the US Navy, Franklin Roosevelt visited Great Britain. He was greeted in Portsmouth and then driven by car to London, where he was billeted at the Ritz Hotel in Piccadilly. Roosevelt attended a dinner at Gray’s Inn in London, where he first met Winston Churchill. He was thoroughly unimpressed. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Sir-William-Robert-Robertson-1st-Bt-and-Winston-Churchill-and-three-unknown-others.jpg" alt="Winston Churchill and Sir William Robert Robertson" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Winston Churchill and Sir William Robert Robertson in August 1919. © National Portrait Gallery, London</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Successfully Offers to Buy Chartwell</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/successfully-offers-to-buy-chartwell-2/" target=""> In 1922, Churchill purchased what was to become his respite from the world, Chartwell, his beloved country home in the Kent countryside. Just an hour from London, he said of it once that, ‘A day away from Chartwell is a day wasted’. He spent £5,000 to purchase Chartwell and a further £15,000 in refurbishment costs. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Chartwell-HDR8001.jpeg" alt="Winston and Clementine's country home Chartwell" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Winston and Clementine's country home Chartwell in Kent</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/appointed-chancellor-of-the-exchequer/" target=""> Churchill stood for election in 1924 as a ‘Constitutionalist’ rather than Liberal or Unionist and won a seat representing the constituency of Epping. He then accepted appointment in Stanley Baldwin’s Unionist government as Chancellor of the Exchequer. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Officially rejoins Conservative Party</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/rising-politician/officially-rejoins-conservative-party/" target=""> Churchill left the conservatives in 1904 for the Liberal Party after having been a Member of Parliament for four years. In 1925, after more than twenty years with the Liberals, he formally rejoined the Conservative Party, apparently noting later that ‘… anyone can rat, but it takes a certain amount of ingenuity to re-rat’. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="section_4"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left"> <div class="sticky-left"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text"> <h2>Wilderness</h2> <h3>Wilderness Years</h3> </div> <p>By the early 1930s, Churchill no longer had a Government position. He continued to write books and newspaper articles, but many, including him, thought his political career was over. He spoke out about his opposition to Hitler’s new Nazi dictatorship in Germany and made calls for British rearmament. After the Munich Crisis of 1938, there was a growing consensus that he was right. When war finally broke out in September 1939, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain had no choice but to make him First Lord of the Admiralty.</p> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-red" href="/life-of-churchill/wilderness-years/" target=""> Read More </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content"> <div class="right-content-header"> <h5 class="title-left-line">Wilderness Years</h5> <h3>1933 - 1939</h3> <a href="#right-content-4" class="link-anchor"><i class="far fa-arrow-down"></i></a> </div> <div id="right-content-4" class="right-content-body"> <div class="timeline-row">  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Winston-Churchill-0043.jpg" alt="Winston Churchill" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Winston Churchill with his trademark cigar in the 1930s</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Adolf Hitler elected German Chancellor</h3> <p> <a href="/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-156/did-churchill-ever-admire-hitler/" target=""> Adolf Hitler was appointed German Chancellor on Friday, 30 January 1933, by President Paul von Hindenburg. The National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party) has seen a meteoric rise in popularity in several previous elections, principally due to the economic and political failure of the Weimar Republic. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>First speech on the need to rebuild Britain’s air defences</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/wilderness-years/first-speech-on-the-need-to-rebuild-britains-defences/" target=""> In November 1932, Churchill visited Munich and saw for himself the brown-shirted Nazis marching through the streets. Churchill began to speak out in the House and write articles in the press about the potential dangers of a rearmed Germany and the vital need to rebuild Britain’s air defences. ‘The House was enraged in an ugly mood towards Mr Churchill’, declared the Daily Despatch. He was called a warmonger for speaking out. This anti-Churchill sentiment continued through the 1930s. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Churchill joins Committee of Imperial Defence</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/wilderness-years/churchill-joins-committee-of-imperial-defence-2/" target=""> During his ‘wilderness years’ of the 1930s, Churchill had many detractors on both sides of the House. Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin invited Churchill to join the Committee for Imperial Defence. He and Churchill exchanged several letters setting the terms such that Churchill would be free to argue his position on the state of Britain’s air defences. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/C45H3T-001.jpg" alt="Winston Churchill, 1939" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, at a meeting of the Admiralty, 1939. Sueddeutsche Zeitung Photo/Alamy.com</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Appointed First Lord of the Admiralty</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/wilderness-years/appointed-first-lord-of-the-admiralty-2/" target=""> The period of Churchill’s exile, during the ’wilderness years’ ended when it became clear that he was correct about German rearmament and Hitler’s plans for expansion. The Germans invaded Poland in September 1939. On the day that the British declared war, Churchill was brought back into government. This would be the second time of his appointment to the office of First Lord of the Admiralty. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="section_5"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left"> <div class="sticky-left"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text"> <h2>War</h2> <h3>War Leader</h3> </div> <p>Churchill became Prime Minister on 10 May 1940, the very day that Hitler invaded France and the Low Countries. The first weeks of his premiership were marked by military disaster, as France surrendered and the British army was evacuated from Dunkirk. Churchill carefully crafted his famous speeches to raise British morale while sending a message of defiance to Germany. Churchill's policy was 'victory at all costs' through 'blood, toil, tears and sweat'. He came to personify the British spirit with his ever-present cigar and V for Victory salute.</p> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-red" href="/life-of-churchill/war-leader" target=""> Discover his war years </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content"> <div class="right-content-header"> <h5 class="title-left-line">War Leader</h5> <h3>1940 - 1945</h3> <a href="#right-content-5" class="link-anchor"><i class="far fa-arrow-down"></i></a> </div> <div id="right-content-5" class="right-content-body"> <div class="timeline-row">  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Winston-Churchill-7.jpg" alt="Winston Churchill" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Winston Churchill giving a speech during the Second World War</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Churchill becomes Prime Minister and Minister of Defence</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/war-leader/churchill-becomes-prime-minister-and-minister-of-defence/" target=""> Though his reputation was still not yet fully rehabilitated, a confluence of events led King George VI to invite Churchill to form a government in May 1940. On 13 May, Churchill gave the first of many of his great wartime speeches. He told the House of Commons, ‘I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat’. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Convinces Cabinet to fight on, Belgium surrenders</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/war-leader/convinces-cabinet-to-fight-on-belgium-surrenders/" target=""> The situation was dire. British and French forces were pinned down on the coast of France as the evacuation of more than 300,000 troops to Britain was underway. Foreign Minister Lord Halifax and others wanted to negotiate with Herr Hitler, but Churchill was defiant, saying, ‘Nations that went down fighting rose again, but those which surrendered tamely were finished’. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Gives his ‘Finest Hour’ speech</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/war-leader/gives-his-finest-hour-speech/" target=""> Churchill gave many speeches for which he became famous, but his ‘Finest Hour’ speech stands alone. Churchill concluded his speech with his now celebrated final point, ‘Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duty and so bear ourselves that if the British Empire and its Commonwealth lasts for a thousand years men will still say, “This was their finest hour”’. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Winston_Churchill_As_Prime_Minister_1940-1945_A20711.jpeg" alt="" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>The 'Big Three' at the Tehran Conference, 1943. Marshal Josef Stalin, President Franklin D Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill. ©IWM A 20711</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Visits Normandy beachheads</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/war-leader/visits-normandy-beachheads/" target=""> On D-Day+6, Churchill sailed across the Channel to the coast of France aboard the HMS Kelvin and visited the beaches at Normandy, surveying the destruction. General Sir Bernard Montgomery met him, and they later lunched together at Montgomery’s headquarters just three miles from the front. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Makes ‘percentages’ agreement on spheres of influence</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/war-leader/makes-percentages-agreement-on-spheres-of-influence/" target=""> Churchill took many controversial actions during his lifetime, but this was one to top the list. Meeting with Russian ally Joseph Stalin at a conference in Moscow, and purposely excluding Roosevelt’s representative from the discussion, they agreed to carve up Eastern Europe by percentages of influence. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Resigns as Prime Minister</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/war-leader/resigns-as-prime-minister/" target=""> The war in Europe ended with Victory in Europe (VE) Day on 8 May 1945, and the western world erupted in jubilation. The British public was elated but very weary of war. Churchill easily won his seat in Parliament for Woodford, but the Conservatives were thrown out of office. He would resign the office of Prime Minister to make way for Clement Attlee and the Labour Party. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="section_6"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left"> <div class="sticky-left"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text"> <h2>Senior</h2> <h3>Senior Statesman</h3> </div> <p>Churchill’s world seemed to have ended with WWII. The British Empire was lost, Britain was bankrupt, and his Conservative Party was voted out of office. Once again, he refused to accept defeat, re-launching himself on the international stage with a powerful warning about the Soviet ‘Iron Curtain’. He returned as a peacetime Prime Minister in 1951, participating in the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. Poor health finally forced his retirement in 1955 though he remained a Member of Parliament until June 1964.</p> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-red" href="/life-of-churchill/senior-stateman" target=""> Read more about his later years </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content"> <div class="right-content-header"> <h5 class="title-left-line">Senior Statesman</h5> <h3>1946 - 1965</h3> <a href="#right-content-6" class="link-anchor"><i class="far fa-arrow-down"></i></a> </div> <div id="right-content-6" class="right-content-body"> <div class="timeline-row">  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>‘Iron Curtain’ speech at Fulton, Missouri</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/senior-statesman/iron-curtain-speech-at-fulton-missouri-2/" target=""> One of the most important speeches Churchill would give in his career was his ‘Sinews of Peace’, otherwise known as his ‘Iron Curtain’ speech. As in the past, Churchill was prescient at this time in describing the aggressive ambitions of the Soviet Union. Given at Westminster College in Missouri just a year after the end of the Second World War, this speech would set the stage for the next forty five years of the ‘Cold War’. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Publishes The Gathering Storm</h3> <p> <a href="/life-of-churchill/senior-statesman/publishes-the-gathering-storm/" target=""> Though Winston Churchill was an aristocrat and a grandson of the Duke of Marlborough, he was constantly short of funds. This was until he published his war memoirs, beginning with The Gathering Storm, which was the first of his six-volume work, The Second World War. Finally, with the advance from the publishing house Cassell, he and his family would be on sound financial ground. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3></h3> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article id="section_7"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5 col-lg-5 col-left"> <div class="sticky-left"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text"> <h2>Winston Churchill</h2> <h3>In Memoriam</h3> </div> <p>Sir Martin Gilbert, in the final volume of his epic biography Winston S Churchill, said, ‘Men and women wept when they heard the news of Churchill’s death. Nearly ten years had passed since his last months as Prime Minister, a quarter of a century since his “finest hour” in 1940. He had died seventy years to the day after his father, Lord Randolph Churchill, the man whose respect and approval he would have so liked to have won, but who had not lived long enough to see even the earliest phases of his son’s remarkable career.’</p> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-red" href="/the-life-of-churchill/in-memoriam" target=""> Find out more </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-1 col-lg-2 col-mid">  </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 col-right"> <div class="right-content"> <div class="right-content-header"> <h5 class="title-left-line">In Memoriam</h5> <h3>1965</h3> <a href="#right-content-7" class="link-anchor"><i class="far fa-arrow-down"></i></a> </div> <div id="right-content-7" class="right-content-body"> <div class="timeline-row">  <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>The Long Sunset</h3> <p> <a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/senior-statesman/1960-1965/the-long-sunset/" target=""> 1959, Churchill visited Morocco – and Marrakech (where he’d painted some of his most acclaimed pictures) – and painted from his balcony at La Mamounia for the final time. And when he next visited La Pausa, later in 1959, he found himself no longer able to wield his paintbrush. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div>  <div class="timeline-item item-image"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Churchill_funeral_002-1.jpg" alt="Churchill funeral" /> </div> <div class="image-caption"> <p>Winston Churchill's funeral procession, 30 January 1965</p> </div> </div>   <div class="timeline-item"> <h3>Sir Winston’s Funeral on 30th January, 1965</h3> <p> <a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/senior-statesman/1960-1965/sir-winston-leonard-spencer-churchills-funeral/" target=""> “This wasn’t a funeral, it was a triumph.” – Lady Clementine Churchill, 30 January 1965. <i class="far fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </section> <section class="memorandum"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="image"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Screen-Shot-2021-07-07-at-10.59.45-PM.png" alt="" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text section-title-red"> <h4>1874 - 1965</h4> <h2>Winston Churchill</h2> <h3>In Memorandum</h3> </div> <div class="memorandum-content content-single"> <p class="p1">Churchill became Prime Minister of a national government on 10 May 1940, the very day that Hitler invaded France and the Low Countries. The first few weeks of his premiership were marked by military disaster, as France surrendered and the British army was evacuated from Dunkirk. The United Kingdom then faced direct attack in the Battle of Britain and the Blitz.</p> <p class="p1">Churchill’s famous speeches and broadcasts were carefully constructed to raise British morale while sending a message of defiance to Germany and a call for support to the United States. Churchill’s policy was ‘victory at all costs’ through ‘blood, toil, tears and sweat’. Though sixty-five in 1940, he strove to take the offensive to the enemy and worked tirelessly to assemble and maintain the Grand Alliance against fascism. With his bulldog scowl, ever-present cigar and V for Victory salute he came to personify the British war effort.</p> <p class="p1">To learn about the Second World War, <a href="/"><span class="s1">visit the Imperial War Museums’ website</span>.</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="image-content-grid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3"> <div class="item"> <div class="image"> <a href="/category/publications/finest-hour/" target=""> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Churchills-Finest-Hours_sm.jpg" alt="" /> </a> </div> <h3> <a href="/category/publications/finest-hour/" target=""> Finest Hour <i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </h3> <p>Search online archives for articles, documents and more..</p> <a class="btn btn-link-border btn-teal-2" href="/category/publications/finest-hour/" target="">View Finest Hour</a></i> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3"> <div class="item"> <div class="image"> <a href="/resources/reference/" target=""> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/The-Second-World-War.png" alt="The Second World War" /> </a> </div> <h3> <a href="/resources/reference/" target=""> Writing, Articles & Books <i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </h3> <p>In his lifetime, Churchill published more than 40 books in 60 volumes.</p> <a class="btn btn-link-border btn-teal-2" href="/resources/reference/" target="">View his writing</a></i> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3"> <div class="item"> <div class="image"> <a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/about/affiliates-and-chapters/young-churchillians/" target=""> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/1200px-Winston_Churchill_as_a_young_man_by_Edwin_Arthur_Ward_1859_-_1933.jpeg" alt="Churchill as a young man" /> </a> </div> <h3> <a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/about/affiliates-and-chapters/young-churchillians/" target=""> Young Churchillians <i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </h3> <p>Working to celebrate the life and achievements of a great leader.</p> <a class="btn btn-link-border btn-teal-2" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/about/affiliates-and-chapters/young-churchillians/" target="">Young Churchillians</a></i> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3"> <div class="item"> <div class="image"> <a href="/publications/publications-index/" target=""> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/FH180-lg-cover.jpg" alt="Finest Hour 180" /> </a> </div> <h3> <a href="/publications/publications-index/" target=""> Publications <i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </h3> <p>In his lifetime, Churchill published more than 40 books in 60 volumes.</p> <a class="btn btn-link-border btn-teal-2" href="/publications/publications-index/" target="">View Publications</a></i> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="social-connect"> <div class="container"> <div class="row align-items-center"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-4"> <div class="section-title-border"> <h2>A tribute, join us</h2> <h3>#thinkchurchill</h3> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-8"> <div class="social-connect-links"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/ChurchillCentre" target="_blank"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/youtube.svg" alt="" /> <span>Watch</span> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/ChurchillCentre" target="_blank"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/twitter.svg" alt="" /> <span>Follow</span> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ChurchillSociety/" target="_blank"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/icons8-facebook.svg" alt="" /> <span>Like</span> </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/thechurchillsociety/" target="_blank"> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/icons8-instagram.svg" alt="" /> <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sb_instagram" class="sbi sbi_mob_col_1 sbi_tab_col_2 sbi_col_5 sbi_width_resp" style="width: 100%;" data-feedid="sbi_thechurchillsociety#5" data-res="auto" data-cols="5" data-colsmobile="1" data-colstablet="2" data-num="5" data-nummobile="" data-item-padding="" data-shortcode-atts="{"num":"5","cols":"5","showfollow":"false","showbutton":"false"}" data-postid="8347" data-locatornonce="b71e0e1e09" data-sbi-flags="favorLocal"> <div class="sb_instagram_header " > <a class="sbi_header_link" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/thechurchillsociety/" title="@thechurchillsociety"> <div class="sbi_header_text"> <div class="sbi_header_img" data-avatar-url="https://scontent-iad3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t51.2885-15/456847279_1055783079880494_4036616854805549637_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=7d201b&_nc_ohc=7cyT06XsffkQ7kNvgEgaLI0&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.xx&edm=AL-3X8kEAAAA&oh=00_AYCrOJMNOYagBhgLWXKveyu4EH9jkGu0k8qvKC3MZcluRA&oe=67486BAF"> <div class="sbi_header_img_hover" ><svg class="sbi_new_logo fa-instagram fa-w-14" aria-hidden="true" data-fa-processed="" aria-label="Instagram" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="instagram" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z"></path> </svg></div> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/sb-instagram-feed-images/thechurchillsociety.jpg" alt="Int’l Churchill Society" width="50" height="50"> </div> <div class="sbi_feedtheme_header_text"> <h3>thechurchillsociety</h3> <p class="sbi_bio">🔹: ICS OFFICIAL<br> Posts dedicated to the leadership and memory of Sir Winston Churchill. 🇬🇧|🇺🇸</p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div id="sbi_images" > <div class="sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition" id="sbi_18109595293434791" data-date="1732273765"> <div class="sbi_photo_wrap"> <a class="sbi_photo" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DCq-OlZIkF0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-full-res="https://scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.2885-15/467821566_424144140758547_8360683365043004537_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=TAf89QPH728Q7kNvgHAI8Y7&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYCJoafetcHLc5tTKj-1VYDK5H9Xv2XuMExFXzKas5JZYQ&oe=67489952" data-img-src-set="{"d":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/467821566_424144140758547_8360683365043004537_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=TAf89QPH728Q7kNvgHAI8Y7&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYCJoafetcHLc5tTKj-1VYDK5H9Xv2XuMExFXzKas5JZYQ&oe=67489952","150":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/467821566_424144140758547_8360683365043004537_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=TAf89QPH728Q7kNvgHAI8Y7&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYCJoafetcHLc5tTKj-1VYDK5H9Xv2XuMExFXzKas5JZYQ&oe=67489952","320":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/467821566_424144140758547_8360683365043004537_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=TAf89QPH728Q7kNvgHAI8Y7&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYCJoafetcHLc5tTKj-1VYDK5H9Xv2XuMExFXzKas5JZYQ&oe=67489952","640":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/467821566_424144140758547_8360683365043004537_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=TAf89QPH728Q7kNvgHAI8Y7&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYCJoafetcHLc5tTKj-1VYDK5H9Xv2XuMExFXzKas5JZYQ&oe=67489952"}"> <span class="sbi-screenreader">This autumn brings a fascinating duo of books delv</span> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png" alt="This autumn brings a fascinating duo of books delving into Winston Churchill’s 1930s wilderness years. "Churchill’s Citadel: Chartwell and the Gatherings Before the Storm" by Katherine Carter, focuses on how Chartwell, Churchill's beloved home, served as the strategic hub against the rising Nazi threat. Carter, Chartwell's curator, uses the home's guestbook to weave a narrative that places Chartwell at the centre of Churchill’s political efforts during the 1930s. "Winston’s Bandits: Churchill and His Maverick Friends" by Adrian Phillips, offers a detailed exploration of the influential yet eccentric group of men—dubbed Churchill's 'mavericks'—who were instrumental during these critical years. Phillips provides an insightful look into their unconventional tactics and the crucial intelligence they gathered. Reviewed by David Lough in our latest ICS Bulletin, these books unveil the intricate details of Churchill’s life and the influential figures around him. Both books present unique yet complementary views of a pivotal decade in Churchill's life and are essential reads for anyone interested in the complexities of historical leadership. Dive deeper into these riveting accounts of political strategy, personal resolve, and the friendships that influenced a nation on the brink of war. #Churchill #WinstonChurchill #ThinkChurchill #history #historybooks #churchillbooks #chartwell @chartwellnt @katieculture"> </a> </div> </div><div class="sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition" id="sbi_18026607335590407" data-date="1731000651"> <div class="sbi_photo_wrap"> <a class="sbi_photo" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DCFB9N-oDTj/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-full-res="https://scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.2885-15/465760663_1630880014485628_992008769411466474_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=15lJ1MFNz8UQ7kNvgFSBsSr&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYCbqOkyhqoRnTXITlTEGst8Za5sOQBO-pNWlsuTbhtPKw&oe=67487E40" data-img-src-set="{"d":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/465760663_1630880014485628_992008769411466474_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=15lJ1MFNz8UQ7kNvgFSBsSr&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYCbqOkyhqoRnTXITlTEGst8Za5sOQBO-pNWlsuTbhtPKw&oe=67487E40","150":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/465760663_1630880014485628_992008769411466474_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=15lJ1MFNz8UQ7kNvgFSBsSr&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYCbqOkyhqoRnTXITlTEGst8Za5sOQBO-pNWlsuTbhtPKw&oe=67487E40","320":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/465760663_1630880014485628_992008769411466474_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=15lJ1MFNz8UQ7kNvgFSBsSr&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYCbqOkyhqoRnTXITlTEGst8Za5sOQBO-pNWlsuTbhtPKw&oe=67487E40","640":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/465760663_1630880014485628_992008769411466474_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=15lJ1MFNz8UQ7kNvgFSBsSr&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYCbqOkyhqoRnTXITlTEGst8Za5sOQBO-pNWlsuTbhtPKw&oe=67487E40"}"> <span class="sbi-screenreader">On this day, 7 Nov 1924 Sir Winston Churchill was </span> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png" alt="On this day, 7 Nov 1924 Sir Winston Churchill was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer. Although elected as a ‘Constitutionalist’ member for Epping in October 1924, Churchill rejoined the Conservative Party and accepted an appointment in Stanley Baldwin’s Unionist government as Chancellor of the Exchequer, the highest ministerial post once held by his father Lord Randolph. Churchill would hold this position until 1929 when he resigned from the post following the defeat of Baldwin's government. This saw the beginning of his so-called ‘Wilderness Years’. #Churchill #ThinkChurchill #WinstonChurchill #Leadership #Politician #Politics #Chancellor #ChancellorOfTheExchequer #ChurchillSociety"> </a> </div> </div><div class="sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition" id="sbi_17859340065277919" data-date="1730985954"> <div class="sbi_photo_wrap"> <a class="sbi_photo" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DCEl7MmovFP/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-full-res="https://scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.2885-15/465684403_955954136562666_4187335341460071422_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=bL7qoNOZK0YQ7kNvgHyZQvP&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYDTHXSxtwQuzBcBwHBv2LXOCAlG_5NkHtjASnrWNLNOCg&oe=674893D0" data-img-src-set="{"d":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/465684403_955954136562666_4187335341460071422_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=bL7qoNOZK0YQ7kNvgHyZQvP&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYDTHXSxtwQuzBcBwHBv2LXOCAlG_5NkHtjASnrWNLNOCg&oe=674893D0","150":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/465684403_955954136562666_4187335341460071422_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=bL7qoNOZK0YQ7kNvgHyZQvP&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYDTHXSxtwQuzBcBwHBv2LXOCAlG_5NkHtjASnrWNLNOCg&oe=674893D0","320":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/465684403_955954136562666_4187335341460071422_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=bL7qoNOZK0YQ7kNvgHyZQvP&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYDTHXSxtwQuzBcBwHBv2LXOCAlG_5NkHtjASnrWNLNOCg&oe=674893D0","640":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/465684403_955954136562666_4187335341460071422_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=bL7qoNOZK0YQ7kNvgHyZQvP&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYDTHXSxtwQuzBcBwHBv2LXOCAlG_5NkHtjASnrWNLNOCg&oe=674893D0"}"> <span class="sbi-screenreader">Sir Winston Churchill won his first election to Pa</span> <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Clone" data-fa-proƒcessed="" data-prefix="far" data-icon="clone" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z"></path> </svg> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png" alt="Sir Winston Churchill won his first election to Parliament as a Conservative (Tory) for the town of Oldham in 1900. He quickly made a name for himself as a rising politician, though he was controversial, and in 1904 he left his father's party and joined the Liberals. Early in his career, he held a succession of senior Government roles, and in 1924, he returned to the Conservative Party as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He was talented, but many mistrusted him. Scroll through the images to find out more about Churchill's time as a young politician. #Churchill #ThinkChurchill #WinstonChurchill #Leadership #Politician #Politics #YoungPolitician #RisingPolitician"> </a> </div> </div><div class="sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition" id="sbi_18042485612140947" data-date="1730900735"> <div class="sbi_photo_wrap"> <a class="sbi_photo" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DCCDYg-Ikw6/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-full-res="https://scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.2885-15/466115241_1279866166359849_1609228433549020102_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=km7lP2hyF-cQ7kNvgEdtpog&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYDFQN4xyUlJAoQ-vk6fA223oesB_9_NEMQGnjrOCGAFQw&oe=6748949D" data-img-src-set="{"d":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/466115241_1279866166359849_1609228433549020102_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=km7lP2hyF-cQ7kNvgEdtpog&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYDFQN4xyUlJAoQ-vk6fA223oesB_9_NEMQGnjrOCGAFQw&oe=6748949D","150":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/466115241_1279866166359849_1609228433549020102_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=km7lP2hyF-cQ7kNvgEdtpog&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYDFQN4xyUlJAoQ-vk6fA223oesB_9_NEMQGnjrOCGAFQw&oe=6748949D","320":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/466115241_1279866166359849_1609228433549020102_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=km7lP2hyF-cQ7kNvgEdtpog&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYDFQN4xyUlJAoQ-vk6fA223oesB_9_NEMQGnjrOCGAFQw&oe=6748949D","640":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.2885-15\/466115241_1279866166359849_1609228433549020102_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=km7lP2hyF-cQ7kNvgEdtpog&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&oh=00_AYDFQN4xyUlJAoQ-vk6fA223oesB_9_NEMQGnjrOCGAFQw&oe=6748949D"}"> <span class="sbi-screenreader">After a few days of meaningful discussions, beauti</span> <svg class="svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="Clone" data-fa-proƒcessed="" data-prefix="far" data-icon="clone" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z"></path> </svg> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png" alt="After a few days of meaningful discussions, beautiful venues, and memorable moments, we’re touched by your ICS Conference feedback. Seeing new friendships form around Sir Winston Churchill's timeless values truly made this event special. #testimonials #InternationalChurchillConference #InternationalChurchillSociety #InternationalChurchillConference2024 #Churchill #ThinkChurchill #WinstonChurchill"> </a> </div> </div><div class="sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition" id="sbi_17842760595351389" data-date="1730827301"> <div class="sbi_photo_wrap"> <a class="sbi_photo" href="https://www.instagram.com/reel/DB_3L8CPdmL/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-full-res="https://scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.29350-15/465233724_934173705412673_7379920810990117069_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=KIITm4bBf2kQ7kNvgE5aFJS&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&_nc_gid=AQ5YOvsQjNxEszTJ4miUuCc&oh=00_AYArhcX6fWypaSf3uEPS9gluH-KEaXuBZfY-eb5cy3D_Qw&oe=674873BA" data-img-src-set="{"d":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/465233724_934173705412673_7379920810990117069_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=KIITm4bBf2kQ7kNvgE5aFJS&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&_nc_gid=AQ5YOvsQjNxEszTJ4miUuCc&oh=00_AYArhcX6fWypaSf3uEPS9gluH-KEaXuBZfY-eb5cy3D_Qw&oe=674873BA","150":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/465233724_934173705412673_7379920810990117069_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=KIITm4bBf2kQ7kNvgE5aFJS&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&_nc_gid=AQ5YOvsQjNxEszTJ4miUuCc&oh=00_AYArhcX6fWypaSf3uEPS9gluH-KEaXuBZfY-eb5cy3D_Qw&oe=674873BA","320":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/465233724_934173705412673_7379920810990117069_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=KIITm4bBf2kQ7kNvgE5aFJS&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&_nc_gid=AQ5YOvsQjNxEszTJ4miUuCc&oh=00_AYArhcX6fWypaSf3uEPS9gluH-KEaXuBZfY-eb5cy3D_Qw&oe=674873BA","640":"https:\/\/scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/465233724_934173705412673_7379920810990117069_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=KIITm4bBf2kQ7kNvgE5aFJS&_nc_zt=23&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=AM6HXa8EAAAA&_nc_gid=AQ5YOvsQjNxEszTJ4miUuCc&oh=00_AYArhcX6fWypaSf3uEPS9gluH-KEaXuBZfY-eb5cy3D_Qw&oe=674873BA"}"> <span class="sbi-screenreader">May 19, 1943: Sir Winston Churchill tells the US C</span> <svg style="color: rgba(255,255,255,1)" class="svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn" aria-label="Play" aria-hidden="true" data-fa-processed="" data-prefix="fa" data-icon="play" role="presentation" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z"></path></svg> <img src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png" alt="May 19, 1943: Sir Winston Churchill tells the US Congress that Britain is committed to fighting Japan. This speech, often referred to as his "Fighting Speech," was delivered during Churchill's visit to Washington, D.C. for the Trident Conference, where Allied leaders planned the invasion of Normandy. “It is the duty of those who are charged with the direction of the war to overcome at the earliest moment the military, geographical and political difficulties and begin the process so necessary and desirable of laying the cities and other munition centres of Japan in ashes, for in ashes they must surely lie before peace comes back to the world. ” ‘And here let me say: let no one suggest that we British have not at least as great an interest as the United States in the unflinching and relentless waging of war against Japan. But I am here to tell you that we will wage that war side by side with you, in accordance with the best strategic employment of our forces while there is breath in our bodies and while blood flows in our veins." #Churchill #ThinkChurchill #WinstonChurchill #fightingspeech #winstonwords #churchillspeech #WWII #churchillvideo"> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sbi_load" > </div> <span class="sbi_resized_image_data" data-feed-id="sbi_thechurchillsociety#5" data-resized="{"17842760595351389":{"id":"465233724_934173705412673_7379920810990117069_n","ratio":"0.56","sizes":{"full":640,"low":320,"thumb":150}},"18042485612140947":{"id":"466115241_1279866166359849_1609228433549020102_n","ratio":"0.80","sizes":{"full":640,"low":320,"thumb":150}},"17859340065277919":{"id":"465684403_955954136562666_4187335341460071422_n","ratio":"0.80","sizes":{"full":640,"low":320,"thumb":150}},"18026607335590407":{"id":"465760663_1630880014485628_992008769411466474_n","ratio":"0.80","sizes":{"full":640,"low":320,"thumb":150}},"18109595293434791":{"id":"467821566_424144140758547_8360683365043004537_n","ratio":"0.80","sizes":{"full":640,"low":320,"thumb":150}}}"> </span> </div> </section> <section id="block-subscribe" class="block-subscribe"> <div class="container"> <div class="row no-gutters align-items-center"> <div class="col-md-5 col-xl-4 offset-xl-1"> <div class="section-title-border title-behind-text section-title-red"> <h2>Subscribe</h2> <h3>WANT MORE?</h3> <p>Get the Churchill Bulletin delivered to your inbox once a month.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-7 col-xl-6"> <div class="subscribe-form"> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <div class='gf_browser_safari gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_1' ><form method='post' enctype='multipart/form-data' target='gform_ajax_frame_1' id='gform_1' action='/the-life-of-churchill/life/' data-formid='1' novalidate> <input type='hidden' class='gforms-pum' value='{"closepopup":false,"closedelay":0,"openpopup":false,"openpopup_id":0}' /> <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_1' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><div id="field_1_1" class="gfield gfield--type-email gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_1"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_1' >Email<span class="gfield_required"><span class="gfield_required gfield_required_text">(Required)</span></span></label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'> <input name='input_1' id='input_1_1' type='email' value='' class='large' placeholder='Enter email address' aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" /> </div></div><div id="field_1_2" class="gfield gfield--type-honeypot gform_validation_container field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible" data-js-reload="field_1_2"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_1_2' >Email</label><div class='ginput_container'><input name='input_2' id='input_1_2' type='text' value='' autocomplete='new-password'/></div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_1_2'>This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.</div></div></div></div> <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <button type="submit" id="gform_submit_button_1" class="gform_button button" onclick='if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window["gf_submitting_1"]){return false;} if( !jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity || jQuery("#gform_1")[0].checkValidity()){window["gf_submitting_1"]=true;} jQuery("#gform_1").trigger("submit",[true]); }'>Subscribe</button> <input type='hidden' name='gform_ajax' value='form_id=1&title=&description=&tabindex=0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_1' value='WyJbXSIsImFiNzUxYmE3ODUzY2NhYTNjMjYzZDU2ZTczNTQ5YTM4Il0=' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_1' id='gform_target_page_number_1' value='0' /> <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_1' id='gform_source_page_number_1' value='1' /> <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' /> </div> </form> </div> <iframe style='display:none;width:0px;height:0px;' src='about:blank' name='gform_ajax_frame_1' id='gform_ajax_frame_1' title='This iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms.'></iframe> <script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_1').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_1');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_1').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { /* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome */ }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_1').val();gformInitSpinner( 1, 'https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/images/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [1, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_1').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [1]);window['gf_submitting_1'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_1').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_1').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [1, current_page]);gform.utils.trigger({ event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: current_page } });} );} ); </script> <a class="small-link" href="https://winstonchurchill.org/subscribe/" target="">Privacy</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </main> <footer id="footer" class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-3 col-footer-about"> <div class="footer-about"> <h3 class="title-left-line">About</h3> <a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="1024" height="511" src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1.jpg" class="custom-logo" alt="International Churchill Society" decoding="async" srcset="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1.jpg 1024w, https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1-300x150.jpg 300w, https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/cropped-Website-Logo-002-1-768x383.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a> <p>The International Churchill Society (ICS), founded in 1968 shortly after Churchill's death, is the world’s preeminent member organisation dedicated to preserving the historic legacy of Sir Winston Churchill. We are a UK Registered Charity and US IRS 501c3 Registered Nonprofit</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-3"> <div class="footer-links"> <h3 class="title-left-line">Quick Links</h3> <div class="menu-quick-links-container"><ul id="menu-quick-links" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-20468" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20468"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-57827" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57827"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/about-the-society/">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20204" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20204"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/contact">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20469" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20469"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/partners/">Partners</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20206" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20206"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/about/affiliates-chapters/">Chapters & Affiliates</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20207" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20207"><a href="/about/executive-staff/">Who’s Who</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-3"> <div class="footer-links"> <h3 class="title-left-line">Churchill</h3> <div class="menu-churchill-container"><ul id="menu-churchill" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-20218" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor menu-item-20218"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/the-life-of-churchill/">The Life of Churchill</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20209" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20209"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/quotes/">Quotes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20210" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20210"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/">Speeches</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20470" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20470"><a href="/resources/myths/">Myths: Fact vs Fiction</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20471" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20471"><a href="/category/publications/finest-hour/">Finest Hour Magazine</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20472" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-20472"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/reference/">Reference</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-lg-3"> <div class="footer-links"> <h3 class="title-left-line">Get Involved</h3> <div class="menu-get-involved-container"><ul id="menu-get-involved" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-20680" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20680"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/join/join-the-society/">Join</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20473" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20473"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/churchill-2024-events/">Events</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20474" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-20474"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/visit/">Visit</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20223" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20223"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/join/membership-benefits-2/">Member Benefits</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20224" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-20224"><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/join/give-a-gift-subscription/">Gift Subscription</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="d-md-flex justify-content-between"> <p><a href="/terms-conditions/">Terms & Conditions</a> | Site by <a href="https://pixelstorm.com.au" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PixelStorm</a></p> <p>Copyright © 2024 International Churchill Society. All Rights Reserved.</p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '') history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash) </script> <script type='text/javascript'>( $ => { /** * Displays toast message from storage, it is used when the user is redirected after login */ if ( window.sessionStorage ) { $( window ).on( 'tcb_after_dom_ready', () => { const message = sessionStorage.getItem( 'tcb_toast_message' ); if ( message ) { tcbToast( sessionStorage.getItem( 'tcb_toast_message' ), false ); sessionStorage.removeItem( 'tcb_toast_message' ); } } ); } /** * Displays toast message * * @param {string} message - message to display * @param {Boolean} error - whether the message is an error or not * @param {Function} callback - callback function to be called after the message is closed */ function tcbToast( message, error, callback ) { /* Also allow "message" objects */ if ( typeof message !== 'string' ) { message = message.message || message.error || message.success; } if ( ! error ) { error = false; } TCB_Front.notificationElement.toggle( message, error ? 'error' : 'success', callback ); } } )( typeof ThriveGlobal === 'undefined' ? jQuery : ThriveGlobal.$j ); </script> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script> <div id="pum-57800" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-57792 pum-theme-lightbox popmake-overlay auto_open click_open" data-popmake="{"id":57800,"slug":"join","theme_id":57792,"cookies":[{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-57800","key":"","session":null,"path":true,"time":"1 month"}},{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-57800","key":"","session":false,"path":"1","time":"1 month"}}],"triggers":[{"type":"auto_open","settings":{"cookie_name":["pum-57800"],"delay":"10000"}},{"type":"click_open","settings":{"extra_selectors":"","cookie_name":null}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center top","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"100","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":false,"esc_press":false,"f4_press":false},"click_open":[]}}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" aria-labelledby="pum_popup_title_57800"> <div id="popmake-57800" class="pum-container popmake theme-57792 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div id="pum_popup_title_57800" class="pum-title popmake-title"> Join Today </div> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <p>Join the International Churchill Society today! <strong>Membership starts at just $29/year.</strong></p> <p><a href="https://winstonchurchill.org/join/join-the-society/"><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-57804" src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Learn-more-002.jpg" alt="" width="253" height="77" srcset="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Learn-more-002.jpg 492w, https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Learn-more-002-300x91.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px" /></a></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> × </button> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var sbiajaxurl = "https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; </script> <style type="text/css" id="tve_notification_styles"></style> <div class="tvd-toast tve-fe-message" style="display: none"> <div class="tve-toast-message tve-success-message"> <div class="tve-toast-icon-container"> <span class="tve_tick thrv-svg-icon"></span> </div> <div class="tve-toast-message-container"></div> </div> </div><script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script><link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_theme_reset-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-theme-reset.min.css?ver=2.7.13.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_theme_foundation-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-theme-foundation.min.css?ver=2.7.13.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_theme_framework-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-theme-framework.min.css?ver=2.7.13.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gravity_forms_orbital_theme-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/gravity-forms-orbital-theme.min.css?ver=2.7.13.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='smash-balloon-editor-css-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/thrive-visual-editor/inc/smash-balloon/css/main.css?ver=6.6.1.1720091242' media='' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_basic-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/basic.min.css?ver=2.7.13.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme_components-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme-components.min.css?ver=2.7.13.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme_ie11-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme-ie11.min.css?ver=2.7.13.1720091242' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gform_theme-css' href='https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/css/dist/theme.min.css?ver=2.7.13.1720091242' media='all' /> <script id="sbi_scripts-js-extra"> var sb_instagram_js_options = {"font_method":"svg","resized_url":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sb-instagram-feed-images\/","placeholder":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png","ajax_url":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; var sb_instagram_js_options = {"font_method":"svg","resized_url":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sb-instagram-feed-images\/","placeholder":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png","ajax_url":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; </script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/js/sbi-scripts.min.js?ver=6.3.1.1720091242" id="sbi_scripts-js"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/slick-carousel@1.8.1/slick/slick.min.js?ver=1.0.0.1720091242" id="slick-js-js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/sticky-kit/1.1.3/sticky-kit.min.js?ver=1.0.0.1720091242" id="stickykit-js-js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js?ver=1.0.0.1720091242" id="popper-js-js"></script> <script src="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=1.0.0.1720091242" id="bootstrap-js-js"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-select@1.14.0-beta2/dist/js/bootstrap-select.min.js?ver=1.0.0.1720091242" id="bootstrap-select-js-js"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/select2@4.1.0-rc.0/dist/js/select2.min.js?ver=1.0.0.1720091242" id="select2-js-js"></script> <script src="//unpkg.com/masonry-layout@4/dist/masonry.pkgd.min.js?ver=1.0.0.1720091242" id="masonry-layout-js"></script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/themes/churchill/js/ajax-news.js?ver=1.0.0.1720091242" id="ajax-news-js-js"></script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/themes/churchill/js/main.min.js?ver=1.0.0.1720091242" id="main-js-js"></script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/themes/churchill/js/navigation.js?ver=1.0.0.1720091242" id="blocks_wp-navigation-js"></script> <script id="tve-dash-frontend-js-extra"> var tve_dash_front = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","force_ajax_send":"","is_crawler":"","recaptcha":{"connection":{"version":"v3","browsing_history":"1","threshold":"0.5"},"site_key":"6Lcc7TgkAAAAAN7opLKDb22AtcS9jecVZLyou851"},"turnstile":[],"post_id":"8347"}; </script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/thrive-visual-editor/thrive-dashboard/js/dist/frontend.min.js?ver=10.1.1720091242" id="tve-dash-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/google-site-kit/dist/assets/js/googlesitekit-consent-mode-3d6495dceaebc28bcca3.js?ver=1720091242" id="googlesitekit-consent-mode-js"></script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3.1720091242" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script id="popup-maker-site-js-extra"> var pum_vars = {"version":"1.18.2","pm_dir_url":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/popup-maker\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","restapi":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-json\/pum\/v1","rest_nonce":null,"default_theme":"57791","debug_mode":"","disable_tracking":"","home_url":"\/","message_position":"top","core_sub_forms_enabled":"1","popups":[],"cookie_domain":"","analytics_route":"analytics","analytics_api":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-json\/pum\/v1"}; var pum_sub_vars = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","message_position":"top"}; var pum_popups = {"pum-57800":{"triggers":[{"type":"auto_open","settings":{"cookie_name":["pum-57800"],"delay":"10000"}}],"cookies":[{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-57800","key":"","session":null,"path":true,"time":"1 month"}},{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-57800","key":"","session":false,"path":"1","time":"1 month"}}],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"atc_promotion":null,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"57792","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center top","position_top":"100","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":"0","close_on_overlay_click":false,"close_on_esc_press":false,"close_on_f4_press":false,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"lightbox","id":57800,"slug":"join"}}; </script> <script src="//winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/uploads/pum/pum-site-scripts.js?defer&generated=1704574348&ver=1.18.2.1720091242" id="popup-maker-site-js"></script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381.1720091242" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18.1720091242" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6.1720091242" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=d90eebea464f6c09bfd5.1720091242" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/jquery.json.min.js?ver=2.7.13.1720091242" id="gform_json-js"></script> <script id="gform_gravityforms-js-extra"> var gform_i18n = {"datepicker":{"days":{"monday":"Mo","tuesday":"Tu","wednesday":"We","thursday":"Th","friday":"Fr","saturday":"Sa","sunday":"Su"},"months":{"january":"January","february":"February","march":"March","april":"April","may":"May","june":"June","july":"July","august":"August","september":"September","october":"October","november":"November","december":"December"},"firstDay":1,"iconText":"Select date"}}; var gf_legacy_multi = []; var gform_gravityforms = {"strings":{"invalid_file_extension":"This type of file is not allowed. Must be one of the following:","delete_file":"Delete this file","in_progress":"in progress","file_exceeds_limit":"File exceeds size limit","illegal_extension":"This type of file is not allowed.","max_reached":"Maximum number of files reached","unknown_error":"There was a problem while saving the file on the server","currently_uploading":"Please wait for the uploading to complete","cancel":"Cancel","cancel_upload":"Cancel this upload","cancelled":"Cancelled"},"vars":{"images_url":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images"}}; var gf_global = {"gf_currency_config":{"name":"U.S. Dollar","symbol_left":"$","symbol_right":"","symbol_padding":"","thousand_separator":",","decimal_separator":".","decimals":2,"code":"USD"},"base_url":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms","number_formats":[],"spinnerUrl":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg","version_hash":"276f171238e1d51b1092bb9572aafa3a","strings":{"newRowAdded":"New row added.","rowRemoved":"Row removed","formSaved":"The form has been saved. The content contains the link to return and complete the form."}}; </script> <script defer='defer' src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/gravityforms.min.js?ver=2.7.13.1720091242" id="gform_gravityforms-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/js/placeholders.jquery.min.js?ver=2.7.13.1720091242" id="gform_placeholder-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/utils.min.js?ver=59d951b75d934ae23e0ea7f9776264aa.1720091242" id="gform_gravityforms_utils-js"></script> <script defer='defer' src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/vendor-theme.min.js?ver=4ef53fe41c14a48b294541d9fc37387e.1720091242" id="gform_gravityforms_theme_vendors-js"></script> <script id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js-extra"> var gform_theme_config = {"common":{"form":{"honeypot":{"version_hash":"276f171238e1d51b1092bb9572aafa3a"}}},"hmr_dev":"","public_path":"https:\/\/winstonchurchill.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/assets\/js\/dist\/"}; </script> <script defer='defer' src="https://winstonchurchill.org/wp-content/plugins/gravityforms/assets/js/dist/scripts-theme.min.js?ver=f4d12a887a23a8c5755fd2b956bc8fcf.1720091242" id="gform_gravityforms_theme-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">var tcb_current_post_lists=JSON.parse('[]'); var tcb_post_lists=tcb_post_lists?[...tcb_post_lists,...tcb_current_post_lists]:tcb_current_post_lists;</script><script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() { jQuery(document).on('gform_post_render', function(event, formId, currentPage){if(formId == 1) {if(typeof Placeholders != 'undefined'){ Placeholders.enable(); }} } );jQuery(document).bind('gform_post_conditional_logic', function(event, formId, fields, isInit){} ) } ); </script> <script> gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [1, 1]);gform.utils.trigger({ event: 'gform/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 1, currentPage: 1 } });} ); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Life Archives - International Churchill Society