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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Карл Алойс фон Фюрстенберг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карл Алойс фон Фюрстенберг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_Alois_z_F%C3%BCrstenbergu" title="Karel Alois z Fürstenbergu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karel Alois z Fürstenbergu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Aloys_de_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Charles Aloys de Fürstenberg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Aloys de Fürstenberg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Aloisio_di_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Carlo Aloisio di Fürstenberg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carlo Aloisio di Fürstenberg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%B2%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC" title="كارل الويس زو فورستينبيرج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارل الويس زو فورستينبيرج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81_%D1%86%D1%83" title="Фюрстенберг, Карл Алоис цу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фюрстенберг, Карл Алоис цу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Habsburg military commander (1760–1799)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1760_Karl_Aloys.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portrait of a man with light hair, a fair complexion and a slight smile. He wears a white jacket typical of the Austrian general officer; the collar is decorated with brocade." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1760_Karl_Aloys.jpg/220px-1760_Karl_Aloys.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/1760_Karl_Aloys.jpg/330px-1760_Karl_Aloys.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/1760_Karl_Aloys.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">26 June 1760<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1760-06-26</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 March 1799<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">1799-03-26</span>)</span> (aged 38)<br /><a href="/wiki/Stockach" title="Stockach">Stockach</a>, present day <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a>, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Family grave at family cemetery, Maria Hof (Neudingen) near <a href="/wiki/Donaueschingen" title="Donaueschingen">Donaueschingen</a> (re-interred 1857)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietor_(Inhaber)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietor (Inhaber)">Colonel and Proprietor</a>, 36th Infantry Regiment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1777–1799</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Generalfeldmarschall" title="Generalfeldmarschall">Generalfeldmarschall</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Bavarian_Succession" title="War of the Bavarian Succession">War of the Bavarian Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1788%E2%80%931791)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)">Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">War of the First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Battle of Ostrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_St._Hubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Order of St. Hubert">Military Order of St. Hubert</a> 1791<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ferdinand,_3rd_Prince_of_Thurn_and_Taxis" title="Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis">Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis</a> (father in law)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg</b> (26 June 1760 – 25 March 1799) was an Austrian military commander. He achieved the rank of <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> and died at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach</a>. </p><p>A younger member of a <a href="/wiki/Cadet_branch" title="Cadet branch">cadet branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg_(Swabia)" title="House of Fürstenberg (Swabia)">House of Fürstenberg</a>, at his birth his chances of inheriting the family title of <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrst" title="Fürst">Fürst</a> zu Fürstenberg</i> were slight; he was prepared instead for a military career, and a tutor was hired to teach him the <a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">military sciences</a>. He entered the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Army_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire)">Habsburg military</a> in 1777, at the age of seventeen years, and was a member of the field army in the short <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Bavarian_Succession" title="War of the Bavarian Succession">War of the Bavarian Succession</a> (1778–79). His career progressed steadily during the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1788%E2%80%931791)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)">Habsburg War with the Ottoman Empire</a>. In particular he distinguished himself at <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abac" title="Šabac">Šabac</a> in 1790, when he led his troops in storming the fortress on the <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a> river. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>, he fought with distinction again for the <a href="/wiki/First_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="First Coalition">First Coalition</a>, particularly at <a href="/wiki/Ketsch" title="Ketsch">Ketsch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Froeschwiller_(1793)" title="Battle of Froeschwiller (1793)">Frœschwiller</a>, and in 1796 at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Emmendingen" title="Battle of Emmendingen">Emmendingen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schliengen" title="Battle of Schliengen">Schliengen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kehl_(1796%E2%80%931797)" title="Siege of Kehl (1796–1797)">Kehl</a>. He was stationed at key points to protect the movements of the Austrian army. With a force of 10,000, he defended the German <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kehl" title="Kehl">Kehl</a>, and reversed a bayonet assault by French troops at <a href="/wiki/Bellheim" title="Bellheim">Bellheim</a>; his troops also overran <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a> without any losses. By the end of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">War of the First Coalition</a>, at the age of 35, he had achieved the rank of Field Marshal. During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a>, he fought in the first two battles of the German campaign, at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Ostrach</a> on 21 March 1799, and at Stockach on 25 March 1799. At the latter action while leading a <a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">grenadier</a> regiment, he was hit by French <a href="/wiki/Canister_shot" title="Canister shot">case shot</a> and knocked off his horse. He died shortly afterward. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Childhood_and_early_military_training">Childhood and early military training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Childhood and early military training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karl Aloys was a son of Karl Egon, second son of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilhelm_Ernst,_Prince_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Joseph Wilhelm Ernst, Prince of Fürstenberg">Joseph Wilhelm Ernst</a>, first Prince of Fürstenberg. His tutor, Lieutenant Ernst, was in active service in the Habsburg military, and took six-year-old Karl Aloys on maneuvers with him. In this way, he learned as a child the Habsburg military manual, and came into contact with important military men who later furthered his education and career; he also acquired an honorary rank as <i>Kreis-Obristen</i>, or Colonel of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Circle">Imperial Circle</a>, by the time he was ten years old.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a youth, in 1776, he met the Habsburg war minister Count <a href="/wiki/Franz_Moritz_von_Lacy" title="Franz Moritz von Lacy">Franz Moritz von Lacy</a> and Baron <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Gideon_von_Laudon" title="Ernst Gideon von Laudon">Ernst Gideon von Laudon</a>; he was also invited to dine with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Joseph II</a>. He started his service in 1777 as a <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A4hnrich" title="Fähnrich">Fähnrich</a></i> (ensign) in the Habsburg military organization. He saw his first field service during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Bavarian_Succession" title="War of the Bavarian Succession">War of the Bavarian Succession</a> (1777–78), although he was not involved in any battles.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1780, at the age of twenty years, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Captain_(land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land)">captain</a>, and assigned to the 34th Infantry Regiment, also known as the <i>Anton Esterházy</i>, named for <a href="/wiki/Paul_II_Anton,_Prince_Esterh%C3%A1zy" title="Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy">Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy</a>, the general of cavalry, <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal" title="Field marshal">field marshal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, and ambassador to Britain. While he was assigned to this unit, he participated in the border conflicts between the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and the Habsburgs, 1787–92, and stormed the fortress at <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abac" title="Šabac">Šabac</a> (German: <i>Schabatz</i>) on the <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a> River in Serbia on 27 April 1788. For his action at Šabac, he was personally commended by the Emperor; on the following day, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">major</a> and given command of a <a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">grenadier</a> battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 January 1790, at Laudon's explicit request, Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">major general</a>; at the end of June of that year, he received the coveted position of second colonel of the 34th Infantry Regiment <i>Anton Esterhazy</i>, where he served as the executive officer for <a href="/wiki/Anton_I,_Prince_Esterh%C3%A1zy" title="Anton I, Prince Esterházy">Anton I, Prince Esterházy</a>, the 34th Hungarian Regiment's <a href="/wiki/Inhaber" title="Inhaber">Colonel and Proprietor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a customary appointment in which a less prominent officer completed the day-to-day administrative duties of the Colonel and Proprietor, who was usually a noble and was often posted in a different assignment, sometimes a different staff location.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg also received the <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Chivalric order">confraternal</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Hubert" title="Order of Saint Hubert">Order of Saint Hubert</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Bavaria">Duke of Bavaria</a> and married the "elegant" Princess Elisabeth of <a href="/wiki/Thurn_und_Taxis" title="Thurn und Taxis">Thurn und Taxis</a> (1767–1822), that year.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fight_against_Revolutionary_France">Fight against Revolutionary France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fight against Revolutionary France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a></div> <p>While Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg fought for the Habsburg cause in Serbia, in France, a coalition of the clergy and the professional and bourgeois class—the <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_(France)" title="Estates General (France)">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estates_General_(France)" title="Estates General (France)">Third</a> estates—led a call for reform of the French government and the creation of a written constitution. Initially, the rulers of Europe viewed the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> as an event between the French king and his subjects, and not something in which they should interfere. In 1790, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold</a> succeeded his brother Joseph as emperor and by 1791, he considered the situation surrounding his sister, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>, and her children, with greater alarm. In August 1791, in consultation with French <i>émigré</i> nobles and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_II_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William II of Prussia">Frederick William II of Prussia</a>, he issued the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Pillnitz" title="Declaration of Pillnitz">Declaration of Pillnitz</a>, in which they declared the interest of the monarchs of Europe as one with the interests of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> and his family. They threatened ambiguous, but quite serious, consequences if anything should happen to the royal family. The French émigrés continued to agitate for support of a counter-revolution. On 20 April 1792, the French <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> declared war on Austria. In the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">War of the First Coalition</a> (1792–1797), France opposed most of the European states sharing land or water borders with her, plus Portugal and the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left;"> <p><b>Promotions</b> </p> <ul><li>Fähnrich (Ensign): 1777</li> <li>Hauptmann (Captain): 1780</li> <li>Major: 1788</li> <li>Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel): 1788</li> <li>Oberst(Colonel): 2 November 1789</li> <li>Generalmajor (Major General): 1 January 1790 (effective 12 March 1789)</li> <li>Feldmarschalleutnant (Lieutenant Field Marshal): 4 March 1796 (effective 12 February 1794)</li></ul> <p><i>Swabian Circle of the Empire</i>: </p> <ul><li>Feldzeugmeister (General of Infantry): 1796</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_of_the_First_Coalition">War of the First Coalition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: War of the First Coalition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early days of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>, Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg remained as brigade commander of a small Austrian corps, approximately 10,000 men, under the overall command of <a href="/wiki/Anton_I,_Prince_Esterh%C3%A1zy" title="Anton I, Prince Esterházy">Anton I, Prince Esterházy</a>. He was stationed in the <a href="/wiki/Breisgau" title="Breisgau">Breisgau</a>, a Habsburg territory between the <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a>. This location between the forested mountains and the river included two important bridgeheads across the river which offered access to southwestern Germany, the <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Swiss Cantons</a>, or north-central Germany. His brigade defended <a href="/wiki/Kehl" title="Kehl">Kehl</a>, a small village immediately across the Rhine from <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, but most of the action in 1792 occurred further north, in present-day Belgium, near the cities of <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, and at <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Main_(river)" title="Main (river)">Main River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the second year of the war, Fürstenberg was transferred to the cavalry of <a href="/wiki/Dagobert_Sigmund_von_Wurmser" title="Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser">Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser</a>, in the Army of the Upper Rhine, and placed in charge of the advance guard near <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, which was still held by the French. On 30 March, he crossed the Rhine by <a href="/wiki/Ketsch" title="Ketsch">Ketsch</a> at the head of the advance guard, which included 9,000 men. He took the city of Speyer on 1 April, in the absence of the commander of the city, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Philippe,_Comte_de_Custine" title="Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine">Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine</a>, who was away with most of his troops; those that remained behind simply abandoned the city. On the following day, Fürstenberg occupied the town of <a href="/wiki/Germersheim" title="Germersheim">Germersheim</a>. His first combat action of the war occurred on 3 April, when Custine's infantry attacked him in a bayonet charge near the villages of <a href="/wiki/Bellheim" title="Bellheim">Bellheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6rdt" title="Hördt">Hördt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leimersheim" title="Leimersheim">Leimersheim</a>, and afterward at <a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lauterbourg" title="Lauterbourg">Lauterbourg</a>. During these attacks, he lost all the ground he had gained in the days before. After these events, he was again transferred, this time to the command of the Regiment <i>Count von Kavanagh</i>, where he continued to distinguish himself during the French counter-offensive of October–November 1793. In the action around <a href="/wiki/Geudertheim" title="Geudertheim">Geidertheim</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Zorn_(river)" title="Zorn (river)">Zorn River</a>, he assisted Lieutenant Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Anton,_Baron_Spl%C3%A9ny_de_Mih%C3%A1ldy" title="Gabriel Anton, Baron Splény de Miháldy">Gabriel Anton, Baron Splény de Miháldy</a>, in repelling a French counter-attack. Shortly afterward, he became very ill and, in December 1793, was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Hagenau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagenau">Hagenau</a> to recover. On 22 December, he rejoined Wurmser's Corps for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Froeschwiller_(1793)" title="Battle of Froeschwiller (1793)">Battle of Froeschwiller</a> against <a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">Lazare Hoche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a>. After the French retreated over the Rhine at <a href="/wiki/Huningue" title="Huningue">Huningue</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, he directed the construction of its new fortifications.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1796, Fürstenberg commanded a division of four infantry battalions, 13 artillery pieces, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Freikorps" title="Freikorps">Freikorps</a></i> (Volunteers) <i>Gyulay</i> and secured the Rhine corridor between Kehl and <a href="/wiki/Rastatt" title="Rastatt">Rastatt</a>. On 26 June 1796, the French <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Rhine_and_Moselle" title="Army of the Rhine and Moselle">Army of the Rhine and Moselle</a> crossed the Rhine and chased the <a href="/wiki/Swabian_Circle" title="Swabian Circle">Swabian Circle's military contingent</a> out of Kehl. In June 1796, <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles</a> added the contingent to Fürstenberg's command, making him the <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabian</a>'s <i>Feldzeugmeister</i>, or General of Infantry. Fürstenberg's troops defended the imperial line at the town of Rastatt until support troops arrived, and they could make an orderly withdrawal into the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Upper Danube Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Swabian contingent was demobilized in July, and Fürstenberg returned to the command of Austrian regulars during the Austrian counter-offensive. At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Emmendingen" title="Battle of Emmendingen">Battle of Emmendingen</a> on 19 October 1796, his leadership was again instrumental in an Austrian victory. General <a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">Jean Victor Marie Moreau</a>'s Army of the Rhine-and-Moselle sought to retain a foothold on the eastern side of the Rhine, following his retreat from southwestern Germany west of the Black Forest. Fürstenberg held <a href="/wiki/Kenzingen" title="Kenzingen">Kenzingen</a>, 2.5 miles (4 km) north of <a href="/wiki/Riegel_am_Kaiserstuhl" title="Riegel am Kaiserstuhl">Riegel</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Elz_(Rhine)" title="Elz (Rhine)">Elz River</a>. Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg was ordered to <a href="/wiki/Feint" title="Feint">feint</a> against Riegel, to protect the primary Austrian positions at <a href="/wiki/Rust,_Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Rust, Baden-Württemberg">Rust</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kappel-Grafenhausen" title="Kappel-Grafenhausen">Kappel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schliengen" title="Battle of Schliengen">Battle of Schliengen</a> (24 October 1796), Fürstenberg commanded the second column of the Austrian force, which included nine battalions of infantry and 30 squadrons of cavalry; with these, he overwhelmed the force of General of Division <a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" title="Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr</a>, holding his position to prevent the French force from retreating north on the Rhine. While <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Anton_Karl,_Count_Baillet_de_Latour" title="Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour">Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour</a>, engaged the main Austrian force at Kehl, Archduke Charles entrusted to Lieutenant Field Marshal Fürstenberg the command of the forces besieging Huningue, which included two divisions with 20 battalions of infantry and 40 squadrons of cavalry. Charles' confidence in his young field marshal was well-placed. On 27 November, Fürstenberg's chief engineer opened and drained the water-filled moat protecting the French fortifications. Fürstenberg offered the commander of the bridgehead, General of Brigade <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charles_Abbatucci" title="Jean Charles Abbatucci">Jean Charles Abbatucci</a>, the opportunity to surrender, which he declined. In the night of 30 November to 1 December, Fürstenberg's force stormed the bridgehead twice, but was twice repulsed. In one of these attacks, the French commander was mortally wounded and died on 3 December. Fürstenberg maintained the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kehl_(1796%E2%80%9397)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Kehl (1796–97)">siege of Kehl</a> while Archduke Charles engaged the stronger French force to the north of Kehl.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the French capitulation at Kehl (10 January 1797), Fürstenberg received additional forces with which he could end the siege at Hüningen. He ordered the reinforcement of the ring of soldiers surrounding Hüningen and, on 2 February 1797, the Austrians prepared to storm the bridgehead. General of Division <a href="/wiki/Georges_Joseph_Dufour" title="Georges Joseph Dufour">Georges Joseph Dufour</a>, the new French commander, pre-empted what would have been a costly attack, by offering to surrender the bridge. On 5 February, Fürstenberg finally took possession of the bridgehead. Francis II, the Holy Roman Emperor, appointed him as <a href="/wiki/Inhaber" title="Inhaber">Colonel and Proprietor</a> of the 36th Infantry Regiment, which bore his name until his death in battle in 1799.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peace">Peace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Peace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Coalition forces—Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain, Sardinia, among others—achieved several victories at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)" title="Battle of Verdun (1792)">Verdun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaiserslautern" title="Battle of Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neerwinden_(1793)" title="Battle of Neerwinden (1793)">Neerwinden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mainz" title="Battle of Mainz">Mainz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amberg" title="Battle of Amberg">Amberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Battle of Würzburg">Würzburg</a>, but in northern Italy, they could neither lift nor escape the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mantua_(1796%E2%80%931797)" title="Siege of Mantua (1796–1797)">siege at Mantua</a>. The efforts of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> Bonaparte in northern <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">Italy</a> pushed Austrian forces to the border of Habsburg lands. Napoleon dictated a cease-fire at <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Leoben" title="Peace of Leoben">Leoben</a> on 17 April 1797, leading to the formal <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a>, which went into effect on 17 October 1797. Austria withdrew from the territories the army had fought so hard to acquire, including the strategic river crossings at Hüningen and Kehl, as well as key cities further north.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the war ended, Fürstenberg stayed at the <a href="/wiki/Donaueschingen" title="Donaueschingen">Donaueschingen</a> estate of his cousin, Karl Joachim Aloys, who had recently inherited the family title as <i>Fürst zu Fürstenberg</i>. Later in 1797, he traveled to Prague and remained with his family until May 1798, when he received a posting to a new division in <a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His daughter, Maria Anna, was born after he left, on 17 September 1798.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activities_in_the_Second_Coalition">Activities in the Second Coalition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Activities in the Second Coalition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Second_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a></div> <p>Despite the longed-for peace, tensions grew between France and most of the First Coalition allies, either separately or jointly. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand IV of Naples</a> refused to pay agreed-upon tribute to France, and his subjects followed this refusal with a rebellion. The French invaded Naples and established the <a href="/wiki/Parthenopaean_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parthenopaean Republic">Parthenopaean Republic</a>. A republican uprising in the Swiss cantons, encouraged by the French Republic which offered military support, led to the overthrow of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Confederation">Swiss Confederation</a> and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his way to <a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_invasion_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon's invasion of Egypt">Egypt</a> in Spring 1798, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> had stopped on the <a href="/wiki/Malta#History" title="Malta">Island of Malta</a> and removed the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Hospitallers</a> from their possessions. This angered <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul, Tsar of Russia</a>, who was the honorary head of the Order. The ongoing <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Siege of Malta (1798–1800)">French occupation</a> of Malta angered the British, who dedicated themselves to ejecting the French garrison at Valletta. The <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">French Directory</a> was convinced that the Austrians were conniving to start another war. Indeed, the weaker the French Republic seemed, the more seriously the Austrians, the Neapolitans, the Russians, and the British actually discussed this possibility.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Franzosen_Staatsschatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A population celebrates while soldiers escort a secured wagon of material through the city. A pair of twin spires tower above the city, indicating the city is Zurich, Switzerland." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Franzosen_Staatsschatz.jpg/170px-Franzosen_Staatsschatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Franzosen_Staatsschatz.jpg/255px-Franzosen_Staatsschatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Franzosen_Staatsschatz.jpg/340px-Franzosen_Staatsschatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption>In this caricature about the <a href="/wiki/Helvetic_Republic" title="Helvetic Republic">Helvetic Republic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a> (8 May 1798), people from Zürich dance around a tree as a symbol for freedom and revolution while French troops carry away the treasure of the overthrown City-State of Zürich.</figcaption></figure> <p>As winter broke on 1 March 1799, General <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Jourdan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Baptiste Jourdan">Jean Baptiste Jourdan</a> and his 25,000-man <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Danube" title="Army of the Danube">Army of the Danube</a> crossed the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> at Kehl.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Army of the Danube met little resistance as it advanced through the Black Forest and eventually took a flanking position on the north shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instructed to block the Austrians from access to the Swiss alpine passes, Jourdan planned to isolate the armies of the Coalition in Germany from allies in northern Italy, and prevent them from assisting one another. His was a preemptive strike. By crossing the Rhine in early March, Jourdan acted before Archduke Charles' army could be reinforced by Austria's Russian allies, who had agreed to send 60,000 seasoned soldiers and their more-seasoned commander, <a href="/wiki/Generalissimo" title="Generalissimo">Generalissimo</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov">Alexander Suvorov</a>. Furthermore, if the French held the interior passes in Switzerland, they could not only prevent the Austrians from transferring troops between northern Italy and southwestern Germany, but could use the routes to move their own forces between the two theaters.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Ostrach">Battle of Ostrach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Battle of Ostrach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Battle of Ostrach</a></div> <p>At the outbreak of hostilities in March 1799, Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg was with his troops in Bavarian territory, just north of the <a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">free and Imperial</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>. When news reached the Austrian camp that the French had crossed the Rhine, Charles ordered the imperial army to advance west. Fürstenberg moved his troops toward Augsburg, crossing the <a href="/wiki/Lech_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lech River">Lech River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French advanced guard arrived in <a href="/wiki/Ostrach" title="Ostrach">Ostrach</a> on 8–9 March, and over the next week skirmished with the Austrian forward posts, while the rest of the French army arrived. Jourdan disposed his 25,000 troops along a line from <a href="/wiki/Salem_Abbey" title="Salem Abbey">Salem Abbey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Constance" title="Lake Constance">Lake Constance</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> river, centered in Ostrach. He established his command headquarters at the imperial city of <a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a>, overlooking the entire Ostrach valley. Jourdan was expecting <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Vandamme" title="Dominique Vandamme">Dominique Vandamme</a>'s troops to arrive in time to support his far north flank near the river, but Vandamme had gone to <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> to investigate a rumored presence of Austrian troops there and had not rejoined the main army. Consequently, the French left flank, under command of <a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" title="Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">Gouvion Saint-Cyr</a>, was thinly manned. Jourdan thought he had more time, expecting Charles would need still three or four days to move his troops across the Lech, and march to Ostrach, but by the middle of Holy Week in 1799, more than a third of Charles' army, 48,000 mixed troops, was positioned in a formation parallel to Jourdan's, and his 72,000 remaining troops were arrayed with the left wing at <a href="/wiki/Kempten" title="Kempten">Kempten</a>, the center near <a href="/wiki/Memmingen" title="Memmingen">Memmingen</a>, and the right flank extended to <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 21 March, the French and Austrian outposts overlapped, and skirmishing intensified. Charles had divided his force into four columns. Fürstenberg covered the northern flank of the Archduke's main force. Fürstenberg's force pushed the French out of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Davidsweiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davidsweiler (page does not exist)">Davidsweiler</a>, and then advanced on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruppersweiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruppersweiler (page does not exist)">Ruppersweiler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a>, 5 kilometers (3 mi) to the northwest of Ostrach. Saint-Cyr did not have the manpower to defend the position, and the entire line fell back to Ostrach, with Fürstenberg's troops pressuring their withdrawal.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fürstenberg's persistent pressure on the French left flank was instrumental in the collapse of the northern part of the French line. After their success in driving the French back from <a href="/wiki/Ostrach" title="Ostrach">Ostrach</a>, and then from the heights of <a href="/wiki/Pfullendorf" title="Pfullendorf">Pfullendorf</a>, the Austrian forces continued to press the French back to Stockach, and then another five miles or so to <a href="/wiki/Engen,_Germany" title="Engen, Germany">Engen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_at_the_Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)"><span id="Death_at_the_Battle_of_Stockach_.281799.29"></span>Death at the Battle of Stockach (1799)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death at the Battle of Stockach (1799)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach (1799)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schlacht_bei_Liptingen_1799_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Schlacht_bei_Liptingen_1799_2.jpg/220px-Schlacht_bei_Liptingen_1799_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Schlacht_bei_Liptingen_1799_2.jpg/330px-Schlacht_bei_Liptingen_1799_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Schlacht_bei_Liptingen_1799_2.jpg/440px-Schlacht_bei_Liptingen_1799_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="558" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Death of Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg while leading Austrian infantry during the battle of Stockach.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the morning of what they suspected would be the general engagement, Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg sought out the field chaplain, and requested the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Sacraments">sacraments</a> because, as he told his aide, anything can happen during a battle. Although Ostrach had been a hard-fought battle, at Engen and Stockach, the Austrian and French forces were far more concentrated—more men in a smaller space—than they had been at Ostrach, where the French forces in particular had been stretched thinly on a long line from Lake Constance to north of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>. At Stockach, furthermore, Jourdan had all his troops under his direct control, with the possible exception of <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Vandamme" title="Dominique Vandamme">Dominique Vandamme</a>, who was maneuvering his small force of cavalry and light infantry into position to attempt a flanking action on the far right Austrian flank.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the course of the battle, Jourdan's forces were supposed to engage in simultaneous attacks on the left, center and right of the Austrian line.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the French right, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Souham" title="Joseph Souham">Souham</a>'s and Ferino's Corps met with strong resistance and were stopped; on the French left, Lefebvre's troops charged with such force that the Austrians were pushed back. Having stopped Souham's and Ferino's assault, Charles had troops available to counter Lefebvre's force. At that point, Vandamme's men moved into action.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because Souham's assault at the center had been stalled, Charles still had enough men to turn part of his force to fight this new threat, but the Austrians were hard pressed and the action furious. At one point, Charles attempted to lead his eight battalions of Hungarian grenadiers into action, to the dismay of the old soldiers. Fürstenberg reportedly said that while he lived, he would not leave this post (at the head of the grenadiers) and the Archduke should not dismount and fight.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Fürstenberg led the Hungarian grenadiers into the battle, he was cut down by a canister and case shot employed by the French.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he was carried alive off the field, he died almost immediately. Charles ultimately did lead his grenadiers into battle, and reportedly his personal bravery rallied his troops to push back the French.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the battle, someone removed Fürstenberg's wedding ring and returned it to his wife in Prague, with news of his death; Fürstenberg was buried at the battlefield cemetery in Stockach, and his cousin erected a small monument there,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in 1857, his body was moved to the family cemetery, <i>Maria Hof</i> at Neudingen, near Donaueschingen.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adel_im_Wandel334.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Formal portrait, half length, of a young, dark haired woman; her hair is plaited around her head, with curls framing her face. She is wearing a diaphanous shawl around her shoulders, over a short-sleeved gown which shows a great deal of decolletage." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Adel_im_Wandel334.jpg/220px-Adel_im_Wandel334.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Adel_im_Wandel334.jpg/330px-Adel_im_Wandel334.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Adel_im_Wandel334.jpg/440px-Adel_im_Wandel334.jpg 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>Princess Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis, who married Karl Aloys in 1790.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/House_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg_(Swabia)" title="House of Fürstenberg (Swabia)">House of Fürstenberg (Swabia)</a></div> <p>Upon the death of Prosper Ferdinand, Count Fürstenberg, in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>, in 1704 the Fürstenberg inheritance was divided between the count's two youngest sons, Joseph Wilhelm Ernst and Wilhelm Egon; the eldest son was an ecclesiastic. The family of Fürstenberg was raised to princely status 2 February 1716, with the elevation of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilhelm_Ernst,_Prince_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Joseph Wilhelm Ernst, Prince of Fürstenberg">Joseph Wilhelm Ernst</a> (1699 – 1762), as the first Prince of Fürstenberg (German: <i>Fürst zu Fürstenberg</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Joseph Wilhelm Ernst died in 1762, leaving two sons: the elder son, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wenzel,_Prince_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Joseph Wenzel, Prince of Fürstenberg">Joseph Wenzel</a>, succeeded him as the second prince. The younger son, Karl Egon (1729 – 1786), served as a governor in Bohemia. Joseph Wenzel's line died out in 1804, and Karl Aloys's son <a href="/wiki/Charles_Egon_II,_Prince_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Charles Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg">Karl Egon II</a> succeeded as the fifth and final Prince of Fürstenberg, before the house was mediatised in 1806, due to <a href="/wiki/German_mediatisation" title="German mediatisation">German mediatisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Children of Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg and <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Elisabeth zu Fürstenberg">Elizabeth, Princess of Thurn und Taxis</a>, were: </p> <ul><li>Marie Leopoldine (Prague, 4 September 1791 – <a href="/wiki/Kupferzell" title="Kupferzell">Kupferzell</a>, 10 January 1844); married at <a href="/wiki/Heiligenberg" title="Heiligenberg">Heiligenberg</a>, 20 May 1813 to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_III,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsf%C3%BCrst" title="Charles Albert III, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst">Charles Albert III, Prince of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst</a> (Vienna, 29 February 1776 – <a href="/wiki/Bad_Mergentheim" title="Bad Mergentheim">Bad Mergentheim</a>, 15 June 1843)</li> <li>Maria Josepha (9 September 1792)</li> <li>Antonie (28 October 1794 – 1 October 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Egon_II,_Prince_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Charles Egon II, Prince of Fürstenberg">Karl Egon II</a> (Prague, 28 October 1796 – <a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a>, 22 October 1854), succeeded his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Joachim,_Prince_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Karl Joachim, Prince of Fürstenberg">Karl Joachim</a>, as the fifth Prince of Fürstenberg in 1804. He married on 19 April 1818, to <a href="/wiki/Amalie_of_Baden" title="Amalie of Baden">Amalie of Baden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe" title="Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a>, 26 January 1795 – Karlsruhe, 14 September 1869).</li> <li>Maria Anna, 17 September 1798 – 18 July 1799<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. Prosper, Landgrave of Fürstenberg-Stühlingen</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilhelm_Ernst,_Prince_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Joseph Wilhelm Ernst, Prince of Fürstenberg">Joseph Wilhelm Ernst, Prince of Fürstenberg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. Countess Sophie von Königsegg-Rothenfels</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. Charles Egon I, Prince of Fürstenberg</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. Count Johann Josef von Waldstein-Wartenberg</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. Countess Maria Anna von Waldstein-Wartenberg</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Countess Eleonore Maria von Waldstein</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Karl Aloys, Prince of Fürstenberg</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. Count Franz Damian von Sternberg</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. Count Franz Philipp von Sternberg</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. Countess Maria Josepha von und zu Trauttmansdorff</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. Countess Maria Josepha von Sternberg</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. Count Conrad Sigmund von Starhemberg</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. Countess Leopoldine von Starhemberg</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. Princess Maria Leopoldine zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Digby Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/Austria/AustrianGenerals/c_AustrianGeneralsF.html#F37">"Fürstenberg"</a>. Leonard Kudrna and Digby Smith, compilers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/Austria/AustrianGenerals/c_AustrianGeneralsIntro.html"><i>A Biographical Dictionary of all Austrian Generals during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars</i></a>. Napoleon series.org. Robert Burnham, editor in chief. January 2008. Accessed 7 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Ernst Hermann Joseph Münch. <i>Geschichte des Hauses und Landes Fürstenberg</i>. Aachen: Mayer, 1847, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Jens-Florian Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/">Napoleon Online: Portal zu Epoch</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000408223833/http://www.napoleon-online.de/">Archived</a> 2000-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Markus Stein, editor. Mannheim, Germany. 14 February 2010 version. Accessed 28 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/Austria/AustrianGenerals/c_AustrianGeneralsF.html#F37">"Fürstenberg"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Jens-Florian Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Herold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquesatoz.com/habsburg/1812/austarmy.htm"><i>The Austrian Army in 1812</i>.</a> In: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquesatoz.com/napoleon/"><i>Le Societé Napoléonienne</i>.</a> Accessed 31 December 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Münch, p. 331. Princess Elisabeth of <a href="/wiki/Thurn_und_Taxis" title="Thurn und Taxis">Thurn und Taxis</a> (Regensburg, 30 November 1767 – 21 July 1822), was the youngest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ferdinand,_3rd_Prince_of_Thurn_and_Taxis" title="Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis">Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy Blanning. <i>The French Revolutionary Wars</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-56911-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-56911-5">0-340-56911-5</a>, pp. 41–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, pp. 31–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Jens-Florian Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/Austria/AustrianGenerals/c_AustrianGeneralsF.html#F37">"Fürstenberg"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Rickard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_emmendingen.html">"Battle of Emmendingen," 19 October 1796</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofwar.org"><i>History of War</i></a>. Peter D. Antill, Tristan Dugdale-Pointon and J. Rickard, editors. February 2009 update. Accessed 7 October 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blanning, pp. 41–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Münch, pp. 331–336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blanning, pp. 230–232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Gallagher. <i>Napoleon's enfant terrible: General Dominique Vandamme,</i> Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3875-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3875-6">978-0-8061-3875-6</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Young, D.D. <i>A History of the Commencement, Progress, and Termination of the Late War between Great Britain and France which continued from the first day of February 1793 to the first of October 1801</i>, in two volumes. Edinburg: Turnbull, 1802, vol. 2, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rothenberg, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rothenberg, pp. 70–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramsey Weston Phipps, <i>The Armies of the First French Republic,</i> volume 5: "The armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt and the <i>coup d'etat</i> of <i>Brumaire</i>, 1797–1799," Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phipps, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Cust (Sir). <i>Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century, compiled from the most authentic histories of the period.</i> London: Mitchell's military library, 1857–1860, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phipps, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phipps, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Münch, p. 330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phipps, pp. 49–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Münch, p. 335.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Ebert, "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg," <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a more complete description of the history of this family, see the entry by Hugh Chisholm. "Fürstenberg". <i>The Encyclopædia Britannica: a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information.</i> Cambridge, England, New York: At the University Press, 1910–11 or <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Ernst Hermann Joseph Münch; Carl Borromäus Alois Fickler. <i>Geschichte des Hauses und Landes Fürstenberg: aus Urkunden und den besten Quellen.</i> Aachen: Mayer, 1847.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Münch, pp. 318, 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Münch, pp. 316–336.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T._C._W._Blanning" title="T. C. W. Blanning">Blanning, Timothy</a>. <i>The French Revolutionary Wars</i>, New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-56911-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-56911-5">0-340-56911-5</a>.</li> <li>Chisholm, Hugh. "Fürstenberg". <i>The Encyclopædia Britannica; a Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information.</i> Cambridge, England, New York: At the University Press, 1910–11.</li> <li>Cust, Edward (Sir). <i>Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century, compiled from the most authentic histories of the period.</i> London: Mitchell's military library, 1857–1860.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Ebert, Jens-Florian. "Feldmarschall-Leutnant Fürst zu Fürstenberg." <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/AU_Generale/index.html">Die Österreichischen Generäle 1792–1815</a>.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-online.de/">Napoleon Online: Portal zu Epoch</a>. Markus Stein, editor. Mannheim, Germany. 14 February 2010 version. Accessed 5 February 2010.</li> <li>Herold, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquesatoz.com/habsburg/1812/austarmy.htm"><i>The Austrian Army in 1812</i>.</a> In: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquesatoz.com/napoleon/"><i>Le Societé Napoléonienne</i>.</a> Accessed 31 December 2009.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> Münch, Ernst Hermann Joseph; Carl Borromäus Alois Fickler. <i>Geschichte des Hauses und Landes Fürstenberg: aus Urkunden und den besten Quellen.</i> Aachen: Mayer, 1847.</li> <li>Phipps, Ramsey Weston. <i>The Armies of the First French Republic,</i> volume 5: "The armies of the Rhine in Switzerland, Holland, Italy, Egypt and the coup d'etat of Brumaire, 1797–799," Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1939, pp. 49–50.</li> <li>Rickard, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_emmendingen.html">Battle of Emmendingen, 19 October 1796</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofwar.org">History of War</a></i>. Peter D. Antill, Tristan Dugdale-Pointon and J. Rickard, editors. February 2009 update. Accessed 7 October 2009.</li> <li>Smith, Digby. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/Austria/AustrianGenerals/c_AustrianGeneralsF.html#F37">"Fürstenberg"</a>. Leonard Kudrna and Digby Smith, compilers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/Austria/AustrianGenerals/c_AustrianGeneralsIntro.html"><i>A biographical dictionary of all Austrian Generals during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.Napoleon-series.org">Napoleon Series</a>. Robert Burnham, editor in chief. January 2008 version. Accessed 7 October 2009.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Marek, Miroslav. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genealogy.euweb.cz/furstbg/furstenbg3.html#JWE">House of Fürstenberg: Karl Aloys (F3)</a>. Version 2008. Accessed 20 January 2010.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Franz_de_Paula_Ulrich,_Prince_Kinsky_of_Wchinitz_und_Tettau" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz de Paula Ulrich, Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz und Tettau">Franz de Paula Ulrich, Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz und Tettau</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Proprietor_(Inhaber)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietor (Inhaber)">Proprietor (Inhaber)</a> of Infantry Regiment N°36 </b><br />1797–1799 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Kollowrat" title="Johann Kollowrat">Johann Kollowrat</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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