CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Knights Hospitaller - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"db40dc06-5e8d-4838-a942-7663dd248b8e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Knights_Hospitaller","wgTitle":"Knights Hospitaller","wgCurRevisionId":1274801093,"wgRevisionId":1274801093,"wgArticleId":8055956,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference","Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference","CS1 Maltese-language sources (mt)","Source attribution","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from June 2022","Articles containing Latin-language text","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from November 2018","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Commons category link from Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","Knights Hospitaller","1113 establishments in Asia","1113 establishments in Europe","Religious organizations established in the 1110s"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Knights_Hospitaller","wgRelevantArticleId":8055956,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags" :0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q187549","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/1200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1399"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/800px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="933"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/640px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="746"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Knights Hospitaller - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Knights_Hospitaller rootpage-Knights_Hospitaller skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Knights+Hospitaller" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Knights+Hospitaller" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Knights+Hospitaller" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Knights+Hospitaller" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundation_and_early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_and_early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation and early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_and_early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knights_of_Cyprus_and_Rhodes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knights_of_Cyprus_and_Rhodes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Knights of Cyprus and Rhodes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knights_of_Cyprus_and_Rhodes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knights_of_Malta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knights_of_Malta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Knights of Malta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knights_of_Malta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reconquista_of_the_sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconquista_of_the_sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span><i>Reconquista</i> of the sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconquista_of_the_sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turmoil_in_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turmoil_in_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Turmoil in Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turmoil_in_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loss_of_Malta_and_decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loss_of_Malta_and_decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Loss of Malta and decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loss_of_Malta_and_decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Successors_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successors_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Successors of the Knights Hospitaller</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Successors_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Successors of the Knights Hospitaller subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Successors_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sovereign Military Order of Malta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_Saint_John" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_Saint_John"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Order of Saint John</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_Saint_John-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Most_Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Most_Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Most Venerable Order of Saint John</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Most_Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Self-styled_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-styled_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Self-styled orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-styled_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hierarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hierarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hierarchy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hierarchy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hierarchy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hierarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Headquarters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Princes_and_Grand_Masters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princes_and_Grand_Masters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Princes and Grand Masters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princes_and_Grand_Masters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personalities_of_the_Hospital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personalities_of_the_Hospital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Personalities of the Hospital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personalities_of_the_Hospital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fortifications_and_locales_of_the_Hospital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fortifications_and_locales_of_the_Hospital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Fortifications and locales of the Hospital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fortifications_and_locales_of_the_Hospital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_topics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_topics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Related topics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_topics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Knights Hospitaller</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_van_die_Johanniters" title="Orde van die Johanniters – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Orde van die Johanniters" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="فرسان الإسبتارية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرسان الإسبتارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_d%27o_Hespital" title="Orden d'o Hespital – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Orden d'o Hespital" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_de_San_Xuan_de_Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Orde de San Xuan de Xerusalén – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Orde de San Xuan de Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malta_ordeni" title="Malta ordeni – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Malta ordeni" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="নাইটস হস্পিটালার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাইটস হস্পিটালার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Гаспітальеры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гаспітальеры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Хоспиталиери – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хоспиталиери" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urzh_Sant_Yann_Jeruzalem" title="Urzh Sant Yann Jeruzalem – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Urzh Sant Yann Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_de_Sant_Joan_de_Jerusalem" title="Orde de Sant Joan de Jerusalem – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Orde de Sant Joan de Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt%C3%A9zsk%C3%BD_%C5%99%C3%A1d" title="Maltézský řád – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Maltézský řád" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchogion_yr_Ysbyty" title="Marchogion yr Ysbyty – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Marchogion yr Ysbyty" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanniterordenen" title="Johanniterordenen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johanniterordenen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_des_Johanniterordens" title="Geschichte des Johanniterordens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte des Johanniterordens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9_%CE%99%CF%80%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Οσπιτάλιοι Ιππότες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οσπιτάλιοι Ιππότες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_de_San_Juan_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orden de San Juan de Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordeno_de_Sankta_Johano" title="Ordeno de Sankta Johano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ordeno de Sankta Johano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospitaleko_Zaldunak" title="Ospitaleko Zaldunak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ospitaleko Zaldunak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="شوالیه‌های مهمان‌نواز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شوالیه‌های مهمان‌نواز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_de_Saint-Jean_de_J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%ED%98%B8%EA%B8%B0%EC%82%AC%EB%8B%A8" title="구호기사단 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구호기사단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հիվանդախնամների միաբանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիվանդախնամների միաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanovci" title="Ivanovci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivanovci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesatria_Hospitalaria" title="Kesatria Hospitalaria – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kesatria Hospitalaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3hannesarriddarar" title="Jóhannesarriddarar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jóhannesarriddarar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospitalieri_di_San_Giovanni_di_Gerusalemme" title="Ospitalieri di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ospitalieri di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הוספיטלרים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הוספיטלרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ჰოსპიტალიერები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰოსპიტალიერები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_Hospitalis" title="Ordo Hospitalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ordo Hospitalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltas_orde%C5%86a_v%C4%93sture" title="Maltas ordeņa vēsture – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maltas ordeņa vēsture" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavaleros_de_la_Ospital_de_San_Joan" title="Cavaleros de la Ospital de San Joan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cavaleros de la Ospital de San Joan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болничари – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Болничари" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="فرسان الاسبتاريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرسان الاسبتاريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesateria_Hospital" title="Kesateria Hospital – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kesateria Hospital" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_van_Sint-Jan" title="Orde van Sint-Jan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orde van Sint-Jan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8D%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A3" title="聖ヨハネ騎士団 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="聖ヨハネ騎士団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanitterordenen" title="Johanitterordenen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johanitterordenen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_de_Saint-Jean_de_J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Orde de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Orde de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92rdre_de_Sant_Joan_de_Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Òrdre de Sant Joan de Jerusalèm – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Òrdre de Sant Joan de Jerusalèm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanniterorden" title="Johanniterorden – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Johanniterorden" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szpitalnicy" title="Szpitalnicy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szpitalnicy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinul_Ospitalierilor" title="Ordinul Ospitalierilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ordinul Ospitalierilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Госпитальеры – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Госпитальеры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalor%C3%ABsit_Hospitaler" title="Kalorësit Hospitaler – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kalorësit Hospitaler" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavaleri_Uspitaleri" title="Cavaleri Uspitaleri – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cavaleri Uspitaleri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Knights Hospitaller" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malte%C5%A1ki_vite%C5%A1ki_red" title="Malteški viteški red – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Malteški viteški red" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Хоспиталци – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хоспиталци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malte%C5%A1ki_red" title="Malteški red – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malteški red" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanniittain_ritarikunta" title="Johanniittain ritarikunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johanniittain ritarikunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanniterorden" title="Johanniterorden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johanniterorden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="คณะอัศวินบริบาล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คณะอัศวินบริบาล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalier_%C5%9E%C3%B6valyeleri" title="Hospitalier Şövalyeleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hospitalier Şövalyeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%94%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Госпітальєри – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Госпітальєри" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BB%87p_s%C4%A9_C%E1%BB%A9u_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Hiệp sĩ Cứu tế – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiệp sĩ Cứu tế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="医院骑士团 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="医院骑士团" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB%E5%9B%A2" title="医院骑士团 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="医院骑士团" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187549#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Knights_Hospitaller" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Knights_Hospitaller" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Knights_Hospitaller" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&oldid=1274801093" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Knights_Hospitaller&id=1274801093&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKnights_Hospitaller"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKnights_Hospitaller"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Knights_Hospitaller&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Order_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q187549" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Catholic military order, 1113–present</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Order of Saint John" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Order of Saint John (disambiguation)">Order of Saint John (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hospitaller" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hospitaller (disambiguation)">Hospitaller (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Knights Hospitaller of Saint John of Jerusalem</li><li><small><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Fraternitas Hospitalaria</i></span></small></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/140px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/210px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/280px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Coat of arms</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">eight-pointed cross</a> used by Hospitallers during the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">15 February 1113–present</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_(2001%E2%80%932023).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/17px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/26px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/34px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1165" data-file-height="1295" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">The</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">military order</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">Headquarters</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes_(city)" title="Rhodes (city)">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birgu" title="Birgu">Birgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">The "Religion"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Patron</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Philermos" title="Our Lady of Philermos">Our Lady of Philermos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Black and white</li> <li>Red and white</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damascus_(1148)" title="Siege of Damascus (1148)">Siege of Damascus (1148)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon" title="Siege of Ascalon">Siege of Ascalon</a> (1153)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_invasions_of_Egypt" title="Crusader invasions of Egypt">Crusader invasions of Egypt</a> (1163–9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cresson" title="Battle of Cresson">Battle of Cresson</a> (1187)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hattin" title="Battle of Hattin">Battle of Hattin</a> (1187)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">Siege of Jerusalem (1187)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Siege of Belvoir Castle">Siege of Belvoir Castle</a> (1187-9)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sahyun_Castle" title="Siege of Sahyun Castle">Siege of Sahyun Castle</a> (1188)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1188)" title="Siege of Safed (1188)">Siege of Safed (1188)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)" title="Siege of Acre (1189–1191)">Siege of Acre (1189–1191)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">Battle of Arsuf</a> (1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Las_Navas_de_Tolosa" title="Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa">Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa</a> (1212)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alc%C3%A1cer_do_Sal" title="Siege of Alcácer do Sal">Siege of Alcácer do Sal</a> (1217)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mount_Tabor" title="Siege of Mount Tabor">Siege of Mount Tabor</a> (1217)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1219)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1219)">Battle of Fariskur (1219)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1221)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1221)">Battle of Mansurah (1221)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Majorca" title="Conquest of Majorca">Conquest of Majorca</a> (1228)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Burriana" title="Siege of Burriana">Siege of Burriana</a> (1233)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon_(1247)" title="Siege of Ascalon (1247)">Siege of Ascalon (1247)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Arsuf" title="Fall of Arsuf">Fall of Arsuf</a> (1265)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Haifa_(1265)" title="Fall of Haifa (1265)">Fall of Haifa (1265)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1266)" title="Siege of Safed (1266)">Siege of Safed (1266)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Fall of Krak des Chevaliers">Fall of Krak des Chevaliers</a> (1271)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Homs" title="Second Battle of Homs">Second Battle of Homs</a> (1281)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Margat" title="Siege of Margat">Siege of Margat</a> (1282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tripoli_(1289)" title="Fall of Tripoli (1289)">Fall of Tripoli (1289)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">Siege of Acre (1291)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_conquest_of_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes">Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amorgos_(1312)" title="Battle of Amorgos (1312)">Battle of Amorgos (1312)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(1319)" title="Battle of Chios (1319)">Battle of Chios (1319)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhodes_(1320)" title="Battle of Rhodes (1320)">Battle of Rhodes (1320)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adramyttion_(1334)" title="Battle of Adramyttion (1334)">Battle of Adramyttion (1334)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pallene" title="Battle of Pallene">Battle of Pallene</a> (1344)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imbros_(1347)" title="Battle of Imbros (1347)">Battle of Imbros (1347)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megara_(1359)" title="Battle of Megara (1359)">Battle of Megara (1359)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo</a> (1389)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">Battle of Nicopolis</a> (1396)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smyrna" title="Siege of Smyrna">Siege of Smyrna</a> (1402)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1444)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1444)">Siege of Rhodes (1444)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_conquest_of_Lesbos" title="Ottoman conquest of Lesbos">Ottoman conquest of Lesbos</a> (1462)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1463%E2%80%931479)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)">Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1480)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1480)">Siege of Rhodes (1480)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1522)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1522)">Siege of Rhodes (1522)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preveza" title="Battle of Preveza">Battle of Preveza</a> (1538)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1541)" title="Algiers expedition (1541)">Algiers expedition (1541)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Mahdia_(1550)" title="Capture of Mahdia (1550)">Capture of Mahdia (1550)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Gozo_(1551)" title="Invasion of Gozo (1551)">Invasion of Gozo (1551)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1551)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1551)">Siege of Tripoli (1551)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djerba" title="Battle of Djerba">Battle of Djerba</a> (1560)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verbia" title="Battle of Verbia">Battle of Verbia</a> (1561)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta</a> (1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_1570" class="mw-redirect" title="Action of 1570">Action of 1570</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Battle of Lepanto</a> (1571)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pantelleria_(1586)" title="Battle of Pantelleria (1586)">Battle of Pantelleria (1586)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_1595" title="Action of 1595">Action of 1595</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hammamet" title="Battle of Hammamet">Battle of Hammamet</a> (1605)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Reis_the_Elder#Mediterranean_campaigns" title="Murat Reis the Elder">Campaign of Cyprus (1609)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_%C5%BBejtun" title="Raid on Żejtun">Raid on Żejtun</a> (1614)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(1621)" title="Battle of Chios (1621)">Battle of Chios (1621)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palermo_(1624)" title="Battle of Palermo (1624)">Battle of Palermo (1624)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Tunis" title="Battle of the Gulf of Tunis">Battle of the Gulf of Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dalmatian_Coast" title="Battle of the Dalmatian Coast">Battle of the Dalmatian Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_26_June_1625" title="Action of 26 June 1625">Action of 26 June 1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_28_September_1644" title="Action of 28 September 1644">Action of 28 September 1644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1656)" title="Battle of the Dardanelles (1656)">Battle of the Dardanelles (1656)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1657)" title="Battle of the Dardanelles (1657)">Battle of the Dardanelles (1657)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_27_August_1661" title="Action of 27 August 1661">Action of 27 August 1661</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djidjelli_expedition" title="Djidjelli expedition">Djidjelli expedition</a> (1664)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">Siege of Candia</a> (1668)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Matapan" title="Battle of Matapan">Battle of Matapan</a> (1717)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1784)" title="Bombardment of Algiers (1784)">Bombardment of Algiers (1784)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">French invasion of Malta</a> (1798)</li> <li>Other service in European navies.</li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">First <a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller">Grand Master</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Gerard" title="Blessed Gerard">Gérard de Martigues</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Current Grand Master</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_T._Dunlap" title="John T. Dunlap">John T. Dunlap</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Parisot_de_Valette" title="Jean Parisot de Valette">Jean Parisot de Valette</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Villiers_de_L%27Isle-Adam" title="Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam">Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Garnier_de_Nablus" title="Garnier de Nablus">Garnier de Nablus</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani</i>), commonly known as the <b>Knights Hospitaller</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span></span>/</a></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">military order</a>. It was founded in the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">crusader</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> in the 12th century and had headquarters there until 1291, thereafter being based in <a href="/wiki/Kolossi_Castle" title="Kolossi Castle">Kolossi Castle</a> in Cyprus (1302–1310), the island of <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Rhodes</a> (1310–1522), <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Malta</a> (1530–1798), and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> (1799–1801). </p><p>The Hospitallers arose in the early 12th century at the height of the <a href="/wiki/Cluniac_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluniac Reform">Cluniac movement</a>, a reformist movement within the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Benedictine monastic order</a> that sought to strengthen religious devotion and charity for the poor. Earlier in the 11th century, merchants from <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a> founded a <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> dedicated to <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> where Benedictine monks cared for sick, poor, or injured Christian <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrims</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>. <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Gerard" title="Blessed Gerard">Blessed Gerard</a>, a lay brother of the Benedictine order, became its head when it was established. After the Christian <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">conquest of Jerusalem in 1099</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>, the Hospitallers rose in prominence and were <a href="/wiki/Pie_postulatio_voluntatis" title="Pie postulatio voluntatis">recognized</a> as a distinct order by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a> in 1113. </p><p>The Order of Saint John was militarized in the 1120s and 1130s, hiring knights that later became Hospitallers. The organization became a military religious order under its own papal charter, charged with the care and defence of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>, and fought in the Crusades until the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">Siege of Acre</a> in 1291. Following the <a href="/wiki/Crusades#Ninth_Crusade_1271–1272" title="Crusades">reconquest of the Holy Land by Islamic forces</a>, the knights operated from Rhodes, over which they were <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a>, and later from Malta, where they administered a <a href="/wiki/Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal state</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spanish</a> viceroy of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a>. The Hospitallers were one of the smallest groups to have colonized parts of the Americas, briefly acquiring four <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> islands in the mid-17th century, which they turned over to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> in the 1660s. </p><p>The knights became divided during the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, when rich <a href="/wiki/Commanderies_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Commanderies of the Order of Saint John">commanderies of the order</a> in northern Germany and the Netherlands became Protestant and largely separated from the Catholic main stem, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">remaining separate to this day</a>; modern <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecumenical">ecumenical</a> relations between the descendant chivalric orders are amicable. The order was suppressed in England, Denmark, and other parts of northern Europe, and was further damaged by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">capture of Malta</a> in 1798, after which it dispersed throughout Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, five organizations continue the traditions of the Knights Hospitaller and have mutually recognised each other: the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(chartered_1888)" title="Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)">Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_in_the_Netherlands" title="Order of Saint John in the Netherlands">Order of Saint John in the Netherlands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_in_Sweden" title="Order of Saint John in Sweden">Order of Saint John in Sweden</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_early_history">Foundation and early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation and early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller_in_the_Levant" title="History of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant">History of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piae_Postulatio_Voluntatis_bull_of_Pope_Paschal_II,_1113.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Piae_Postulatio_Voluntatis_bull_of_Pope_Paschal_II%2C_1113.jpg/150px-Piae_Postulatio_Voluntatis_bull_of_Pope_Paschal_II%2C_1113.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Piae_Postulatio_Voluntatis_bull_of_Pope_Paschal_II%2C_1113.jpg/225px-Piae_Postulatio_Voluntatis_bull_of_Pope_Paschal_II%2C_1113.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Piae_Postulatio_Voluntatis_bull_of_Pope_Paschal_II%2C_1113.jpg/300px-Piae_Postulatio_Voluntatis_bull_of_Pope_Paschal_II%2C_1113.jpg 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1179" /></a><figcaption><small><i><a href="/wiki/Pie_postulatio_voluntatis" title="Pie postulatio voluntatis">Pie postulatio voluntatis</a></i>. Bull issued by Pope Paschal II in 1113 in favour of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, which was to transform what was a community of pious men into an institution within the Church. By virtue of this document, the pope officially recognized the existence of the new organisation as an operative and militant part of the Roman Catholic Church, granting it papal protection and confirming its properties in Europe and Asia.</small></figcaption></figure> <p>In 603, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a> commissioned the <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravennate</a> Abbot Probus, who was previously Gregory's emissary at the Lombard court, to build <a href="/wiki/Muristan" title="Muristan">a hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Middle_Ages#Byzantine_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages">Jerusalem</a> to treat and care for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 800, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> enlarged Probus' hospital and added a library to it. About 200 years later, in 1009, the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid">Fatimid</a> caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a> destroyed the hospital and three thousand other buildings in Jerusalem. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">Merchants</a> from <a href="/wiki/Amalfi" title="Amalfi">Amalfi</a> in southern Italy were given permission by the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Egyptian Fatimid</a> Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustansir_Billah" title="Al-Mustansir Billah">al-Mustansir Billah</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 1036–1094</span>) to build a monastery in Jerusalem, near the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>. The monastery, known as the <a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="St John the Baptist Church, Jerusalem">abbey of St Mary of the Latins</a> (to distinguish them from local <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a> hierarchy), was served by the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Order of Saint Benedict</a> and took in Christian pilgrims travelling to visit the Christian holy sites. The increase in the number of pilgrims led the Benedictine monks to establish two hospitals in the late 1060s, <a href="/wiki/Hospital_of_St._John_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital of St. John (Jerusalem)">one for men</a> and one for women, with the former known as the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_of_Saint_John_(Jerusalem)" title="Hospital of Saint John (Jerusalem)">Hospital of St John</a>. They did this with the support of a wealthy Amalfian named Mauro of Pantaleone. In the early 1070s the hospital was visited by Archbishop John of Amalfi during his pilgrimage. In later centuries, to help raise money in Europe, the Order of St John made claims that the hospital had been founded more than a century before Christ by the high priest <a href="/wiki/Menelaus_(High_Priest)" title="Menelaus (High Priest)">Menelaus</a> and the Greek <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">King Antiochus</a> of Jerusalem, with financing from <a href="/wiki/Judas_Maccabeus" title="Judas Maccabeus">Judas Maccabeus</a>, and that it was first headed by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Saint Stephen</a> and had been visited by Christ and the Apostles. A historian of the Order in the 13th century wrote that this version was not true.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201216–17_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201216–17-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson20012–5_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson20012–5-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any case, the Hospitallers rose to fame and prestige in a short amount of time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201220–22_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201220–22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time of the success of the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> in 1099, the Hospital of St John was already well known among pilgrims and was regarded as a separate organization from the monastery of St Mary. The monastic brothers at the hospital saw it as their duty to provide the best possible treatment to the poor. They were given an endowment by <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_of_Bouillon" title="Godfrey of Bouillon">Godfrey of Bouillon</a>, the leader of the First Crusade, before he died in 1100. The <a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem">Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghibbelin_of_Arles" title="Ghibbelin of Arles">Ghibbelin of Arles</a>, formally recognized it as a separate entity from the monastery when he reformed the Catholic hierarchy in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, and a step towards this was taken by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_II" title="Pope Paschal II">Pope Paschal II</a> when he recognized the abbey of St Mary as a church of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, placing it under his protection and exempting it from paying tithes on its land, on 19 June 1112. The monastic Hospitaller Order was formally created when the Pope issued the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Pie_postulatio_voluntatis" title="Pie postulatio voluntatis">Pie postulatio voluntatis</a></i> on 15 February 1113 to the head of the Hospital of St John, <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Gerard" title="Blessed Gerard">Blessed Gerard</a> de <a href="/wiki/Martigues" title="Martigues">Martigues</a>. The Pope subordinated the hospital to his own authority and exempted it from paying tithes on the lands it owned, and gave the right to its professed brothers to elect their master. He also placed several other hospitals and hospices in southern Italy under the governance of the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem, as they were located at port cities from which pilgrims traveled to the Holy Land.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201220–22_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201220–22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gerard acquired territory and revenues for his order throughout the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> and beyond. Under his successor, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_du_Puy" title="Raymond du Puy">Raymond du Puy</a>, the original hospice was expanded to an <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">infirmary</a><sup id="cite_ref-moeller_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moeller-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by then was subordinated to the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Around this time the Hospital of St John became connected with that Church, and documents often referred to "the Holy Sepulchre and the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson20015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson20015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the Hospitallers cared for pilgrims as well as others (including Muslims and Jews) in Jerusalem,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201220–22_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201220–22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the order soon extended to provide pilgrims with an armed escort before eventually becoming a significant military force. Thus, the Order of St. John imperceptibly became militaristic without losing its charitable character.<sup id="cite_ref-moeller_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moeller-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is possible that the Hospital of St John hired knights or foot soldiers after the First Crusade to provide security, before it formally established its own military organization. Knights in western Europe left their horses and weapons to the Hospitallers in their wills in the 1120s, and in the early 1140s <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_II" title="Pope Innocent II">Pope Innocent II</a> mentioned that the Hospitallers had "servants" to protect pilgrims. An account from a Hospitaller priest in 16th century stated that as the Order of St John became more wealthy it hired knights to defend its hospitals and pilgrims, and these knights eventually became Hospitallers themselves. It is known that secular knights and soldiers were hired by institutions in Jerusalem to provide protection after 1099, including churches, and some of them later joined military orders. The Order of <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> was founded around 1119-1120 and it is likely that the Hospitallers were inspired by them to have their own knights. A charter made for a gift to the Hospital of St John in a Christian army on 17 January 1126 recorded that a brother from the Order was present as a witness and that he held a military title.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201227–28_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201227–28-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:254px;max-width:254px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg/250px-Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg/375px-Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg/500px-Crac_des_chevaliers_syria.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4015" data-file-height="1566" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Krak des Chevaliers">Krak des Chevaliers</a>, a castle acquired by the Hospitallers in <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Raymond_du_Puy" title="Raymond du Puy">Raymond du Puy</a>, who succeeded Gerard as master of the hospital in 1120,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson20015_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson20015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is credited with establishing the military element of the Order.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201223–24_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201223–24-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raymond decided some time before 1136 that Hospitallers could fight to defend the kingdom or to besiege a pagan city.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201229–30_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201229–30-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Knights Hospitaller, like the other military orders, organized its fighting members into the ranks of <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">sergeant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995186_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995186-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1130, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_II" title="Pope Innocent II">Pope Innocent II</a> gave the order its <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of the Knights Hospitaller">coat of arms</a>, a plain silver cross in a field of red, to differentiate them from the Templars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerthod201017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerthod201017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other symbol of the Hospitallers, the "eight-pointed cross", is said to have originated in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> before reaching the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Duchy of Amalfi</a> in Italy, and it was later used in Jerusalem by the monks that founded the Hospital of St John. After the Hospitallers moved to Malta, it became known as the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King <a href="/wiki/Fulk_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulk of Jerusalem">Fulk of Jerusalem</a> constructed several <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castles</a> to defend the kingdom's southern border from attacks by the Fatimid garrison at <a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalon</a>, and allowed the Hospitallers to manage one of them in 1136, the castle of <a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin" title="Bayt Jibrin">Bethgibelin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201229–30_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201229–30-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This castle also allowed them to defend the pilgrim route between <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> and Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwinSetton1969444_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwinSetton1969444-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the century, the Hospitallers were given control over more castles in <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> than they had in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995190–191_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995190–191-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the next several decades after 1136 the Order was granted more castles and towns by nobles that needed assistance in defending them, especially in the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a>. Those notably included the <a href="/wiki/Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Krak des Chevaliers">Krak des Chevaliers</a> in 1142, which they received from <a href="/wiki/Raymond_II,_Count_of_Tripoli" title="Raymond II, Count of Tripoli">Raymond II, Count of Tripoli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201229–30_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201229–30-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995190–191_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995190–191-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one estimate the Hospitallers had 25 castles as of 1180.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995190–191_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995190–191-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to defending them, the Hospitallers also undertook construction projects to build new castles or repair and expand existing ones, with an example of the latter being Krak des Chevaliers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995192_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995192-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the first battles that the Knights Hospitaller fought in was the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon" title="Siege of Ascalon">Siege of Ascalon</a> in 1153. After a group of Knights Templar, led by their Grand Master, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_de_Tremelay" title="Bernard de Tremelay">Bernard de Tremelay</a>, entered the besieged fortress and were all killed, King <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_III_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin III of Jerusalem">Baldwin III of Jerusalem</a> wanted to withdraw, but Raymond du Puy convinced him to continue, and the fort surrendered to the Crusaders on 22 August 1153.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman1951339_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman1951339-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwinSetton1969537–538_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwinSetton1969537–538-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not clear if the role of the Hospitallers was only advisory or if they were involved in the fighting at Ascalon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson200121_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson200121-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hospitallers and the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> became the most formidable military orders in the Holy Land. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>, pledged his protection to the Knights of St. John in a charter of privileges granted in 1185.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to protect the road of the <a href="/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" title="Camino de Santiago">Camino de Santiago</a>, the Order of Saint John generously received the hospital, commandery and convent of San Juan de Acre in <a href="/wiki/Navarrete,_La_Rioja" title="Navarrete, La Rioja">Navarrete, La Rioja</a>, founded in 1185 by <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_Medrano" title="María Ramírez de Medrano">María Ramírez de Medrano</a>, Lady of <a href="/wiki/Fuenmayor" title="Fuenmayor">Fuenmayor</a>, built by her son Martín de Baztán y Medrano, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Osma-Soria" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Osma-Soria">Osma</a> in Soria.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niedermendig_St._Cyriakus_Ritter_943.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Niedermendig_St._Cyriakus_Ritter_943.JPG/170px-Niedermendig_St._Cyriakus_Ritter_943.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Niedermendig_St._Cyriakus_Ritter_943.JPG/255px-Niedermendig_St._Cyriakus_Ritter_943.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Niedermendig_St._Cyriakus_Ritter_943.JPG/340px-Niedermendig_St._Cyriakus_Ritter_943.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="3776" /></a><figcaption>A Hospitaller depicted in a church painting</figcaption></figure> <p>The statutes of <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Moulins" title="Roger de Moulins">Roger de Moulins</a> (1187) deal only with the service of the sick; the first mention of military service is in the statutes of the ninth grand master, <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Afonso_of_Portugal" title="Fernando Afonso of Portugal">Fernando Afonso of Portugal</a> (about 1200). In the latter, a marked distinction is made between secular knights, externs to the order, who served only for a time, and the professed knights, attached to the order by a perpetual vow, and who alone enjoyed the same spiritual privileges as the other religious. The order numbered three distinct classes of membership: the military brothers, the brothers infirmarians, and the brothers chaplains, to whom was entrusted the divine service.<sup id="cite_ref-moeller_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moeller-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1248, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV" title="Pope Innocent IV">Pope Innocent IV</a> (1243–1254) approved a standard military dress for the Hospitallers to be worn during battle. Instead of a closed cape over their armour (which restricted their movements), they wore a red surcoat with a white cross emblazoned on it.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the more substantial Christian fortifications in the Holy Land were built by the Templars and the Hospitallers. At the height of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>, the Hospitallers held seven great forts and 140 other estates in the area. The two largest of these, their bases of power in the Kingdom and in the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a>, were the <a href="/wiki/Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Krak des Chevaliers">Krak des Chevaliers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margat" title="Margat">Margat</a> in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The property of the Order was divided into <a href="/wiki/Priories" class="mw-redirect" title="Priories">priories</a>, subdivided into <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">bailiwicks</a>, which in turn were divided into <a href="/wiki/Commanderies_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Commanderies of the Order of Saint John">commanderies</a>. </p><p>As early as the late 12th century, the order had begun to achieve recognition in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Normandy" title="Duchy of Normandy">Duchy of Normandy</a>. As a result, buildings such as <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Jerusalem" title="St John's Jerusalem">St John's Jerusalem</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Quenington" title="Quenington">Knights Gate, Quenington</a> in England were built on land donated to the order by local nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Irish house was established at <a href="/wiki/Kilmainham" title="Kilmainham">Kilmainham</a>, near Dublin, and the Irish Prior was usually a key figure in Irish public life. </p><p>The Knights also received the "Land of Severin" (<i>Terra de Zeurino</i>), along with the nearby mountains, from <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_IV_of_Hungary" title="Béla IV of Hungary">Béla IV of Hungary</a>, as shown by a charter of grant issued on 2 June 1247. The <a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Severin" title="Banate of Severin">Banate of Severin</a> was a <a href="/wiki/March_(territorial_entity)" class="mw-redirect" title="March (territorial entity)">march</a>, or border province, of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Danube" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Danube">Lower Danube</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Olt_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Olt River">Olt River</a>, today part of Romania, and back then bordered across the Danube by a powerful <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Bulgarian Empire</a>. The Hospitaller hold on the Banate was only brief.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knights_of_Cyprus_and_Rhodes">Knights of Cyprus and Rhodes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Knights of Cyprus and Rhodes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Hospitaller Rhodes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg/170px-Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg/255px-Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg/340px-Gestorum_Rhodie_obsidionis_commentarii_-_BNF_Lat6067_f3v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3134" data-file-height="4514" /></a><figcaption>Grand Master <a href="/wiki/Pierre_d%27Aubusson" title="Pierre d'Aubusson">Pierre d'Aubusson</a> with senior knights, wearing the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">"Rhodian cross"</a> on their habits. Dedicatory miniature in <i>Gestorum Rhodie obsidionis commentarii</i> (account of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1480)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1480)">Siege of Rhodes of 1480</a>), BNF Lat 6067 fol. 3v, dated 1483/4.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_of_Knights_(Rhodes)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Street_of_Knights_%28Rhodes%29_01.jpg/170px-Street_of_Knights_%28Rhodes%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Street_of_Knights_%28Rhodes%29_01.jpg/255px-Street_of_Knights_%28Rhodes%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Street_of_Knights_%28Rhodes%29_01.jpg/340px-Street_of_Knights_%28Rhodes%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3384" data-file-height="2524" /></a><figcaption>Street of Knights in Rhodes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castle_at_Rhodes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Castle_at_Rhodes.jpg/170px-Castle_at_Rhodes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Castle_at_Rhodes.jpg/255px-Castle_at_Rhodes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Castle_at_Rhodes.jpg/340px-Castle_at_Rhodes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption>The Knights' castle at Rhodes</figcaption></figure> <p>After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> in 1291 (the city of Jerusalem <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">had fallen in 1187</a>), the Knights were confined to the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a> and, when <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a> was captured in 1291, the order sought refuge in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom of Cyprus</a>. Finding themselves becoming enmeshed in Cypriot politics, their Master, <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Villaret" title="Guillaume de Villaret">Guillaume de Villaret</a>, created a plan of acquiring their own temporal domain, selecting <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a>, then part of the Byzantine Empire. He also reorganised the order into eight <a href="/wiki/Langue_(Knights_Hospitaller)" title="Langue (Knights Hospitaller)"><i>langues</i></a>, or "tongues", corresponding to a geographic or ethno-linquistic area: the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auvergne" title="Auvergne">Auvergne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Italy in the Middle Ages">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>. Each was administered by a <a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a> or, if there was more than one priory in the langue, by a Grand Prior. </p><p>Guillaume's successor, <a href="/wiki/Foulques_de_Villaret" title="Foulques de Villaret">Foulques de Villaret</a>, executed the plan to take Rhodes, and on 15 August 1310, after more than <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_conquest_of_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes">four years of campaigning</a>, the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Rhodes" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Rhodes">city of Rhodes</a> surrendered to the knights. They also gained control of a number of neighbouring islands and the <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian</a> port of <a href="/wiki/Halicarnassus" title="Halicarnassus">Halicarnassus</a> and the island of <a href="/wiki/Kastellorizo" title="Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a>. Not long after, in 1312, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_V" title="Pope Clement V">Pope Clement V</a> dissolved the Hospitallers' rival order, the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>, with a series of <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bulls</a>, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_providam" title="Ad providam">Ad providam</a></i> bull that turned over much of their property to the Hospitallers. At Rhodes, and later Malta, the resident knights of each langue were headed by a <a href="/wiki/Bailiff_(France)" title="Bailiff (France)">bailiff</a>. The English Grand Prior at the time was <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_priors_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem_in_England" title="List of the priors of Saint John of Jerusalem in England">Philip De Thame</a>, who acquired the estates allocated to the English langue from 1330 to 1358. </p><p>On Rhodes, the Hospitallers,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by then also referred to as the <b>Knights of Rhodes</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-moeller_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moeller-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were forced to become a more militarized force. In 1334, they fought an attempted invasion by <a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronicus</a> and his Turkish auxiliaries,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1374 they took over the defence of nearby <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a> on the Anatolian coast, which had been conquered by <a href="/wiki/Smyrniote_crusades" title="Smyrniote crusades">a crusade in 1344</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson200154_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson200154-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the knights held the city until it was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smyrna" title="Siege of Smyrna">besieged and taken by Timur</a> in 1402.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson200154_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson200154-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the peninsula of Halicarnassus (present-day <a href="/wiki/Bodrum" title="Bodrum">Bodrum</a>), the knights reinforced their position with the construction of <a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">Petronium Castle</a>, utilizing pieces of the partially destroyed <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_at_Halicarnassus" title="Mausoleum at Halicarnassus">Mausoleum at Halicarnassus</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a>, to strengthen their rampart.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 15th century, the knights fought frequently with <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a>, also known as Ottoman corsairs. They withstood two invasions by ascendant Muslim forces, one by the <a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Egypt" title="Sultan of Egypt">Sultan of Egypt</a> in 1444 and another by <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed the Conqueror">Mehmed the Conqueror</a> in 1480, who, after <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">capturing Constantinople and defeating the Byzantine Empire in 1453</a>, made the Knights a priority target. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_Mediterranean_1450.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Eastern_Mediterranean_1450.svg/170px-Eastern_Mediterranean_1450.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Eastern_Mediterranean_1450.svg/255px-Eastern_Mediterranean_1450.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Eastern_Mediterranean_1450.svg/340px-Eastern_Mediterranean_1450.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2497" data-file-height="2369" /></a><figcaption>Rhodes and other possessions of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John.</figcaption></figure><p>In 1522, an entirely new sort of force arrived: 400 ships under the command of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a> deployed as many as 100,000 men to the island,<sup id="cite_ref-Kinross176_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinross176-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and possibly up 200,000.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Grand Master <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Villiers_de_L%27Isle-Adam" title="Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam">Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam</a>, the knights, though well-fortified, only had about 7,000 men-at-arms. The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1522)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1522)">siege</a> lasted six months, after which the defeated surviving Hospitallers were allowed to withdraw to <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. Despite the defeat, both Christians and Muslims seem to have regarded <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Villiers_de_L%27Isle-Adam" title="Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam">Phillipe Villiers</a> as extremely valiant, and the Grand Master was proclaimed a Defender of the Faith by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_VI" title="Pope Adrian VI">Pope Adrian VI</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knights_of_Malta">Knights of Malta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Knights of Malta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deed_of_Donation,_1530.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Deed_of_Donation%2C_1530.jpg/170px-Deed_of_Donation%2C_1530.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Deed_of_Donation%2C_1530.jpg/255px-Deed_of_Donation%2C_1530.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Deed_of_Donation%2C_1530.jpg/340px-Deed_of_Donation%2C_1530.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1470" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>Deed of Donation of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> to the Order of St John by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a> in 1530.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Hospitaller Malta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Tripoli" title="Hospitaller Tripoli">Hospitaller Tripoli</a></div> <p>In 1530, after seven years of displacement from Rhodes, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII" title="Pope Clement VII">Pope Clement VII</a> – himself a knight – reached an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a> and King of Spain and Sicily, to provide the knights permanent quarters: In exchange for providing Malta,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>, and the North African port of <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> in perpetual <a href="/wiki/Fiefdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiefdom">fiefdom</a>, Charles V would receive an annual fee of a single Maltese falcon (the <a href="/wiki/Tribute_of_the_Maltese_Falcon" title="Tribute of the Maltese Falcon">Tribute of the Maltese Falcon</a>), which they were to send on <a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_Day" title="All Souls' Day">All Souls' Day</a> to the king's representative, the Viceroy of Sicily.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1548, Charles V raised <a href="/wiki/Heitersheim" title="Heitersheim">Heitersheim</a>, the headquarters of the Hospitallers in Germany, into the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Heitersheim" title="Principality of Heitersheim">Principality of Heitersheim</a>, making the Grand Prior of Germany a <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Prince of the Holy Roman Empire">prince of the Holy Roman Empire</a> with a seat and vote in the <i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Reichstag</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The knights would stay in Malta for the next 268 years, transforming what they called "merely a rock of soft sandstone" into a flourishing island with mighty defences, whose capital city, <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, would become known as <i>Superbissima</i>, "Most Proud", among the great powers of Europe. However, the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">indigenous islanders</a> were initially apprehensive about the order's presence and viewed them as arrogant intruders; they were especially loathed for taking advantage of local women.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most knights were French and excluded Maltese from serving in the order, even being generally dismissive of local nobility. However, the two groups coexisted peacefully, since the Knights boosted the economy, were charitable, and protected against Muslim attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_-_Valletta_-_Pjazza_Kastilja%2BAuberge_de_Castille_01_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Malta_-_Valletta_-_Pjazza_Kastilja%2BAuberge_de_Castille_01_ies.jpg/170px-Malta_-_Valletta_-_Pjazza_Kastilja%2BAuberge_de_Castille_01_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Malta_-_Valletta_-_Pjazza_Kastilja%2BAuberge_de_Castille_01_ies.jpg/255px-Malta_-_Valletta_-_Pjazza_Kastilja%2BAuberge_de_Castille_01_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Malta_-_Valletta_-_Pjazza_Kastilja%2BAuberge_de_Castille_01_ies.jpg/340px-Malta_-_Valletta_-_Pjazza_Kastilja%2BAuberge_de_Castille_01_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille" title="Auberge de Castille">Auberge de Castille et Portugal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, an example of 18th-century Baroque architecture built by the Order.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hospitals were among the first projects to be undertaken in Malta, where French soon supplanted Italian as the official language (though the native inhabitants continued to speak <a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a> among themselves).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The knights also constructed fortresses, watch towers, and naturally, churches. Its acquisition of Malta signalled the beginning of the Order's renewed naval activity. </p><p>The building and fortification of Valletta, named for <i>Grand Master la Valette</i>, was begun in 1566, soon becoming the home port of one of the Mediterranean's most powerful navies. Valletta was designed by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Laparelli" title="Francesco Laparelli">Francesco Laparelli</a>, a military engineer, and his work was then taken up by <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Cassar" title="Girolamo Cassar">Girolamo Cassar</a>. The city was completed in 1571. The island's hospitals were expanded as well. The <a href="/wiki/Sacra_Infermeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacra Infermeria">Sacra Infermeria</a> could accommodate 500 patients and was famous as one of the finest in the world. In the vanguard of medicine, the Hospital of Malta included Schools of Anatomy, Surgery and Pharmacy. Valletta itself was renowned as a centre of art and culture. The <a href="/wiki/Conventual_Church_of_St._John" class="mw-redirect" title="Conventual Church of St. John">Conventual Church of St. John</a>, completed in 1577, contains works by <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a> and others. </p><p>In Europe, most of the Order's hospitals and chapels survived the Reformation, though not in Protestant or Evangelical countries. In Malta, meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Malta" title="National Library of Malta">Public Library</a> was established in 1761. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Malta" title="University of Malta">University</a> was founded seven years later, followed, in 1786, by a School of Mathematics and Nautical Sciences. Despite these developments, some of the Maltese grew to resent the Order, which they viewed as a privileged class. This even included some of the <a href="/wiki/Nobility_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobility of Malta">local nobility</a>, who were not admitted to the Order. </p><p>In Rhodes, the knights had been housed in <i>auberges</i> (inns) segregated by Langues. This structure was maintained in <a href="/wiki/Birgu" title="Birgu">Birgu</a> (1530–1571) and then Valletta (from 1571). The auberges in Birgu remain, mostly undistinguished 16th-century buildings. Valletta still has the auberges of <a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille" title="Auberge de Castille">Castile and Portugal</a> (1574; renovated 1741 by Grand Master de Vilhena, now the Prime Minister's offices), <a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Italie" title="Auberge d'Italie">Italy</a> (renovated 1683 by Grand Master Carafa, now an art museum), <a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Aragon" title="Auberge d'Aragon">Aragon</a> (1571, now a government ministry), <a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Bavi%C3%A8re" title="Auberge de Bavière">Bavaria</a> (former Palazzo Carnerio, purchased in 1784 for the newly formed Langue, now occupied by the Lands Authority) and <a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Provence" title="Auberge de Provence">Provence</a> (now <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Archaeology_(Malta)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Archaeology (Malta)">National Museum of Archaeology</a>). In the Second World War, the <a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Auvergne" title="Auberge d'Auvergne">auberge d'Auvergne</a> was damaged (and later replaced by Law Courts) and the <a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_France" title="Auberge de France">auberge de France</a> was destroyed. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20_grani,_Order_of_Malta.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/20_grani%2C_Order_of_Malta.JPG/170px-20_grani%2C_Order_of_Malta.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/20_grani%2C_Order_of_Malta.JPG/255px-20_grani%2C_Order_of_Malta.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/20_grani%2C_Order_of_Malta.JPG/340px-20_grani%2C_Order_of_Malta.JPG 2x" data-file-width="931" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption>A 1742 <a href="/wiki/Tar%C3%AC" title="Tarì">Tarì</a> coin of the Knights Hospitaller, depicting the <a href="/wiki/Beheading_of_St._John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Beheading of St. John the Baptist">head</a> of <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> on a platter.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PierreD%27AubussonArmoiries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/PierreD%27AubussonArmoiries.jpg/170px-PierreD%27AubussonArmoiries.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/PierreD%27AubussonArmoiries.jpg/255px-PierreD%27AubussonArmoiries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/PierreD%27AubussonArmoiries.jpg/340px-PierreD%27AubussonArmoiries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1038" data-file-height="999" /></a><figcaption>Arms of the Knights Hospitallers, quartered with those of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_d%27Aubusson" title="Pierre d'Aubusson">Pierre d'Aubusson</a>, on a <a href="/wiki/Bombard_(weapon)" title="Bombard (weapon)">bombard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1604, each Langue was given a chapel in the conventual church of Saint John and the arms of the Langue appear in the decoration on the walls and ceiling: </p> <ul><li>Provence: <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Archangel" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael the Archangel">Michael the Archangel</a>, <i>Jerusalem</i></li> <li>Auvergne: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sebastian" title="Saint Sebastian">Saint Sebastian</a>, <i>Azure a dolphin or</i></li> <li>France: conversion of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a>, <i>France</i></li> <li>Castile, León and Portugal: <a href="/wiki/James,_brother_of_Jesus" title="James, brother of Jesus">James, brother of Jesus</a>, <i>Quarterly Castile and León</i></li> <li>Aragon: <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> [the church of the Langue is consecrated to <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar" title="Our Lady of the Pillar">Our Lady of the Pillar</a> <i>Per pale Aragon and Navarre</i>]</li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">St Catherine</a>, <i>Azure the word ITALIA in bend or</i></li> <li>England: <a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">Flagellation of Christ</a>, [<i>no arms visible; in Rhodes the Langue used the arms of England, quarterly France and England</i>]</li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a>, <i>Austria born by a double-headed eagle displayed sable</i></li></ul> <p>The Order may have played a direct part in supporting the Malta native <a href="/wiki/Iacob_Heraclid" title="Iacob Heraclid">Iacob Heraclid</a> who, in 1561, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verbia" title="Battle of Verbia">established a temporary foothold</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hospitallers also continued their maritime actions against Muslims and especially the <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a>. Although they had only a few ships, they quickly drew the ire of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a>, who were unhappy to see the order resettled. In 1565 Suleiman sent an invasion force of about 40,000 men to besiege the 700 knights and 8,000 soldiers and expel them from Malta and gain a new base from which to possibly launch another assault on Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta</a>. </p><p>At first the battle went as badly for the Hospitallers as Rhodes had: most of the cities were destroyed and about half the knights killed. On 18 August, the position of the besieged was becoming desperate: dwindling daily in numbers, they were becoming too feeble to hold the long line of fortifications. But when his council suggested the abandonment of <a href="/wiki/Birgu" title="Birgu">Birgu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senglea" title="Senglea">Senglea</a> and withdrawal to <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Angelo" title="Fort St. Angelo">Fort St. Angelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Grand Master</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Parisot_de_Valette" title="Jean Parisot de Valette">Jean Parisot de Valette</a> refused.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Viceroy of Sicily had not sent help; possibly the Viceroy's orders from <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> were so obscurely worded as to put on his own shoulders the burden of the decision whether to help the Order at the expense of his own defences. A wrong decision could mean defeat and exposing Sicily and Naples to the Ottomans. He had left his own son with La Valette, so he could hardly be indifferent to the fate of the fortress. Whatever may have been the cause of his delay, the Viceroy hesitated until the battle had almost been decided by the unaided efforts of the knights, before being forced to move by the indignation of his own officers.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> On 23 August came yet another grand assault, the last serious effort, as it proved, of the besiegers. It was thrown back with the greatest difficulty, even the wounded taking part in the defence. The plight of the Turkish forces was now desperate. With the exception of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Elmo" title="Fort Saint Elmo">Fort Saint Elmo</a>, the fortifications were still intact.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working night and day the garrison had repaired the breaches, and the capture of Malta seemed more and more impossible. Many of the Ottoman troops in crowded quarters had fallen ill over the terrible summer months. Ammunition and food were beginning to run short,<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Ottoman troops were becoming increasingly dispirited by the failure of their attacks and their losses. The death on 23 June of skilled commander <a href="/wiki/Dragut" title="Dragut">Dragut</a>, a corsair and admiral of the Ottoman fleet, was a serious blow.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Turkish commanders, <a href="/wiki/Piali_Pasha" title="Piali Pasha">Piali Pasha</a> and Mustafa Pasha, were careless. They had a huge fleet which they used with effect on only one occasion. They neglected their communications with the African coast and made no attempt to watch and intercept Sicilian reinforcements.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_(1547-1616)_-_The_Siege_of_Malta,_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights,_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg/220px-Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg/330px-Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg/440px-Matteo_Perez_d%27_Aleccio_%281547-1616%29_-_The_Siege_of_Malta%2C_Attack_on_the_Post_of_the_Castilian_Knights%2C_21_August_1565_-_BHC0257_-_Royal_Museums_Greenwich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Ottoman attack on the post of the <a href="/wiki/Langue_(Knights_Hospitaller)" title="Langue (Knights Hospitaller)">Castilian knights</a> on 21 August 1565</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 September they made their last effort, but the morale of the Ottoman troops had deteriorated seriously and the attack was feeble, to the great encouragement of the besieged, who now began to see hopes of deliverance. The perplexed and indecisive Ottomans heard of the arrival of Sicilian reinforcements in Mellieħa Bay. Unaware that the force was very small, they broke off the siege and left on 8 September. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta</a> may have been the last action in history in which a force of knights won a decisive victory against a numerically superior force that made use of firearms.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Ottomans departed, the Hospitallers had but 600 men able to bear arms. The most reliable estimate puts the number of the Ottoman army at its height at some 40,000 men, of whom 15,000 eventually returned to Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The siege is portrayed vividly in the frescoes of <a href="/wiki/Matteo_P%C3%A9rez" title="Matteo Pérez">Matteo Pérez</a> in the Hall of St. Michael and St. George, also known as the Throne Room, in the <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster%27s_Palace_in_Valletta" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandmaster's Palace in Valletta">Grandmaster's Palace in Valletta</a>; four of the original <a href="/wiki/Modello" title="Modello">modellos</a>, painted in oils by Perez d'Aleccio between 1576 and 1581, can be found in the Cube Room of the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_House" title="Queen's House">Queen's House</a> at <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>, London. After the siege a new city had to be built: the present capital city of Malta, named Valletta in memory of the Grand Master who had withstood the siege.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1607, the Grand Master of the Hospitallers was granted the status of <i>Reichsfürst</i> (<a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Prince of the Holy Roman Empire">Prince of the Holy Roman Empire</a>), even though the Order's territory was always south of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1630, he was awarded ecclesiastic equality with <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">cardinals</a>, and the unique hybrid style <i>His Most Eminent Highness</i>, reflecting both qualities qualifying him as a true <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_the_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince of the Church">Prince of the Church</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reconquista_of_the_sea"><i>Reconquista</i> of the sea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reconquista of the sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Navy of the Order of Saint John">Navy of the Order of Saint John</a></div> <p>With their diminished strength and relocation to Malta in the central Mediterranean, the knights found themselves devoid of their founding mission: assisting and joining the crusades in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>. Revenues subsequently dwindled as European sponsors were no longer willing to support a costly and seemingly redundant organization. The knights were forced to make do with their maritime location and turn to combating the increased threat of piracy, particularly from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a>-endorsed <a href="/wiki/Barbary_pirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbary pirates">Barbary pirates</a> operating out of North Africa. Boosted by an air of invincibility following the successful defence of their island in 1565, and compounded by the Christian victory over the Ottoman fleet in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Battle of Lepanto</a> in 1571, the knights set about protecting Christian merchant shipping to and from the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> and freeing the captured Christian slaves who formed the basis of the Barbary corsairs' piratical trading and navies. This campaign became known as the "corso".<sup id="cite_ref-earle_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earle-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 107">: 107 </span></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capture_of_a_Turkish_warship_in_the_Canal_of_Malta_par_Bailli_Russo_25_January_1652.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Capture_of_a_Turkish_warship_in_the_Canal_of_Malta_par_Bailli_Russo_25_January_1652.jpg/193px-Capture_of_a_Turkish_warship_in_the_Canal_of_Malta_par_Bailli_Russo_25_January_1652.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Capture_of_a_Turkish_warship_in_the_Canal_of_Malta_par_Bailli_Russo_25_January_1652.jpg/290px-Capture_of_a_Turkish_warship_in_the_Canal_of_Malta_par_Bailli_Russo_25_January_1652.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Capture_of_a_Turkish_warship_in_the_Canal_of_Malta_par_Bailli_Russo_25_January_1652.jpg/386px-Capture_of_a_Turkish_warship_in_the_Canal_of_Malta_par_Bailli_Russo_25_January_1652.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="1535" /></a><figcaption>Hospitaller galleys capturing an Ottoman vessel in the <a href="/wiki/Malta_Channel" title="Malta Channel">Malta Channel</a> in 1652</figcaption></figure> <p>Yet the Order soon struggled on a now reduced income. By policing the Mediterranean, they augmented the assumed responsibility of the traditional protectors of the Mediterranean, the naval city states of <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>. Further compounding their financial woes; over the course of this period, the exchange rate of the local currencies against the 'scudo' that were established in the late 16th century gradually became outdated, meaning the knights were gradually receiving less at merchant factories.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Economically hindered by the barren island they now inhabited, many knights went beyond their call of duty by raiding Muslim ships.<sup id="cite_ref-earle_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earle-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 109">: 109 </span></sup> More and more ships were plundered, from whose profits many knights lived idly and luxuriously, taking local women to be their wives and enrolling in the navies of France and Spain in search of adventure, experience, and yet more money.<sup id="cite_ref-earle_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earle-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 97">: 97 </span></sup> </p><p>The Knights' changing attitudes were coupled with the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a> and the lack of stability from the Roman Catholic Church. All this affected the knights strongly as the 16th and 17th centuries saw a gradual decline in the religious attitudes of many of the Christian peoples of Europe (and, concomitantly, the importance of a religious army), and thus in the Knights' regular tributes from European nations.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (November 2018)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> That the knights, a chiefly Roman Catholic military order, pursued the readmittance of England as one of its member states – the Order there had been suppressed under King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> of England during the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a> – upon the succession of the Protestant queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> of England aptly demonstrates the new religious tolerance within the Order.<sup id="cite_ref-allen_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allen-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 326">: 326 </span></sup> For a time, the Order even possessed a German <i>langue</i> which was part <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">Protestant or Evangelical</a> and part Roman Catholic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The moral decline that the knights underwent over the course of this period is best highlighted by the decision of many knights to serve in foreign navies and become "the mercenary sea-dogs of the 14th to 17th centuries", with the French Navy proving the most popular destination.<sup id="cite_ref-bamford_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bamford-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 432">: 432 </span></sup> This decision went against the knights' cardinal reason for existence, in that by serving a European power directly they faced the very real possibility that they would be fighting against another Roman Catholic force, as in the few Franco-Spanish naval skirmishes that occurred in this period.<sup id="cite_ref-bamford_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bamford-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 434">: 434 </span></sup> The biggest paradox is the fact that for many years the Kingdom of France remained on amicable terms with the Ottoman Empire, the Knights' greatest and bitterest foe and purported sole purpose for existence. Paris signed many trade agreements with the Ottomans and agreed to an informal (and ultimately ineffective) cease-fire between the two states during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-allen_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allen-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 324">: 324 </span></sup> That the Knights associated themselves with the allies of their sworn enemies shows their moral ambivalence and the new commercial-minded nature of the Mediterranean in the 17th century. Serving in a foreign navy, in particular that of the French, gave the Knights the chance to serve the Church and for many, their King, to increase their chances of promotion in either their adopted navy or in Malta, to receive far better pay, to stave off their boredom with frequent cruises, to embark on the highly preferable short cruises of the French Navy over the long caravans favoured by the Maltese, and if the Knight desired, to indulge in some of the pleasures of a traditional debauched seaport.<sup id="cite_ref-bamford_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bamford-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 423–433">: 423–433 </span></sup> In return, the French gained and quickly assembled an experienced navy to stave off the threat of the Spanish and their Habsburg masters. The shift in attitudes of the Knights over this period is ably outlined by Paul Lacroix, who states: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Inflated with wealth, laden with privileges which gave them almost sovereign powers ... the order at last became so demoralised by luxury and idleness that it forgot the aim for which it was founded, and gave itself up for the love of gain and thirst for pleasure. Its covetousness and pride soon became boundless. The Knights pretended that they were above the reach of crowned heads: they seized and pillaged without concern of the property of both infidels and Christians."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Castro,_Lorenzo_-_A_Galley_of_Malta_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/A_Castro%2C_Lorenzo_-_A_Galley_of_Malta_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-A_Castro%2C_Lorenzo_-_A_Galley_of_Malta_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/A_Castro%2C_Lorenzo_-_A_Galley_of_Malta_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-A_Castro%2C_Lorenzo_-_A_Galley_of_Malta_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/A_Castro%2C_Lorenzo_-_A_Galley_of_Malta_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-A_Castro%2C_Lorenzo_-_A_Galley_of_Malta_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2501" data-file-height="1378" /></a><figcaption>Hospitaller galley <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1680</span></figcaption></figure> <p>With the knights' exploits growing in fame and wealth, the European states became more complacent about the Order, and more unwilling to grant money to an institution that was perceived to be earning a healthy sum on the high seas. Thus, a vicious cycle occurred, increasing the raids and reducing the grants received from the nation-states of Christendom to such an extent that the balance of payments on the island had become dependent on conquest.<sup id="cite_ref-earle_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earle-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 97">: 97 </span></sup> The European powers lost interest in the knights as they focused their intentions largely on one another during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>. In February 1641 a letter was sent from an unknown dignitary in the Maltese capital of Valletta to the knights' most trustworthy ally and benefactor, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>, stating the Order's troubles: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Italy provides us with nothing much; Bohemia and Germany hardly anything, and England and the Netherlands for a long time now nothing at all. We only have something to keep us going, Sire, in your own Kingdom and in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-allen_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allen-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 338">: 338 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Maltese authorities did not mention the fact that they were making a substantial profit policing the seas and seizing infidel ships and cargoes. The authorities on Malta immediately recognised the importance of corsairing to their economy and set about encouraging it, as despite their vows of poverty, the Knights were granted the ability to keep a portion of the <i>spoglio</i>, which was the prize money and cargo gained from a captured ship, along with the ability to fit out their own galleys with their new wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-seward_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seward-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 274">: 274 </span></sup> </p><p>The great controversy that surrounded the knights' <i>corso</i> was their insistence on their policy of 'vista'. This enabled the Order to stop and board all shipping suspected of carrying Turkish goods and confiscate the cargo to be re-sold at Valletta, along with the ship's crew, who were by far the most valuable commodity on the ship. Naturally, many nations claimed to be victims of the knights' over-eagerness to stop and confiscate any goods remotely connected to the Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-earle_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earle-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 109">: 109 </span></sup> In an effort to regulate the growing problem, the authorities in Malta established a judicial court, the Consiglio del Mer, where captains who felt wronged could plead their case, often successfully. The practice of issuing privateering licenses and thus state endorsement, which had been in existence for a number of years, was tightly regulated as the island's government attempted to haul in the unscrupulous knights and appease the European powers and limited benefactors. Yet these efforts were not altogether successful, as the Consiglio del Mer received numerous complaints around the year 1700 of Maltese piracy in the region. Ultimately, the rampant over-indulgence in <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateering</a> in the Mediterranean was to be the knights' downfall in this particular period of their existence as they transformed from serving as the military outpost of a united Christendom to becoming another nation-state in a commercially oriented continent soon to be overtaken by the trading nations of the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turmoil_in_Europe">Turmoil in Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Turmoil in Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg/170px-Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg/255px-Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg/340px-Emperor_Paul_in_the_Crown_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_Malta.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Emperor Paul</a> wearing the Crown of the Grand Master of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Malta">Order of Malta</a> (1799).</figcaption></figure><p>Even as it survived in Malta, the Order lost many of its European holdings during the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>. The property of the English branch was confiscated in 1540.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailiwick of Brandenburg">Bailiwick of Brandenburg</a> became <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> in 1577, then more broadly Evangelical, but continued to pay its financial contribution to the Order until 1812, when the Protector of the Order in Prussia, King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick William III">Frederick William III</a>, turned it into an order of merit;<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1852, his son and successor as Protector, King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_IV_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William IV of Prussia">Frederick William IV of Prussia</a>, restored the <i>Johanniterorden</i> to its continuing place as the chief non-Roman Catholic branch of the Knights Hospitaller. </p><p>The Knights of Malta had a strong presence within the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Navy" title="Imperial Russian Navy">Imperial Russian Navy</a> and the pre-<a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">revolutionary</a> <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a>. When <a href="/wiki/Phillippe_de_Longvilliers_de_Poincy" title="Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy">Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy</a> was appointed governor of the French colony on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a> in 1639, he was a prominent Knight of St. John and dressed his retinue with the emblems of the Order. In 1651, the knights bought from the <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_%C3%8Eles_de_l%27Am%C3%A9rique" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique">Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique</a> the islands of Sainte-Christophe, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin_(island)" title="Saint Martin (island)">Saint Martin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">The Order's presence in the Caribbean</a> was eclipsed with De Poincy's death in 1660. He had also bought the island of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a> as his personal estate and deeded it to the Knights of St. John. In 1665, the order sold their <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> possessions to the <a href="/wiki/French_West_India_Company" title="French West India Company">French West India Company</a>, ending the Order's presence in that region. </p><p>The decree of the French National Assembly in 1789 abolishing <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudalism</a> in France also abolished the Order in France: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>V. Tithes of every description, as well as the dues which have been substituted for them, under whatever denomination they are known or collected (even when compounded for), possessed by secular or regular congregations, by holders of benefices, members of corporations (including the Order of Malta and other religious and military orders), as well as those devoted to the maintenance of churches, those impropriated to lay persons and those substituted for the portion congrue, are abolished ...<sup id="cite_ref-Robinson_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robinson-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The French Revolutionary Government seized the assets and properties of the Order in France in 1792. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loss_of_Malta_and_decline">Loss of Malta and decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Loss of Malta and decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malta_Knights.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Malta_Knights.jpg/220px-Malta_Knights.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Malta_Knights.jpg/330px-Malta_Knights.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Malta_Knights.jpg/440px-Malta_Knights.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1903" data-file-height="1506" /></a><figcaption>Re-enactment of 16th-century military drills conducted by the Knights. <a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Elmo" title="Fort Saint Elmo">Fort Saint Elmo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, Malta, 8 May 2005.</figcaption></figure> <p>Their <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> stronghold of Malta was captured by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> in 1798 <a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria#Capture_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">during his expedition to Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Napoleon demanded from <a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Grand Master</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Hompesch_zu_Bolheim" title="Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim">Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim</a> that his ships be allowed to enter the port and to take on water and supplies. The Grand Master replied that only two foreign ships could be allowed to enter the port at a time. Bonaparte, aware that such a procedure would take a very long time and would leave his forces vulnerable to Admiral <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson,_1st_Viscount_Nelson" title="Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson">Nelson</a>, immediately ordered a cannon fusillade against Malta. The French soldiers disembarked in Malta at seven points on the morning of 11 June and attacked. After several hours of fierce fighting, the Maltese in the west were forced to surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-cole_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cole-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Napoleon opened negotiations with the fortress capital of Valletta. Faced with vastly superior French forces and the loss of western Malta, the Grand Master negotiated a surrender to the invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-cole_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cole-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hompesch left Malta for Trieste on 18 June.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resigned as Grand Master on 6 July 1799. </p><p> The knights were dispersed, though the order continued to exist in a diminished form and negotiated with European governments for a return to power. The Russian Emperor, <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I</a>, gave the largest number of knights shelter in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, an action which gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_tradition_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller">Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller</a> and the Order's recognition among the Russian Imperial Orders.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The refugee knights in Saint Petersburg proceeded to elect Tsar Paul as their Grand Master – a rival to Grand Master von Hompesch until the latter's abdication left Paul as the sole Grand Master. Grand Master Paul I created, in addition to the Roman Catholic Grand Priory, a "Russian Grand Priory" of no fewer than 118 Commanderies, dwarfing the rest of the Order and open to all Christians. Paul's election as Grand Master was never ratified under Roman Catholic canon law, and he was the <i>de facto</i> rather than <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> Grand Master of the Order.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Angelo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/St._Angelo.jpg/170px-St._Angelo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/St._Angelo.jpg/255px-St._Angelo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/St._Angelo.jpg/340px-St._Angelo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1495" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption>View from <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, showing <a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Angelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Saint Angelo">Fort Saint Angelo</a>, belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the early 19th century, the order had been severely weakened by the loss of its priories throughout Europe. Only 10% of the order's income came from traditional sources in Europe, with the remaining 90% being generated by the Russian Grand Priory until 1810. This was partly reflected in the government of the Order being under Lieutenants, rather than Grand Masters, in the period 1805 to 1879, when <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> restored a Grand Master to the order. This signalled the renewal of the order's fortunes as a humanitarian and religious organization. </p><p>On 19 September 1806, the <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> government offered the sovereignty of the island of <a href="/wiki/Gotland" title="Gotland">Gotland</a> to the Order. The offer was rejected since it would have meant the Order renouncing their claim to Malta.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 150,000 square feet (14,000 m<sup>2</sup>) Hospital of Saint John, built between 1099 and 1291, was rediscovered in the Christian Quarter of the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a>. From 2000 to 2013, it was excavated by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Antiquities_Authority" title="Israel Antiquities Authority">Israel Antiquities Authority</a>. It had been able to accommodate up to 2,000 patients, who came from all religious groups, and Jewish patients received <a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">kosher</a> food. It also served as an orphanage, with these children often becoming Hospitallers when adults. The remaining vaulted area was discovered during excavations for a restaurant, and the preserved building will be incorporated in the project.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Successors_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller">Successors of the Knights Hospitaller</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Successors of the Knights Hospitaller"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_Orders_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem#The_mutually-recognised_Orders_of_Saint_John" title="Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem">Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem § The mutually-recognised Orders of Saint John</a></div> <p>The entities generally considered to maintain historical continuity with the Knights are the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a>, based in Rome and recognized by over 100 countries worldwide, as well as the chivalric orders in the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_Orders_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem" title="Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem">Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John of the hospital at Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)#Order_of_Saint_John_in_the_Netherlands" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">Johanniter Orde in Nederland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_in_Sweden" title="Order of Saint John in Sweden">Order of Saint John in Sweden</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Most_Venerable_Order_of_the_Hospital_of_St._John_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem">Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></div> <p>In 1834, the order settled in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hospital work, the original work of the order, became once again its main concern. The Order's hospital and welfare activities, undertaken on a considerable scale in World War I, were greatly intensified and expanded in World War II under the Grand Master Fra' <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Chigi_Albani_della_Rovere" title="Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere">Ludovico Chigi Albani della Rovere</a> (Grand Master 1931–1951). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_(variant).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta, better known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM), is a Roman Catholic lay <a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">religious order</a> and the world's oldest surviving order of chivalry.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its sovereign status is recognised by membership in numerous international bodies and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">observer status</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of all the orders affiliated with Saint John, i.e., members of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_Orders_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem" title="Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem">Alliance of the Orders of St John</a>, the Sovereign Military Order of Malta is the most senior since it possesses the ability to trace its history and line of <a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller">Prince and Grand Masters</a> directly back to the Knight Hospitallers.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Order maintains diplomatic relations with 112 countries, official relations with 6 others and with the European Union, permanent observer missions to the United Nations and its specialised agencies, and delegations or representations to many other international organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It issues its own <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_passport" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta passport">passports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maltese_scudo" title="Maltese scudo">currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">stamps</a> and even vehicle registration plates.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> has a permanent presence in 120 countries, with 12 Grand Priories and Sub-Priories and 48 national Associations, as well as numerous hospitals, medical centres, daycare centres, first aid corps, and specialist foundations, which operate in 120 countries. Its 13,500 members and 95,000 volunteers and over 52,000 medical personnel – doctors, nurses and paramedics – are dedicated to the care of the poor, the sick, the elderly, the disabled, the homeless, terminal patients, lepers, and all those who suffer. The Order is especially involved in helping victims of armed conflicts and natural disasters by providing medical assistance, caring for refugees, and distributing medicines and basic equipment for survival. </p><p>The Sovereign Military Order of Malta established a mission in Malta, after signing an agreement with the Maltese Government which granted the Order the exclusive use of <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Angelo" title="Fort St. Angelo">Fort St. Angelo</a> for a term of 99 years.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, after restoration, the Fort hosts historical and cultural activities related to the Order of Malta.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Order_of_Saint_John">Order of Saint John</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Order of Saint John"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oskar_von_Preussen_in_June_2013.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oskar_von_Preussen_in_June_2013.png/220px-Oskar_von_Preussen_in_June_2013.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Oskar_von_Preussen_in_June_2013.png 1.5x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_Oskar_of_Prussia_(b._1959)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Oskar of Prussia (b. 1959)">Prince Oskar of Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John of the hospital at Jerusalem</a> <i>Herrenmeister</i> since 1999</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_in_Sweden" title="Order of Saint John in Sweden">Order of Saint John in Sweden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Johanniter_Orde_in_Nederland" class="mw-redirect" title="Johanniter Orde in Nederland">Johanniter Orde in Nederland</a></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Commanderies" class="mw-redirect" title="Commanderies">commanderies</a> of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg (located chiefly in the <a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a>) declared their continued adherence to the Order of Saint John even as their knights <a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">converted</a> to <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">evangelical Christianity</a>. Continuing to the present day as the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">Order of Saint John of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg</a>, this forms an <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">order of chivalry</a> under the protection of the Federal Republic and with its <i>Herrenmeister</i> ("Lord of the Knights") almost always a scion of the House of Hohenzollern (currently, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Oscar_of_Prussia_(born_1959)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Oscar of Prussia (born 1959)">Prince Oscar of Prussia</a>). From Germany, this Protestant branch has spread by membership into other countries in Europe (including Belgium, Hungary, Poland, Finland, Denmark, Switzerland, France, Austria, the United Kingdom, and Italy), North America (the United States, Canada, and Mexico), South America (Colombia, Venezuela, Chile), Africa (Namibia, South Africa), Asia, and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commanderies of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg in the Netherlands (which originated in the Middle Ages) and Sweden became independent of the Bailiwick after the Second World War and now are independent orders under the protection of their respective monarchs; King <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands</a> is an Honorary <a href="/wiki/Commander_(order)" title="Commander (order)">Commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(Bailiwick_of_Brandenburg)#Order_of_Saint_John_in_the_Netherlands" title="Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)">Order of Saint John in the Netherlands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_John_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St John in Sweden">Order of St John in Sweden</a> is protected by King <a href="/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden">Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden</a>. </p><p>All three Protestant orders, the German, Dutch, and Swedish, are in formalised co-operation as members of the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_Orders_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem" title="Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem">Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem</a>, founded in 1961 by the Order of Saint John of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg. (As well as originating with the mediaeval Knights Hospitaller, these three orders meet the traditional conditions for dynastic orders of chivalry under the legitimate <a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">fount of honour</a> of each nation, and thus enjoy recognition by the privately operated and funded <a href="/wiki/International_Commission_on_Orders_of_Chivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="International Commission on Orders of Chivalry">International Commission on Orders of Chivalry</a> as of 2016.) The Protestant orders remain independent of, though cooperative with, the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Most_Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John">Most Venerable Order of Saint John</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Most Venerable Order of Saint John"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Most_Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Most Venerable Order of Saint John">Most Venerable Order of Saint John</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, almost all the property of the Knights Hospitaller was confiscated by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a> during the Reformation. Though not formally <a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">suppressed</a>, this effectively caused the activities of the <a href="/wiki/Langue_(Knights_Hospitaller)" title="Langue (Knights Hospitaller)">English Langue</a> of the order to come to an end. </p><p>In 1831, a British order was recreated by European aristocrats claiming (possibly without authority) to be acting on behalf of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.<sup id="cite_ref-seward_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seward-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 270–85">: 270–85 </span></sup> This order in time became known as the <a href="/wiki/Most_Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Most Venerable Order of Saint John">Most Venerable Order of Saint John</a>, receiving a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> from <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> in 1888, before expanding throughout the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commonwealth">British Commonwealth</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. Today, the best-known activities of this order are the <a href="/wiki/St_John_Ambulance" title="St John Ambulance">St John Ambulance</a> Brigade in Britain and the Commonwealth and the <a href="/wiki/Saint_John_Eye_Hospital_Group" title="Saint John Eye Hospital Group">Saint John Eye Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Most Venerable Order of Saint John has maintained a presence in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Malta#British_Malta_in_the_19th_and_early_20th_centuries" title="History of Malta">Malta</a> since the late 19th century. In contrast with the orders originating with the medieval Knights Hospitaller, the British organisation no longer limits its membership to Christians. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-styled_orders">Self-styled orders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Self-styled orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Self-styled_order" title="Self-styled order">Self-styled order</a></div> <p>Several other organizations claim with their own sources to have evolved from the Knights Hospitaller, but all are subject to international dispute and lack recognition. The <a href="/wiki/Russian_tradition_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller">Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller</a> was recognized by the Pope with <a href="/wiki/Tsar_Paul_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar Paul I">Tsar Paul I</a> becoming Grand Master. The British resented this decision as it could have given Russia access to the Mediterranean through a claim over Malta. Britain said that the decision of the Pope was not official. The Holy See later retracted its decision stating a number of conflicts with Tsar Paul I, since he did not follow the precepts binding the Grand Master: he was married and not celibate; he had never been to Malta and declined to live there; and he was not a Roman Catholic. Several other orders have made claims over the Order of St John since the 19th century. Each order, including the Russian Tradition, generally uses its interpretation of sources to present and claim a particular history of events. No independent sources support any superseding order of the Knights Hospitaller, all of which use either non-primary or self-published, non-peer-reviewed sources in support of their claims of legitimacy. The Order came to an end either shortly after the 1798 expulsion of the knights from Malta, or soon after the Russian Revolution in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Dijkhof_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dijkhof-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and taking advantage of the lack of State Orders in the Italian Republic, an Italian called himself a Polish Prince and did a brisk trade in <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese crosses</a> as the Grand Prior of the fictitious "Grand Priory of <a href="/wiki/Podolia" title="Podolia">Podolia</a>" until successfully prosecuted for fraud. Another fraud claimed to be the Grand Prior of the Holy Trinity of Villeneuve, but gave up after a police visit, although the organisation resurfaced in Malta in 1975, and then by 1978 in the US, where it still continues.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The large passage fees collected by the American Association of SMOM in the early 1950s may well have tempted Charles Pichel to create his own "Sovereign Order of St John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller" in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pichel avoided the problems of being an imitation of SMOM by giving his organization a mythical history, claiming that the American organisation he led had been founded within the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller in 1908: a spurious claim, but which nevertheless misled many including some academics. In truth, the foundation of his organisation had no connection to the Russian tradition of the Knights Hospitaller. Once created, the attraction of Russian Nobles into membership of Pichel's 'Order' lent some plausibility to his claims. </p><p>These organisations have led to scores of other <a href="/wiki/Self-styled_order" title="Self-styled order">self-styled orders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another self-styled Order, based in the US, gained a substantial following under the leadership of the late Robert Formhals, who for some years, and with the support of historical organisations such as The Augustan Society, claimed to be a Polish prince of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Sanguszko" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Sanguszko">House of Sanguszko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hierarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headquarters">Headquarters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Headquarters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first in the hierarchy of command was the <i>Grand Master</i>, or commander-in-chief, followed by the <i>Grand Commander</i>, who after 1304 came from the Grand Priory of St Gilles and who took the place of the Grand Master in case of his absence or death.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitz_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitz-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third-highest rank was that of the <i>Marshal</i> of the hospital, whose main duty was to prepare the order for war.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitz_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitz-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This included the procurement of armour, weapons, mounts with all the required equine equipment, and artillery with all it entails (ordnance, powder, ammunitions).<sup id="cite_ref-Fitz_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitz-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Marshal could on occasion be given command by the Grand Master or the Grand Commander.<sup id="cite_ref-Fitz_81-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fitz-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The headquarters of the Hospitallers was known as the <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convent</a>, and its senior officials included, along with the Grand Master, the <a href="/wiki/Seneschal" title="Seneschal">seneschal</a>, who was the Order's second-in-command; the marshal, in charge of military affairs; the <a href="/wiki/Preceptor" title="Preceptor">preceptor</a>, who managed the administration and provisions; the hospitaller, who managed the main hospital of the Order; the <a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">prior</a>, who was responsible for the church at the convent; the <a href="/wiki/Draper" title="Draper">draper</a>, in charge of uniforms; and the treasurer, responsible for finance. Later, from the 13th century, there were also the positions of <a href="/wiki/Turcopole" title="Turcopole">turcopolier</a>, who was in charge of local auxiliary forces known as turcopoles, and the <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">admiral</a>, who commanded the <a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Navy of the Order of Saint John">navy of the Order of Saint John</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf20083–4,_19_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf20083–4,_19-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranks">Ranks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest title used by Hospitallers was brother (<i>frater</i> in Latin), which they most likely used since the creation of the Hospital of Saint John in the late 11th century. They also were referred to as Hospitallers (<i>hospitalarii</i>) by the time of the First Crusade. A charter from King Baldwin I of Jerusalem dating to 1112 refers to the "poor brothers" of the hospital. Over the next century, members of the Order were organized between chaplains and lay-brothers, with the latter being those that took monastic vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and the brothers-at-arms eventually consisted of two ranks – knight brothers and sergeant brothers. The Rule of Raymond du Puy, which was confirmed in the 1140s, did not mention brothers-at-arms, but they were in the statues of the early 1180s. Thus the Order developed three main ranks, those of priest brothers, knight brothers, and sergeant brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf200834–36_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf200834–36-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knights were part of the Order of Saint John as brothers by the 1140s, but sergeants were not brothers initially, being hired as mercenaries by the Order to defend pilgrims. Sergeants were not codified as brothers of the Order until the statues of 1204, which listed both knight brothers and sergeant brothers. The statues formally acknowledged developments that had already taken place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf200834–36_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf200834–36-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Princes_and_Grand_Masters">Princes and Grand Masters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Princes and Grand Masters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Grand_Masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller">List of Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personalities_of_the_Hospital">Personalities of the Hospital</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Personalities of the Hospital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caterina_Vitale" title="Caterina Vitale">Caterina Vitale</a>, the first female pharmacist of the Knights Hospitaller, and the first female pharmacist and chemist in Malta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_priors_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem_in_England" title="List of the priors of Saint John of Jerusalem in England">List of the priors of Saint John of Jerusalem in England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jean_Louis_Ovide_Doublet" title="Pierre Jean Louis Ovide Doublet">Pierre Jean Louis Ovide Doublet</a>, a leadership member of the French Secretariat of the Knights</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fortifications_and_locales_of_the_Hospital">Fortifications and locales of the Hospital</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Fortifications and locales of the Hospital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_Hospitaller_sites" title="List of Knights Hospitaller sites">List of Knights Hospitaller sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Malta#Hospitaller_fortifications_(1530–1798)" title="Fortifications of Malta">Fortifications of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Rhodes" title="Fortifications of Rhodes">Fortifications of Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolossi_Castle" title="Kolossi Castle">Kolossi Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailberg" title="Mailberg">Mailberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_of_La_Muela" title="Castle of La Muela">Castle of La Muela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Knights_of_Rhodes" title="Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes">Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torphichen_Preceptory" title="Torphichen Preceptory">Torphichen Preceptory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_topics">Related topics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Related topics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller_in_the_Levant" title="History of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant">History of the Knights Hospitaller in the Levant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The order lost all territorial influence with the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">French invasion of Malta</a> in 1798. In the aftermath of 1798, several Protestant orders were split off, with the remaining Catholic order being re-established, as the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a>, in 1822.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Less commonly known as the <b>Knights of Rhodes</b>, the <b>Knights of Malta</b>, the <b>Order of Saint John</b>, the <b>Knights of St. John</b> or the <b>Ioannites</b></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This historical fact was used as the <a href="/wiki/Narrative_hook" title="Narrative hook">plot hook</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dashiell_Hammett" title="Dashiell Hammett">Dashiell Hammett</a>'s famous novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Maltese_Falcon_(novel)" title="The Maltese Falcon (novel)">The Maltese Falcon</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Canadian historian Christopher McCreery commented in 2008: "there are only five legitimate and mutually recognized Orders of St. John that continue to carry on the historic work of the Knights Hospitaller. These are the Sovereign Military and Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (The Order of Malta), Die Balley Brandenburg des Ritterlichen Ordens Sankt Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem, commonly known as the Johanniter Orden (Germany), Johanniter Orde in Nederland (Netherland), Johanniterorden i Sverige (Sweden), and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (Order of St. John, sometimes referred to as the Most Venerable Order). In 1961 an alliance was formed between the Most Venerable Order, the Johanniter Orden, Johanniter Orde in Nederland, and Johanniterorden i Sverige; these four orders compromise the Alliance of the Orders of St. John".<sup id="cite_ref-McCreery2008_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCreery2008-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEiland2013" class="citation journal cs1">Eiland, Murray (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/8013398">"A Snapshot of Malta"</a>. <i>The Armiger's News</i>. <b>35</b> (1): 2, 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025425/https://www.academia.edu/8013398">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span> – via academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Armiger%27s+News&rft.atitle=A+Snapshot+of+Malta&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2%2C+11&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Eiland&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F8013398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoas2001" class="citation book cs1">Boas, Adrian J. (2001). <i>Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape and Art in the Holy City under Frankish Rule</i>. Routledge. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58272-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58272-3"><bdi>978-1-134-58272-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+in+the+Time+of+the+Crusades%3A+Society%2C+Landscape+and+Art+in+the+Holy+City+under+Frankish+Rule&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-134-58272-3&rft.aulast=Boas&rft.aufirst=Adrian+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201216–17-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201216–17_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiley-Smith2012">Riley-Smith 2012</a>, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson20012–5-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson20012–5_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson2001">Nicholson 2001</a>, pp. 2–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201220–22-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201220–22_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201220–22_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201220–22_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiley-Smith2012">Riley-Smith 2012</a>, pp. 20–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180827113117/http://www.knightsofmalta.com/history/history.html">"History of the Knights of Malta"</a>. <i>Knights of Malta</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knightsofmalta.com/history/history.html">the original</a> on 27 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Knights+of+Malta&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Knights+of+Malta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knightsofmalta.com%2Fhistory%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://erenow.org/postclassical/crusades/447.php">"Hospital, Order of the"</a>. <i>erenow.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=erenow.org&rft.atitle=Hospital%2C+Order+of+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ferenow.org%2Fpostclassical%2Fcrusades%2F447.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moeller-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moeller_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moeller_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moeller_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moeller_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoeller1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Moeller, Charles (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Hospitallers_of_St._John_of_Jerusalem" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem">Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem</a>". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hospitallers+of+St.+John+of+Jerusalem&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Moeller&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson20015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson20015_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson20015_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson2001">Nicholson 2001</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201227–28-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201227–28_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiley-Smith2012">Riley-Smith 2012</a>, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201223–24-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201223–24_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiley-Smith2012">Riley-Smith 2012</a>, pp. 23–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201229–30-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201229–30_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201229–30_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiley-Smith201229–30_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiley-Smith2012">Riley-Smith 2012</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995186-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995186_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForeyLuttrell1995">Forey & Luttrell 1995</a>, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerthod201017-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerthod201017_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerthod2010">Berthod 2010</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/history/the-eight-pointed-cross/">"The eight-pointed cross"</a>. Sovereign Military Order of Malta<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+eight-pointed+cross&rft.pub=Sovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fhistory%2Fthe-eight-pointed-cross%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwinSetton1969444-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwinSetton1969444_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwinSetton1969">Baldwin & Setton 1969</a>, p. 444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995190–191-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995190–191_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995190–191_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995190–191_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForeyLuttrell1995">Forey & Luttrell 1995</a>, pp. 190–191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995192-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForeyLuttrell1995192_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFForeyLuttrell1995">Forey & Luttrell 1995</a>, p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERunciman1951339-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERunciman1951339_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRunciman1951">Runciman 1951</a>, p. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaldwinSetton1969537–538-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldwinSetton1969537–538_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaldwinSetton1969">Baldwin & Setton 1969</a>, pp. 537–538.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson200121-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson200121_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson2001">Nicholson 2001</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing1931" class="citation book cs1">King, Colonel E. J. (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download/TheKnightsHospitallersintheHolyLand_10860621.pdf"><i>The Knights Hospitallers in the Holy Land</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. pp. <span class="nowrap">59–</span>60. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230517181438/https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download/TheKnightsHospitallersintheHolyLand_10860621.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Knights+Hospitallers+in+the+Holy+Land&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.pub=Methuen+%26+Co.+Ltd&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Colonel+E.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forgottenbooks.com%2Fen%2Fdownload%2FTheKnightsHospitallersintheHolyLand_10860621.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cartulaire – General, Vol. I, No. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>María Ramírez de Medrano and the Hospital and Convent of San Juan de Acre</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/8373680.pdf">https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/8373680.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFle_Roulx1894–1906" class="citation book cs1">le Roulx, Joseph Delaville, ed. (1894–1906). <i>Cartulaire general de l'ordre des hospitaliers de St Jean de Jerusalem (1100–1310)</i>. Paris: Imprimerie Durand. no. 78, no. 2479.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cartulaire+general+de+l%27ordre+des+hospitaliers+de+St+Jean+de+Jerusalem+%281100%E2%80%931310%29&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=no.+78%2C+no.+2479&rft.pub=Imprimerie+Durand&rft.date=1894%2F1906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLydia_Greaves2008" class="citation book cs1">Lydia Greaves (2008). <i>Houses of the National Trust: Outstanding Buildings of Britain</i>. London: National Trust Books. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905400-66-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905400-66-9"><bdi>978-1-905400-66-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houses+of+the+National+Trust%3A+Outstanding+Buildings+of+Britain&rft.place=London&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=National+Trust+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-905400-66-9&rft.au=Lydia+Greaves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRady2000" class="citation book cs1">Rady, Martyn (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LS-BDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA92"><i>Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary</i></a>. Palgrave. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-98534-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-98534-2"><bdi>978-0-333-98534-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230122534/https://books.google.com/books?id=LS-BDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA92#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nobility%2C+Land+and+Service+in+Medieval+Hungary&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Palgrave&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-333-98534-2&rft.aulast=Rady&rft.aufirst=Martyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLS-BDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArtemi2011" class="citation journal cs1">Artemi, Eirini (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1130115">"Diasporic Communities in Rhodes 1350–1450"</a>. <i>Εκκλησιαστικός Φάρος, Τ. Πβ΄ (2011), 237–247</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221127113149/https://www.academia.edu/1130115">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82+%CE%A6%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82%2C+%CE%A4.+%CE%A0%CE%B2%CE%84+%282011%29%2C+237%E2%80%93247&rft.atitle=Diasporic+Communities+in+Rhodes+1350%E2%80%931450&rft.date=2011-01&rft.aulast=Artemi&rft.aufirst=Eirini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1130115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham1858" class="citation book cs1">Graham, J. J. (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AcRCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA299"><i>Elementary History of the Progress of the Art of War</i></a>. R. Bentley. p. 299.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elementary+History+of+the+Progress+of+the+Art+of+War&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=R.+Bentley&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAcRCAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson200154-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson200154_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson200154_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson2001">Nicholson 2001</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131124142611/http://www.bodrum-bodrum.com/v2/History/Bodrum-s-Castle-of-St.Peter.html">"Castle of St Peter"</a>. <i>Bodrum Guide</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bodrum-bodrum.com/v2/History/Bodrum-s-Castle-of-St.Peter.html">the original</a> on 24 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bodrum+Guide&rft.atitle=Castle+of+St+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bodrum-bodrum.com%2Fv2%2FHistory%2FBodrum-s-Castle-of-St.Peter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinross176-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kinross176_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalfour,_Baron_Kinross1979" class="citation book cs1">Balfour, Baron Kinross, Patrick (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ottomancenturies00kinr/page/176"><i>The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire</i></a>. Harper Collins. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ottomancenturies00kinr/page/176">176</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-08093-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-08093-8"><bdi>978-0-688-08093-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ottoman+Centuries%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Turkish+Empire&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-688-08093-8&rft.aulast=Balfour%2C+Baron+Kinross&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fottomancenturies00kinr%2Fpage%2F176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeinstein" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Veinstein, G. "Süleymān". <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_1114">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=S%C3%BCleym%C4%81n&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_COM_1114&rft.aulast=Veinstein&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kmfap.net/index.php?topic_id=16">"Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem"</a>. <i>www.kmfap.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330205248/http://www.kmfap.net/index.php?topic_id=16">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kmfap.net&rft.atitle=Sovereign+Order+of+Saint+John+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kmfap.net%2Findex.php%3Ftopic_id%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond" class="citation web cs1">Diamond, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jimdiamondmd.com/malta_history.htm">"Malta History"</a>. <i>Jimdiamondmd.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308000224/http://www.jimdiamondmd.com/malta_history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jimdiamondmd.com&rft.atitle=Malta+History&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimdiamondmd.com%2Fmalta_history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated6-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated6_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204113517/http://www.carnaval.com/malta/history/knights/">"History: Knights of Malta to Present"</a>. <i>Malta Visitor Guide</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carnaval.com/malta/history/knights/">the original</a> on 4 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Malta+Visitor+Guide&rft.atitle=History%3A+Knights+of+Malta+to+Present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnaval.com%2Fmalta%2Fhistory%2Fknights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerhard_Köbler2007" class="citation book cs1">Gerhard Köbler (2007). <i>Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart</i> (7th rev. ed.). Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 264.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historisches+Lexikon+der+Deutschen+L%C3%A4nder%3A+die+deutschen+Territorien+vom+Mittelalter+bis+zur+Gegenwart&rft.place=Munich&rft.pages=264&rft.edition=7th+rev.&rft.pub=C.+H.+Beck&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Gerhard+K%C3%B6bler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugden2014" class="citation book cs1">Sugden, John (2014). <i>Nelson: The Sword of Albion</i> (illustrated ed.). Random House. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84792-276-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84792-276-2"><bdi>978-1-84792-276-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nelson%3A+The+Sword+of+Albion&rft.pages=122&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-84792-276-2&rft.aulast=Sugden&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrata2004" class="citation book cs1">Prata, Nicholas C. (2004). <i>Angels in Iron</i> (illustrated, reprint ed.). Arx. pp. <span class="nowrap">10–</span>11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-889758-56-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-889758-56-5"><bdi>978-1-889758-56-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Angels+in+Iron&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E11&rft.edition=illustrated%2C+reprint&rft.pub=Arx&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-889758-56-5&rft.aulast=Prata&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassar" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cassar, Mario. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923054701/http://www.akkademjatalmalti.com/page.asp?p=9023">"L-Istorja tal-Ilsien Malti"</a> [History of the Maltese Language]. <i>L-Akkademja tal-Malti</i> (in Maltese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akkademjatalmalti.com/page.asp?p=9023">the original</a> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L-Akkademja+tal-Malti&rft.atitle=L-Istorja+tal-Ilsien+Malti&rft.aulast=Cassar&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akkademjatalmalti.com%2Fpage.asp%3Fp%3D9023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPippidi2000" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Pippidi" title="Andrei Pippidi">Pippidi, Andrei</a> (2000). "Două portrete românești în Malta". <i>Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie</i>. <b>XVIII</b>: <span class="nowrap">177–</span>180, 182.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studii+%C8%99i+Materiale+de+Istorie+Medie&rft.atitle=Dou%C4%83+portrete+rom%C3%A2ne%C8%99ti+%C3%AEn+Malta&rft.volume=XVIII&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E177-%3C%2Fspan%3E180%2C+182&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Pippidi&rft.aufirst=Andrei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cohen-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_45-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2004" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Reuben (15 April 2004) [1920]. Julie Barkley, Bill Hershey and PG Distributed Proofreaders (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12034"><i>Knights of Malta, 1523–1798</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201015095809/http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12034">Archived</a> from the original on 15 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knights+of+Malta%2C+1523%E2%80%931798&rft.pub=Project+Gutenberg&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Reuben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F12034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated5-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated5_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080705062625/http://www.knightshospitallers.org/history.htm">"History of the Order"</a>. <i>Knights of Malta</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knightshospitallers.org/history.htm">the original</a> on 5 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Knights+of+Malta&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Order&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knightshospitallers.org%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalbi2005" class="citation book cs1">Balbi, Francesco (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l8luF8lm3DgC&pg=PA94"><i>The Siege of Malta, 1565</i></a>. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-140-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-140-2"><bdi>978-1-84383-140-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230122615/https://books.google.com/books?id=l8luF8lm3DgC&pg=PA94#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Siege+of+Malta%2C+1565&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84383-140-2&rft.aulast=Balbi&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl8luF8lm3DgC%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zum.de/whkmla/military/16cen/malta1565.htm">"Ottoman Siege of Malta, 1565"</a>. <i>World History at KMLA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231230122535/http://www.zum.de/whkmla/military/16cen/malta1565.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+History+at+KMLA&rft.atitle=Ottoman+Siege+of+Malta%2C+1565&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zum.de%2Fwhkmla%2Fmilitary%2F16cen%2Fmalta1565.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-earle-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earle_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earle_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earle_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earle_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earle_49-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarle1970" class="citation book cs1">Earle, Peter (1970). <i>Corsairs of Malta and Barbary</i>. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. pp. <span class="nowrap">97–</span>109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corsairs+of+Malta+and+Barbary&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E97-%3C%2Fspan%3E109&rft.pub=Sidgwick+%26+Jackson&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Earle&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoppen1973" class="citation journal cs1">Hoppen, Alison (April 1973). "The Finances of the Order of St John of Jerusalem in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries". <i>European Studies Review</i>. <b>3</b> (2): 106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F026569147300300201">10.1177/026569147300300201</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145115837">145115837</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=The+Finances+of+the+Order+of+St+John+of+Jerusalem+in+the+sixteenth+and+seventeenth+centuries&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=106&rft.date=1973-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F026569147300300201&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145115837%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hoppen&rft.aufirst=Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamen2000" class="citation book cs1">Kamen, Henry (2000). <i>Early Modern European Society</i>. London: Routledge. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-15865-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-15865-7"><bdi>978-0-415-15865-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+European+Society&rft.place=London&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-15865-7&rft.aulast=Kamen&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-allen-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allen_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allen_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allen_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2016" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, D.F. (April 2016). "Charles II, Louis XIV and the Order of Malta". <i>European History Quarterly</i>. <b>20</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">323–</span>340. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F026569149002000301">10.1177/026569149002000301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145141602">145141602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+History+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Charles+II%2C+Louis+XIV+and+the+Order+of+Malta&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E323-%3C%2Fspan%3E340&rft.date=2016-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F026569149002000301&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145141602%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=D.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bamford-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bamford_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bamford_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bamford_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBamford1964" class="citation journal cs1">Bamford, Paul Walden (Autumn 1964). "The Knights of Malta and the King of France, 1665–1700". <i>French Historical Studies</i>. <b>3</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">429–</span>453. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F286150">10.2307/286150</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/286150">286150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=French+Historical+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Knights+of+Malta+and+the+King+of+France%2C+1665%E2%80%931700&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E429-%3C%2Fspan%3E453&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F286150&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F286150%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bamford&rft.aufirst=Paul+Walden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacroix1964" class="citation book cs1">Lacroix, Paul (1964). <i>Military and Religious Life in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance</i>. New York: Frederick Ungar. p. 188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+and+Religious+Life+in+the+Middle+Ages+and+the+Renaissance&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=Frederick+Ungar&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Lacroix&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seward-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seward_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seward_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeward1972" class="citation book cs1">Seward, Desmond (1972). <i>The Monks of War</i>. London: Penguin.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monks+of+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Seward&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene2002" class="citation journal cs1">Greene, Molly (February 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/10794">"Beyond the Northern Invasion: The Mediterranean in the Seventeenth Century"</a>. <i>Past & Present</i> (174): 46. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpast%2F174.1.42">10.1093/past/174.1.42</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803010627/https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/10794">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+Northern+Invasion%3A+The+Mediterranean+in+the+Seventeenth+Century&rft.issue=174&rft.pages=46&rft.date=2002-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpast%2F174.1.42&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Molly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.um.edu.mt%2Flibrary%2Foar%2F%2Fhandle%2F123456789%2F10794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724182811/http://www.orderofmalta.org.uk/history.htm">"History of the Order 1066–1999"</a>. <i>Order of Malta UK</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orderofmalta.org.uk/history.htm">the original</a> on 24 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Order+of+Malta+UK&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Order+1066%E2%80%931999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.org.uk%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonnassieux1892" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bonnassieux, Louis Jean Pierre Marie (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9692870s.texteImage"><i>Les grandes compagnies de commerce: étude pour servir à l'histoire de la colonisation</i></a> (in French). Paris: Plon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127234530/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9692870s.texteImage">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+grandes+compagnies+de+commerce%3A+%C3%A9tude+pour+servir+%C3%A0+l%27histoire+de+la+colonisation&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Plon&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Bonnassieux&rft.aufirst=Louis+Jean+Pierre+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k9692870s.texteImage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robinson-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Robinson_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1906" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, J.H., ed. (1906). "The Decree Abolishing the Feudal System". <i>Readings in European History 2 Vols</i>. <b>2</b>. Boston: Ginn: <span class="nowrap">404–</span>409.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Readings+in+European+History+2+Vols.&rft.atitle=The+Decree+Abolishing+the+Feudal+System&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E404-%3C%2Fspan%3E409&rft.date=1906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cole-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cole_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cole_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2007" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Juan (2007). <i>Napoleon's Egypt: Invading the Middle East</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. <span class="nowrap">8–</span>10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%27s+Egypt%3A+Invading+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E10&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Juan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter1858" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Whitworth_Porter" title="Whitworth Porter">Porter, Whitworth</a> (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistoryknights05portgoog"><i>A History of the Knights of Malta</i></a>. London: Longman, Brown, Green. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ahistoryknights05portgoog/page/n474">457</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Knights+of+Malta&rft.place=London&rft.pages=457&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Brown%2C+Green&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Whitworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fahistoryknights05portgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.focusmm.com/malta/ma_hist3.htm">"The Knights of Malta"</a>. <i>Focus on Malta</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304043839/http://www.focusmm.com/malta/ma_hist3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Focus+on+Malta&rft.atitle=The+Knights+of+Malta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.focusmm.com%2Fmalta%2Fma_hist3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStair_Sainty2000" class="citation web cs1">Stair Sainty, Guy (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306192355/http://www.chivalricorders.org/orders/smom/maltmod.htm">"From the loss of Malta to the modern era"</a>. <i>ChivalricOrders.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chivalricorders.org/orders/smom/maltmod.htm">the original</a> on 6 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChivalricOrders.org&rft.atitle=From+the+loss+of+Malta+to+the+modern+era&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Stair+Sainty&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chivalricorders.org%2Forders%2Fsmom%2Fmaltmod.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMairav2013" class="citation web cs1">Mairav, Zonszein (5 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130808051440/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130805-archaeology-israel-jerusalem-crusader-middle-east-excavation/">"Mideast's Largest Crusader-Era Hospital Unveiled"</a>. National Geographic Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130805-archaeology-israel-jerusalem-crusader-middle-east-excavation/">the original</a> on 8 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mideast%27s+Largest+Crusader-Era+Hospital+Unveiled&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society.&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft.aulast=Mairav&rft.aufirst=Zonszein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F13%2F130805-archaeology-israel-jerusalem-crusader-middle-east-excavation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCreery2008-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCreery2008_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCreery2008" class="citation book cs1">McCreery, Christopher (2008). <i>The Maple Leaf and the White Cross: A History of St. John Ambulance and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Canada</i>. Dundurn. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77070-280-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77070-280-6"><bdi>978-1-77070-280-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Maple+Leaf+and+the+White+Cross%3A+A+History+of+St.+John+Ambulance+and+the+Most+Venerable+Order+of+the+Hospital+of+St.+John+of+Jerusalem+in+Canada&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-77070-280-6&rft.aulast=McCreery&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/history/">"Sovereign Order of Malta – official site"</a>. Orderofmalta.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161120150353/https://www.orderofmalta.int/history/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sovereign+Order+of+Malta+%E2%80%93+official+site&rft.pub=Orderofmalta.int&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStair_SaintyHeydel-Mankoo2006" class="citation book cs1">Stair Sainty, Guy; Heydel-Mankoo, Rafal, eds. (2006). <i>World Orders of Knighthood and Merit</i>. Wilmington: Burke's Peerage & Gentry. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9711966-7-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9711966-7-4"><bdi>978-0-9711966-7-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Orders+of+Knighthood+and+Merit&rft.place=Wilmington&rft.pub=Burke%27s+Peerage+%26+Gentry&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9711966-7-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121201004149/http://www.un.org/en/members/intergovorg.shtml">"Organisations granted Observer Status in the General Assembly"</a>. United Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/members/intergovorg.shtml">the original</a> on 1 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Organisations+granted+Observer+Status+in+the+General+Assembly&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fmembers%2Fintergovorg.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span>{}</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-21388516">"Knights of Malta Catholic order celebrates 900 years"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220831112820/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-21388516">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Knights+of+Malta+Catholic+order+celebrates+900+years&rft.date=2013-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-21388516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allianceofstjohn.org/">"Origins of the Order"</a>. <i>The Alliance of the Orders of St John</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100501093718/http://www.allianceofstjohn.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Alliance+of+the+Orders+of+St+John&rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+Order&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allianceofstjohn.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/diplomatic-activities/bilateral-relations/">"Bilateral Relations"</a>. <i>Order of Malta</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625205913/https://www.orderofmalta.int/diplomatic-activities/bilateral-relations/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Order+of+Malta&rft.atitle=Bilateral+Relations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fdiplomatic-activities%2Fbilateral-relations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/diplomatic-activities/multilateral-relations/">"Multilateral Relations"</a>. <i>Order of Malta</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009093650/http://www.orderofmalta.int/diplomatic-relations/755/multilateral-relations/?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Order+of+Malta&rft.atitle=Multilateral+Relations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fdiplomatic-activities%2Fmultilateral-relations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/press-releases/the-order-of-malta-clarifies-press-reported-figure-on-passports-issued-currently-500-passports-in-circulation/">"The Order of Malta clarifies press reported figure on passports issued: currently 500 passports in circulation"</a>. <i>Sovereign Order of Malta</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220831112823/https://www.orderofmalta.int/press-releases/the-order-of-malta-clarifies-press-reported-figure-on-passports-issued-currently-500-passports-in-circulation/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sovereign+Order+of+Malta&rft.atitle=The+Order+of+Malta+clarifies+press+reported+figure+on+passports+issued%3A+currently+500+passports+in+circulation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fpress-releases%2Fthe-order-of-malta-clarifies-press-reported-figure-on-passports-issued-currently-500-passports-in-circulation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignaffairs.gov.mt/en/Treaties%20Series/Pages/Treaties%20Documents/SMOM---Agreement-between-the-Government-of-Malta-and-the-Government-of-the-Sovereign-Hospitaller-Order-of-Saint-John-of-Jer.aspx">"Agreement between the Government of Malta and the Government of the Sovereign Hospitalier Order of Saint John"</a>. <i>Maltese Ministry of Foreign Affairs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204101847/https://foreignaffairs.gov.mt/en/Treaties%20Series/Pages/Treaties%20Documents/SMOM---Agreement-between-the-Government-of-Malta-and-the-Government-of-the-Sovereign-Hospitaller-Order-of-Saint-John-of-Jer.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maltese+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Agreement+between+the+Government+of+Malta+and+the+Government+of+the+Sovereign+Hospitalier+Order+of+Saint+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignaffairs.gov.mt%2Fen%2FTreaties%2520Series%2FPages%2FTreaties%2520Documents%2FSMOM---Agreement-between-the-Government-of-Malta-and-the-Government-of-the-Sovereign-Hospitaller-Order-of-Saint-John-of-Jer.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/news/historical-legacy-migration-and-fort-st-angelo-discussed-during-the-grand-masters-state-visit-to-the-republic-of-malta/">"Historical Legacy, Migration and Fort St. Angelo discussed during the Grand Master's State Visit to the Republic of Malta"</a>. <i>Order of Malta</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815085611/https://www.orderofmalta.int/news/historical-legacy-migration-and-fort-st-angelo-discussed-during-the-grand-masters-state-visit-to-the-republic-of-malta/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Order+of+Malta&rft.atitle=Historical+Legacy%2C+Migration+and+Fort+St.+Angelo+discussed+during+the+Grand+Master%27s+State+Visit+to+the+Republic+of+Malta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmalta.int%2Fnews%2Fhistorical-legacy-migration-and-fort-st-angelo-discussed-during-the-grand-masters-state-visit-to-the-republic-of-malta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orderofstjohn.org/">"Home Page"</a>. <i>St John International</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426092810/http://www.orderofstjohn.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St+John+International&rft.atitle=Home+Page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofstjohn.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stjohneyehospital.org/resources/history-of-the-order-of-st-john">"History of the Order of St John"</a>. <i>St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005738/https://www.stjohneyehospital.org/resources/history-of-the-order-of-st-john">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St+John+of+Jerusalem+Eye+Hospital+Group&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Order+of+St+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stjohneyehospital.org%2Fresources%2Fhistory-of-the-order-of-st-john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dijkhof-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dijkhof_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDijkhofDijkhof2006" class="citation book cs1">Dijkhof, Hans J. Hoegen; Dijkhof, Hendrik Johannes Hoegen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/4576/thesis.pdf;jsessionid=A63B392DA31855CB35A997EB3DEE5C51?sequence=4"><i>The Legitimacy of Orders of St. John: A Historical and Legal Analysis and Case Study of a Para-religious Phenomenon</i></a>. Hoegen Dijkhof Advocaten. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6550-954-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6550-954-3"><bdi>978-90-6550-954-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170414190235/https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/4576/thesis.pdf;jsessionid=A63B392DA31855CB35A997EB3DEE5C51?sequence=4">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legitimacy+of+Orders+of+St.+John%3A+A+Historical+and+Legal+Analysis+and+Case+Study+of+a+Para-religious+Phenomenon&rft.pub=Hoegen+Dijkhof+Advocaten&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-6550-954-3&rft.aulast=Dijkhof&rft.aufirst=Hans+J.+Hoegen&rft.au=Dijkhof%2C+Hendrik+Johannes+Hoegen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenaccess.leidenuniv.nl%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1887%2F4576%2Fthesis.pdf%3Bjsessionid%3DA63B392DA31855CB35A997EB3DEE5C51%3Fsequence%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated7-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStair_Sainty" class="citation web cs1">Stair Sainty, Guy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081019104433/http://www.chivalricorders.org/orders/self-styled/selfsty2.htm">"The Self-Styled Orders of Saint John (Part II)"</a>. <i>Chivalric Orders</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chivalricorders.org/orders/self-styled/selfsty2.htm">the original</a> on 19 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chivalric+Orders&rft.atitle=The+Self-Styled+Orders+of+Saint+John+%28Part+II%29&rft.aulast=Stair+Sainty&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chivalricorders.org%2Forders%2Fself-styled%2Fselfsty2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fitz-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fitz_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fitz_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fitz_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fitz_81-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kennedy, John Joseph Fitzpatrick (Spring 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theheraldrysociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CoA-215-Kennedy-paper.pdf">"Some External Insignia of Office for Dignitaries of the Order of St John of Jerusalem, Cyprus, Rhodes and Malta"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Coat of Arms</i> (Third series, Volume IV, Part 1, Number 215 in the original series started in 1952). <a href="/wiki/Burnham,_Buckinghamshire" title="Burnham, Buckinghamshire">Burnham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slough" title="Slough">Slough</a>: The Heraldry Society: 7–15 [8]. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-003X">0010-003X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211103022120/https://www.theheraldrysociety.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/CoA-215-Kennedy-paper.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Coat+of+Arms&rft.atitle=Some+External+Insignia+of+Office+for+Dignitaries+of+the+Order+of+St+John+of+Jerusalem%2C+Cyprus%2C+Rhodes+and+Malta&rft.ssn=spring&rft.issue=Third+series%2C+Volume+IV%2C+Part+1%2C+Number+215+in+the+original+series+started+in+1952&rft.pages=7-15+8&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0010-003X&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=John+Joseph+Fitzpatrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theheraldrysociety.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F10%2FCoA-215-Kennedy-paper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf20083–4,_19-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf20083–4,_19_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, pp. 3–4, 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf200834–36-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf200834–36_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgtorf200834–36_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgtorf2008">Burgtorf 2008</a>, pp. 34–36.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldwinSetton1969" class="citation book cs1">Baldwin, Marshal W.; <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Setton" title="Kenneth Setton">Setton, Kenneth M.</a>, eds. (1969). <i>A History of the Crusades, Volume I: The First Hundred Years</i>. Madison: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades%2C+Volume+I%3A+The+First+Hundred+Years&rft.place=Madison&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_W._Ball" title="David W. Ball">Ball, David</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ironfirenoveloft00ball"><i>Ironfire</i></a>. Bantam Dell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-33601-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-33601-2"><bdi>0-385-33601-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ironfire&rft.pub=Bantam+Dell&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-385-33601-2&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fironfirenoveloft00ball&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerthod2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Berthod" title="Bernard Berthod">Berthod, Bernard</a> (2010). <i>Grandes figures de l'Ordre de Malte</i> (in French). Artège Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-36040-405-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-36040-405-6"><bdi>978-2-36040-405-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grandes+figures+de+l%27Ordre+de+Malte&rft.pub=Art%C3%A8ge+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2-36040-405-6&rft.aulast=Berthod&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradford1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernle_Bradford" title="Ernle Bradford">Bradford, Ernle</a> (1972). <i>The Shield and the Sword</i>. London: Harper Collins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shield+and+the+Sword&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=Ernle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgtorf2008" class="citation book cs1">Burgtorf, Jochen (2008). <i>The Central Convent of Hospitallers and Templars: History, Organization, and Personnel (1099/1120-1310)</i>. Leiden: Brill Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16660-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16660-8"><bdi>978-90-04-16660-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Central+Convent+of+Hospitallers+and+Templars%3A+History%2C+Organization%2C+and+Personnel+%281099%2F1120-1310%29&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16660-8&rft.aulast=Burgtorf&rft.aufirst=Jochen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley2008" class="citation book cs1">Crowley, Roger (2008). <i>Empires of the Sea: The Siege of Malta, the Battle of Lepanto, and the Contest for the Center of the World</i>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6624-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6624-7"><bdi>978-1-4000-6624-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+of+the+Sea%3A+The+Siege+of+Malta%2C+the+Battle+of+Lepanto%2C+and+the+Contest+for+the+Center+of+the+World&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-6624-7&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenech2011" class="citation book cs1">Fenech, Marthese (2011). <i>Eight Pointed Cross</i>. BDL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99957-33-08-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-99957-33-08-7"><bdi>978-99957-33-08-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eight+Pointed+Cross&rft.pub=BDL&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-99957-33-08-7&rft.aulast=Fenech&rft.aufirst=Marthese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenech2020" class="citation book cs1">Fenech, Marthese (2020). <i>Falcon's Shadow</i>. BDL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99182-10-44-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-99182-10-44-2"><bdi>978-99182-10-44-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Falcon%27s+Shadow&rft.pub=BDL&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-99182-10-44-2&rft.aulast=Fenech&rft.aufirst=Marthese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenech2022" class="citation book cs1">Fenech, Marthese (2022). <i>Ash Fall</i>. BDL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99182-11-60-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-99182-11-60-9"><bdi>978-99182-11-60-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ash+Fall&rft.pub=BDL&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-99182-11-60-9&rft.aulast=Fenech&rft.aufirst=Marthese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForeyLuttrell1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Forey" title="Alan Forey">Forey, Alan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Luttrell" title="Anthony Luttrell">Luttrell, Anthony</a> (1995). Riley-Smith, Jonathan (ed.). <i>The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-285428-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-285428-5"><bdi>978-0-19-285428-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Illustrated+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-285428-5&rft.aulast=Forey&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Luttrell%2C+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGauci2016" class="citation book cs1">Gauci, Liam (2016). <i>In the Name of the Prince: Maltese Corsairs 1760–1798</i>. Malta: Heritage Malta Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99932-57-37-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-99932-57-37-0"><bdi>978-99932-57-37-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Name+of+the+Prince%3A+Maltese+Corsairs+1760%E2%80%931798&rft.place=Malta&rft.pub=Heritage+Malta+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-99932-57-37-0&rft.aulast=Gauci&rft.aufirst=Liam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoegen_Dijkhof2006" class="citation book cs1">Hoegen Dijkhof, Hans J. (2006). <i>The Legitimacy of Orders of St. John: a historical and legal analysis and case study of a para-religious phenomenon</i>. Doctoral thesis. Leiden: University of Leiden. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6550-954-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-6550-954-2"><bdi>90-6550-954-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legitimacy+of+Orders+of+St.+John%3A+a+historical+and+legal+analysis+and+case+study+of+a+para-religious+phenomenon&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Doctoral+thesis&rft.pub=University+of+Leiden&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=90-6550-954-2&rft.aulast=Hoegen+Dijkhof&rft.aufirst=Hans+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevaye2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Levaye" title="Patrick Levaye">Levaye, Patrick</a> (2007). <i>Géopolitique du Catholicisme</i>. Éditions Ellipses. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7298-3523-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7298-3523-1"><bdi>978-2-7298-3523-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%A9opolitique+du+Catholicisme&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Ellipses&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-2-7298-3523-1&rft.aulast=Levaye&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindgren1999" class="citation journal cs1">Lindgren, Carl Edwin (September–October 1999). "Some Notes About the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in the U.S.A". <i>Nobilita (Rivista di Araldica, Genealogia, Ordini Cavallereschi)</i>. <b>7</b> (32). Istituto Araldico Genealogico Italiano.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nobilita+%28Rivista+di+Araldica%2C+Genealogia%2C+Ordini+Cavallereschi%29&rft.atitle=Some+Notes+About+the+Sovereign+Military+Order+of+Malta+in+the+U.S.A&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=32&rft.date=1999-09%2F1999-10&rft.aulast=Lindgren&rft.aufirst=Carl+Edwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helen_J._Nicholson" title="Helen J. Nicholson">Nicholson, Helen J.</a> (2001). <i>The Knights Hospitaller</i>. Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84383-038-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-84383-038-8"><bdi>1-84383-038-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Knights+Hospitaller&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-84383-038-8&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Helen+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoonan1996" class="citation book cs1">Noonan, James-Charles Jr. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/churchvisiblecer0000noon/page/196"><i>The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church</i></a>. Viking. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/churchvisiblecer0000noon/page/196">196</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-86745-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-86745-4"><bdi>0-670-86745-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Church+Visible%3A+The+Ceremonial+Life+and+Protocol+of+the+Roman+Catholic+Church&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-670-86745-4&rft.aulast=Noonan&rft.aufirst=James-Charles+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchurchvisiblecer0000noon%2Fpage%2F196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeyrefitte1960" class="citation book cs1">Peyrefitte, Roger (1960). <i>Knights of Malta</i>. Translated from the French by Edward Hyams. London: Secker & Warburg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knights+of+Malta&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Secker+%26+Warburg&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Peyrefitte&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Alison_Phillips" title="Walter Alison Phillips">Phillips, Walter Alison</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/St John of Jerusalem, Knights of the Order of the Hospital of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/St_John_of_Jerusalem,_Knights_of_the_Order_of_the_Hospital_of">"St John of Jerusalem, Knights of the Order of the Hospital of" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">12–</span>19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St+John+of+Jerusalem%2C+Knights+of+the+Order+of+the+Hospital+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E12-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Walter+Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRead1999" class="citation book cs1">Read, Piers Paul (1999). <i>The Templars</i>. Imago. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/85-312-0735-5" title="Special:BookSources/85-312-0735-5"><bdi>85-312-0735-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Templars&rft.pages=118&rft.pub=Imago&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=85-312-0735-5&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Piers+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley-Smith2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Riley-Smith" title="Jonathan Riley-Smith">Riley-Smith, Jonathan</a> (2012). <i>The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant, c.1070–1309</i>. Palgrave Macmillian. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-29083-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-29083-9"><bdi>978-0-230-29083-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Knights+Hospitaller+in+the+Levant%2C+c.1070%E2%80%931309&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillian&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-29083-9&rft.aulast=Riley-Smith&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Runciman, Steven</a> (1951). <i>A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-06162-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-06162-8"><bdi>0-521-06162-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades%2C+Volume+II%3A+The+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem+and+the+Frankish+East%2C+1100%E2%80%931187&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1951&rft.isbn=0-521-06162-8&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyerman2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tyerman" title="Christopher Tyerman">Tyerman, Christopher</a> (2006). <i>God's War: A New History of the Crusades</i>. Allen Lane. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7139-9220-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7139-9220-4"><bdi>0-7139-9220-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+War%3A+A+New+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7139-9220-4&rft.aulast=Tyerman&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2017" class="citation book cs1">White, Joshua M. (2017). <i>Piracy and Law in the Ottoman Mediterranean</i>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-503-60252-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-503-60252-6"><bdi>978-1-503-60252-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Piracy+and+Law+in+the+Ottoman+Mediterranean&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-503-60252-6&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Joshua+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBom2012" class="citation book cs1">Bom, Myra Miranda (2012). <i>Women in the military orders of the crusades</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-08830-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-08830-7"><bdi>978-1-137-08830-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1058540900">1058540900</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+military+orders+of+the+crusades&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1058540900&rft.isbn=978-1-137-08830-7&rft.aulast=Bom&rft.aufirst=Myra+Miranda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnights+Hospitaller" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Order_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Order of Saint John of Jerusalem">Order of Saint John of Jerusalem</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Latin <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="la" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Carta_fratrum_hospitalis_Sancti_Johannis_burgensibus_Gibelini" class="extiw" title="s:la:Carta fratrum hospitalis Sancti Johannis burgensibus Gibelini">Charter for the settlement of Bethgibelin, 1168</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orderofmalta.int/">Sovereign Military Order of Malta official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdm.csbsju.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/SJRareBooks/id/13118/rec/30">Rare Histoire des Chevaliers de L'Ordre de S. Jean de Hierusalem</a> Rare Book on Knights of St. John</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=36282">Houses of Knights Hospitallers, British History Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armadale.org.uk/preceptory.htm">Knights Hospitaller of the Order of St John of Jerusalem in Scotland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606084033/http://www.armadale.org.uk/preceptory.htm">Archived</a> 6 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stjohnscotland.org.uk/index.php/2012-12-16-12-49-29/96-history-of-the-order">History of the Order of St John in Scotland</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/vatican-celebrates-knights-maltas-900-years-102612935.html">"Vatican celebrates Knights of Malta's 900 years" by Nicole Winfield, Associated Press, Feb 9, 2013</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museumstjohn.org.uk/">Museum of the Order of St John</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crusader_states246" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crusader_states" title="Template:Crusader states"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crusader_states" title="Template talk:Crusader states"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crusader_states" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crusader states"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crusader_states246" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_states" title="List of Crusader states">List of Crusader states</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outremer" class="mw-redirect" title="Outremer">Levant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vassals_of_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem">vassals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commune_of_Antioch" title="Commune of Antioch">Antioch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Edessa" title="County of Edessa">County of Edessa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Marash" title="Lordship of Marash">Marash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Kingdom of Cyprus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/100px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/150px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/200px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frankokratia" title="Frankokratia">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Empire" title="Latin Empire">Latin Empire of Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Philippopolis" title="Duchy of Philippopolis">Duchy of Philippopolis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Thessalonica" title="Kingdom of Thessalonica">Kingdom of Thessalonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea" title="Principality of Achaea">Principality of Achaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Duchy of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Neopatras" title="Duchy of Neopatras">Duchy of Neopatras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_the_Archipelago" title="Duchy of the Archipelago">Duchy of the Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triarchy_of_Negroponte" title="Triarchy of Negroponte">Triarchy of Negroponte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Palatine_of_Cephalonia_and_Zakynthos" title="County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos">County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Argos_and_Nauplia" title="Lordship of Argos and Nauplia">Lordship of Argos and Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> <a href="/wiki/Stato_da_M%C3%A0r" title="Stato da Màr">Stato da Màr</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knights Hospitaller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Hospitaller Rhodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa#Territories_during_the_Middle_Ages" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoese colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prussia_(region)" title="Prussia (region)">Prussia</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">Livonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order">State of the Teutonic Order</a>* <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword" title="Livonian Brothers of the Sword">Livonian Brothers of the Sword</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Riga" title="Archbishopric of Riga">Archbishopric of Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Courland" title="Bishopric of Courland">Bishopric of Courland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Dorpat" title="Bishopric of Dorpat">Bishopric of Dorpat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_%C3%96sel%E2%80%93Wiek" title="Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek">Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrzy%C5%84_Land" title="Dobrzyń Land">Dobrzyń Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Dobrzy%C5%84" title="Order of Dobrzyń">Order of Dobrzyń</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Free City of Riga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crusader_sites811" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crusader_sites" title="Template:Crusader sites"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Crusader_sites" title="Template talk:Crusader sites"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crusader_sites" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crusader sites"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crusader_sites811" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusader</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles" title="List of Crusader castles">sites</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Sorted_by_modern_states,_with_crusader_names_in_parentheses_()145">Sorted by modern states, with crusader <i>names in parentheses</i> ()</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Cyprus" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Egypt" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Greece" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_monastery_in_Abu_Ghosh" title="Benedictine monastery in Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a> (<i>Fontenoid</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achziv</a> (<i>Casal Imbertia</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel#Knights'_Halls" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a> (<i>Saint Jean d'Acre</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonia%E2%80%93Arsuf" title="Apollonia–Arsuf">Apollonia–Arsuf</a> (<i>Arsur</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ascalon</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastelet" title="Chastelet">Ateret Fortress</a> (<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jacob%27s_Ford" title="Siege of Jacob's Ford">siege</a>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazur" title="Yazur">Yazur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Itab" title="Bayt 'Itab">Bayt 'Itab</a> (<i>Bethaatap</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/17px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/26px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/34px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin" title="Bayt Jibrin">Bayt Jibrin</a> (<i>Beth Gibelin</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a> (<i>Bethsan</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Castle_(Israel)" title="Belvoir Castle (Israel)">Belvoir Fortress</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgata" title="Burgata">Burgata</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafarlet" title="Cafarlet">Cafarlet</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_P%C3%A8lerin" title="Château Pèlerin">Château Pèlerin</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Destroit" title="Le Destroit">Destroit</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Burj,_Ramle" title="Al-Burj, Ramle">Castle Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hemed" title="Ein Hemed">Ein Hemed</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Crusader_period" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jerusalem during the Crusader period">Jerusalem</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/17px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/26px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/34px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazarus_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/17px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/26px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/34px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> (<i>Caypha</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">Latrun</a> (<i>Toron</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunin" title="Hunin">Hunin</a> (<i>Château Neuf</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ilya" title="Mi'ilya">Mi'ilya</a> (<i>Castellum Regis</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_Afek" title="Migdal Afek">Migdal Afek</a> (<i>Mirabel</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Castle" title="Montfort Castle">Montfort</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalansawe" title="Qalansawe">Qalansawe</a> (<i>Calanson</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaqun" title="Qaqun">Qaqun</a> (<i>Caco</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastal,_Jerusalem" title="Al-Qastal, Jerusalem">Qastal</a> (<i>Beauverium</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qula" title="Qula">Qula</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a> (<i>Saphet</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taibe,_Galilee" title="Taibe, Galilee">Taibe</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Afek" title="Tel Afek">Tel Afek</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hanaton" title="Tel Hanaton">Tel Hanaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="Tell es-Safi">Tell es-Safi</a> (<i>Blanche Garde</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Tanninim" title="Tel Tanninim">Tel Tanninim (<i>Torin Selin</i>)</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba,_Jerusalem" title="Suba, Jerusalem">Suba</a> (<i>Belmont</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Yokneam" title="Tel Yokneam">Tel Yokneam</a> (<i>Caymont</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibna" title="Yibna">Yavne</a> (<i>Ibelin</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a> (<i>La Sephorie</i>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Khalid" title="Umm Khalid">Umm Khalid</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem"><img alt="Kingdom of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Jiddin" title="Khirbat Jiddin">Khirbat Jiddin</a> (<i>Judin</i>) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajloun_Castle" title="Ajloun Castle">Ajloun Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerak_Castle" title="Kerak Castle">Kerak Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_(castle)" title="Montreal (castle)">Montreal</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafilah" title="Tafilah">Tafilah</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27ayra_Castle" title="Wu'ayra Castle">Vaux Moise</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Batroun</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Castle,_Lebanon" title="Beaufort Castle, Lebanon">Beaufort Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut_Castle" title="Beirut Castle">Beirut Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belhacem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belhacem (page does not exist)">Belhacem</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos_Castle" title="Byblos Castle">Byblos Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Tripoli" title="Citadel of Tripoli">Citadel of Tripoli</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaqra,_Lebanon#Doubay_or_'Qal'at_ad-Dubba" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaqra, Lebanon">Dubay Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibelacar" title="Gibelacar">Gibelacar</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliath" title="Coliath">Coliath</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Kifa#Castle" title="Deir Kifa">Deir Kifa Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasbaya#The_Citadel" title="Hasbaya">Hasbaya Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moinetre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moinetre (page does not exist)">Moinetre</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mseilha_Fort" title="Mseilha Fort">Puy du Connétable, Castrum Constabularii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Nephin</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_Castle" title="Saint Louis Castle">Saint Louis Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandelion_Castle" title="Scandelion Castle">Scandelion Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon_Sea_Castle" title="Sidon Sea Castle">Sidon Sea Castle</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toron" title="Toron">Toron</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/17px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/26px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg/34px-Blason_Royaume_de_J%C3%A9rusalem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Syria" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles#Turkey" title="List of Crusader castles">More</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Associations</dt> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/17px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/26px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/34px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knights Hospitaller</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/17px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/26px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg/34px-Croix_de_l_Ordre_du_Saint-Sepulcre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knights_Templar_Cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/17px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/26px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knights_Templar_Cross.svg/34px-Knights_Templar_Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lazarus_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/17px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/26px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Lazarus_cross.svg/34px-Lazarus_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus" title="Order of Saint Lazarus">Order of Saint Lazarus</a></dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/15px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/23px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg/30px-Insignia_Germany_Order_Teutonic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Order</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_topics_20px&#124;Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta1698" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Template:Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Template talk:Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_topics_20px&#124;Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta1698" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> topics <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_(variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="649" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">order of chivalry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign subject</a> of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>, founded in 1099 in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Governance" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Council of the Order of Malta">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_General_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Chapter General of the Order of Malta">Chapter General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">Grand Priories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commanderies_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Commanderies of the Order of Saint John">Commanderies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langue_(Knights_Hospitaller)" title="Langue (Knights Hospitaller)">Langues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Diplomatic missions of</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_to_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Diplomatic missions to</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_permanent_observers_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of permanent observers of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">Auxiliaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix-de-Malte.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/15px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/23px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/30px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Malteser_International" title="Malteser International">Malteser International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Malta_Ambulance_Corps" title="Order of Malta Ambulance Corps">Order of Malta Ambulance Corps</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_Hospitalier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/15px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/23px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/30px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Military_Corps_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Hospitaller_Order_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem_of_Rhodes_and_of_Malta" title="Military Corps of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta">Military Corps</a></li> <li><i>Historically</i>: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_SMOM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/15px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/23px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/30px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Air_force" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Air Force</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/15px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/23px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/30px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="6300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Navy of the Order of Saint John">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_line_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="List of ships of the line of the Order of Saint John">Ships of the line</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Flag and coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Crux_Alba" title="Ave Crux Alba">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_passport" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_scudo" title="Maltese scudo">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Postal system</a></li> <li><i>Historically</i>: <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Malta" title="Slavery in Malta">Slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a>,<br />including<br />major<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_Hospitaller_sites" title="List of Knights Hospitaller sites">sites</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Commanderies_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Commanderies of the Order of Saint John">commanderies</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Castles_and_fortifications_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Castles and fortifications of the Knights Hospitaller">premises</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Battles involving the Knights Hospitaller">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Palazzo Malta</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">capital</a></i>) (1869)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Priorato_di_Malta" title="Villa del Priorato di Malta">Villa del Priorato di Malta</a> (1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Malta</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Malta" title="Fortifications of Malta">Fortifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Birgu" title="Fortifications of Birgu">Birgu</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Angelo" title="Fort St. Angelo">Fort St Angelo</a> (2001))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Senglea" title="Fortifications of Senglea">Senglea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Michael" title="Fort Saint Michael">Fort St Michael</a>)<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Mdina" title="Fortifications of Mdina">Mdina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Valletta" title="Fortifications of Valletta">Valletta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Elmo" title="Fort Saint Elmo">Fort St Elmo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cittadella_(Gozo)" title="Cittadella (Gozo)">Cittadella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriana_Lines" title="Floriana Lines">Floriana Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Margherita_Lines" title="Santa Margherita Lines">Santa Margherita Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonera_Lines" title="Cottonera Lines">Cottonera Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ricasoli" title="Fort Ricasoli">Fort Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Manoel" title="Fort Manoel">Fort Manoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Chambray" title="Fort Chambray">Fort Chambray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tign%C3%A9" title="Fort Tigné">Fort Tigné</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_fortifications_in_Malta" title="List of fortifications in Malta">others</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">Palaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster%27s_Palace_(Valletta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandmaster's Palace (Valletta)">Grand Master's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilhena_Palace" title="Vilhena Palace">Vilhena Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdala_Palace" title="Verdala Palace">Verdala Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Anton_Palace" title="San Anton Palace">San Anton Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Co-Cathedral" title="Saint John's Co-Cathedral">St John (Conventual Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Liesse" title="Church of Our Lady of Liesse">Our Lady of Liesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Pilar,_Valletta" title="Church of Our Lady of Pilar, Valletta">Our Lady of Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Victory_(Valletta)" title="Church of Our Lady of Victory (Valletta)">Our Lady of Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Barbara,_Valletta" title="Church of Saint Barbara, Valletta">St Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Italy,_Valletta" title="Church of Saint Catherine of Italy, Valletta">St Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_Saint_Lawrence,_Vittoriosa" title="Collegiate Church of Saint Lawrence, Vittoriosa">St Lawrence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auberges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Birgu" title="Birgu">Birgu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Allemagne,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Allemagne, Birgu">Allemagne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Angleterre" title="Auberge d'Angleterre">Angleterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Aragon,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Aragon, Birgu">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Auvergne_et_Provence" title="Auberge d'Auvergne et Provence">Auvergne et Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille_et_Portugal" title="Auberge de Castille et Portugal">Castille et Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_France,_Birgu" title="Auberge de France, Birgu">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Italie,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Italie, Birgu">Italie</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Allemagne" title="Auberge d'Allemagne">Allemagne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Aragon" title="Auberge d'Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Auvergne" title="Auberge d'Auvergne">Auvergne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Bavi%C3%A8re" title="Auberge de Bavière">Bavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille" title="Auberge de Castille">Castille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_France" title="Auberge de France">France</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Italie" title="Auberge d'Italie">Italie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Provence" title="Auberge de Provence">Provence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Rhodes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Rhodes" title="Fortifications of Rhodes">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Knights_of_Rhodes" title="Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes">Palace of the Grand Master</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Saint John d'Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_monastery_in_Abu_Ghosh" title="Benedictine monastery in Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvoir Fortress">Belvoir Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastel_Rouge" title="Chastel Rouge">Chastel Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist,_Ein_Karem,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint John the Baptist, Ein Karem, Jerusalem">Church of Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Germans" title="Church of Saint Mary of the Germans">Church of Saint Mary of the Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliath" title="Coliath">Coliath</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibelacar" title="Gibelacar">Gibelacar</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Krak des Chevaliers">Krak des Chevaliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margat" title="Margat">Margat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Tripoli" title="Hospitaller Tripoli">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Heitersheim" title="Principality of Heitersheim">Principality of Heitersheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Hospitaller colonization of the Americas">Colonization of the Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">Military<br />history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" title="Sixth Crusade">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_crusade" title="Lord Edward's crusade">9th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Battles involving the Knights Hospitaller">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">Siege of Jerusalem (1187)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">Battle of Arsuf (1191)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">Siege of Acre (1291)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_conquest_of_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes">Conquest of Rhodes</a> (1306–1310)</li> <li>Sieges of Rhodes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1444)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1444)">1444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1480)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1480)">1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1522)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1522)">1522</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Mahdia_(1550)" title="Capture of Mahdia (1550)">Capture of Mahdia</a> (1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Gozo_(1551)" title="Invasion of Gozo (1551)">Invasion of Gozo</a> (1551)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1551)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1551)">Siege of Tripoli</a> (1551)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta</a> (1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Battle of Lepanto</a> (1571)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Kerkennah_Islands" title="Raid on the Kerkennah Islands">Raid on the Kerkennah Islands</a> (1611)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_%C5%BBejtun" title="Raid on Żejtun">Raid on Żejtun</a> (1614)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(1621)" title="Battle of Chios (1621)">Battle of Chios</a> (1621)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palermo_(1624)" title="Battle of Palermo (1624)">Battle of Palermo</a> (1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Tunis" title="Battle of the Gulf of Tunis">Battle of the Gulf of Tunis</a> (1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dalmatian_Coast" title="Battle of the Dalmatian Coast">Battle of the Dalmatian Coast</a> (1624)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Damietta_(1732)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Damietta (1732) (page does not exist)">Battle of Damietta</a> (1732)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">Loss of Malta</a> (1798)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Extant <i><a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritoriality</a></i> (with year of proclamation)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span> Demolished or sparse remains</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187549#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1574" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187549#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1574" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187549#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123250385">ISNI</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/43583-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85062279">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Maltézští rytíři"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20010711430&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=164976">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hftx31s124w98h7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007529259505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058516748506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026592290">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/011721">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=12524">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&oldid=1274801093">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&oldid=1274801093</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1113_establishments_in_Asia" title="Category:1113 establishments in Asia">1113 establishments in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1113_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1113 establishments in Europe">1113 establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_organizations_established_in_the_1110s" title="Category:Religious organizations established in the 1110s">Religious organizations established in the 1110s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1913_Catholic_Encyclopedia_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference">Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Maltese-language_sources_(mt)" title="Category:CS1 Maltese-language sources (mt)">CS1 Maltese-language sources (mt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2022">Use dmy dates from June 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_November_2018" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from November 2018">Articles with failed verification from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 February 2025, at 09:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knights_Hospitaller&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Knights Hospitaller</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>57 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-7jbzs","wgBackendResponseTime":151,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.547","walltime":"1.783","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17623,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":392771,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":32406,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":23,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":326784,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1475.184 1 -total"," 23.86% 351.977 2 Template:Reflist"," 16.34% 241.005 8 Template:Navbox"," 12.35% 182.194 1 Template:Infobox_military_unit"," 11.16% 164.576 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.89% 160.696 44 Template:Cite_book"," 7.45% 109.972 27 Template:Sfn"," 6.95% 102.465 1 Template:Unbulleted_list"," 6.79% 100.217 10 Template:Cite_journal"," 6.60% 97.320 2 Template:Sister_project"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.880","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20261212,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAllen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArtemi2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalbi2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaldwinSetton1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalfour,_Baron_Kinross1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBall2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBamford1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerthod2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoas2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBom2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonnassieux1892\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradford1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurgtorf2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCole2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowley2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDijkhofDijkhof2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEarle1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEiland2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFenech2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFenech2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFenech2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForeyLuttrell1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGauci2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerhard_Köbler2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham1858\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreene2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoegen_Dijkhof2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoppen1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamen2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing1931\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLacroix1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevaye2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindgren1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLydia_Greaves2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMairav2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCreery2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoeller1913\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholson2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoonan1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeyrefitte1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPippidi2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPorter1858\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrata2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRady2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRead1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiley-Smith2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson1906\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRunciman1951\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeward1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStair_Sainty\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStair_Sainty2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStair_SaintyHeydel-Mankoo2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSugden2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTyerman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVeinstein\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFle_Roulx1894–1906\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 3,\n [\"Catholic Encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 44,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 25,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Crusader sites\"] = 1,\n [\"Crusader states\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 4,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military unit\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 6,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 4,\n [\"R\"] = 9,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reign\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 4,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 27,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Source-attribution\"] = 1,\n [\"Sovereign Military Order of Malta\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikisourcelang\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-scffd","timestamp":"20250214040638","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Knights Hospitaller","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knights_Hospitaller","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q187549","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q187549","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-11-21T21:32:36Z","dateModified":"2025-02-09T09:44:07Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d2\/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg","headline":"medieval and early modern Catholic military order (1099\u20131799)"}</script> </body> </html>