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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">High-level officials who oversee a particular policy</div> In the United States, <a href="/wiki/Czar_(political_term)" title="Czar (political term)">the informal term "czar" (or, less often, "tsar")</a> is employed in media and popular usage to refer to high-level <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States#Executive_branch" title="Federal government of the United States">executive-branch</a> officials who oversee a particular policy field. There have never been any U.S. government offices with the formal title "czar". The earliest known use of the term for a U.S. government official was in the administration of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> (1933–1945), during which eleven unique positions (or twelve if one were to count "economic czar" and "economic czar of World War II" as distinct) were so described. The list of those identified as "czars" is based on inescapably subjective judgments, as individuals or offices may be referred to with the nickname by some publications or public figures, while not by others. A more limited (though no less subjective) definition of the term would encompass only those officials appointed without Senate confirmation. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_administration">By administration</h2></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Summary table </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">President </th> <th scope="col">Party </th> <th scope="col">In office </th> <th scope="col">Number of czar titles </th> <th scope="col">Number of appointees </th> <th scope="col">Appointees not confirmed by Senate </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> </th> <td rowspan="2">Democratic </td> <td>1933–1945 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> </th> <td>1945–1953 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> </th> <td>Republican </td> <td>1953–1961 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> </th> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1963–1969 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Republican </td> <td>1969–1974 </td> <td>3 </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> </th> <td>1974–1977 </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> </th> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1977–1981 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Republican </td> <td>1981–1989 </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </th> <td>1989–1993 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </th> <td>Democratic </td> <td>1993–2001 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </th> <td>Republican </td> <td>2001–2009 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>49 </td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </th> <td>Democratic </td> <td>2009–2017 </td> <td>38 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </th> <td>Republican </td> <td>2017–2021 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </th> <td>Democratic </td> <td>2021–present </td> <td>4 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td></tr></tbody></table> The numbers are based upon the sortable list below, which includes further details and references. Note that the holders of certain official positions have been referred to as "czars" for only part of the time those positions have existed. For example, there has been an Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health since the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Act_of_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977">Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977</a>, but the phrase "mine safety czar" has been applied to the position only since the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stickler" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Stickler">Richard Stickler</a> to the post in 2006. Similarly, there has been a director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Information_and_Regulatory_Affairs" title="Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs">Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs</a> since the office was created by the <a href="/wiki/Paperwork_Reduction_Act" title="Paperwork Reduction Act">Paperwork Reduction Act</a> of 1980, but the term "regulatory czar" was not applied to the post until 2001. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_executive_branch_czars">List of executive branch czars</h2></div> The following are executive branch officials who have been described by the media as a czar of some kind. <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Czar title </th> <th scope="col">Official title </th> <th scope="col">Office holder </th> <th scope="col">Tenure </th> <th scope="col">Type of appointment </th> <th scope="col">Appointing administration </th> <th scope="col">Senate confirmed </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AfPak" title="AfPak">AfPak</a> czar, Afghanistan and Pakistan czar </td> <td>Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holbrooke" title="Richard Holbrooke">Richard Holbrooke</a><a href="#cite_note-holbrookerichard-1">[1]</a> </th> <td>2009–2010 </td> <td rowspan="10">President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td rowspan="10"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> czar </td> <td>National AIDS Policy Coordinator, Member of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Domestic_Policy_Council" title="United States Domestic Policy Council">White House Domestic Policy Council</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kristine_Gebbie" title="Kristine Gebbie">Kristine Gebbie</a><a href="#cite_note-gebbiekristine-2">[2]</a> </th> <td>1993–1994 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_AIDS_Policy" title="Office of National AIDS Policy">Office of National AIDS Policy</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Fleming" title="Patricia Fleming">Patricia Fleming</a><a href="#cite_note-flemingpatricia-3">[3]</a> </th> <td>1993–1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy, Presidential Envoy for AIDS Cooperation </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Thurman" title="Sandra Thurman">Sandra Thurman</a><a href="#cite_note-thurmansandra-4">[4]</a> </th> <td>1997–2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Evertz" title="Scott Evertz">Scott Evertz</a><a href="#cite_note-evertzscott-5">[5]</a> </th> <td>2001–2002 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Joe O'Neill<a href="#cite_note-oneilljoe-6">[6]</a> </th> <td>2002–2003 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Thompson" title="Carol Thompson">Carol Thompson</a><a href="#cite_note-thompsoncarol-7">[7]</a> </th> <td>2004–2006 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Crowley" title="Jeffrey Crowley">Jeffrey Crowley</a><a href="#cite_note-crowleyjeffrey-8">[8]</a> </th> <td>2009–2012 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Grant Colfax<a href="#cite_note-colfaxgrant-9">[9]</a> </th> <td>2012–2014 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Brooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Brooks">Douglas Brooks</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> </th> <td>2014–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>anti-poverty czar, poverty czar </td> <td>Director of Office of Economic Opportunity </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a><a href="#cite_note-shriversargent-11">[11]</a> </th> <td>1965–1969 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> </td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Carp" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Carp">Asian Carp</a> czar </td> <td>Asian Carp Director, Council on Environmental Quality </td> <th scope="row">John Goss<a href="#cite_note-gossjohn-12">[12]</a> </th> <td>2010–Unknown </td> <td>Council on Environmental Quality selected </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">auto czar, car czar </td> <td>Treasury Advisor, Head of the <a href="/wiki/Auto_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto Task Force">Auto Task Force</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Rattner" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Rattner">Steve Rattner</a><a href="#cite_note-rattnersteve-13">[13]</a> </th> <td>2009 Feb–Jul </td> <td>Sec. of Treasury appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Senior Advisor President's Automotive Task Force </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Bloom" title="Ron Bloom">Ron Bloom</a><a href="#cite_note-bloomron-14">[14]</a> </th> <td>2009–2011 </td> <td rowspan="2">President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td>auto recovery czar, autoworker czar </td> <td>Member Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry, Director of Recovery for Auto Communities and Workers </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Montgomery" title="Edward B. Montgomery">Edward B. Montgomery</a><a href="#cite_note-montgomeryedward-15">[15]</a> </th> <td>2009–Unknown </td></tr> <tr> <td>bank bailout czar, <a href="/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Troubled Asset Relief Program">Troubled Asset Relief Program</a> (TARP) czar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury">United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury</a> for Financial Stability, Senior Advisor to Secretary of the Treasury </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Neel_Kashkari" title="Neel Kashkari">Neel Kashkari</a><a href="#cite_note-kashkarineel-16">[16]</a> </th> <td>2008–2009 </td> <td>(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>bank bailout czar, TARP czar </td> <td>United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Herb_Allison" class="mw-redirect" title="Herb Allison">Herb Allison</a><a href="#cite_note-allisonherbert-17">[17]</a> </th> <td>2009–2013 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bioethics" title="Bioethics">bioethics</a> czar </td> <td>Advisor to the President, Chairman of <a href="/wiki/The_President%27s_Council_on_Bioethics" class="mw-redirect" title="The President's Council on Bioethics">The President's Council on Bioethics</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Kass" title="Leon Kass">Leon Kass</a><a href="#cite_note-kassleon-18">[18]</a> </th> <td>2001–2005 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, President appointed </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Global_spread_of_H5N1_in_2004" title="Global spread of H5N1 in 2004">bird flu</a> czar </td> <td>Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services, Advisor to the President for Public Health Emergency Preparedness </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Simonson" title="Stewart Simonson">Stewart Simonson</a><a href="#cite_note-simonsonstewart-19">[19]</a> </th> <td>2004–2006 </td> <td>(New position), President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td>birth control czar </td> <td>Deputy Assistant Secretary of Population Affairs, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Keroack" title="Eric Keroack">Eric Keroack</a><a href="#cite_note-keroackerik-20">[20]</a> </th> <td>2006–2007 </td> <td>President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"> <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">border</a> czar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/U.S._attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. attorney">U.S. attorney</a> and Special Representative for the Southwest Border, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> </td> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bersin" title="Alan Bersin">Alan Bersin</a><a href="#cite_note-bersinalan1998-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-bersinalan2009-22">[22]</a> </th> <td>1995–1998 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed as U.S. Attorney, Appointed as Special Representative </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Special Representative for Border Affairs, <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Homeland Security">Dept of Homeland Security</a> </td> <td>2009–2011 </td> <td>Sec of Homeland Security appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-sort-value="zz-Not specified !">A "border czar" was named,<a href="#cite_note-Shear2019-23">[23]</a> but never formally appointed.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Homan" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Homan">Thomas Homan</a><a href="#cite_note-Shear2019-23">[23]</a> </th> <td>2019/2025–<a href="#cite_note-25">[a]</a> </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Special Assistant to the President and Coordinator for the Southern Border </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Roberta_S._Jacobson" title="Roberta S. Jacobson">Roberta S. Jacobson</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> </th> <td>2021 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">budget czar </td> <td rowspan="3">Director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Daniels" title="Mitch Daniels">Mitch Daniels</a><a href="#cite_note-danielsmitchell-27">[26]</a> </th> <td>2001–2003 </td> <td rowspan="3">President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Bolten" class="mw-redirect" title="Josh Bolten">Josh Bolten</a><a href="#cite_note-boltenjosh-28">[27]</a> </th> <td>2003–2006 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman">Rob Portman</a><a href="#cite_note-portmanrob-29">[28]</a> </th> <td>2006–2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>car czar </td> <td>Chief domestic policy advisor and Director of the White House Domestic Policy Council </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Reed_(political_operative)" title="Bruce Reed (political operative)">Bruce Reed</a><a href="#cite_note-reedbruce-30">[29]</a> </th> <td>1993–2001 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>czar of censorship </td> <td>Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Censorship" title="Office of Censorship">Office of Censorship</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Byron_Price" title="Byron Price">Byron Price</a><a href="#cite_note-pricebyron-31">[30]</a> </th> <td>1941–1945 </td> <td>Exec Order, President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">cleanup czar </td> <td>Special Assistant Attorney General (to investigate corruption) </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Newbold_Morris" title="Newbold Morris">Newbold Morris</a><a href="#cite_note-morrisnewbold-32">[31]</a> </th> <td>1952, fired after 63 days by Atty General for demanding records access; AG then forced to resign by President Truman </td> <td>Attorney General appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Assistant Secretary for <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Management">Environmental Management</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> (nuclear cleanup) </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jessie_Roberson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jessie Roberson (page does not exist)">Jessie Roberson</a><a href="#cite_note-robersonjessie-33">[32]</a> </th> <td>2001–2004 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/James_Rispoli" title="James Rispoli">James Rispoli</a><a href="#cite_note-rispolijames-34">[33]</a> </th> <td>2005–2008 </td> <td>Sec. of Energy appointed, Senate confirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">climate czar </td> <td>Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary, President's Coordinator for Climate Change, Senior negotiator at Kyoto and Beuenos Aires negotiations </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Stern" title="Todd Stern">Todd Stern</a><a href="#cite_note-sterntodd1997-35">[34]</a> </th> <td>1997–1999 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td> <td rowspan="16"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Special Envoy for Climate Change </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Stern" title="Todd Stern">Todd Stern</a><a href="#cite_note-sterntodd-36">[35]</a> </th> <td>2009 </td> <td>Sec. of State appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>climate czar, energy czar, <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> czar </td> <td>Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Browner" title="Carol Browner">Carol Browner</a><a href="#cite_note-brownercarol-37">[36]</a> </th> <td>2009–2011 </td> <td rowspan="2">(New position) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> czar </td> <td rowspan="2">Intellectual Property Enforcement Coordinator </td> <th scope="row">vacant; position approved but not filled during Bush administration<a href="#cite_note-vacant-38">[37]</a> </th> <td>2008–2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Espinel" title="Victoria Espinel">Victoria Espinel</a><a href="#cite_note-espinelvictoria-39">[38]</a> </th> <td>2009–2013 </td> <td>(first at position) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>communications czar </td> <td>Counselor to the President, Special counselor to the President </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bartlett" title="Dan Bartlett">Dan Bartlett</a><a href="#cite_note-bartlettdan-40">[39]</a> </th> <td>2005–2007 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>compensation czar, Gulf claims czar, pay czar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Special_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Master">Special Master</a> for <a href="/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Troubled Asset Relief Program">TARP</a> <a href="/wiki/Executive_Compensation" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Compensation">Executive Compensation</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Feinberg" title="Kenneth Feinberg">Kenneth Feinberg</a><a href="#cite_note-feinbergkenneth-41">[40]</a> </th> <td>2009–2011, 2014–2016? </td> <td>Sec. of Treasury appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>consumer czar </td> <td>Special Advisor for the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a><a href="#cite_note-warrenelizabeth-42">[41]</a> </th> <td>2010–2011 </td> <td>(New position), President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">COVID-19 czar </td> <td>Counselor to the President of the United States </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a> </th> <td>2021–2022 </td> <td rowspan="2">President appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 response coordinator</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ashish_Jha" title="Ashish Jha">Ashish Jha</a> </th> <td>2022–present </td></tr> <tr> <td>cruise czar </td> <td>Fact-Finding Officer for the Federal Maritime Commission </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Sola" title="Louis E. Sola">Louis E. Sola</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> </th> <td>2020–2023 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Cyber_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber security">cyber security</a> czar, cyber czar </td> <td>Special Advisor to the President on Cybersecurity, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Clarke" title="Richard A. Clarke">Richard A. Clarke</a><a href="#cite_note-clarkerichard3-44">[43]</a> </th> <td>2001 Oct – 2003 Feb </td> <td>(New position), President appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director, <a href="/wiki/National_Cybersecurity_Center" title="National Cybersecurity Center">National Cybersecurity Center</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Rod_Beckstrom" title="Rod Beckstrom">Rod Beckstrom</a><a href="#cite_note-beckstromrod-45">[44]</a> </th> <td>2008–2009 </td> <td>(New position), Presidential directive, President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Director of the White House Office of Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity Coordinator </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Hathaway" title="Melissa Hathaway">Melissa Hathaway</a><a href="#cite_note-Melissa_Hathaway-46">[45]</a> </th> <td>2009 May–July, Acting czar ; resigned <a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">Office created May 31, 2009. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tom Bossert<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> </th> <td>2017–2018 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Robert Joyce<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> </th> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td>democracy czar </td> <td>Deputy National Security Advisor for Global Democracy Strategy </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Abrams" title="Elliott Abrams">Elliott Abrams</a><a href="#cite_note-abramselliott-50">[49]</a> </th> <td>2005–2008 </td> <td rowspan="3">President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>domestic czar </td> <td>Special Assistant to the President, domestic policy aide </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Califano" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Califano">Joseph Califano</a><a href="#cite_note-califanojoseph-51">[50]</a> </th> <td>1965–1969 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>domestic policy czar </td> <td>Chief <a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy" title="Domestic policy">Domestic Policy</a> Coordinator, Assistant to the President and Senior Advisor to the President, <a href="/wiki/White_House_Deputy_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Deputy Chief of Staff">White House Deputy Chief of Staff</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Karl Rove</a><a href="#cite_note-rovekarl-52">[51]</a> </th> <td>2004–2006 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>domestic violence czar </td> <td>Advisor to the President and the Vice President on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Issues </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Rosenthal" title="Lynn Rosenthal">Lynn Rosenthal</a><a href="#cite_note-rosenthallynn-53">[52]</a> </th> <td>2009 </td> <td>Vice President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Drug_czar" title="Drug czar">drug czar</a> </td> <td>Head of Drug programs, Special Action Office of Drug Abuse Prevention </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Jaffe" title="Jerome Jaffe">Jerome Jaffe</a><a href="#cite_note-jaffejerome-54">[53]</a> </th> <td>1971 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and head of the Narcotics Treatment Administration </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Robert_DuPont" title="Robert DuPont">Robert DuPont</a> </th> <td>1973–1978 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director of the White House Drug Abuse Policy (1982), Special Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse (1983), Member of Executive Board of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System Cabinet Level (1983), Deputy Assistant to the President for Drug Abuse Policy (1985) </td> <th scope="row">Carlton Turner<a href="#cite_note-turnercarlton-55">[54]</a> </th> <td>1982–1988 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy">Office of National Drug Control Policy</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/William_Bennett" title="William Bennett">William Bennett</a><a href="#cite_note-bennettwillliam-56">[55]</a> </th> <td>1989–1990 </td> <td>(New position) created by Congress, President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="7">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Martinez" title="Bob Martinez">Bob Martinez</a><a href="#cite_note-martinezbob-57">[56]</a> </th> <td>1991–1993 </td> <td rowspan="6">President nominated, Senate confirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">Director, National Drug Control Policy </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lee_P._Brown" title="Lee P. Brown">Lee P. Brown</a><a href="#cite_note-brownleep-58">[57]</a> </th> <td>1993–1995 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Barry_McCaffrey" title="Barry McCaffrey">Barry McCaffrey</a><a href="#cite_note-mccaffreybarry-59">[58]</a> </th> <td>1996–2001 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_P._Walters" title="John P. Walters">John P. Walters</a><a href="#cite_note-waltersjohn-60">[59]</a> </th> <td>2001–2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director, National Drug Control Policy (cabinet rank removed) </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Kerlikowske" title="Gil Kerlikowske">Gil Kerlikowske</a><a href="#cite_note-kerlikowskigil-61">[60]</a> </th> <td>2009–2014 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director, National Drug Control Policy </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Botticelli_(civil_servant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Botticelli (civil servant)">Michael Botticelli</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> </th> <td>2015–2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ebola czar </td> <td>Ebola Response Coordinator </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a> </th> <td>2014–2015 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>e-commerce czar, e-czar </td> <td>Executive Director, Electronic Commerce Working Group </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Echols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Echols (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Echols</a><a href="#cite_note-echolselizabeth-63">[62]</a> </th> <td>1998–2000 </td> <td>Vice President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>economic czar, economic czar of World War II </td> <td rowspan="3">Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Economic_Stabilization" title="Office of Economic Stabilization">Office of Economic Stabilization</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a><a href="#cite_note-byrnesjames-64">[63]</a> </th> <td>1942–1943 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, President appointed </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">economic czar </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Vinson" title="Fred M. Vinson">Fred M. Vinson</a><a href="#cite_note-vinsonfred-65">[64]</a> </th> <td>1943–1945 </td> <td rowspan="3">President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/William_Hammatt_Davis" title="William Hammatt Davis">William Hammatt Davis</a><a href="#cite_note-daviswilliam-66">[65]</a> </th> <td>1945–1946 </td></tr> <tr> <td>economic czar, big-picture economic czar </td> <td>Chairman, <a href="/wiki/Economic_Recovery_Advisory_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Recovery Advisory Board">Economic Recovery Advisory Board</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Volcker" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul A. Volcker">Paul A. Volcker</a><a href="#cite_note-volkerpaul-67">[66]</a> </th> <td>2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Energy_Czar" title="Energy Czar">energy czar</a> </td> <td>Director of the Energy Policy Office </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Arthur_Love" title="John Arthur Love">John Arthur Love</a><a href="#cite_note-lovejohn-68">[67]</a> </th> <td>1973 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, President appointed </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Federal Energy Office Administrator </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/William_E._Simon" title="William E. Simon">William E. Simon</a><a href="#cite_note-simonwilliam-69">[68]</a> </th> <td>1973–1974 </td> <td rowspan="3">President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Administrator, Federal Energy Administration </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Sawhill" class="mw-redirect" title="John Sawhill">John Sawhill</a><a href="#cite_note-sawhilljohn-70">[69]</a> </th> <td>1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Administrator, Federal Energy Administration, Assistant to the President for Energy Affairs, Executive Director of Energy Resources Council </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zarb" title="Frank Zarb">Frank Zarb</a><a href="#cite_note-zarbfrank-71">[70]</a> </th> <td>1974–1977 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> (cabinet-level position) </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/James_Schlesinger" class="mw-redirect" title="James Schlesinger">James Schlesinger</a><a href="#cite_note-schlesingerjames-72">[71]</a> </th> <td>1977–1979 </td> <td>(New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> </td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">ethics czar, transparency czar </td> <td>Special Counsel to the President for Ethics and Government Reform </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Norm_Eisen" title="Norm Eisen">Norm Eisen</a><a href="#cite_note-eisennorm-73">[72]</a> </th> <td>2009–2010 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, President appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td rowspan="12"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>White House Counsel </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bauer" title="Robert Bauer">Robert Bauer</a><a href="#cite_note-bauerbob-74">[73]</a> </th> <td>2010–2011 </td> <td>President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Faith-Based_Initiatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Faith-Based Initiatives">faith-based czar</a>, faith czar </td> <td rowspan="3">Director, White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_DiIulio" class="mw-redirect" title="John DiIulio">John DiIulio</a><a href="#cite_note-diiuliojohn-75">[74]</a> </th> <td>2001–2002 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, President appointed </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Towey" title="Jim Towey">Jim Towey</a><a href="#cite_note-toweyjim-76">[75]</a> </th> <td>2002–2006 </td> <td rowspan="4">President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Hein" title="Jay Hein">Jay Hein</a><a href="#cite_note-heinjay-77">[76]</a> </th> <td>2006–2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">faith-based czar </td> <td rowspan="2">Director of the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Faith-Based_and_Neighborhood_Partnerships" title="White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships">White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_DuBois" title="Joshua DuBois">Joshua DuBois</a><a href="#cite_note-duboisjoshua-78">[77]</a> </th> <td>2009–2013 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Melissa Rogers<a href="#cite_note-rogersmelissa-79">[78]</a> </th> <td>2013–2014? </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">food czar </td> <td>Food Administrator and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Wickard" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Wickard">Claude Wickard</a><a href="#cite_note-wickardclaude-80">[79]</a> </th> <td>1942–1943 </td> <td rowspan="3">Exec order </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">War Food Administrator </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chester_C._Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chester C. Davis (page does not exist)">Chester C. Davis</a><a href="#cite_note-davischester-81">[80]</a> </th> <td>1943 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Marvin_Jones" title="John Marvin Jones">John Marvin Jones</a><a href="#cite_note-jonesmarvin-82">[81]</a> </th> <td>1943–1945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chairman Citizens Food Committee </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Luckman" title="Charles Luckman">Charles Luckman</a><a href="#cite_note-luckmancharles-83">[82]</a> </th> <td>1947 Sep–Nov </td> <td rowspan="2">President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>food safety czar </td> <td>Assistant Commissioner for Food Protection </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_W._K._Acheson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David W. K. Acheson (page does not exist)">David W. K. Acheson</a><a href="#cite_note-achesondavid-84">[83]</a> </th> <td>2007–2008 </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aid" title="Aid">foreign aid</a> czar </td> <td>Administrator of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">US Agency for International Development</a> (USAID) </td> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Randall_Tobias" class="mw-redirect" title="Randall Tobias">Randall Tobias</a><a href="#cite_note-tobiasrandall1-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-tobiasrandall-86">[85]</a> </th> <td>2006–2007 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td rowspan="3">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">global AIDS czar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Global_AIDS_Coordinator" title="United States Global AIDS Coordinator">Coordinator of U.S. Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally</a> with the rank of Ambassador </td> <td>2003–2006 </td> <td>(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coordinator of U.S.Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, with the rank of Ambassador </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Dybul" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Dybul">Mark Dybul</a><a href="#cite_note-dybulmark-87">[86]</a> </th> <td>2006–2009 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Great Lakes czar </td> <td>Senior Advisor to the EPA Administrator </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Davis_(EPA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameron Davis (EPA)">Cameron Davis</a><a href="#cite_note-daviscameron-88">[87]</a> </th> <td>2009–2017 </td> <td>(New position) </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td rowspan="9"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>green-jobs czar </td> <td>Special Advisor for Green Jobs, Enterprise, and Innovation at the White House, Member of the White House Council on Environmental Quality </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Van_Jones" title="Van Jones">Van Jones</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> </th> <td>2009 Apr–Sep </td> <td>President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Guantanamo Base">Guantanamo Base</a> closure czar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of State">US Department of State</a> Special Envoy </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fried" title="Daniel Fried">Daniel Fried</a><a href="#cite_note-frieddaniel-90">[89]</a> </th> <td>2009–2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Sec. of State</a> appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td>health care czar, technology czar, internet czar, e-czar </td> <td>Senior Advisor for Policy Development </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ira_Magaziner" title="Ira Magaziner">Ira Magaziner</a><a href="#cite_note-magazinerira-91">[90]</a> </th> <td>1993–1998 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>health czar </td> <td>Director of the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Health_Reform" title="White House Office of Health Reform">White House Office of Health Reform</a> and Counselor to the President </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nancy-Ann_DeParle" title="Nancy-Ann DeParle">Nancy-Ann DeParle</a><a href="#cite_note-deparlenancy-92">[91]</a> </th> <td>2009–2011 </td> <td>Exec Order </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>health czar for the World Trade Center (WTC) </td> <td>Special coordinator to respond to health effects of September 11 attacks, World Trade Center (WTC) Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program, also served as Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Howard_(public_health_administrator)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Howard (public health administrator)">John Howard</a><a href="#cite_note-howardjohn-93">[92]</a> </th> <td>2006–2008 </td> <td>President Appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">health IT czar </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Resource_Center_for_Health_Information_Technology" title="National Resource Center for Health Information Technology">National Coordinator for Health Information Technology</a>, Department of Health and Human Services </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/David_Brailer" title="David Brailer">David Brailer</a><a href="#cite_note-brailerdavid-94">[93]</a> </th> <td>2004–2006 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/David_Blumenthal" title="David Blumenthal">David Blumenthal</a> </th> <td>2009 - </td> <td>Exec order, appointed by Sec. of HHS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">homeland security czar </td> <td>Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism </td> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ridge" title="Tom Ridge">Tom Ridge</a><a href="#cite_note-ridgetom-95">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-ridgetom2-96">[95]</a> </th> <td>2001–2002 </td> <td>(New position), Exec Order, President appointed </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary, U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a> </td> <td>2003–2004 </td> <td>(New position), Legislation enacted, President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td rowspan="2">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chertoff" title="Michael Chertoff">Michael Chertoff</a><a href="#cite_note-chertoffmichael-97">[96]</a> </th> <td>2005–2009 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td>homeless czar, homelessness czar </td> <td>Executive Director, United States <a href="/wiki/Interagency_Council_on_Homelessness" class="mw-redirect" title="Interagency Council on Homelessness">Interagency Council on Homelessness</a> </td> <th scope="row">Phil Mangano<a href="#cite_note-manganphil-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-POY2006-99">[98]</a> </th> <td>2002–2008 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td rowspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>housing czar </td> <td>Housing Expediter in the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Wyatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilson Wyatt">Wilson Wyatt</a><a href="#cite_note-wyattwilson-100">[99]</a> </th> <td>1945–1946 </td> <td rowspan="2">(New position), President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>human trafficking czar </td> <td>Special Advisor in the Office of Domestic Policy Council </td> <th scope="row">Heather Fischer<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> </th> <td>2020 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gulf Coast reconstruction czar, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a> recovery czar </td> <td>Federal Coordinator of Hurricane Katrina Recovery Effort </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Powell" title="Donald E. Powell">Donald E. Powell</a><a href="#cite_note-powelldonald-103">[102]</a> </th> <td>2005–2008 </td> <td rowspan="3">President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>inflation czar, anti-inflation czar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Special Trade Representative</a>, Chief U.S. trade negotiator </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Robert S. Strauss</a><a href="#cite_note-straussrobert-104">[103]</a> </th> <td>1978 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>inflation czar </td> <td>Advisor to the President, Chairman Council on Wage and Price Stability </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_E._Kahn" title="Alfred E. Kahn">Alfred E. Kahn</a><a href="#cite_note-kahnalfred-105">[104]</a> </th> <td>1977–1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>czar of information </td> <td>Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_War_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of War Information">Office of War Information</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Davis" title="Elmer Davis">Elmer Davis</a><a href="#cite_note-daviselmer-106">[105]</a> </th> <td>1942–1945 </td> <td>Exec Order, President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">information czar, <a href="/wiki/Infotech" class="mw-redirect" title="Infotech">infotech</a> czar </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Information_Officer_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Information Officer of the United States">Chief Information Officer</a> at the White House </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Kundra" title="Vivek Kundra">Vivek Kundra</a><a href="#cite_note-kundravivek-107">[106]</a> </th> <td>2009–2011 </td> <td>(New position), created by statute, President appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Steven_VanRoekel" title="Steven VanRoekel">Steven VanRoekel</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> </th> <td>2011–2014 </td> <td>created by statute, President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Czar" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence Czar">intelligence czar</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Negroponte" title="John Negroponte">John Negroponte</a><a href="#cite_note-negropontejohn-109">[108]</a> </th> <td>2005–2007 </td> <td>(New position), Congress mandated, President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Michael_McConnell" class="mw-redirect" title="John Michael McConnell">John Michael McConnell</a><a href="#cite_note-mcconnelljohn-110">[109]</a> </th> <td>2007–2009 </td> <td rowspan="3">President nominated, Senate confirmed </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_C._Blair" title="Dennis C. Blair">Dennis C. Blair</a><a href="#cite_note-blairdennis-111">[110]</a> </th> <td>2009–2010 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Clapper" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Clapper">James R. Clapper</a><a href="#cite_note-clapperjames-112">[111]</a> </th> <td>2010–2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Iran czar </td> <td>Special Advisor for the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia (which includes Iran) </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ross" title="Dennis Ross">Dennis Ross</a><a href="#cite_note-rossdennis-113">[112]</a> </th> <td>2009–2011 </td> <td>President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td>czar of Latin American affairs </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_Western_Hemisphere_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Mann" title="Thomas C. Mann">Thomas C. Mann</a><a href="#cite_note-mannthomas-114">[113]</a> </th> <td>1964–1965 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> </td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>manpower czar </td> <td>Director, <a href="/wiki/War_Manpower_Commission" title="War Manpower Commission">War Manpower Commission</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._McNutt" title="Paul V. McNutt">Paul V. McNutt</a><a href="#cite_note-mcnuttpaul-115">[114]</a> </th> <td>1942–1945 </td> <td>Exec order </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">manufacturing czar </td> <td>Assistant Secretary for manufacturing and services, U.S. Commerce Department </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Frink" title="Albert Frink">Albert Frink</a><a href="#cite_note-frinkalbert-116">[115]</a> </th> <td>2004–2007 </td> <td>(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Manufacturing and Services </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_G._Sutton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William G. Sutton (page does not exist)">William G. Sutton</a><a href="#cite_note-suttonwilliam-117">[116]</a> </th> <td>2007–2008 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Senior Counselor for Manufacturing Policy </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Bloom" title="Ron Bloom">Ron Bloom</a><a href="#cite_note-bloomron-14">[14]</a> </th> <td rowspan="2">2009–2011 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Middle East czar </td> <td>Special Envoy for Middle East Peace </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a><a href="#cite_note-mitchellgeorge-118">[117]</a> </th> <td>Sec. of State appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td>mine safety czar </td> <td>Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stickler" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Stickler">Richard Stickler</a><a href="#cite_note-sticklerrichard-119">[118]</a> </th> <td>2006–2008 </td> <td>Recess appointment—2 prior presidential nominations were rejected by the Senate </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>missile czar </td> <td>Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Research and Development </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Gardner" title="Trevor Gardner">Trevor Gardner</a><a href="#cite_note-gardnertrevor-120">[119]</a> </th> <td>1954–1956 </td> <td>Sec. of Defense appointed, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> </td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>mobilization czar, civilian economy czar </td> <td>Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Defense_Mobilization" title="Office of Defense Mobilization">Office of Defense Mobilization</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Wilson_(General_Electric_executive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Edward Wilson (General Electric executive)">Charles Edward Wilson</a><a href="#cite_note-wilsoncharles-121">[120]</a> </th> <td>1950–1952 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>oil czar </td> <td>Petroleum Coordinator for National Defense, Secretary of the Interior </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Harold_L._Ickes" title="Harold L. Ickes">Harold L. Ickes</a><a href="#cite_note-ickesharoldl-122">[121]</a> </th> <td>1941–1946 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed as Sec. of Interior </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Patronage" title="Patronage">patronage</a> czar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">Post Office Department</a>, Cabinet-level position </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Robert E. Hannegan</a><a href="#cite_note-hanneganrobert-123">[122]</a> </th> <td>1945–1947 </td> <td rowspan="2">President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>performance czar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chief_Performance_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Chief Performance Officer">United States Chief Performance Officer</a> and Deputy Director for Management at the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Zients" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeffrey Zients">Jeffrey Zients</a><a href="#cite_note-zientzjeffrey-124">[123]</a> </th> <td>2009–2013 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>policy czar </td> <td>Assistant to the President for Policy and Strategic Planning </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gerson" title="Michael Gerson">Michael Gerson</a><a href="#cite_note-gersonmichael-125">[124]</a> </th> <td>2005–2006 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">price czar </td> <td rowspan="3">Administrator, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Price_Administration" title="Office of Price Administration">Office of Price Administration</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Henderson" title="Leon Henderson">Leon Henderson</a><a href="#cite_note-hendersonleon-126">[125]</a> </th> <td>1941–1942 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, President appointed </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_M._Brown" title="Prentiss M. Brown">Prentiss M. Brown</a><a href="#cite_note-brownprentiss-127">[126]</a> </th> <td>1942–1943 </td> <td rowspan="2">President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Chester_Bowles" class="mw-redirect" title="Chester Bowles">Chester Bowles</a><a href="#cite_note-bowleschester-128">[127]</a> </th> <td>1943–1946 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chairman of the Price Commission </td> <th scope="row">Grayson Jackson<a href="#cite_note-graysonjackson-129">[128]</a> </th> <td>1971 </td> <td>(New position), President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">production czar </td> <td rowspan="2">Director, <a href="/wiki/War_Production_Board" title="War Production Board">War Production Board</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald M. Nelson">Donald M. Nelson</a><a href="#cite_note-nelsondonald-130">[129]</a> </th> <td>1942–1944 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, President appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Julius_A._Krug" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius A. Krug">Julius A. Krug</a><a href="#cite_note-krugjulius-131">[130]</a> </th> <td>1944–1945 </td> <td>President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">public diplomacy czar </td> <td>Special advisor to the President, Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Hughes" title="Karen Hughes">Karen Hughes</a><a href="#cite_note-hugheskaren-132">[131]</a> </th> <td>2005–2007 </td> <td rowspan="2">President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Undersecretary of State for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/James_Glassman" class="mw-redirect" title="James Glassman">James Glassman</a><a href="#cite_note-glassmanjames-133">[132]</a> </th> <td>2008–2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>reading czar </td> <td>President's Advisor on Reading First Initiative, Member of the President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Reid_Lyon" title="Reid Lyon">Reid Lyon</a><a href="#cite_note-lyongreid-134">[133]</a> </th> <td>2001–2005 </td> <td rowspan="2">President appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>reconversion czar </td> <td>Director of War Mobilization and Reconversion </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_W._Snyder" class="mw-redirect" title="John W. Snyder">John W. Snyder</a><a href="#cite_note-snyderjohn-135">[134]</a> </th> <td>1945–1946 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">regulatory czar </td> <td rowspan="3">Director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Information_and_Regulatory_Affairs" title="Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs">Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs</a> Office of Management and Budget </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Graham_(policy_analyst)" title="John Graham (policy analyst)">John Graham</a><a href="#cite_note-grahamjohn-136">[135]</a> </th> <td>2001–2006 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Dudley" title="Susan Dudley">Susan Dudley</a><a href="#cite_note-dudleysusan-137">[136]</a> </th> <td>2006–2009 </td> <td>Recess appointment, nominee did not receive a Senate vote </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cass_Sunstein" title="Cass Sunstein">Cass Sunstein</a><a href="#cite_note-sunsteincass-138">[137]</a> </th> <td>2009–2012 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>rubber czar </td> <td>Rubber Director </td> <th scope="row">Bill Jeffers<a href="#cite_note-jeffersbill-139">[138]</a> </th> <td>1942–1943 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, appointed by Chairman of War Production Board </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>savings & loan czar </td> <td>Director, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Thrift_Supervision" title="Office of Thrift Supervision">Office of Thrift Supervision</a> </td> <th scope="row">Timothy Ryan<a href="#cite_note-ryantimothy-140">[139]</a> </th> <td>1990–1997 </td> <td rowspan="3">President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">science czar </td> <td>Science Advisor to the President, Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Marburger" title="John Marburger">John Marburger</a><a href="#cite_note-marburgerjohn-141">[140]</a> </th> <td>2001 Oct – 2009 Jan </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Holdren" title="John Holdren">John Holdren</a><a href="#cite_note-holdrenjohn-142">[141]</a> </th> <td>2009–2017 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>shipping czar </td> <td>Administrator, War Shipping Administration </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Emory_S._Land" title="Emory S. Land">Emory S. Land</a><a href="#cite_note-landemory-143">[142]</a> </th> <td>1942–1946 </td> <td>Exec order </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>stimulus accountability, stimulus oversight </td> <td>Chairman, Recovery Accountability and Transparency Board </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Devaney" title="Earl Devaney">Earl Devaney</a><a href="#cite_note-devaneyearl-144">[143]</a> </th> <td>2009 </td> <td>(New position), created by statute, President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>technology czar, chief technology czar </td> <td>Associate Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, <a href="/wiki/Chief_Technology_Officer_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Technology Officer of the United States">Chief Technology Officer (CTO)</a>, Assistant to the President </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Aneesh_Chopra" title="Aneesh Chopra">Aneesh Chopra</a><a href="#cite_note-chopraaneesh-145">[144]</a> </th> <td>2009–2012 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td> <td>✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>terrorism czar, counter-terrorism czar </td> <td>National coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, member of <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a>, cabinet-level position </td> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Clarke" title="Richard A. Clarke">Richard A. Clarke</a><a href="#cite_note-clarkerichard1-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-clarkerichard2-147">[146]</a> </th> <td>1998 May – 2001 Jan </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> </td> <td rowspan="8"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>terrorism czar </td> <td>National coordinator for security, infrastructure protection and counter-terrorism, cabinet level rank removed </td> <td>2001 Jan–Oct </td> <td>(Held over from prior administration) President Clinton appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>terrorism czar, counterterrorism czar </td> <td>National Director for Combating Terrorism, Deputy National Security Advisor </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Downing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayne Downing">Wayne Downing</a><a href="#cite_note-downingwayne-148">[147]</a> </th> <td>2001 Nov – 2002 Jun </td> <td>(New position), President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td>terrorism czar </td> <td>Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_O._Brennan" class="mw-redirect" title="John O. Brennan">John O. Brennan</a><a href="#cite_note-brennanjohn-149">[148]</a> </th> <td>2009 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>trade czar </td> <td>Senior Policy Advisor in the White House on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Trade_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Trade Representative">United States Trade Representative</a>. </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Ryckman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Ryckman (page does not exist)">Mary Ryckman</a> </th> <td>2012 </td> <td>Appointed by <a href="/wiki/USTR" class="mw-redirect" title="USTR">USTR</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Froman" title="Michael Froman">Michael Froman</a> in 2012<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> She also represents the <a href="/wiki/USTR" class="mw-redirect" title="USTR">USTR</a> on the President's Council on Women and Girls.<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">transportation czar </td> <td rowspan="2">Director, Office of Defense Transportation </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bartlett_Eastman" title="Joseph Bartlett Eastman">Joseph Bartlett Eastman</a><a href="#cite_note-eastmanjoseph-152">[151]</a> </th> <td>1941–1944 </td> <td>(New position), Exec order, President appointed </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">J. Monroe Johnson<a href="#cite_note-johnsonmonroe-153">[152]</a> </th> <td>1944–1949 </td> <td>President appointed </td></tr> <tr> <td>urban affairs czar </td> <td>Director of the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_Urban_Affairs_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy">White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy</a> </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Carrion" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolfo Carrion">Adolfo Carrion</a><a href="#cite_note-carrionadolpho-154">[153]</a> </th> <td>2009–2010 </td> <td>Exec Order, President appointed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">war czar </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assistant_to_the_President_and_Deputy_National_Security_Advisor_for_Iraq_and_Afghanistan" title="Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan">Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Advisor for Iraq and Afghanistan</a> </td> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Lute" title="Douglas Lute">Douglas Lute</a><a href="#cite_note-lutedouglas-155">[154]</a> </th> <td>2007–2009 </td> <td>(New position), President nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td rowspan="3">✓ </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009–2010? </td> <td>(Held over from prior administration) President Bush nominated, Senate confirmed </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>weapons czar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Acquisition,_Technology_and_Logistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics">Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics</a> (AT&L) </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ashton_Carter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashton Carter">Ashton Carter</a><a href="#cite_note-carterashton-156">[155]</a> </th> <td>2009 </td> <td>President nominated, Senate confirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td>weapons of mass destruction czar, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_nonproliferation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear nonproliferation">nonproliferation</a> czar </td> <td>Special Assistant to the President and White House Coordinator for Arms Control and Weapons of Mass Destruction, Proliferation, and Terrorism </td> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Samore" title="Gary Samore">Gary Samore</a><a href="#cite_note-samoregary-157">[156]</a> </th> <td>2009–2013 </td> <td>President appointed </td> <td rowspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">weatherization czar </td> <td rowspan="2">Program Manager, Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program, U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) </td> <th scope="row" rowspan="2">Gil Sperling<a href="#cite_note-sperlinggil-158">[157]</a> </th> <td rowspan="2">2008–Unknown </td> <td rowspan="2">Career incumbent, retained from George W. Bush administration </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">Advice and consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Politics of the United States during World War II">Politics of the United States during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_as_metaphor" title="War as metaphor">War as metaphor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Trump has appointed Homan as the border czar for his second administration as well. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-holbrookerichard-1"><a href="#cite_ref-holbrookerichard_1-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Morton_Kondracke" title="Morton Kondracke">Kondracke, Morton</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090512151541/http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2009/03/pakistan_must_be_obamas_leadin.html">"Pakistan Must Be Obama's Leading Foreign Priority"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a>, Mar 13, 2009, archived by WebCite. Holland, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610044019/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE54S5U120090529?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true">"Obama fashions a government of many czars"</a>, Reuters, May 29, 2009, Archived by WebCite. <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpoaccess.gov/presdocs/2009/DCPD-200900196.htm">"Remarks on US Military and Diplomatic Strategies for Afghanistan and Pakistan"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090810060834/http://www.gpoaccess.gov//presdocs/2009/DCPD-200900196.htm">Archived</a> 2009-08-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, US Govt Printing Office, Mar 27, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-gebbiekristine-2"><a href="#cite_ref-gebbiekristine_2-0">^</a> Jehl, Douglas.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/25/us/ex-washington-state-official-to-get-aids-post.html">"Ex-Washington State Official to Get AIDS Post"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, Jun 25, 1993. Hunter, Elizabeth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3942/is_200109/ai_n8961511/">"Kristine M. Gebbie, former AIDS czar"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090315064305/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3942/is_200109/ai_n8961511">Archived</a> 2009-03-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Lutheran, Sep 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-flemingpatricia-3"><a href="#cite_ref-flemingpatricia_3-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Hilts" title="Philip J. Hilts">Hilts, Philip J.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/11/us/clinton-picks-new-director-of-aids-policy.html">"Clinton Picks New Director of AIDS Policy"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, Nov 11, 1994. American Presidency Project, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=49470&st=fleming&st1=">Announcing Patsy Fleming as National AIDS Policy Director</a>, Nov 19, 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=53956&st=fleming&st1=">Announcing Sandra L. Thurman as Director</a>, Apr 7, 1997. </li> <li id="cite_note-thurmansandra-4"><a href="#cite_ref-thurmansandra_4-0">^</a> Staff biography, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clinton2.nara.gov/ONAP/thurman.html">"Sandra Thurman"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010513072503/http://clinton2.nara.gov/ONAP/thurman.html">Archived</a> 2001-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Office of National AIDS Policy, Apr 1997. 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Institute for Studies of Religion. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isreligion.org/about/hein.php">"About Hein"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090906110704/http://www.isreligion.org/about/hein.php">Archived</a> 2009-09-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Baylor.edu, Retrieved Aug 13, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-17675427_ITM">"Bush taps Indiana activist to be nation's new 'Faith Czar'"</a>, Sep 1, 2006.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2006/septemberweb-only/135-51.0.html">Bush names new faith-based czar</a> Christianity Today, Sep 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-duboisjoshua-78"><a href="#cite_ref-duboisjoshua_78-0">^</a> Boorstein, Michelle; Shear, Michael D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/29/AR2009012904124.html">"DuBois, 26, to Head Faith Office"</a>, Washington Post, Jan 29, 2009. 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PN329-109, confirmed Apr 21, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6986647">"Negroponte picked for intelligence czar"</a>,MSNBC.com, Feb 17, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,241534,00.html">[1]</a> "White House Counsel Harriet Miers Resigns, Negroponte to Shift Seats" Fox News, Jan 04, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-mcconnelljohn-110"><a href="#cite_ref-mcconnelljohn_110-0">^</a> Branigin, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33866-2004Aug2.html">"Bush Backs Creation of Intelligence Czar"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102101805/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-167941895.html">"Intelligence czar reveals details"</a>Virginian Pilot, Aug 23, 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN206-110, confirmed Feb 07, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-blairdennis-111"><a href="#cite_ref-blairdennis_111-0">^</a> Eisler, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2009-01-08-blair_N.htm">"Obama's choice of Blair as intelligence czar covers bases"</a>, USA Today, Jan 8, 2009. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN65-01-111, confirmed, Jan 28, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-clapperjames-112"><a href="#cite_ref-clapperjames_112-0">^</a> Mason, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-security-obama-intelligence-idUSTRE6536GZ20100605">"Obama names retired general new intelligence chief"</a>, "Reuters", June 5, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-rossdennis-113"><a href="#cite_ref-rossdennis_113-0">^</a> Holland, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220610044019/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE54S5U120090529?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true">"Obama fashions a government of many czars"</a>, Reuters, May 29, 2009, archived by WebCite. </li> <li id="cite_note-mannthomas-114"><a href="#cite_ref-mannthomas_114-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Evans_and_Novak" class="mw-redirect" title="Evans and Novak">Evans and Novak</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EiERAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MooDAAAAIBAJ&dq=latin%20affairs%20czar%20mann&pg=7261%2C1579109">"Tour of Latin America To Test LBJ as Campaigner"</a>, The Free Lance Star, Jan 22, 1965. Principal Officers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/10357.htm">"Assistant Secretaries for Western Hemisphere Affairs"</a>,State.gov </li> <li id="cite_note-mcnuttpaul-115"><a href="#cite_ref-mcnuttpaul_115-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081214165823/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774239,00.html">"U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"</a>Time, Feb 15, 1943. American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=16248">Exec Order establishing the commission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120918040401/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=16248">Archived</a> 2012-09-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=77937">"Exec Order assigning functions to the Dept of Labor</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-frinkalbert-116"><a href="#cite_ref-frinkalbert_116-0">^</a> Set Aside Alert.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allbusiness.com/government/government-procurement/138677-1.html">"President Bush has nominated Albert Frink"</a>,"AllBusiness.com", Apr 16, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-120185019.html">"Senators tell government's new Mfg. czar to concentrate on China and unfair trade"</a>, Manufacturing and Technology News Jul 24, 2004. Price, Deb. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2006604280329">"The invisible manufacturing czar"</a>, The Detroit News, Apr 28, 2006. Klein, Liese. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessnewhaven.com:443/businessnewhaven/text_retreival/FMPro?-db=howto.fp3&-format=generaltext.htm&-sortfield=Publication%20Date&-sortorder=descend&-max=300&-recid=40629&-findall=">"Manufacturing Czar Steps Down</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], Business New Haven, Jan 8, 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240524120016/https://www.webcitation.org/5jpYL6uVc?url=http://www.businessnewhaven.com:443/businessnewhaven/text_retreival/FMPro%3F-db=howto.fp3&-format=generaltext.htm&-sortfield=Publication%20Date&-sortorder=descend&-max=300&-recid=40629&-findall=%20%5C%22%20Manufacturing%20Czar%20Steps%20Down">archived by WebCite</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-suttonwilliam-117"><a href="#cite_ref-suttonwilliam_117-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.managingautomation.com/maonline/news/read/New_Manufacturing_Czar_Will_Have_a_Full_Plate_of_Issues_30571">New Manufacturing 'Czar' Will Have a Full Plate of Issues"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724184315/http://www.managingautomation.com/maonline/news/read/New_Manufacturing_Czar_Will_Have_a_Full_Plate_of_Issues_30571">Archived</a> 2011-07-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, MA News, Sep 29, 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN522-110, confirmed Aug 03, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-mitchellgeorge-118"><a href="#cite_ref-mitchellgeorge_118-0">^</a> Bureaus reporting directly to the Secretary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/middleeastpeace/index.htm">"Special Envoy for Middle East Peace"</a>, State.gov. Fletcher, Michael A. and Dennis, Brady.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/15/AR2009091501424.html">Obama's Many Policy 'Czars' Draw Ire From Conservatives</a>, Washington Post, Sep 16, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-sticklerrichard-119"><a href="#cite_ref-sticklerrichard_119-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20070823/news_lz1e23vandeer.html">"Questionable concern about mine safety"</a>, San Diego Union Tribune, Aug 23, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-huffington23aug23,0,4220965.story">"The deeper danger of Crandall Canyon"</a>, Los Angeles Times, Aug 23, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utahmining.org/08jan.htm">"Richard Stickler: Mine Safety Czar Fails To Live Up To His Name</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] Utah Mining Association Newsletter, Jan 8, 2008. Position is Presidential Appointment, Senate Confirmed per 2008 Plum Book <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpoaccess.gov/plumbook/2008/p104-108_labor.pdf">2008 Plum Book</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090809193131/http://www.gpoaccess.gov//plumbook/2008/p104-108_labor.pdf">Archived</a> 2009-08-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-gardnertrevor-120"><a href="#cite_ref-gardnertrevor_120-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090609063826/http://www.nps.gov/archive/mimi/history/srs/history.htm">"History of Minuteman Missile Sites</a>, National Park Service, 1995, archived by WebCite. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023120349/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/450594802.html?dids=450594802:450594802&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+20,+1954&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Knowland+Tells+Why+He+Backed+Gardner+Delay&pqatl=google">"Knowland tells why he backed Gardner delay"</a>, LA Times Archives, Aug 20, 1954. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081214105425/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,808145,00.html">"The Administration, Trevor & the Missiles"</a>, Time, Feb 20, 1956. </li> <li id="cite_note-wilsoncharles-121"><a href="#cite_ref-wilsoncharles_121-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=09EOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=e1UDAAAAIBAJ&dq=truman%20czar&pg=5665%2C740503">"Wilson Gets Blank Check as Czar of Mobilization"</a>, The Evening Independent, Dec 16, 1950, page 1. Paul G. Pierpaoli Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oah.org/pubs/magazine/korea/pierpaoli.html">Truman’s Other War:The Battle for the American Homefront, 1950–1953</a>, Organization of American Historians, OAH Magazine of History, Volume 14, No 3, Spring 2000. American Presidency Project/ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=14441">Resignation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081129095639/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=14441">Archived</a> 2008-11-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Mar 30, 1952. </li> <li id="cite_note-ickesharoldl-122"><a href="#cite_ref-ickesharoldl_122-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123071343/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,849484,00.html">"Tracking the Oil"</a>, Time, Sep 8, 1941. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081214162557/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,851997,00.html">"Oil In Search of a Policy"</a>, Time, Dec 27, 1943. American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16122">"Appointment of Harold L. Ickes as Petroleum Coordinator for National Defense"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081101051240/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16122">Archived</a> 2008-11-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, May 28, 1941. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D16FF385D107A93C6A81789D85F428485F9">Text of Secretary Ickes' Letter of Resignation to the President Ending 13 Years in Office</a>, New York Times, Feb 14, 1946. </li> <li id="cite_note-hanneganrobert-123"><a href="#cite_ref-hanneganrobert_123-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Drew_Pearson_(journalist)" title="Drew Pearson (journalist)">Pearson, Drew</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=V6oNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ei4DAAAAIBAJ&dq=patronage-czar&pg=1809%2C960544">"Drew Pearson on Washington Merry-Go-Round, Sec. Ickes' Last Battle"</a>, Virgin Island Daily News, Feb 19, 1946. American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12258&st=hannegan&st1=">Nominated</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12793&st=hannegan&st1=">Resigned</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120918040440/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12793&st=hannegan&st1=">Archived</a> 2012-09-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-zientzjeffrey-124"><a href="#cite_ref-zientzjeffrey_124-0">^</a> Thomas LOC, Presidential Nomination: PN418-111, confirmed June 19, 2009. Goler, Wendell.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090822082623/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/07/16/obamas-army-czars-raises-concerns-executive-power/">"Obama's Army of Czars Raises Concerns About Executive Power"</a>, FoxNews.com, Jul 16, 2009, archived by WebCite </li> <li id="cite_note-gersonmichael-125"><a href="#cite_ref-gersonmichael_125-0">^</a> Sullivan, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208113059/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/andrew_sullivan/article742640.ece">"Too tired to think: team Bush loses its way"</a>, Times On Line, Mar 13, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202145357/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/andrew_sullivan/article742640.ece">archived by Webcite</a>. American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=66138&st=national+aids+policy&st1=">"Press Gaggle with Scott McClellan"</a>, Feb 8, 2005. Rutenberg, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/15/washington/15gerson.html?_r=1&scp=7&sq=michael%20gerson&st=cse">"Adviser who shaped Bush's speeches is leaving"</a>, New York Times, Jun 15, 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-hendersonleon-126"><a href="#cite_ref-hendersonleon_126-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19430117&id=CLUKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dk0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=7200,5705742">"Henderson Quits Price Czar Job"</a>, St. Petersburg Times, Jan 17, 1943. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16099&st=office+of+price+administration&st1=">Exec Order establishing the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply</a>, Apr 11, 1941. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16100&st=office+of+price+administration&st1=">Press Conference</a>, Apr 11, 1941. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1942/12/18/archives/henderson-quits-capital-expects-brown-to-head-opa-price-chief-says.html">"Henderson Quits:Capital Expects Brown to Head OPA"</a>, New York Times, Dec 17, 1942. </li> <li id="cite_note-brownprentiss-127"><a href="#cite_ref-brownprentiss_127-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090906082142/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,886073,00.html">"U.S. At War: Enter Grimly"</a>, Time, Dec 28, 1942. </li> <li id="cite_note-bowleschester-128"><a href="#cite_ref-bowleschester_128-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554330/Chester_Bowles.html">Appointed 1943</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090821165320/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554330/Chester_Bowles.html">Archived</a> 2009-08-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=12313">"Statement by the President Commending the Office of Price Administration"</a>, ended May 1, 1945. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091102220827/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554330/Chester_Bowles.html">Archived</a> 2009-10-31. </li> <li id="cite_note-graysonjackson-129"><a href="#cite_ref-graysonjackson_129-0">^</a> American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=3218">Remarks at a Meeting of the Cost of Living Council</a>, Nov 15, 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130204132915/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,878968,00.html">"The Economy: The Take-Charge Price Czar"</a>, Time, Dec 20, 1971. </li> <li id="cite_note-nelsondonald-130"><a href="#cite_ref-nelsondonald_130-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081214165823/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,774239,00.html">"U.S. At War: Trouble Ahead"</a>Time, Feb 15, 1943. American Presidency Project.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16297">"Executive Order 9024 Establishing the War Production Board"</a>, Jan 16, 1942. </li> <li id="cite_note-krugjulius-131"><a href="#cite_ref-krugjulius_131-0">^</a> American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12323">"Letter Accepting Resignation of J. A. Krug as Chairman of the War Production Board"</a>, Oct 5, 1945. </li> <li id="cite_note-hugheskaren-132"><a href="#cite_ref-hugheskaren_132-0">^</a> Kamen, Al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/13/AR2007121302017_pf.html">"Instead of Plum Appointments, Maybe A Lump of Coal"</a>, Washington Post, Dec 14, 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN679-109, confirmed Jul 29, 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-glassmanjames-133"><a href="#cite_ref-glassmanjames_133-0">^</a> Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1133-110, confirmed Jun 4, 2008. Kamen, Al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/10/AR2008061002803_pf.html">"Get Thee to an Airport"</a>Washington Post, Jun 10, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-lyongreid-134"><a href="#cite_ref-lyongreid_134-0">^</a> Manzo, Kathleen Kennedy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edweek.org/login.html?source=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2005/06/08/39lyon.h24.html&destination=http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2005/06/08/39lyon.h24.html&levelId=2100">"National Reading Czar to Leave Public Sector for Teacher Ed. Venture"</a>. "Education Week", Jun 8, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.gov/inits/commissionsboards/whspecialeducation/bios/lyon.html">"G. Reid Lyon, PhD—Ex-officio Member of the President's Commission on Excellence in Special Education"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090513062141/http://www.ed.gov/inits/commissionsboards/whspecialeducation/bios/lyon.html">Archived</a> 2009-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Archived Information, U.S Department of Education, Dec 13, 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-snyderjohn-135"><a href="#cite_ref-snyderjohn_135-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Drew_Pearson_(journalist)" title="Drew Pearson (journalist)">Pearson, Drew</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=N9UKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pU4DAAAAIBAJ&dq=truman&pg=5421%2C3827574">"Truman's First 6 Months Good President Needs To Watch Friends"</a>, St. Petersburg Times, Oct 12, 1945, p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/snyder.htm">"Oral History Interviews with John W. Snyder"</a>, TrumanLibrary.org </li> <li id="cite_note-grahamjohn-136"><a href="#cite_ref-grahamjohn_136-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/25/politics/25RISK.html?ex=1076562000&en=d6317e3ad84a7273&ei=5070">"Regulations Czar Prefers New Path"</a>,New York Times, Mar 21, 2001. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN213-107 confirmed Jul 19, 2001, PN1875-109, successor nominated, Aug 1, 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-dudleysusan-137"><a href="#cite_ref-dudleysusan_137-0">^</a> Hoover, Kent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/extraedge/washingtonbureau/archive/2007/04/16/bureau3.html">"Bush appoints regulatory czar, avoids confirmation battle"</a>, BizJournals.com, April 16, 2007. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1875-109, Aug 1, 2006, PN94-110, Jan 9, 2007, PN577-110, Jan 2, 2009, never confirmed. Stayed in office as a recess appointment. Weisman, Jonathan and Bravin, Jess <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123138051682263203">"Obama's Regulatory Czar Likely to Set a New Tone"</a>, The Wall Street Journal, Jan 8, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-sunsteincass-138"><a href="#cite_ref-sunsteincass_138-0">^</a> Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN323-111, confirmed Sep 9, 2009. Weisman, Jonathan and Bravin Jess. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123138051682263203">Obama's Regulatory Czar Likely to Set a New Tone</a>, Wall Street Journal, Jan 8, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-jeffersbill-139"><a href="#cite_ref-jeffersbill_139-0">^</a> American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16305">"Executive Order 9246 on Coordination and Control of the Rubber Program"</a> Sep 17, 1942. Jeffers appointed on Sep 17, 1942. Eiler, Keith E. "Mobilizing America: Robert P. Patterson and the war effort, 1940–1945", Cornell Univ Press, 1997, p. 272. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081214171436/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,791033,00.html">"Confident Exit"</a>,Time, Sep 13, 1943 </li> <li id="cite_note-ryantimothy-140"><a href="#cite_ref-ryantimothy_140-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-09-fi-2245-story.html">"People - Ryan in Wings as Savings and Loan Czar"</a>, Los Angeles Times, Mar 9, 1990. Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations. PN1161-101, confirmed, PN196-105 successor nominated. </li> <li id="cite_note-marburgerjohn-141"><a href="#cite_ref-marburgerjohn_141-0">^</a> Special Report Tech. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040317053353/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/mar2004/tc20040316_5366_tc166.htm">"A Talk with Bush's Science Czar"</a>, Mar 16, 2004. About OSTP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ostp.gov/cs/about_ostp/previous_science_advisors">"Previous Science Advisors"</a> "OSTP.gov" </li> <li id="cite_note-holdrenjohn-142"><a href="#cite_ref-holdrenjohn_142-0">^</a> Goler, Wendell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/questions-raised-over-influence-of-obama-czars/">Questions Raised Over Influence of Obama 'Czars'</a>, FoxNews.com, July 13, 2009. 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American Presidency Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=12574">Letter Accepting Resignation of Admiral Land as Administrator, War Shipping Administration</a>, Jan 4, 1946 </li> <li id="cite_note-devaneyearl-144"><a href="#cite_ref-devaneyearl_144-0">^</a> Position created statute: American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 HR1, 2009. Halperin, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090906081634/http://thepage.time.com/2009/02/22/obama-to-name-stimulus-czar/?iid=sphere-inline-sidebar">"Obama to Name Stimulus Oversight Czar"</a>, Time, Feb 22, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-chopraaneesh-145"><a href="#cite_ref-chopraaneesh_145-0">^</a> Thomas LOC Presidential Nominations: PN426, confirmed by Senate as Assoc Dir. of OSTP, May 19, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the_press_office/Weekly-Address-President-Obama-Discusses-Efforts-to-Reform-Spending/">Weekly Address</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091101133859/http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Weekly-Address-President-Obama-Discusses-Efforts-to-Reform-Spending/">Archived</a> 2009-11-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, WhiteHouse.gov, Apr 18, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-clarkerichard1-146"><a href="#cite_ref-clarkerichard1_146-0">^</a> Position created.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clinton2.nara.gov/WH/EOP/NSC/html/documents/NSCDoc3.html">Presidential Decision Directive 63</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527233117/http://clinton2.nara.gov/WH/EOP/NSC/html/documents/NSCDoc3.html">Archived</a> 2010-05-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, May 1998. 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[https://web.archive.org/web/20090618071426/http://washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jun/15/hot-button-18545829/ "Hot Button"</a>, Washington Times, Jun 15, 2009. archived by WebCite. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221182156/http://www.mcc.gov/documents/reports/summary-board-091312-meeting.pdf">"Summary of the September 13, 2012 Meeting of the Board Of Directors of the Millennium Challenge Corporation, from the MCC.gov website"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mcc.gov/documents/reports/summary-board-091312-meeting.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on February 21, 2014. 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Dec 18, 1941. </li> <li id="cite_note-johnsonmonroe-153"><a href="#cite_ref-johnsonmonroe_153-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sc.edu/library/socar/uscs/2007/johnjm07.html">J. Monroe Johnson Papers, 1894–1964</a> University S Carolina Libraries. United Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JIIRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MOkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=400,3356032&dq=transportation+czar">"Transport Plan in Operation</a> Eugene Register-Guard, May 24, 1946. 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