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srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Blue_copyright.svg/30px-Blue_copyright.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Blue_copyright.svg/40px-Blue_copyright.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="197"></span></span> <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Copyright rules/ko">저작권</a> </div> <div style="width:;text-align:center; line-height:normal; float:none; border:1px solid gray; font-size:smaller; margin-bottom:5px; padding:5px;background:#f8f8f8;"> <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> <ul> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_subject_matter/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Copyright rules by subject matter/ko">공용:주제별 저작권 규칙</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/ko">공용:지역별 저작권 법규</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_tags/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Copyright tags/ko">공용:저작권 틀</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Cheque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Cheque">Cheque</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Commissioned_works?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Commissioned works">Commissioned works</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Currency/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Currency/ko">공용:화폐</a></span></li> <li><i><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:De_minimis/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:De minimis/ko">공용:사소한 이용</a></span></i></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Derivative_works?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Derivative works">Derivative works</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Freedom_of_panorama/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Freedom of panorama/ko">파노라마의 자유</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Government_works?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Government works">Government works</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Stamps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Stamps">Stamps</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Threshold_of_originality/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Threshold of originality/ko">공용:창작성의 기준</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Unprotected_works?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Unprotected works">Unprotected works</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">공용:PD-signature 틀을 사용할 때</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hesse_Signature.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hesse_Signature.svg/220px-Hesse_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hesse_Signature.svg/330px-Hesse_Signature.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Hesse_Signature.svg/440px-Hesse_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="121"></a> <figcaption> <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25ED%2597%25A4%25EB%25A5%25B4%25EB%25A7%258C_%25ED%2597%25A4%25EC%2584%25B8" class="extiw" title="w:ko:헤르만 헤세">헤르만 헤세</a>의 이 서명은 독일이나 미국에서 저작권의 보호를 받을 조건을 충족하지 않아 허용됩니다.</span> </figcaption> </figure> <p>이 페이지는 <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:PD-signature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:PD-signature">{{PD-signature}}</a> 틀을 사용할 때를 설명하고 있습니다.</p> <p><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:PD-signature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:PD-signature">{{PD-signature}}</a> 틀은 미국과 현지 법률에서 저작권 보호를 받지 못하는 개인의 사적 서명의 스캔 또는 사진에 사용합니다. 공용의 대부분의 콘텐츠와 마찬가지로 서명 이미지는 미국과 현지 법률에서 <i>모두</i> 퍼블릭 도메인이거나 자유 라이선스로 이용 가능해야 유지될 수 있습니다. 미국 법률은 일반적인 개인 서명에 대한 저작권이 없으므로 일반적으로 유일한 문제는 서명이 현지 법률에 따라 보호되는가 입니다.</p> <p>이 틀은 저작자가 사망한 후 70년이 지난(또는 현지 저작권 보호기간에 따라) 서명 같은 저작권이 만료된 서명에는 적용되지 않습니다. <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:PD-Old?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:PD-Old">{{PD-Old}}</a> 같은 틀을 대신 사용하세요.</p> <p>모든 국가는 아니지만 많은 국가에서 일반적인 서명은 저작권 보호의 요건을 충족하지 않습니다.</p> <p>서명이 저작권 보호를 받을 수 있는지의 여부를 정의하는 절대적인 법률이 없기 때문에 모든 경우에 판단을 내려야 합니다. 일반적으로 서명에 대한 저작권을 인정하지 않는 국가에서는 서명이 보호 가능한 예술 작품으로 인정받을 만큼 충분히 복잡한 경우(사소하지 않는 그림과 유사)에 그렇게 할 수 있습니다. 반면에 일반적으로 저작권을 인정하는 국가에서는 서명이 매우 단순한 경우(예를 들어 한 줄 또는 두 줄의 낙서인 경우)에 저작권을 인정하지 않을 수 있습니다.</p> <p>특정 서명에 어떤 국가의 법률이 적용되는 지 항상 명확하지 않을 수 있지만(이는 어려운 법적 문제일 수 있음) 개인의 국적 국가를 선택하는 것이 좋습니다.</p> <p><span id="United_States"></span></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#미국"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">미국</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#미국_2"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext"><span>미국</span></span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#대륙법계_국가"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">대륙법계 국가</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#독일"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext"><span>독일</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#중국"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext"><span>중국</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#일본"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext"><span>일본</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#요르단"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext"><span>요르단</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#페루"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext"><span>페루</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#러시아"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext"><span>러시아</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#대한민국"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext"><span>대한민국</span></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#중화민국"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext"><span>중화민국</span></span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#영미법계_국가"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">영미법계 국가</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#영국"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext"><span>영국</span></span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#PD-signature_틀을_사용하는_방법"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">PD-signature 틀을 사용하는 방법</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#서명과_상표권_보호"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">서명과 상표권 보호</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#서명_이미지의_재사용"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">서명 이미지의 재사용</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="미국" data-mw-thread-id="h-미국"><span id=".EB.AF.B8.EA.B5.AD"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-미국"></span>미국<span data-mw-comment-end="h-미국"></span></h2> </div> <div class="crt-section-header" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r355912508">.mw-parser-output .crt-section-header{background-color:#f8f8f8}.mw-parser-output .crt-section-transcludedfrom{float:right;margin-left:5px;margin-right:0;border:1px solid gray;background:linear-gradient(white,#f8f8f8);padding:5px;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .crt-section-header[dir="ltr"] .crt-section-transcludedfrom{float:right;margin-left:5px;margin-right:0}.mw-parser-output .crt-section-header[dir="rtl"] .crt-section-transcludedfrom{float:left;margin-right:5px;margin-left:0}</style> <div class="crt-section-transcludedfrom"> 텍스트가 다음에서 변환됨<br><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/United_States/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signatures" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United States/ko">COM:SIG United States</a> </div> <h4 id="미국_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-United_States-미국"><span id=".EB.AF.B8.EA.B5.AD_2"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-United_States-미국"></span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25EB%25AF%25B8%25EA%25B5%25AD" class="extiw" title="w:ko:미국"><span title="country primarily located in North America">미국</span></a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-United_States-미국"></span></h4> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></span></span> <b><bdi>OK</bdi></b> for a typical signature. In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ1.html%23wnp">Copyright circular Number 1</a> the US Copyright Office sets out a list of things on which copyright protection cannot be granted, including "<i>Titles, names, short phrases, and slogans; familiar symbols or designs; and mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring.</i>"</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>The US <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ipmall.info/hosted_resources/CopyrightCompendium/chapter_0500.asp">Copyright Compendium, chapter 503.02(2)</a> states that copyright will be denied to a character of Chinese calligraphy painted upon horizontally striated grass cloth. It states that "<i>like typography, calligraphy is not copyrightable as such, notwithstanding the effect achieved by calligraphic brush strokes across a striated surface</i>". Thus, it appears that calligraphy cannot be protected and, by analogy, signatures.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>In <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons_talk:Licensing/Archive_11?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Autographs.2Fsignatures" title="Commons talk:Licensing/Archive 11">Commons talk:Licensing/Archive 11#Autographs.2Fsignatures</a>, there is a reference to <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:BrokenSphere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:BrokenSphere">User:BrokenSphere</a> having sent an email to the US Copyright Office, and receiving the reply <i>"A signature is not protected by copyright".</i></p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>If the signature is sufficiently complex to be considered a protectable artistic work in the US (akin to a non-trivial drawing), it cannot be hosted on Commons regardless of the position under local law unless it has been licensed under a compatible license or would have fallen into the public domain under some other rule (e.g. expiration of copyright).</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p><span id="Civil_law_countries"></span></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="대륙법계_국가" data-mw-thread-id="h-대륙법계_국가"><span id=".EB.8C.80.EB.A5.99.EB.B2.95.EA.B3.84_.EA.B5.AD.EA.B0.80"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-대륙법계_국가"></span>대륙법계 국가<span data-mw-comment-end="h-대륙법계_국가"></span></h2> </div> <p>대륙법계 국가는 일반적으로 저작권 보호에서 일반적인 서명을 제외하는 비교적 높은 수준의 지적 창의성을 요구합니다.</p> <p><i>특정 국가에서 이 문제에 대한 특정 판례 또는 법적 조언을 알고 있는 경우 아래에 항목을 추가해주세요.</i></p> <div class="crt-section-header" dir="ltr"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r355912508"> <div class="crt-section-transcludedfrom"> 텍스트가 다음에서 변환됨<br><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/Germany/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signatures" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Germany/ko">COM:SIG Germany</a> </div> <h4 id="독일" data-mw-thread-id="h-Germany-대륙법계_국가"><span id=".EB.8F.85.EC.9D.BC"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Germany-대륙법계_국가"></span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25EB%258F%2585%25EC%259D%25BC" class="extiw" title="w:ko:독일"><span title="country in Central Europe">독일</span></a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Germany-대륙법계_국가"></span></h4> </div> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>German copyright law requires a high <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threshold_of_originality" class="extiw" title="en:Threshold of originality">threshold of originality</a>, called <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%25C3%25B6pfungsh%25C3%25B6he" class="extiw" title="de:Schöpfungshöhe">Schöpfungshöhe</a>.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></span></span> <b><bdi>OK</bdi></b> for a typical signature. The relevant law is the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesetz_%25C3%25BCber_Urheberrecht_und_verwandte_Schutzrechte" class="extiw" title="de:Gesetz über Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte">Urheberrechtsgesetz</a>, abbreviated UrhG. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dejure.org/gesetze/UrhG/2.html">Paragraph 2(2) UrhG</a> makes it clear that there is a threshold of originality that must be met: <i>"Werke im Sinne dieses Gesetzes sind nur persönliche geistige Schöpfungen"</i>, which can be roughly translated as <i>"According to this law, only personal intellectual creations are considered as works."</i> The <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%25C3%25B6pfungsh%25C3%25B6he" class="extiw" title="de:Schöpfungshöhe">Schöpfungshöhe</a> defines the minimal requirements that must be met for a work to become a copyrightable intellectual creation. In this context, signatures are comparable to <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebrauchsgrafik" class="extiw" title="de:Gebrauchsgrafik">simple graphics that just fulfill some practical purpose</a> which are likewise not eligible for copyright as documented by following cases:</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <ul> <li><i>OLG Köln, 6 U 199/85 (GRUR 1986, 889)</i> ruled that <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:ARD_logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:ARD logo.svg">this image</a> is ineligible for copyright including its animation</li> <li><i><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Constitutional_Court_of_Germany" class="extiw" title="en:Federal Constitutional Court of Germany">BVerfG</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bverfg.de/entscheidungen/rk20050126_1bvr157102.html">1 BvR 1571/02</a></i> ruled that <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Laufendes-Auge.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Laufendes-Auge.jpg">this image</a> is ineligible for copyright because it is a work of applied art serving a practical purpose which requires a higher threshold of originality</li> </ul> <p>In general, simple type faces and signatures for practical purposes are not eligible for copyright. To quote from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.de/books?id%3D6i_B3deSB0cC%26pg%3DPA118">Haimo Schack: <i>Urheber- und Urhebervertragsrecht</i>, p. 118:</a></p> <dl> <dd> <i>"Dagegen wird ein Urheberschutz von Schriftzeichen von der Rechtssprechung in aller Regel verneint. Auch das einprägsame Signet der "ARD-1" erfüllte nicht die Anforderungen an eine persönliche geistige Schöpfung. Seit dem 1.6.2004 werden Schriftzeichen nicht mehr über das Schriftzeichengesetz, sondern unmittelbar als Geschmacksmuster geschützt (vgl § 61 GeschmMG)."</i> </dd> </dl> <p>Rough translation:</p> <dl> <dd> <i>"In contrast, copyright protection for typefaces is declined by the prevailing case law. Even the catchy logo "ARD-1" did not fulfil the requirements of a personal intellectual creation. Since 1 June 2004 type faces are no longer protected by the Schriftzeichengesetz (law for type faces) but as design patents (see § 61 GeschmMG)."</i> </dd> </dl> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>See also <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechtsschutz_von_Schriftzeichen%23Schutz_handschriftlicher_Schriftarten_und_Gestaltungen" class="extiw" title="de:Rechtsschutz von Schriftzeichen">de:Rechtsschutz von Schriftzeichen#Schutz handschriftlicher Schriftarten und Gestaltungen</a>.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>However, there may still be copyright be if the signature is sufficiently complex to become a protectable artistic work (e.g. because it has more creativity than <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Laufendes-Auge.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:Laufendes-Auge.jpg">this image</a> - see above).</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p><span id="China,_People's_Republic_of"></span></p> <div class="crt-section-header" dir="ltr"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r355912508"> <div class="crt-section-transcludedfrom"> 텍스트가 다음에서 변환됨<br><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/China/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signatures" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/China/ko">COM:SIG China</a> </div> <h4 id="중국" data-mw-thread-id="h-China-대륙법계_국가"><span id=".EC.A4.91.EA.B5.AD"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-China-대륙법계_국가"></span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25EC%25A4%2591%25EA%25B5%25AD" class="extiw" title="w:ko:중국"><span title="cultural region, ancient civilization, and nation in East Asia, mostly refer to the People's Republic of China in political situation and rarely refer to the Republic of China">중국</span></a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-China-대륙법계_국가"></span></h4> </div> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></span></span> <b>Not OK</b>: According to the laws of the People's Republic of China, whether a work is protected by copyright, that is contingent on the <b>originality</b> (, literally "independent creativity"). Works having originality are protected and the copyright held by their authors ("<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Copyright_Law_of_the_People%2527s_Republic_of_China_(2020)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2020)">Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2020)</a> Article 15: "A work created by compilation shall refer to the work which is compiled of some works, fragments of works or the data or other materials not constituting a work, and the choice or layout of the contents of which embodies the original creation. The copyright of the compilation work shall be enjoyed by the compiler, provided that the exercise of such copyright does not infringe upon the copyright of the pre-existing works included in the compilation.") The signatures are commonly created independently rather than imitatively.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>The signatures by the Chinese people containing Chinese characters may be considered as Chinese calligraphy works, and thus defined as <b>artwork</b> (, or translated as "works of fine arts") and protected by law ("<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Regulations_for_the_Implementation_of_the_Copyright_Law_of_the_People%2527s_Republic_of_China_(2002)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Regulations for the Implementation of the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2002)">Regulations for the Implementation of the Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China (2002)</a> Article 4: "(8) 'works of fine arts' means two- or three-dimensional works of the plastic arts created in lines, colours or other media which impart aesthetic effect, such as paintings, works of calligraphy and sculptures;"). In a typical case, Dow Jones & Company had used a calligraphy "" written by calligrapher Guan Dongsheng. In 2003, Guan Dongsheng won his court action against the company, ruling by the Beijing First Intermediate People's Court. The artwork can be seen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2003-07/17/xinsrc_6c0af1f686894e56b3924aa093894adb.jpg">here</a>.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p><b>Exceptions<span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></span></span> </b><bdi>OK</bdi><b>:</b></p> <ul> <li>If a signature is originally from documents of legislative, administrative, or judicial nature, it is in the public domain (see <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:PD-PRC-exempt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:PD-PRC-exempt"><span style="font-family:monospace,monospace;">{{PD-PRC-exempt}}</span></a>).</li> <li>Signatures whose author died more than 50 years ago are in the public domain.</li> <li>If the work is not a handwritten signature, but was instead created using standard, common typefaces of <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_(typeface)" class="extiw" title="w:Ming (typeface)">Ming</a>, <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_sans-serif_typeface" class="extiw" title="w:East Asian sans-serif typeface">Sans-serif</a>, or <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_script" class="extiw" title="w:Regular script">Regular script</a>, it may be in the public domain. However, the vector glyphs in computer fonts may still be copyrighted.</li> </ul> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div class="crt-section-header" dir="ltr"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r355912508"> <div class="crt-section-transcludedfrom"> 텍스트가 다음에서 변환됨<br><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/Japan/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signatures" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Japan/ko">COM:SIG Japan</a> </div> <h4 id="일본" data-mw-thread-id="h-Japan-대륙법계_국가"><span id=".EC.9D.BC.EB.B3.B8"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Japan-대륙법계_국가"></span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25EC%259D%25BC%25EB%25B3%25B8" class="extiw" title="w:ko:일본"><span title="island country in East Asia">일본</span></a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Japan-대륙법계_국가"></span></h4> </div> 사용 가능한 정보 없음 <div class="crt-section-header" dir="ltr"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r355912508"> <div class="crt-section-transcludedfrom"> 텍스트가 다음에서 변환됨<br><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/Jordan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signatures" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Jordan">COM:SIG Jordan</a> </div> <h4 id="요르단" data-mw-thread-id="h-Jordan-대륙법계_국가"><span id=".EC.9A.94.EB.A5.B4.EB.8B.A8"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Jordan-대륙법계_국가"></span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25EC%259A%2594%25EB%25A5%25B4%25EB%258B%25A8" class="extiw" title="w:ko:요르단"><span title="country in the Middle East">요르단</span></a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Jordan-대륙법계_국가"></span></h4> </div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></span></span> <b><bdi>OK</bdi></b> for a typical signature, based on <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ar:%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25AD%25D9%2582_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A4%25D9%2584%25D9%2581_%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25D8%25A9_1992_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AF%25D9%2584_%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25D8%25A9_2005_(%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D9%2586)%23.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.AF.D8.A9_.283.29" class="extiw" title="wikisource:ar:قانون حماية حق المؤلف لسنة 1992 المعدل سنة 2005 (الأردن)"> Article 3</a> of Jordanian copyright law, which specifies what is eligible to be copyrighted. <div class="crt-section-header" dir="ltr"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r355912508"> <div class="crt-section-transcludedfrom"> 텍스트가 다음에서 변환됨<br><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/Peru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signatures" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Peru">COM:SIG Peru</a> </div> <h4 id="페루" data-mw-thread-id="h-Peru-대륙법계_국가"><span id=".ED.8E.98.EB.A3.A8"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Peru-대륙법계_국가"></span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25ED%258E%2598%25EB%25A3%25A8" class="extiw" title="w:ko:페루"><span title="sovereign state in South America">페루</span></a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Peru-대륙법계_국가"></span></h4> </div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></span></span> <b><bdi>OK</bdi></b> for a typical signature. Because calligraphies consist of trivial mechanical processes that do not involve artistic and literary efforts, they do not pass the threshold of originality due to the lack of reasonable creative and individual transmission during their process ("mera naturaleza de las cosas").<sup id="cite_ref-originalidadforsetti_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-originalidadforsetti-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Resolution No. 0286-1998/TPI-INDECOPI explains the differences between a creative work and a trivial work, therefore not all creations are authentic and not are subject for their protection.<sup id="cite_ref-Indecopi2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Indecopi2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, Resolution No. 0148-2008/TPI-INDECOPI sets to the drawings of common use cannot pass the attributes of individuality, making the signatures look the same as the concept of uncopyrighted drawings. <p><span id="RETROACTIVITY"></span></p> <div class="crt-section-header" dir="ltr"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r355912508"> <div class="crt-section-transcludedfrom"> 텍스트가 다음에서 변환됨<br><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signatures" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Russia">COM:SIG Russia</a> </div> <h4 id="러시아" data-mw-thread-id="h-Russia-대륙법계_국가"><span id=".EB.9F.AC.EC.8B.9C.EC.95.84"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Russia-대륙법계_국가"></span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25EB%259F%25AC%25EC%258B%259C%25EC%2595%2584" class="extiw" title="w:ko:러시아"><span title="country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia">러시아</span></a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Russia-대륙법계_국가"></span></h4> </div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_check-constructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></span></span> <b>괜찮습니다</b>. Signature used for expression of will, for identification, or in similar cases is a legal or technical tool, it is not work of science, literature, or art, so it is not copyrightable.<br> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_neutral_vote.svg/15px-Symbol_neutral_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_neutral_vote.svg/23px-Symbol_neutral_vote.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_neutral_vote.svg/30px-Symbol_neutral_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"></span></span> <b><bdi>Depend on case</bdi></b>. Signature used for other purposes can be protected depending on its creativity.</p> <div class="crt-section-header" dir="ltr"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r355912508"> <div class="crt-section-transcludedfrom"> 텍스트가 다음에서 변환됨<br><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/South_Korea/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signatures" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/South Korea/ko">COM:SIG South Korea</a> </div> <h4 id="대한민국" data-mw-thread-id="h-South_Korea-대륙법계_국가"><span id=".EB.8C.80.ED.95.9C.EB.AF.BC.EA.B5.AD"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-South_Korea-대륙법계_국가"></span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25EB%258C%2580%25ED%2595%259C%25EB%25AF%25BC%25EA%25B5%25AD" class="extiw" title="w:ko:대한민국"><span title="country in East Asia">대한민국</span></a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-South_Korea-대륙법계_국가"></span></h4> </div> 사용 가능한 정보 없음 <p><span id="Taiwan_(Republic_of_China)"></span></p> <div class="crt-section-header" dir="ltr"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r355912508"> <div class="crt-section-transcludedfrom"> 텍스트가 다음에서 변환됨<br><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signatures" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/Taiwan">COM:SIG Taiwan</a> </div> <h4 id="중화민국" data-mw-thread-id="h-Taiwan-대륙법계_국가"><span id=".EC.A4.91.ED.99.94.EB.AF.BC.EA.B5.AD"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Taiwan-대륙법계_국가"></span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25EC%25A4%2591%25ED%2599%2594%25EB%25AF%25BC%25EA%25B5%25AD" class="extiw" title="w:ko:중화민국"><span title="country in East Asia">중화민국</span></a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Taiwan-대륙법계_국가"></span></h4> </div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></span></span> <b>Not OK</b>: This <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/Pql5D">government regulation</a> (archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www1.tipo.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem%3D332403%26ctNode%3D7011%26mp%3D1">original</a>) lists handwriting and calligraphy as examples of artistic works that are subject to copyright protection. <p><span id="Common_law_countries"></span></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="영미법계_국가" data-mw-thread-id="h-영미법계_국가"><span id=".EC.98.81.EB.AF.B8.EB.B2.95.EA.B3.84_.EA.B5.AD.EA.B0.80"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-영미법계_국가"></span>영미법계 국가<span data-mw-comment-end="h-영미법계_국가"></span></h2> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>Most Common law countries use a "skill and labour" test to determine the minimum level of originality capable of attracting copyright protection, and in some countries such as the UK the required level is extremely low. Without some research into individual laws, it cannot be assumed that a signature from a Common law country is necessarily allowed on Commons. If there is real doubt about the position a local court would take, then the image must be deleted under the <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:PRP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Commons:PRP">precautionary principle</a>.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>If the signature is extremely simple (e.g. a scribbled line or two), it will not be copyright even in Common law countries.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p><i>If you are aware of specific caselaw or legal advice on this issue in any country, please add an entry below.</i></p> </div> <div class="crt-section-header" dir="ltr"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r355912508"> <div class="crt-section-transcludedfrom"> 텍스트가 다음에서 변환됨<br><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Copyright_rules_by_territory/United_Kingdom/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signatures" title="Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United Kingdom/ko">COM:SIG United Kingdom</a> </div> <h4 id="영국" data-mw-thread-id="h-United_Kingdom-영미법계_국가"><span id=".EC.98.81.EA.B5.AD"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-United_Kingdom-영미법계_국가"></span><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ko:%25EC%2598%2581%25EA%25B5%25AD" class="extiw" title="w:ko:영국"><span title="country in north-west Europe (1920s-)">영국</span></a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-United_Kingdom-영미법계_국가"></span></h4> </div> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_close-ltr-destructive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></span></span> <b>괜찮지 않음</b> for a typical signature. The level of originality required for copyright protection in the United Kingdom is very low, and it is easily arguable that personal signatures are entitled to copyright protection. Under United Kingdom law, a signature may be protectable as a graphic work (a type of artistic work). Artistic works are protected regardless of artistic merit. There are various sources that point in that direction, including the following:</p> </div> <ul> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The practitioners' text <i>Copinger and Skone James on Copyright</i> mentions, at para. 2-23, an unreported decision that a signature combined with an (apparently copyrighted) shield device can be accorded artistic copyright.</span></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Professor Charles Oppenheim of de Montfort University: "<i>graphic works, photographs, sculptures and collages are protected regardless of artistic merit. Your signature is an artistic work, as you always suspected</i>" See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/services/elib/papers/other/copyright/session1/">presentation of Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)</a>.</span></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sallie Spilsbury, <i>Media Law</i>, 2000, p. 439: <i>An individual's signature may be protected under law as an artistic work. If so, the unauthorised reproduction of the signature will infringe copyright. The name itself will not be protected by copyright; it is the appearance of the signature which is protected.</i></span></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Alan Story LLM, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20010114193500/http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/1998/issue5/story5.html">"<i>Owning Diana: From People's Princess to Private Property</i>"</a> accepts it is that possible ("<i>though debatable</i>") that there may be copyright in Diana's signature as an original artistic work. This is of interest, in that Story accepts this even though he is writing from an anti-protectionist angle.</span></li> <li><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927060039/http://www.mersey-gateway.org/server.php?show%3DConNarrative.29%26chapterId%3D140">E. Chambré Hardman Archive Copyright Clinic page</a> states that "<i>Somebody’s signature is also thought of as an artistic work, rather than a literary work.</i>"</span></li> </ul> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>Unless further legal commentary or caselaw to the contrary becomes available, the UK position is that typical personal signatures are arguably entitled to protection under local law, and generally UK signatures should be deleted under the <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Project_scope/Precautionary_principle/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Project scope/Precautionary principle/ko">precautionary principle</a>. However, if the signature is extremely simple (eg a scribbled line or two), it will not be copyright even in the UK.</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p><span id="How_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag"></span></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="PD-signature_틀을_사용하는_방법" data-mw-thread-id="h-PD-signature_틀을_사용하는_방법"><span id="PD-signature_.ED.8B.80.EC.9D.84_.EC.82.AC.EC.9A.A9.ED.95.98.EB.8A.94_.EB.B0.A9.EB.B2.95"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-PD-signature_틀을_사용하는_방법"></span>PD-signature 틀을 사용하는 방법<span data-mw-comment-end="h-PD-signature_틀을_사용하는_방법"></span></h2> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>You can apply the tag <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:PD-signature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:PD-signature">{{PD-signature}}</a> to a photograph or scan of a personal signature provided that:</p> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <ul> <li>The signature is highly likely to fall below the threshold of originality for protection in the US; and</li> <li>It is highly likely to fall below the threshold of originality for the stated country. (If the signature is of "typical" complexity/creativity, it should be assumed free in Civil law countries and unfree in Common law countries for which no specific country rule is listed above); and</li> <li>You <i><b>explicitly state</b></i> as a parameter to the tag which country's law is relevant, (e.g. the individual's country of nationality).</li> </ul> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>Note that you <i>must</i> specify a country, so that a judgement can be made as the minimum level of originality required under local law. If no country is stated, or if the signature is arguably complex/creative enough to attract copyright then the image cannot be assumed free and will be deleted under the <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:PRP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Commons:PRP">precautionary principle</a>.</p> </div> <p><span id="Signatures_and_trademark_protection"></span></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="서명과_상표권_보호" data-mw-thread-id="h-서명과_상표권_보호"><span id=".EC.84.9C.EB.AA.85.EA.B3.BC_.EC.83.81.ED.91.9C.EA.B6.8C_.EB.B3.B4.ED.98.B8"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-서명과_상표권_보호"></span>서명과 상표권 보호<span data-mw-comment-end="h-서명과_상표권_보호"></span></h2> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <p>In many countries, a signature is capable of being protected as a trademark. However, even where a signature is protected by trademark laws it can still be hosted here: see <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:Non-copyright_restrictions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commons:Non-copyright restrictions">Commons:Non-copyright restrictions</a>. If you know that a particular signature is trademark-protected, you can add the <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Trademark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Trademark">{{Trademark}}</a> disclaimer as well as the <a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:PD-signature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:PD-signature">{{PD-signature}}</a> tag.</p> </div> <p><span id="Reuse_of_signature_images"></span></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"> <h2 id="서명_이미지의_재사용" data-mw-thread-id="h-서명_이미지의_재사용"><span id=".EC.84.9C.EB.AA.85_.EC.9D.B4.EB.AF.B8.EC.A7.80.EC.9D.98_.EC.9E.AC.EC.82.AC.EC.9A.A9"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-서명_이미지의_재사용"></span>서명 이미지의 재사용<span data-mw-comment-end="h-서명_이미지의_재사용"></span></h2> </div> <table class="messagebox standard-talk" style="direction:ltr; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-error--hover,#CC9999); background-color: var(--background-color-error-subtle,#FFCCCC);color: inherit;"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Warning"><img alt="Warning" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dialog-stop-hand.svg/50px-Dialog-stop-hand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dialog-stop-hand.svg/75px-Dialog-stop-hand.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Dialog-stop-hand.svg/100px-Dialog-stop-hand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"></span></span></td> <td align="left" width="100%">{{{1}}}</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-originalidadforsetti-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-originalidadforsetti_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Enrique, Cavero Safra (july 2015). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://revistas.up.edu.pe/index.php/forseti/article/view/1145">El concepto de originalidad en el derecho de autor peruano</a>". <i>Forsetti</i> (5): 113-127. <span lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN" class="extiw" title="en:ISSN"><span lang="en" dir="ltr">ISSN</span></a></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2312-3583">2312-3583</a>. Retrieved on <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-08-20">2021-08-20</span>.</cite></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Indecopi2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://commons-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commons:When_to_use_the_PD-signature_tag/ko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Indecopi2015_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">Ministry of Justice (2015). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.minjus.gob.pe/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/MINJUS-DGDOJ-Precedentes-y-normativa-del-Indecopi-en-propiedad-intelectual.pdf">Precedentes y normativa del Indecopi en Propiedad Intelectual</a>". <i>Indecopi</i>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN" class="extiw" title="en:ISSN"><span lang="en" dir="ltr">ISSN</span></a></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2409-7667">2409-7667</a>.</cite></span></li> </ol> </div>   </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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