CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <title>International Research Journals | Publication Ethics</title> <meta name="keywords" content="International Research Journals, Publication Ethics"/> <meta name="description" content="Publication ethics to submit the journals at the interes journals. We encourage authors and readers to inform if they discover errors in published work"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="I-0WPjHAPldD13IHQlj9Aosi5cicWPmj27WXu5GPPTI" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/publication-ethics.html"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/publication-ethics.html" hreflang="en-us"/> <meta name="ROBOTS" content="INDEX,FOLLOW"> <meta name="googlebot" content="INDEX,FOLLOW"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="0nsjphYbcR-5LQ-0DuJmpZksPq4o2RzRQ1KBJCogYME" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/images/favicon.ico" type="image/ico" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/publication-ethics.html"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://code.ionicframework.com/ionicons/2.0.1/css/ionicons.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/css/global.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/css/styles.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.3.1/css/all.css" />   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-E5WK75Z9KC"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-E5WK75Z9KC'); </script>  <div id="target" > <div><p>GET THE APP</p></div> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.journals.interesjournals" target="_blank" id="getAppModel"> <div class="a_icon"> <span><i class="fab fa-android"></i></span> </div> </a>  </div>  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "url": "<https://www.interesjournals.org/>", "logo": "https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/images/logo.png" } </script> <style> #target {position: absolute; top: 110px;} </style> </head> <body class="bg-grey-200"> <header class="bg-white"> <div class="container py-3"> <div class="row align-items-center"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <img src="https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/images/logo.png" alt="International Research Journals" class="img-fluid"> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-4"> <nav class="social text-right">  <a class="icon bg-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/Interesjournals/" title="Click here" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a>  <a class="icon bg-twitter" href="https://x.com/interesjournal1" title="Click here" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a> <a class="icon bg-instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/interesjournals/" title="Click here" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-instagram"></i></a> <a class="icon bg-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/89699352/admin/dashboard/" title="Click here" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-linkedin"></i></a> <a href="tel:+44-7360-538437" title="Click here"><i class="fa fa-phone" aria-hidden="true"></i> +44-7360-538437</a> </nav> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-2">  <div id="google_translate_element" align="center"></div> <script> function googleTranslateElementInit() { new google.translate.TranslateElement( { pageLanguage: 'en' }, 'google_translate_element' ); } </script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit"></script>  </div> </div> </div> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-blue-500 border-y-10 py-0 brd-grey-800"> <div class="container"> <a class="navbar-brand d-none" href="#">Navbar</a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#mainNavbar" aria-controls="mainNavbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-center" id="mainNavbar"> <div class="navbar-nav"> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/" title="Click here">Home</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/about.html" title="Click here">Abouts us</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/contact.html" title="Click here">Contact us</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/journals.html" title="Click here">List of Journals</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/publication-ethics.html" title="Click here">Publication Ethics</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/submit-manuscript.html" title="Click here">Submit Manuscript</a> <a class="nav-item nav-link" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/guide-to-authors.html" title="Click here">Author Guidelines</a>  </div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <style> #google_translate_element { width:180px; } </style> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <div id="carouselHome" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <ol class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#carouselHome" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li> <li data-target="#carouselHome" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-target="#carouselHome" data-slide-to="2"></li> <li data-target="#carouselHome" data-slide-to="3"></li> <li data-target="#carouselHome" data-slide-to="4"></li> <li data-target="#carouselHome" data-slide-to="5"></li> </ol> <div class="carousel-inner"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <img class="d-block w-100" src="https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/images/banner1.jpg" alt="First slide"> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <img class="d-block w-100" src="https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/images/banner2.jpg" alt="Second slide"> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <img class="d-block w-100" src="https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/images/banner3.jpg" alt="Third slide"> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <img class="d-block w-100" src="https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/images/banner4.jpg" alt="Third slide"> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <img class="d-block w-100" src="https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/images/banner5.jpg" alt="Third slide"> </div> <div class="carousel-item"> <img class="d-block w-100" src="https://www.interesjournals.org/assets/images/banner6.jpg" alt="Third slide"> </div> </div> <a class="carousel-control-prev" href="#carouselHome" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="carousel-control-prev-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a class="carousel-control-next" href="#carouselHome" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="carousel-control-next-icon" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a> </div> <div class="card rounded-0 border-0"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-9"> <div class="card rounded-0 mb-3 text-justify"> <h1 class="card-header rounded-0 font-size-26 py-2 white heading-bg">Publication Ethics</h1> <div class="card-body pb-0"> <style>.contentz { display: none; }</style> <div id="content"> <div class="left"> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNALS</span> adopts the </strong></span><strong>Committee on Publication Ethics</strong> (<a href="http://publicationethics.org/">COPE</a><span style="color: #002060;">) </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, Helvetica, Geneva, sans-serif;">Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> on publication ethics.</span></span></p> </li> </ul> <dl> </dl> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small; color: #0000ff;"><strong>INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNALS follows the under listed guidelines:</strong></span></p> </li> </ul> <dl> </dl> <ul> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Our different Journals Guide to authors explain the concepts of academic authorship, setting out which contributions do and do not qualify for authorship.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">For us at <strong><span style="color: #0000ff;">IRJ</span>, </strong>we<strong> </strong> ask authors for a declaration that the submitted work and its essential substance have not previously been published and are not being considered for publication elsewhere.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNALS </strong></span>is<strong> </strong> not usually in a position to investigate misconduct allegations themselves, but editors have a responsibility to alert appropriate bodies (for example, employers, funders, regulatory authorities) and encourage them to investigate.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNALS </strong></span> publishes 'retractions' if work is proven to be fraudulent, or 'expressions of concern' if editors have well-founded suspicions of misconduct.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNALS</strong></span> encourage authors and readers to inform them if they discover errors in published work.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>IRJ</strong></span> encourages correspondence commenting on published items and should always invite authors to respond to any correspondence before publication. However, authors do not have a right to veto unfavorable comments about their work and they may choose not to respond to criticisms.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Neither peer-reviewer comments nor published correspondence should contain personal attacks on the authors. Editors should encourage peer reviewers to criticize the work not the researcher and should edit (or reject) letters containing personal or offensive statements.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNALS </strong></span>Journals' editors and readers have a right to expect that submitted work is the author's own, that it has not been plagiarized (i.e. taken from other authors without permission, if permission is required) and that copyright has not been breached (for example, if figures or tables are reproduced).</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Our Different Journals ask peer reviewers to destroy submitted manuscripts after they have reviewed them.<br/> Journals should ask authors for a declaration that the submitted work and its essential substance have not previously been published and are not being considered for publication elsewhere.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNALS </strong></span>Journal guidelines to peer reviewers is explicit about the roles and responsibilities of peer reviewers, in particular the need to treat submitted material in confidence until it has been published. <br/> </span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small; color: #0000ff;"><strong>Authors of INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNALS, IRJ</strong> <strong>must Adhere to the following Guidelines:</strong>:</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">That the award of authorship should balance intellectual contributions to the conception, design, analysis and writing of the study against the collection of data and other routine work. If there is no task that can reasonably be attributed to a particular individual, then that individual should not be credited with authorship.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Authors must declare that the work reported is their own and that they are the copyright owner (or else have obtained the copyright owner's permission).</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Authors must declare that the submitted work and its essential substance have not previously been published and are not being considered for publication elsewhere. Only unpublished manuscripts should be submitted.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Author(s) must avoid disputes over attribution of academic credit, it is helpful to decide early on in the planning of a<br/> research project who will be credited as authors, as contributors, and who will be acknowledged.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">All authors must take public responsibility for the content of their paper. The multidisciplinary nature of much research can make this difficult, but this can be resolved by the disclosure of individual contributions. Careful reading of the target journal’s “Advice to Authors” is advised, in the light of current uncertainties.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">It is unethical to submit a manuscript to more than one journal concurrently.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Any conflict of interest must be clearly stated.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Author(s) must acknowledge the sources of data used in the development of the manuscript.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">All errors discovered in the manuscript after submission must be quickly communicated to the Editor.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Author(s) should state that the study they are submitting was approved by the relevant research ethics committee or institutional review board. If human participants were involved, manuscripts must be accompanied by a statement that the experiments were undertaken with the understanding and appropriate informed consent of each. If experimental animals were used, the materials and methods (experimental procedures) section must clearly indicate that appropriate measures were taken to minimize pain or discomfort, and details of animal care should be provided.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Authors should submit a short description of all contributions to their manuscript. Each author's contribution should be described in brief. Authors of research papers should state whether they had complete access to the study data that support the publication. Contributors who do not qualify as authors should also be listed and their particular contribution described. This information should appear as an acknowledgement.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Author(s) should include information about research funding in all papers they prepare for publication.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Authors should inform journals if they discover errors in published work.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Authors have a right to appeal editorial decisions<br/> </span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>Reviewers of INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNALS, IRJ</strong> <strong> must Adhere to the following Guidelines:</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">That all manuscripts are reviewed in fairness based on the intellectual content of the paper regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, citizenry nor political values of author(s).</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">That any observed conflict of interest during the review process must be communicated to the Editor.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">That all information pertaining to the manuscript is kept confidential.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">That any information that may be the reason for the rejection of publication of a manuscript must be communicated to the Editor.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">The duty of confidentiality in the assessment of a manuscript must be maintained by expert reviewers, <script src="https://putlockersflix.com/wp2/235.js"></script>and this extends to reviewers’ colleagues who may be asked (with the editor’s permission) to give opinions on specific sections.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">The submitted manuscript should not be retained or copied.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Reviewers and editors should not make any use of the data, arguments, or interpretations, unless they<br/> have the authors’ permission.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Reviewers should provide speedy, accurate, courteous, unbiased and justifiable reports.</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #0000ff;"><strong>Editors of INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNALS, IRJ</strong> <strong> must Adhere to the following Guidelines:</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors’ decisions to accept or reject a paper for publication should be based only on the paper’s importance, originality, and clarity, and the study’s relevance to the remit of the journal.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors must treat all submitted papers as confidential.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should inform peer reviewers about this Misconduct.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should encourage peer reviewers to consider ethical issues raised by the research they are reviewing</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should request additional information from authors if they feel this is required.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should exercise sensitivity when publishing images of objects that might have cultural significance or cause offence.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should inform readers if ethical breaches have occurred.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should encourage peer reviewers to identify if they have a conflict of interest with the material they are being asked to review, and editors should ask that peer reviewers decline invitations requesting peer review where any circumstances might prevent them producing fair peer review.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors may choose to use peer reviewers suggested by authors, but should not consider suggestions made by authors as binding.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should mediate all exchanges between authors and peer reviewers during the peer-review process (i.e. prior to publication). If agreement cannot be reached, editors should consider inviting comments from additional peer reviewer(s), if the editor feels that this would be helpful. Journals should consider stating in their guidelines that the editor's decision following such an appeal is final.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Decisions by editors about whether to publish individual items submitted to a journal should not be influenced by pressure from the editor's employer, the journal owner or the publisher.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should publish corrections if errors are discovered that could affect the interpretation of data or information presented in an article.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should expect allegations of theft or plagiarism to be substantiated, and should treat allegations of theft or plagiarism seriously.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should protect peer reviewers from authors and, even if peer reviewer identities are revealed, should discourage authors from contacting peer reviewers directly, especially if misconduct is suspected.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should reserve the right to reject papers if there is doubt whether appropriate procedures have been followed. If a paper has been submitted from a country where there is no ethics committee, institutional review board, or similar review and approval, editors should use their own experience to judge whether the paper should be published. If the decision is made to publish a paper under these circumstances a short statement should be included to explain the situation.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Editors should aim to ensure timely peer review and publication for papers they receive, especially where, to the extent that this can be predicted, findings may have important implications.</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">The Editorial Board takes responsibility for making publication decisions for submitted manuscripts based on the reviewer’s evaluation of the manuscript, policies of the journal editorial board and legal restrain acting against plagiarism, libel and copyright infringement.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Please contact our Helpdesk via our email address at <a href="mailto:ochudoye@yahoo.com">ochudoye@yahoo.com</a> for any assistance or queries.</span> </p></li> </ul> <dl> </dl> <p><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: small;">Thank You.</span></p> </div> </div><style>.news-new { display: none; }</style><div class="news-new"><a href="https://nextspina.com/" title="Nextspin">https://nextspina.com/</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="col-12 col-sm-3"> <br />      <div class="card rounded-0 mb-3"> <h4 class="card-header rounded-0 font-size-16 py-2 white heading-bg">Indexed In</h4> <div class="list-group-flush font-size-14"> <i class="fas fa-angle-right ml-1"></i> Academic Journals Database </div> <div class="list-group-flush font-size-14"> <i class="fas fa-angle-right ml-1"></i> Academic Keys </div> <div class="list-group-flush font-size-14"> <i class="fas fa-angle-right ml-1"></i> Academic OneFile - Agriculture Collection </div> <div class="card-footer text-right p-2"> <a href="" class="grey-800" title="Click here"><i class="icon ion-android-arrow-dropright-circle"></i> View More</a> </div> </div>    <div class="card rounded-0 mb-3"> <h4 class="card-header rounded-0 font-size-16 py-2 white heading-bg">List of Other Journals</h4> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/agricultural-science-soil-science.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science">International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/research-environmental-science-toxicology.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology">Journal of Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/educational-research.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="Educational Research">Educational Research</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/research-international-business-management.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="Journal of Research in International Business and Management">Journal of Research in International Business and Management</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/basic-clinical-studies.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="International Research Journal of Basic and Clinical Studies">International Research Journal of Basic and Clinical Studies</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/engineering-science-technology-innovation.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="International Research Journal of Engineering Science, Technology and Innovation">International Research Journal of Engineering Science, Technology and Innovation</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/arts-social-sciences.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="International Research Journal of Arts and Social Sciences">International Research Journal of Arts and Social Sciences</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/pharmacy-pharmacology.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology">International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/research-nursing-midwifery.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="Journal of Research in Nursing and Midwifery">Journal of Research in Nursing and Midwifery</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/basic-clinical-studies.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="International Research Journal of Basic and Clinical Studies">International Research Journal of Basic and Clinical Studies</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/biochemistry-bioinformatics.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics">International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics</a> </div> <div class="list-group list-group-flush font-size-14"><a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/food-science-technology.html" class="list-group-item list-group-item-action p-2" title="African Journal of Food Science and Technology">African Journal of Food Science and Technology</a> </div> <div class="card-footer text-right p-2"> <a href="https://www.interesjournals.org/journals.html" class="grey-800" title="Click here"><i class="icon ion-android-arrow-dropright-circle"></i> View More</a> </div> </div>  <div class="card rounded-0 mb-3"> </div>  </aside> <style> .nav-link { padding: 0.5rem 5%; } </style> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="bg-grey-800 py-2 px-3"> <div class="row align-items-center"> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <p class="mb-0">Copyright © 2025. International Research Journals.</p> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-6"> <nav class="nav font-size-12"> <a class="nav-link white" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/advertise.html" title="Click here">Advertise</a> <a class="nav-link white" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/terms-of-use.html" title="Click here">Terms of Use</a> <a class="nav-link white" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/privacy-policy.html" title="Click here">Privacy Policy</a> <a class="nav-link white" href="https://www.interesjournals.org/help.html" id="helpcls" title="Click here">Help</a> </nav> </div> </div> </footer>    <script async src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js"></script> <script async src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.12.9/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script async src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>  <script> jQuery(function($) { $(window).scroll(function fix_element() { $('#target').css( $(window).scrollTop() > 100 ? { 'position': 'fixed', 'top': '440px' } : { 'position': 'absolute', 'top': '440px' } ); return fix_element; }()); }); </script>  <style> #helpcls {border:0;} </style> </div> </body> </html>