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concentration distribution</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: concentration distribution"> <meta name="keywords" content="concentration distribution"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="concentration distribution"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9669</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: concentration distribution</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9669</span> Study on Concentration and Temperature Measurement with 760 nm Diode Laser in Combustion System Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miyeon%20Yoo">Miyeon Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sewon%20Kim"> Sewon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changyeop%20Lee"> Changyeop Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important to measure the internal temperature or temperature distribution precisely in combustion system to increase energy efficiency and reduce the pollutants. Especially in case of large combustion systems such as power plant boiler and reheating furnace of steel making process, it is very difficult to measure those physical properties in detail. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy measurement and analysis can be attractive method to overcome the difficulty. In this paper, TDLAS methods are used to measure the oxygen concentration and temperature distribution in various experimental conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunable%20diode%20laser%20absorption%20Spectroscopy" title="tunable diode laser absorption Spectroscopy">tunable diode laser absorption Spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20distribution" title=" temperature distribution"> temperature distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20concentration" title=" gas concentration"> gas concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3424/study-on-concentration-and-temperature-measurement-with-760-nm-diode-laser-in-combustion-system-using-tunable-diode-laser-absorption-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9668</span> Real-Time Observation of Concentration Distribution for Mix Liquids including Water in Micro Fluid Channel with Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroki%20Takiguchi">Hiroki Takiguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masahiro%20Furuya"> Masahiro Furuya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahiro%20Arai"> Takahiro Arai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to quantitatively comprehend thermal flow for some industrial applications such as nuclear and chemical reactors, detailed measurements for temperature and abundance (concentration) of materials at high temporal and spatial resolution are required. Additionally, rigorous evaluation of the size effect is also important for practical realization. This paper introduces a real-time spectroscopic imaging method in micro scale field, which visualizes temperature and concentration distribution of a liquid or mix liquids with near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region. This imaging principle is based on absorption of pre-selected narrow band from absorption spectrum peak or its dependence property of target liquid in NIR region. For example, water has a positive temperature sensitivity in the wavelength at 1905 nm, therefore the temperature of water can be measured using the wavelength band. In the experiment, the real-time imaging observation of concentration distribution in micro channel was demonstrated to investigate the applicability of micro-scale diffusion coefficient and temperature measurement technique using this proposed method. The effect of thermal diffusion and binary mutual diffusion was evaluated with the time-series visualizations of concentration distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-infrared%20spectroscopic%20imaging" title="near-infrared spectroscopic imaging">near-infrared spectroscopic imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20fluid%20channel" title=" micro fluid channel"> micro fluid channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration%20distribution" title=" concentration distribution"> concentration distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion%20phenomenon" title=" diffusion phenomenon"> diffusion phenomenon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82076/real-time-observation-of-concentration-distribution-for-mix-liquids-including-water-in-micro-fluid-channel-with-near-infrared-spectroscopic-imaging-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9667</span> Statistical Optimization of Distribution Coefficient for Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid Using Tri-n-octyl Amine in Oleyl Alcohol and n-Hexane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avinash%20Thakur">Avinash Thakur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parmjit%20S.%20Panesar"> Parmjit S. Panesar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manohar%20Singh"> Manohar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The distribution coefficient, KD for the reactive extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions of lactic acid using 10-30% (v/v) tri-n-octyl amine (extractant) dissolved in n-hexane (inert diluent) and 20% (v/v) oleyl alcohol (modifier) was optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). A three level Box-Behnken design was employed for experimental design, analysis of the results and to depict the combined interactive effect of seven independent variables, viz lactic acid concentration (cl), pH, TOA concentration in organic phase (ψ), treat ratio (φ), temperature (T), agitation speed (ω) and batch agitation time (τ) on distribution coefficient of lactic acid. The regression analysis recommended that the quadratic model is significant (R2 and adjusted R2 are 98.72 % and 98.69 % respectively) for analysis. A numerical optimization had resulted in maximum lactic acid distribution coefficient (KD) of 3.16 at the optimized values for test variables, cl, pH, ψ, φ, T, ω and τ as 0.15 [M], 3.0, 22.75% (v/v), 1.0 (v/v), 26°C, 145 rpm and 23 min respectively. A good agreement between the predicted and experimentally obtained values for distribution coefficient using the optimized conditions was exhibited. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Distribution%20coefficient" title="Distribution coefficient">Distribution coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tri-n-octylamine" title=" tri-n-octylamine"> tri-n-octylamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactic%20acid" title=" lactic acid"> lactic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29876/statistical-optimization-of-distribution-coefficient-for-reactive-extraction-of-lactic-acid-using-tri-n-octyl-amine-in-oleyl-alcohol-and-n-hexane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9666</span> Particle Concentration Distribution under Idling Conditions in a Residential Underground Garage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhao">Yu Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinsuke%20Kato"> Shinsuke Kato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianing%20Zhao"> Jianing Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Particles exhausted from cars have an adverse impacts on human health. The study developed a three-dimensional particle dispersion numerical model including particle coagulation to simulate the particle concentration distribution under idling conditions in a residential underground garage. The simulation results demonstrate that particle disperses much faster in the vertical direction than that in horizontal direction. The enhancement of particle dispersion in the vertical direction due to the increase of cars with engine running is much stronger than that in the car exhaust direction. Particle dispersion from each pair of adjacent cars has little influence on each other in the study. Average particle concentration after 120 seconds exhaust is 1.8-4.5 times higher than the initial total particles at ambient environment. Particle pollution in the residential underground garage is severe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title="dispersion">dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idling%20conditions" title=" idling conditions"> idling conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20concentration" title=" particle concentration"> particle concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20underground%20garage" title=" residential underground garage"> residential underground garage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13929/particle-concentration-distribution-under-idling-conditions-in-a-residential-underground-garage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9665</span> Stress Concentration around Countersunk Hole in Isotropic Plate under Transverse Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parveen%20K.%20Saini">Parveen K. Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarun%20Agarwal"> Tarun Agarwal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An investigation into the effect of countersunk depth, plate thickness, countersunk angle and plate width on the stress concentration around countersunk hole is carried out with the help of finite element analysis. The variation of stress concentration with respect to these parameters is studied for three types of loading viz. uniformly distributed load, uniformly varying load and functionally distributed load. The results of the finite element analysis are interpreted and some conclusions are drawn. The distribution of stress concentration around countersunk hole in isotropic plates simply supported at all the edges is found similar and is independent of loading. The maximum stress concentration also occurs at a particular point irrespective of the loading conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20concentration%20factor" title="stress concentration factor">stress concentration factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=countersunk%20hole" title=" countersunk hole"> countersunk hole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANSYS" title=" ANSYS"> ANSYS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15005/stress-concentration-around-countersunk-hole-in-isotropic-plate-under-transverse-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9664</span> Effects Induced by Dispersion-Promoting Cylinder on Fiber-Concentration Distributions in Pulp Suspension Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sumida">M. Sumida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Fujimoto"> T. Fujimoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fiber-concentration distributions in pulp liquid flows behind dispersion promoters were experimentally investigated to explore the feasibility of improving operational performance of hydraulic headboxes in papermaking machines. The proposed research was performed in the form of a basic test conducted on a screen-type model comprising a circular cylinder inserted within a channel. Tests were performed using pulp liquid possessing fiber concentrations ranging from 0.3-1.0 wt% under different flow velocities of 0.016-0.74 m/s. Fiber-concentration distributions were measured using the transmitted light attenuation method. Obtained test results were analyzed, and the influence of the flow velocities on wake characteristics behind the cylinder has been investigated with reference to findings of our preceding studies concerning pulp liquid flows in straight channels. Changes in fiber-concentration distribution along the flow direction were observed to be substantially large in the section from the cylinder to four times its diameter downstream of its centerline. Findings of this study provide useful information concerning the development of hydraulic headboxes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion%20promoter" title="dispersion promoter">dispersion promoter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber-concentration%20distribution" title=" fiber-concentration distribution"> fiber-concentration distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20headbox" title=" hydraulic headbox"> hydraulic headbox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulp%20liquid%20flow" title=" pulp liquid flow"> pulp liquid flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93888/effects-induced-by-dispersion-promoting-cylinder-on-fiber-concentration-distributions-in-pulp-suspension-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9663</span> Extraction of Strontium Ions through Ligand Assisted Ionic Liquids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pradeep%20Kumar">Pradeep Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Kumar%20Chandra"> Abhishek Kumar Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashok%20Khanna"> Ashok Khanna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extraction of Strontium by crown ether (DCH18C6) hasbeen investigated in [BMIM][TF2N] Ionic Liquid (IL) giving higher extraction ~98% and distribution ratio as compared to other organic solvents (Dodecane, Hexane, & Isodecyl alcohol + Dodecane). Distribution ratio of Sr in IL at 0.15M DCH18C6 indicates an enhancement of 20000, 2000, 500 times over Dodecane, Hexane and 5% Isodecyl Alcohol + 95 % Dodecane at 0.01M aqueous acidity respectively. In presence of IL, Sr extraction decreases with increase in HNO3 concentration in aqueous phase whereas opposite trend was observed with organic solvents.Extraction of Sr initially increases with increase in DCH18C6 concentration in IL, finally reaching an asymptotic constant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20ratio" title="distribution ratio">distribution ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ligand" title=" ligand"> ligand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solvent" title=" organic solvent"> organic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stripping" title=" stripping"> stripping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76098/extraction-of-strontium-ions-through-ligand-assisted-ionic-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9662</span> Spatial and Temporal Evaluations of Disinfection By-Products Formation in Coastal City Distribution Systems of Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vedat%20Uyak">Vedat Uyak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seasonal variations of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) concentrations were investigated within three distribution systems of a coastal city of Istanbul, Turkey. Moreover, total trihalomethanes and other organics concentration were also analyzed. The investigation was based on an intensive 16 month (2009-2010) sampling program, undertaken during the spring, summer, fall and winter seasons. Four THM (chloroform, dichlorobromomethane, chlorodibromomethane, bromoform), and nine HAA (the most commonly occurring one being dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA); other compounds are monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), monobromoacetic acid (MBAA), dibromoacetic acid (DBAA), tribromoacetic acid (TBAA), bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA), bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA) and chlorodibromoacetic acid (CDBAA)) species and other water quality and operational parameters were monitored at points along the distribution system between the treatment plant and the system’s extremity. The effects of coastal water sources, seasonal variation and spatial variation were examined. The results showed that THMs and HAAs concentrations vary significantly between treated waters and water at the distribution networks. When water temperature exceeds 26°C in summer, the THMs and HAAs levels are 0.8 – 1.1, and 0.4 – 0.9 times higher than treated water, respectively. While when water temperature is below 12°C in the winter, the measured THMs and HAAs concentrations at the system’s extremity were very rarely higher than 100 μg/L, and 60 μg/L, respectively. The highest THM concentrations occurred in the Buyukcekmece distribution system, with an average total HAA concentration of 92 μg/L. Moreover, the lowest THM levels were observed in the Omerli distribution network, with a mean concentration of 7 μg/L. For HAA levels, the maximum concentrations again were observed in the Buyukcekmece distribution system, with an average total HAA concentration of 57 μg/l. High spatial and seasonal variation of disinfection by-products in the drinking water of Istanbul was attributed of illegal wastewater discharges to water supplies of Istanbul city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disinfection%20byproducts" title="disinfection byproducts">disinfection byproducts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water" title=" drinking water"> drinking water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trihalomethanes" title=" trihalomethanes"> trihalomethanes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haloacetic%20acids" title=" haloacetic acids"> haloacetic acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seasonal%20variation" title=" seasonal variation"> seasonal variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82299/spatial-and-temporal-evaluations-of-disinfection-by-products-formation-in-coastal-city-distribution-systems-of-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9661</span> Spatial Distribution of Local Sheep Breeds in Antalya Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serife%20Gulden%20Yilmaz">Serife Gulden Yilmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleyman%20Karaman"> Suleyman Karaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sheep breeding is important in terms of meeting both the demand of red meat consumption and the availability of industrial raw materials and the employment of the rural sector in Turkey. It is also very important to ensure the selection and continuity of the breeds that are raised in order to increase quality and productive products related to sheep breeding. The protection of local breeds and crossbreds also enables the development of the sector in the region and the reduction of imports. In this study, the data were obtained from the records of the Turkish Statistical Institute and Antalya Sheep & Goat Breeders' Association. Spatial distribution of sheep breeds in Antalya is reviewed statistically in terms of concentration at the local level for 2015 period spatially. For this reason; mapping, box plot, linear regression are used in this study. Concentration is introduced by means of studbook data on sheep breeding as locals and total sheep farm by mapping. It is observed that Pırlak breed (17.5%) and Merinos crossbreed (16.3%) have the highest concentration in the region. These breeds are respectively followed by Akkaraman breed (11%), Pirlak crossbreed (8%), Merinos breed (7.9%) Akkaraman crossbreed (7.9%) and Ivesi breed (7.2%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheep%20breeds" title="sheep breeds">sheep breeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local" title=" local"> local</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20distribution" title=" spatial distribution"> spatial distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agglomeration" title=" agglomeration"> agglomeration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antalya" title=" Antalya"> Antalya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71628/spatial-distribution-of-local-sheep-breeds-in-antalya-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71628.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9660</span> Electrical Tortuosity across Electrokinetically Remediated Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waddah%20S.%20Abdullah">Waddah S. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20F.%20Al-Omari"> Khaled F. Al-Omari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electrokinetic remediation is one of the most influential and effective methods to decontaminate contaminated soils. Electroosmosis and electromigration are the processes of electrochemical extraction of contaminants from soils. The driving force that causes removing contaminants from soils (electroosmosis process or electromigration process) is voltage gradient. Therefore, the electric field distribution throughout the soil domain is extremely important to investigate and to determine the factors that help to establish a uniform electric field distribution in order to make the clean-up process work properly and efficiently. In this study, small-sized passive electrodes (made of graphite) were placed at predetermined locations within the soil specimen, and the voltage drop between these passive electrodes was measured in order to observe the electrical distribution throughout the tested soil specimens. The electrokinetic test was conducted on two types of soils; a sandy soil and a clayey soil. The electrical distribution throughout the soil domain was conducted with different tests properties; and the electrical field distribution was observed in three-dimensional pattern in order to establish the electrical distribution within the soil domain. The effects of density, applied voltages, and degree of saturation on the electrical distribution within the remediated soil were investigated. The distribution of the moisture content, concentration of the sodium ions, and the concentration of the calcium ions were determined and established in three-dimensional scheme. The study has shown that the electrical conductivity within soil domain depends on the moisture content and concentration of electrolytes present in the pore fluid. The distribution of the electrical field in the saturated soil was found not be affected by its density. The study has also shown that high voltage gradient leads to non-uniform electric field distribution within the electroremediated soil. Very importantly, it was found that even when the electric field distribution is uniform globally (i.e. between the passive electrodes), local non-uniformity could be established within the remediated soil mass. Cracks or air gaps formed due to temperature rise (because of electric flow in low conductivity regions) promotes electrical tortuosity. Thus, fracturing or cracking formed in the remediated soil mass causes disconnection of electric current and hence, no removal of contaminant occur within these areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminant%20removal" title="contaminant removal">contaminant removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20tortuousity" title=" electrical tortuousity"> electrical tortuousity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromigration" title=" electromigration"> electromigration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroosmosis" title=" electroosmosis"> electroosmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20distribution" title=" voltage distribution"> voltage distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76163/electrical-tortuosity-across-electrokinetically-remediated-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9659</span> Predicting Mixing Patterns of Overflows from a Square Manhole</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Modupe%20O.%20Jimoh">Modupe O. Jimoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During manhole overflows, its contents pollute the immediate environment. Understanding the pollutant transfer characteristics between manhole’s incoming sewer and the overflow is therefore of great importance. A square manhole with sides 388 mm by 388 mm and height 700 mm with an overflow facility was used in the laboratory to carry out overflow concentration measurements. Two scenarios were investigated using three flow rates. The first scenario corresponded to when the exit of the pipe becomes blocked and the only exit for the flow is the manhole. The second scenario is when there is an overflow in combination with a pipe exit. The temporal concentration measurements showed that the peak concentration of pollutants in the flow was attenuated between the inlet and the overflow. A deconvolution software was used to predict the Residence time distribution (RTD) and consequently the Cumulative Residence time distribution (CRTD). The CRTDs suggest that complete mixing is occurring between the pipe inlet and the overflow, like what is obtained in a low surcharged manhole. The results also suggest that an instantaneous stirred tank reactor model can describe the mixing characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CRTDs" title="CRTDs">CRTDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instantaneous%20stirred%20tank%20reactor%20model" title=" instantaneous stirred tank reactor model"> instantaneous stirred tank reactor model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overflow" title=" overflow"> overflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20manholes" title=" square manholes"> square manholes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surcharge" title=" surcharge"> surcharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20concentration%20profiles" title=" temporal concentration profiles"> temporal concentration profiles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97743/predicting-mixing-patterns-of-overflows-from-a-square-manhole" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9658</span> Research on Air pollution Spatiotemporal Forecast Model Based on LSTM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JingWei%20Yu">JingWei Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Yang%20Yu"> Hong Yang Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, the increasingly serious air pollution in various cities of China has made people pay more attention to the air quality index(hereinafter referred to as AQI) of their living areas. To face this situation, it is of great significance to predict air pollution in heavily polluted areas. In this paper, based on the time series model of LSTM, a spatiotemporal prediction model of PM2.5 concentration in Mianyang, Sichuan Province, is established. The model fully considers the temporal variability and spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5 concentration. The spatial correlation of air quality at different locations is based on the Air quality status of other nearby monitoring stations, including AQI and meteorological data to predict the air quality of a monitoring station. The experimental results show that the method has good prediction accuracy that the fitting degree with the actual measured data reaches more than 0.7, which can be applied to the modeling and prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of regional PM2.5 concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSTM" title="LSTM">LSTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM2.5" title=" PM2.5"> PM2.5</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatio-temporal%20prediction" title=" spatio-temporal prediction"> spatio-temporal prediction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147644/research-on-air-pollution-spatiotemporal-forecast-model-based-on-lstm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9657</span> A Proposed Mechanism for Skewing Symmetric Distributions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20T.%20Alodat">M. T. Alodat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a mechanism for skewing any symmetric distribution. The new distribution is called the deflation-inflation distribution (DID). We discuss some statistical properties of the DID such moments, stochastic representation, log-concavity. Also we fit the distribution to real data and we compare it to normal distribution and Azzlaini's skew normal distribution. Numerical results show that the DID fits the the tree ring data better than the other two distributions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20distribution" title="normal distribution">normal distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moments" title=" moments"> moments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fisher%20information" title=" Fisher information"> Fisher information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric%20distributions" title=" symmetric distributions"> symmetric distributions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28593/a-proposed-mechanism-for-skewing-symmetric-distributions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">658</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9656</span> Effect of Sodium Chloride Concentration and Degree of Neutralization on the Structure and Dynamics of Poly(Methacrylic Acid) (PMA) in Dilute Aqueous Solutions – a Molecular Dynamics Simulations Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Kumar%20Gupta">Abhishek Kumar Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Atomistic Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations have been performed to study the effect of monovalent salt i.e. NaCl concentration (Cs) and chain degree of neutralization (f) on the structure and dynamics of anionic poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) in dilute aqueous solutions. In the present study, the attention is to unveil the conformational structure, hydrogen-bonding, local polyion-counterion structure, h-bond dynamics, chain dynamics and thermodynamic enthalpy of solvation of a-PMA in dilute aqueous solutions as a function of salt concentration, Cs and f. The results have revealed that at low salt concentration, the conformational radius of gyration (Rg) increases and then decreases reaching a maximum in agreement with the reported light scattering experimental results. The Rg at f = 1 shows a continual decrease and acquire a plateau value at higher salt concentration in agreement with results obtained by light scattering experiments. The radial distribution functions between PMA, salt and water atoms has been computed with respect to atom and centre-of-mass to understand the intermolecular structure in detail. The results pertaining to PMA chain conformations and hydrogen bond autocorrelation function showcasing the h-bond dynamics will be presented. The results pertaining to chain dynamics will be presented. The results pertaining to counterion condensation on the PMA chain shows greater condensation of Na+ ions on to the carboxylate ions with increase in salt concentration. Moreover, the solvation enthalpy of the system as a function of salt concentration will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conformations" title="conformations">conformations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics%20simulations" title=" molecular dynamics simulations"> molecular dynamics simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl%20concentration" title=" NaCl concentration"> NaCl concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20distribution%20functions" title=" radial distribution functions"> radial distribution functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128424/effect-of-sodium-chloride-concentration-and-degree-of-neutralization-on-the-structure-and-dynamics-of-polymethacrylic-acid-pma-in-dilute-aqueous-solutions-a-molecular-dynamics-simulations-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9655</span> Nanoparticle Emission Characteristics during Methane Pyrolysis in a Laminar Premixed Flame</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Afroughi">Mohammad Javad Afroughi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farjad%20Falahati"> Farjad Falahati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larry%20W.%20Kostiuk"> Larry W. Kostiuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jason%20S.%20Olfert"> Jason S. Olfert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the physical characteristics of nanoparticles generated during pyrolysis of methane in hot products of a premixed propane-air flame. An inverted burner is designed to provide a laminar premixed propane-air flame (35 SLPM) then introduce methane co-flow to be pyrolyzed within a closed cylindrical chamber (20 cm in diameter and 68 cm in length). The formed products are discharged through an exhaust with a sampling branch to measure emission characteristics. Carbon particles are sampled with a preheated nitrogen dilution system, and the size distribution of particles formed by pyrolysis is measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). Dilution ratio is calculated using simultaneously measured CO2 concentrations in the exhaust products and diluted samples. Results show that particle size distribution (PSD) is strongly affected by dilution ratio and preheating temperature. PSD becomes unstable at high dilution ratios (typically above 700 times) and/or low preheating temperatures (below 40° C). At a suitable dilution ratio of 55 and preheating temperature up to 70° C, the median diameter of PSD increases from 20 to 220 nm following the introduction of 0.5 SLPM of methane to the propane-air premixed flame. Furthermore, with pyrolysis of methane, total particle number concentration and estimated total mass concentration of particles in the size range of 14 to 700 nm, increase from 1.12 to 3.90 *107 cm-3 and from 0.11 to 154 µg L-1, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20premixed%20flame" title="laminar premixed flame">laminar premixed flame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20pyrolysis" title=" methane pyrolysis"> methane pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle%20physical%20characteristics" title=" nanoparticle physical characteristics"> nanoparticle physical characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20mass%20concentration" title=" particle mass concentration"> particle mass concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20number%20concentration" title=" particle number concentration"> particle number concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size%20distribution%20%28PSD%29" title=" particle size distribution (PSD)"> particle size distribution (PSD)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77141/nanoparticle-emission-characteristics-during-methane-pyrolysis-in-a-laminar-premixed-flame" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9654</span> Two Dimensional Finite Element Model to Study Calcium Dynamics in Fibroblast Cell with Excess Buffer Approximation Involving ER Flux and SERCA Pump</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansha%20Kotwani">Mansha Kotwani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The specific spatio-temporal calcium concentration patterns are required by the fibroblasts to maintain its structure and functions. Thus, calcium concentration is regulated in cell at different levels in various activities of the cell. The variations in cytosolic calcium concentration largely depend on the buffers present in cytosol and influx of calcium into cytosol from ER through IP3Rs or Raynodine receptors followed by reuptake of calcium into ER through sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum ATPs (SERCA) pump. In order to understand the mechanisms of wound repair, tissue remodeling and growth performed by fibroblasts, it is of crucial importance to understand the mechanisms of calcium concentration regulation in fibroblasts. In this paper, a model has been developed to study calcium distribution in NRK fibroblast in the presence of buffers and ER flux with SERCA pump. The model has been developed for two dimensional unsteady state case. Appropriate initial and boundary conditions have been framed along with physiology of the cell. Finite element technique has been employed to obtain the solution. The numerical results have been used to study the effect of buffers, ER flux and source amplitude on calcium distribution in fibroblast cell. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffers" title="buffers">buffers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IP3R" title=" IP3R"> IP3R</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ER%20flux" title=" ER flux"> ER flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SERCA%20pump" title=" SERCA pump"> SERCA pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20amplitude" title=" source amplitude"> source amplitude</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19236/two-dimensional-finite-element-model-to-study-calcium-dynamics-in-fibroblast-cell-with-excess-buffer-approximation-involving-er-flux-and-serca-pump" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9653</span> Distribution and Segregation of Aerosols in Ambient Air </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ramteke">S. Ramteke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Patel"> K. S. Patel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerosols are complex mixture of particulate matters (PM) inclusive of carbons, silica, elements, various salts, etc. Aerosols get deep into the human lungs and cause a broad range of health effects, in particular, respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses. They are one of the major culprits for the climate change. They are emitted by the high thermal processes i.e. vehicles, steel, sponge, cement, thermal power plants, etc. Raipur (22˚33'N to 21˚14'N and 82˚6'E) to 81˚38'E) is a growing industrial city in central India with population of two million. In this work, the distribution of inorganics (i.e. Cl⁻, NO³⁻, SO₄²⁻, NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) associated to the PM in the ambient air is described. The PM₁₀ in ambient air of Raipur city was collected for duration of one year (December 2014 - December 2015). The PM₁₀ was segregated into nine modes i.e. PM₁₀.₀₋₉.₀, PM₉.₀₋₅.₈, PM₅.₈₋₄.₇, PM₄.₇₋₃.₃, PM₃.₃₋₂.₁, PM₂.₁₋₁.₁, PM₁.₁₋₀.₇, PM₀.₇₋₀.₄ and PM₀.₄ to know their emission sources and health hazards. The analysis of ions and metals was carried out by techniques i.e. ion chromatography and TXRF. The PM₁₀ concentration (n=48) was ranged from 100-450 µg/m³ with mean value of 73.57±20.82 µg/m³. The highest concentration of PM₄.₇₋₃.₃, PM₂.₁₋₁.₁, PM₁.₁₋₀.₇ was observed in the commercial, residential and industrial area, respectively. The effect of meteorology i.e. temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction in the PM₁₀ and associated elemental concentration in the air is discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ambient%20aerosol" title="ambient aerosol">ambient aerosol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ions" title=" ions"> ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals" title=" metals"> metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segregation" title=" segregation"> segregation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75865/distribution-and-segregation-of-aerosols-in-ambient-air" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9652</span> A Study of the Alumina Distribution in the Lab-Scale Cell during Aluminum Electrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Tkacheva">Olga Tkacheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Arkhipov"> Pavel Arkhipov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexey%20Rudenko"> Alexey Rudenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yurii%20Zaikov"> Yurii Zaikov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aluminum electrolysis process in the conventional cryolite-alumina electrolyte with cryolite ratio of 2.7 was carried out at an initial temperature of 970 °C and the anode current density of 0.5 A/cm<sup>2</sup> in a 15A lab-scale cell in order to study the formation of the side ledge during electrolysis and the alumina distribution between electrolyte and side ledge. The alumina contained 35.97% α-phase and 64.03% γ-phase with the particles size in the range of 10-120 μm. The cryolite ratio and the alumina concentration were determined in molten electrolyte during electrolysis and in frozen bath after electrolysis. The side ledge in the electrolysis cell was formed only by the 13<sup>th</sup> hour of electrolysis. With a slight temperature decrease a significant increase in the side ledge thickness was observed. The basic components of the side ledge obtained by the XRD phase analysis were Na<sub>3</sub>AlF<sub>6</sub>, Na<sub>5</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>F<sub>14</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and NaF<sup>.</sup>5CaF<sub>2</sub><sup>.</sup>AlF<sub>3</sub>. As in the industrial cell, the increased alumina concentration in the side ledge formed on the cell walls and at the ledge-electrolyte-aluminum three-phase boundary during aluminum electrolysis in the lab cell was found (FTP No 05.604.21.0239, IN RFMEFI60419X0239). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alumina%20distribution" title="alumina distribution">alumina distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20electrolyzer" title=" aluminum electrolyzer"> aluminum electrolyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryolie-alumina%20electrolyte" title=" cryolie-alumina electrolyte"> cryolie-alumina electrolyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20ledge" title=" side ledge"> side ledge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118301/a-study-of-the-alumina-distribution-in-the-lab-scale-cell-during-aluminum-electrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9651</span> Zinc Contaminate on Urban Roadside in Rush Hour, Bangkok, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sivapan%20Choo-In">Sivapan Choo-In</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to study the Zinc (Zn) concentration in fine particulate matter on Rajchawithee roadside in rush hour. 30 Samples were collected in Jun to August 2013 by 8 stage non-avaible cascade impactor. Each samples (filter paper) were digest with nitric acid and analyed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer for Zinc determination. The highest value for the mean fraction (18.00 ± 9.28 %) is the size 9.0 – 110.0 micron follow by the range 3.3 – 4.7 micron (14.77 ± 14.66 %) and 1.1 – 2.1 micron (14.01 ± 11.77 %) .The concentration of Zn in the particulate matter of range 0.43 – 0.7 μm, 0.7 – 1.1 μm, 1.1 – 2.1 μm, 2.1 – 3.3 μm, 3.3 – 4.7 μm, 4.7 – 5.8 μm, 5.8 – 9.0 μm, 9.0 – 10.0 μm, were 41.56 – 217.62 μg/m3 (175.86 ± 32.25 μg/m3), 152.60 – 217.24 μg/m3 (187.71 ± 17.42 μg/m3), 142.90 – 214.67 μg/m3 (180.95 ± 18.71 μg/m3), 155.48 – 218.19 μg/m3 (183.22 ± 19.94 μg/m3), 151.72 – 217.39 μg/m3 (181.85 ± 17.57 μg/m3), 133.86 – 220.17 μg/m3 (178.78 ± 23.45 μg/m3), 160.00 – 220.35 μg/m3 (182.58 ± 18.08 μg/m3), 153.30 – 226.70 μg/m3 (181.52 ± 20.05 μg/m3), repectively. The Zn concentration in each size of particulate matter was not statistically significant different (p > .005) <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20matter" title=" particulate matter"> particulate matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size%20distribution" title=" size distribution"> size distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc" title=" zinc"> zinc</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8099/zinc-contaminate-on-urban-roadside-in-rush-hour-bangkok-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9650</span> Analysis of Factors Influencing the Response Time of an Aspirating Gaseous Agent Concentration Detection Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Guan">Yu Guan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Song%20Lu"> Song Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Yuan"> Wei Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heping%20Zhang"> Heping Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas fire extinguishing system is widely used due to its cleanliness and efficiency, and since its spray will be affected by many factors such as convection and obstacles in jetting region, so in order to evaluate its effectiveness, detecting concentration distribution in the jetting area is indispensable, which is commonly achieved by aspirating concentration detection technique. During the concentration measurement, the response time of detector is a very important parameter, especially for those fire-extinguishing systems with rapid gas dispersion. Long response time will not only underestimate its concentration but also prolong the change of concentration with time. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the factors influencing the response time. In the paper, an aspirating concentration detection method was introduced, which is achieved by using a small critical nozzle and a laminar flowmeter, and because of the response time is mainly related to the gas transport process from sampling site to the sensor, the effects of exhaust pipe size, gas flow rate, and gas concentration on its response time were analyzed. During the research, Bromotrifluoromethane (CBrF₃) was used. The effect of the sampling tube was investigated with different length of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m (5mm in pipe diameter) and different pipe diameter of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 mm (3m in length). The effect of gas flow rate was analyzed by changing the throat diameter of the critical nozzle with 0.5, 0.682, 0.75, 0.8, 0.84 and 0.88 mm. The effect of gas concentration on response time was studied with the concentration range of 0-25%. The result showed that the response time increased with the increase of both the length and diameter of the sampling pipe, and the effect of length on response time was linear, but for the effect of diameter, it was exponential. It was also found that as the throat diameter of critical nozzle increased, the response time reduced a lot, in other words, gas flow rate has a great influence on response time. For the effect of gas concentration, the response time increased with the increase of the CBrF₃ concentration, and the slope of the curve was reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspirating%20concentration%20detection" title="aspirating concentration detection">aspirating concentration detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20extinguishing" title=" fire extinguishing"> fire extinguishing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gaseous%20agent" title=" gaseous agent"> gaseous agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20time" title=" response time"> response time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74810/analysis-of-factors-influencing-the-response-time-of-an-aspirating-gaseous-agent-concentration-detection-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74810.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9649</span> Stress Variation of Underground Building Structure during Top-Down Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo-yeon%20Seo">Soo-yeon Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seol-ki%20Kim"> Seol-ki Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-jin%20Jung"> Su-jin Jung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the construction of a building, it is necessary to minimize construction period and secure enough work space for stacking of materials during the construction especially in city area. In this manner, various top-down construction methods have been developed and widely used in Korea. This paper investigates the stress variation of underground structure of a building constructed by using SPS (Strut as Permanent System) known as a top-down method in Korea through an analytical approach. Various types of earth pressure distribution related to ground condition were considered in the structural analysis of an example structure at each step of the excavation. From the analysis, the most high member force acting on beams was found when the ground type was medium sandy soil and a stress concentration was found in corner area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20of%20building" title="construction of building">construction of building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=top-down%20construction%20method" title=" top-down construction method"> top-down construction method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earth%20pressure%20distribution" title=" earth pressure distribution"> earth pressure distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=member%20force" title=" member force"> member force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20concentration" title=" stress concentration"> stress concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63230/stress-variation-of-underground-building-structure-during-top-down-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9648</span> Kinetics of Growth Rate of Microalga: The Effect of Carbon Dioxide Concentration </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Retno%20Ambarwati%20Sigit%20Lestari">Retno Ambarwati Sigit Lestari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalga is one of the organisms that can be considered ideal and potential for raw material of bioenergy production, because the content of lipids in microalga is relatively high. Microalga is an aquatic organism that produces complex organic compounds from inorganic molecules using carbon dioxide as a carbon source, and sunlight for energy supply. Microalga-CO₂ fixation has potential advantages over other carbon captures and storage approaches, such as wide distribution, high photosynthetic rate, good environmental adaptability, and ease of operation. The rates of growth and CO₂ capture of microalga are influenced by CO₂ concentration and light intensity. This study quantitatively investigates the effects of CO₂ concentration on the rates of growth and CO₂ capture of a type of microalga, cultivated in bioreactors. The works include laboratory experiments as well as mathematical modelling. The mathematical models were solved numerically and the accuracy of the model was tested by the experimental data. It turned out that the mathematical model proposed can well quantitatively describe the growth and CO₂ capture of microalga, in which the effects of CO₂ concentration can be observed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Microalga" title="Microalga">Microalga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20concentration" title=" CO2 concentration"> CO2 concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photobioreactor" title=" photobioreactor"> photobioreactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model "> mathematical model </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106192/kinetics-of-growth-rate-of-microalga-the-effect-of-carbon-dioxide-concentration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9647</span> A Flexible Pareto Distribution Using α-Power Transformation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shumaila%20Ehtisham">Shumaila Ehtisham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Statistical Distribution Theory, considering an additional parameter to classical distributions is a usual practice. In this study, a new distribution referred to as α-Power Pareto distribution is introduced by including an extra parameter. Several properties of the proposed distribution including explicit expressions for the moment generating function, mode, quantiles, entropies and order statistics are obtained. Unknown parameters have been estimated by using maximum likelihood estimation technique. Two real datasets have been considered to examine the usefulness of the proposed distribution. It has been observed that α-Power Pareto distribution outperforms while compared to different variants of Pareto distribution on the basis of model selection criteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-power%20transformation" title="α-power transformation">α-power transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood%20estimation" title=" maximum likelihood estimation"> maximum likelihood estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moment%20generating%20function" title=" moment generating function"> moment generating function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pareto%20distribution" title=" Pareto distribution"> Pareto distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89859/a-flexible-pareto-distribution-using-a-power-transformation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9646</span> An Extension of the Generalized Extreme Value Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serge%20Provost">Serge Provost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdous%20Saboor"> Abdous Saboor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A q-analogue of the generalized extreme value distribution which includes the Gumbel distribution is introduced. The additional parameter q allows for increased modeling flexibility. The resulting distribution can have a finite, semi-infinite or infinite support. It can also produce several types of hazard rate functions. The model parameters are determined by making use of the method of maximum likelihood. It will be shown that it compares favourably to three related distributions in connection with the modeling of a certain hydrological data set. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20value%20theory" title="extreme value theory">extreme value theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20extreme%20value%20distribution" title=" generalized extreme value distribution"> generalized extreme value distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goodness-of-fit%20statistics" title=" goodness-of-fit statistics"> goodness-of-fit statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gumbel%20distribution" title=" Gumbel distribution"> Gumbel distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72656/an-extension-of-the-generalized-extreme-value-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9645</span> Mathematical Models for Drug Diffusion Through the Compartments of Blood and Tissue Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Khanday">M. A. Khanday</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aasma%20Rafiq"> Aasma Rafiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Nazir"> Khalid Nazir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is an attempt to establish the mathematical models to understand the distribution of drug administration in the human body through oral and intravenous routes. Three models were formulated based on diffusion process using Fick’s principle and the law of mass action. The rate constants governing the law of mass action were used on the basis of the drug efficacy at different interfaces. The Laplace transform and eigenvalue methods were used to obtain the solution of the ordinary differential equations concerning the rate of change of concentration in different compartments viz. blood and tissue medium. The drug concentration in the different compartments has been computed using numerical parameters. The results illustrate the variation of drug concentration with respect to time using MATLAB software. It has been observed from the results that the drug concentration decreases in the first compartment and gradually increases in other subsequent compartments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplace%20transform" title="Laplace transform">Laplace transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvalue%20method" title=" eigenvalue method"> eigenvalue method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43080/mathematical-models-for-drug-diffusion-through-the-compartments-of-blood-and-tissue-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9644</span> Loss Analysis by Loading Conditions of Distribution Transformers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bozkurt">A. Bozkurt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Kocatepe"> C. Kocatepe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Yumurtaci"> R. Yumurtaci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0.%20C.%20Tastan"> İ. C. Tastan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Tulun"> G. Tulun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Efficient use of energy, with the increase in demand of energy and also with the reduction of natural energy sources, has improved its importance in recent years. Most of the losses in the system from electricity produced until the point of consumption is mostly composed by the energy distribution system. In this study, analysis of the resulting loss in power distribution transformer and distribution power cable is realized which are most of the losses in the distribution system. Transformer losses in the real distribution system were analyzed by CYME Power Engineering Software program. These losses are disclosed for different voltage levels and different loading conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20system" title="distribution system">distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20transformer" title=" distribution transformer"> distribution transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20cable" title=" power cable"> power cable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20losses" title=" technical losses"> technical losses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32321/loss-analysis-by-loading-conditions-of-distribution-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">652</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9643</span> Hydro-Geochemistry of Qare-Sou Catchment and Gorgan Gulf, Iran: Examining Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Major Ions and Determining the River’s Hydro-Chemical Type</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milad%20Kurdi">Milad Kurdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Farhadian"> Hadi Farhadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teymour%20Eslamkish"> Teymour Eslamkish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the hydro-geochemistry of Qare-Sou catchment and Gorgan Gulf in order to determine the spatial distribution of major ions. In this regard, six hydrometer stations in the catchment and four stations in Gorgan Gulf were chosen and the samples were collected. Results of spatial and temporal distribution of major ions have shown similar variation trends for calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions. Also, the spatial trend of chloride, sulfate, sodium and potassium ions were same as Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS). In Nahar Khoran station, the concentrations of ions were more than other stations which may be related to human activities and the role of geology. The Siah Ab station’s ions showed high concentration which is may be related to the station’s close proximity to Gorgan Gulf and the return of water to Qare-Sou River. In order to determine the interaction of water and rock, the Gibbs diagram was used and the results showed that water of the river falls in the rock range and it is affected more by weathering and reaction between water and stone and less by evaporation and crystallization. Assessment of the quality of river water by using graphic methods indicated that the type of water in this area is Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub>-Mg. Major ions concentration in Qare-Sou in the universal average was more than but not more than the allowed limit by the World Health Organization and China Standard Organization. A comparison of ions concentration in Gorgan Gulf, seas and oceans showed that the pH in Gorgan Gulf was more than the other seas but in Gorgan Gulf the concentration of anion and cation was less than other seas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydro-geochemistry" title="hydro-geochemistry">hydro-geochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qare-Sou%20river" title=" Qare-Sou river"> Qare-Sou river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gorgan%20gulf" title=" Gorgan gulf"> Gorgan gulf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20ions" title=" major ions"> major ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gibbs%20diagram" title=" Gibbs diagram"> Gibbs diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphical%20methods" title=" graphical methods"> graphical methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58990/hydro-geochemistry-of-qare-sou-catchment-and-gorgan-gulf-iran-examining-spatial-and-temporal-distribution-of-major-ions-and-determining-the-rivers-hydro-chemical-type" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58990.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9642</span> Exponentiated Transmuted Weibull Distribution: A Generalization of the Weibull Probability Distribution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20El%20Hady%20N.%20Ebraheim">Abd El Hady N. Ebraheim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a new generalization of the two parameter Weibull distribution. To this end, the quadratic rank transmutation map has been used. This new distribution is named exponentiated transmuted Weibull (ETW) distribution. The ETW distribution has the advantage of being capable of modeling various shapes of aging and failure criteria. Furthermore, eleven lifetime distributions such as the Weibull, exponentiated Weibull, Rayleigh and exponential distributions, among others follow as special cases. The properties of the new model are discussed and the maximum likelihood estimation is used to estimate the parameters. Explicit expressions are derived for the quantiles. The moments of the distribution are derived, and the order statistics are examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponentiated" title="exponentiated">exponentiated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inversion%20method" title=" inversion method"> inversion method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood%20estimation" title=" maximum likelihood estimation"> maximum likelihood estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmutation%20map" title=" transmutation map"> transmutation map</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3470/exponentiated-transmuted-weibull-distribution-a-generalization-of-the-weibull-probability-distribution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9641</span> The Beta-Fisher Snedecor Distribution with Applications to Cancer Remission Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Adepoju">K. A. Adepoju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20I.%20Shittu"> O. I. Shittu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20U.%20Chukwu"> A. U. Chukwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new four-parameter generalized version of the Fisher Snedecor distribution called Beta- F distribution is introduced. The comprehensive account of the statistical properties of the new distributions was considered. Formal expressions for the cumulative density function, moments, moment generating function and maximum likelihood estimation, as well as its Fisher information, were obtained. The flexibility of this distribution as well as its robustness using cancer remission time data was demonstrated. The new distribution can be used in most applications where the assumption underlying the use of other lifetime distributions is violated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fisher-snedecor%20distribution" title="fisher-snedecor distribution">fisher-snedecor distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta-f%20distribution" title=" beta-f distribution"> beta-f distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outlier" title=" outlier"> outlier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20likelihood%20method" title=" maximum likelihood method"> maximum likelihood method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46554/the-beta-fisher-snedecor-distribution-with-applications-to-cancer-remission-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9640</span> Input Data Balancing in a Neural Network PM-10 Forecasting System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suk-Hyun%20Yu">Suk-Hyun Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heeyong%20Kwon"> Heeyong Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently PM-10 has become a social and global issue. It is one of major air pollutants which affect human health. Therefore, it needs to be forecasted rapidly and precisely. However, PM-10 comes from various emission sources, and its level of concentration is largely dependent on meteorological and geographical factors of local and global region, so the forecasting of PM-10 concentration is very difficult. Neural network model can be used in the case. But, there are few cases of high concentration PM-10. It makes the learning of the neural network model difficult. In this paper, we suggest a simple input balancing method when the data distribution is uneven. It is based on the probability of appearance of the data. Experimental results show that the input balancing makes the neural networks’ learning easy and improves the forecasting rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title="artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20quality%20prediction" title=" air quality prediction"> air quality prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20networks" title=" neural networks"> neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PM-10" title=" PM-10"> PM-10</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81957/input-data-balancing-in-a-neural-network-pm-10-forecasting-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration%20distribution&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration%20distribution&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentration%20distribution&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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