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border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa">  </td></tr> <tr> <td height="40px" colspan="20" style="background:#C4D2DF; padding: 2px 2px 2px 2px; border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa"> <table align="right" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="plainlinks plainlinksneverexpand" style="position:relative; width:17px; height:17px; overflow:hidden; text-decoration:none;"><div style="position:absolute; font-size:17px; overflow:hidden; line-height:17px; letter-spacing:17px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Liberia&printable=yes"><span title="https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Liberia&printable=yes" style="text-decoration:none;">   </span></a></div><a href="/wiki/File:Print_button.png" class="image" title="https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Liberia&printable=yes"><img alt="https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Liberia&printable=yes" src="/wiki/images/thumb/0/07/Print_button.png/17px-Print_button.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" srcset="/wiki/images/thumb/0/07/Print_button.png/26px-Print_button.png 1.5x, /wiki/images/thumb/0/07/Print_button.png/34px-Print_button.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" /></a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><font size="2"><i>This editable Main Article is <b>under development</b> and subject to a <a href="/wiki/CZ:Disclaimer" title="CZ:Disclaimer"><b>disclaimer</b></a><b>. </b></i><b></b></font><div style="float:right; margin: .1em .5em;"><b>[<span class="plainlinks plainlinksneverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Liberia&action=edit&section=0"><font size="2">edit intro</font></a></span>]</b></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Liberia</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> located on the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. The country is bounded by <a href="/wiki/Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> in the north, <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> in the east and <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> in the north-west, with access to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. Earliest recorded history of the region dates back to the twelfth century with the migration of tribal groups from the north, during the decline of the Mali and later Songhai Empires. The area was explored by the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch">Dutch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British</a> from the fifteenth century onwards and because of the abundance of melegueta pepper, it became known as the Pepper Coast by traders. In 1822, the American Colonization Society founded a colony for freed slaves near present-day Monrovia, and other philanthropic societies assisted in the passage of freed slaves to colonies designated Mississippi-in-Africa and the Republic of Maryland. These colonies would be annexed as part of a united Liberia which declared independence in 1847, with Joseph Jenkins Roberts as first president. The history of Liberia would be influenced by the uneasy political relationship between the descendants of the colonists (Americo-Liberians) and ethnic groups such as the Krahn and Mandinka peoples. In 1980, President William R. Tolbert was assassinated in a coup led by Samuel Doe, and in successive years the country has experienced numerous coup attempts and two civil wars. The capital and major port is Monrovia. Estimated population of Liberia in 2011 was 4,128,572. </p>  </div> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Liberia&oldid=978802">https://citizendium.org/wiki/index.php?title=Liberia&oldid=978802</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CZ_Live" title="Category:CZ Live">CZ Live</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_Workgroup" title="Category:Geography Workgroup">Geography Workgroup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa_Subgroup" title="Category:Africa Subgroup">Africa Subgroup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_written_in_British_English" title="Category:Articles written in British English">Articles written in British English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Content" title="Category:All Content">All Content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_Content" title="Category:Geography Content">Geography Content</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa_tag" title="Category:Africa tag">Africa tag</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_tag" title="Category:Geography tag">Geography tag</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Suggestion_Bot_Tag" title="Category:Suggestion Bot Tag">Suggestion Bot Tag</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" role="navigation" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Personal tools</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Liberia" title="To edit pages, [[Special:RequestAccount|get a contributor account]]. 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