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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod"><span>Naučite se urejati</span></a></li><li id="n-Izbrani-članki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Izbrani_%C4%8Dlanki"><span>Izbrani članki</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Naklju%C4%8Dno" title="Naložite naključno stran [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Naključna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:ZadnjeSpremembe" title="Seznam zadnjih sprememb Wikipedije [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Zadnje spremembe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-obcestvo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-obcestvo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skupnost </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Vsebina" title="Kraj, kjer lahko prejmete pomoč"><span>Pomoč</span></a></li><li id="n-Pod-lipo" class="mw-list-item"><a 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name="search" placeholder="Iskanje v Wikipediji" aria-label="Iskanje v Wikipediji" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Preiščite viki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Iskanje"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Išči</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osebna orodja"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Videz" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Videz</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl" class=""><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Katran" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno." class=""><span>Ustvari račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Katran" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijava</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Več možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osebna orodja" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osebna orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uporabniški meni" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl"><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Katran" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Ustvari račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Katran" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijava</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strani za neprijavljene urejevalce <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod" aria-label="Več o urejanju"><span>več o tem</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojiPrispevki" title="Seznam urejanj s tega IP-naslova [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojPogovor" title="Pogovor o urejanjih s tega IP-naslova [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pogovorna stran</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Vsebina" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izdelava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izdelava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izdelava</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izdelava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uporaba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uporaba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uporaba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uporaba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opredelitev" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opredelitev"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Opredelitev</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opredelitev-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Premog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glej_tudi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glej_tudi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Glej tudi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glej_tudi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Vsebina" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vklopi kazalo vsebine" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Katran</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 66 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 jezikov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قطران – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قطران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraya%C4%9F" title="Qarayağ – azerbajdžanščina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qarayağ" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smala" title="Smala – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Smala" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Дзёгаць – beloruščina" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзёгаць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="beloruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Дзёгаць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дзёгаць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Катран – bolgarščina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Катран" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="ကတ္တရာ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကတ္တရာ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quitr%C3%A0" title="Quitrà – katalonščina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quitrà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehet" title="Dehet – češčina" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dehet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%82" title="Тикĕт – čuvaščina" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тикĕт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%A6re" title="Tjære – danščina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tjære" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teer" title="Teer – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Teer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Πίσσα – grščina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πίσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar" title="Tar – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tar" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudro" title="Gudro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gudro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brea" title="Brea – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B5rv" title="Tõrv – estonščina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tõrv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundrun" title="Mundrun – baskovščina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mundrun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قطران – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قطران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terva" title="Terva – finščina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Terva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goudron" title="Goudron – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Goudron" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarra" title="Tarra – irščina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tarra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatr%C3%A1n" title="Alcatrán – galicijščina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alcatrán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="זפת – hebrejščina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="तारकोल – hindijščina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तारकोल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katran" title="Katran – hrvaščina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katran" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1tr%C3%A1ny" title="Kátrány – madžarščina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kátrány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="madžarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA%D6%80" title="Կուպր – armenščina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կուպր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter" title="Ter – indonezijščina" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudro" title="Gudro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gudro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjara" title="Tjara – islandščina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tjara" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catrame" title="Catrame – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catrame" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E7%95%99%E6%B6%B2" title="乾留液 – japonščina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="乾留液" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Қарамай – kazaščina" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қарамай" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಟಾರೆಣ್ಣೆ – kanareščina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಾರೆಣ್ಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanareščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EB%A5%B4" title="타르 – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degutas" title="Degutas – litovščina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Degutas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darva" title="Darva – latvijščina" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Darva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara" title="Tara – malgaščina" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tara" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="ടാർ – malajalamščina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="ကတ္တရာ – burmanščina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကတ္တရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Кекше – erzjanščina" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кекше" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teer" title="Teer – nizozemščina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Teer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%B8re" title="Tjøre – novonorveščina" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tjøre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novonorveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%A6re" title="Tjære – knjižna norveščina" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tjære" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="knjižna norveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quitran" title="Quitran – okcitanščina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quitran" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziegie%C4%87" title="Dziegieć – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dziegieć" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatr%C3%A3o" title="Alcatrão – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alcatrão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudron" title="Gudron – romunščina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gudron" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Дёготь – ruščina" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дёготь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katran" title="Katran – srbohrvaščina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Katran" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbohrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar" title="Tar – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tar" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decht" title="Decht – slovaščina" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Decht" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaamur" title="Gaamur – somalščina" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Gaamur" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katrani" title="Katrani – albanščina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Katrani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katran" title="Katran – srbščina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Katran" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tj%C3%A4ra" title="Tjära – švedščina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tjära" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="தார் – tamilščina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தார்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="น้ำมันดิน – tajščina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำมันดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katran" title="Katran – turščina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Katran" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Дьоготь – ukrajinščina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дьоготь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudron" title="Gudron – uzbeščina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gudron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%AFc_%C3%ADn" title="Hắc ín – vietnamščina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hắc ín" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E6%B2%B9" title="焦油 – wu-kitajščina" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="焦油" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9A" title="פעך – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פעך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E6%B2%B9" title="焦油 – kitajščina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="焦油" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186209#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi medjezikovne povezave" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi povezave</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Katran" title="Ogled vsebinske strani [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pogovor:Katran&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Pogovor o vsebinski strani (stran ne obstaja) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pogovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Spremeni različico jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenščina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Katran"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=history" title="Prejšnje redakcije te strani [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Orodja" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Orodja</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Več možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dejanja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Katran"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=history"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Splošno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:KajSePovezujeSem/Katran" title="Seznam vseh strani, ki se povezujejo sem [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Kaj se povezuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:RecentChangesLinked/Katran" rel="nofollow" title="Zadnje spremembe na straneh, s katerimi se povezuje ta stran [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane spremembe</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:PosebneStrani" title="Seznam vseh posebnih strani [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne strani</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&oldid=6248392" title="Trajna povezava na to redakcijo strani"><span>Trajna povezava</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=info" title="Več informacij o tej strani"><span>Podatki o strani</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Navedi&page=Katran&id=6248392&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tem, kako navajati to stran"><span>Navedba članka</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKatran"><span>Pridobi skrajšani URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKatran"><span>Prenesi kodo QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tiskanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Katran"><span>Ustvari e-knjigo</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Katran&action=show-download-screen"><span>Prenesi kot PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&printable=yes" title="Različica te strani za tisk [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Različica za tisk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V drugih projektih </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tar" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedijina zbirka</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q186209" title="Povezava na ustrezni predmet v podatkovni shrambi [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Predmet v Wikipodatkih</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Videz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Corn_Stover_Tar_from_Pyrolysis_by_Microwave_Heating.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Corn_Stover_Tar_from_Pyrolysis_by_Microwave_Heating.jpg/220px-Corn_Stover_Tar_from_Pyrolysis_by_Microwave_Heating.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Corn_Stover_Tar_from_Pyrolysis_by_Microwave_Heating.jpg/330px-Corn_Stover_Tar_from_Pyrolysis_by_Microwave_Heating.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Corn_Stover_Tar_from_Pyrolysis_by_Microwave_Heating.jpg/440px-Corn_Stover_Tar_from_Pyrolysis_by_Microwave_Heating.jpg 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="1684" /></a><figcaption>Katranu podobna snov se lahko proizvaja iz koruznega stebla s segrevanjem v mikrovalovni pečici.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Katran</b> ali <b>gudron</b> je temna, večkrat črna, viskozna, oljnata tekočina, ki vsebuje ostanke <a href="/wiki/Destilacija" title="Destilacija">destilacije</a> fosilnih organskih materialov, ogljikovih hidratov in <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">nafte</a>. Rafinerije, kemična in težka industrija, shranjujejo gudron v velike, neprepustne bazene, kjer ostajajo desetletja in so stalna nevarnost za okolje. Gudron vsebuje razne masti, parafine, asfaltene, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benzol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benzol (stran ne obstaja)">benzol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ksilol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ksilol (stran ne obstaja)">ksilol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krezol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krezol (stran ne obstaja)">krezol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toluon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toluon (stran ne obstaja)">toluon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gvainol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gvainol (stran ne obstaja)">gvainol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenol" title="Fenol">fenol</a> in celo vrsto raznih strupenih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smola (stran ne obstaja)">smol</a>. Odstranjevanje gudrona iz naravnega okolja je zelo zahteven in drag proces. Gudron je spreminjujoča <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smola (stran ne obstaja)">smola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proizvodnja" title="Proizvodnja">proizvaja</a> pa se predvsem iz <a href="/wiki/Les" title="Les">lesa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Korenina" title="Korenina">korenin</a> <a href="/wiki/Bor_(drevo)" title="Bor (drevo)">borovcev</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Proizvodnja" title="Proizvodnja">Proizvodnja</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trgovina" title="Trgovina">trgovina</a> katrana je bila pomemben dejavnik v <a href="/wiki/Gospodarstvo" title="Gospodarstvo">gospodarstvih</a> <a href="/wiki/Sever" title="Sever">severne</a> <a href="/wiki/Evropa" title="Evropa">Evrope</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika">Amerike</a>. Največ so ga uporabljali za zaščito <a href="/wiki/Les" title="Les">lesenih</a> <a href="/wiki/Ladja" title="Ladja">ladij</a> proti gnilobi. Največji uporabnik je bila kraljeva mornarica. Povpraševanje po katranu se je zmanjšalo, ko so začeli proizvajati ladje iz <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">železa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jeklo" title="Jeklo">jekla</a>. </p><p>Katranu podobne izdelke lahko pridobivajo tudi iz drugih <a href="/wiki/Organ" class="mw-disambig" title="Organ">organskih</a> <a href="/wiki/Snov" title="Snov">snovi</a>, kot so šote. <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Mineralni</a> izdelki se pridobivajo iz <a href="/wiki/Fosil" title="Fosil">fosilnih</a> ogljikovodikov, vključno z <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">nafto</a>. <a href="/wiki/Premog" title="Premog">Premogov</a> katran se pridobiva iz premoga kot stranski produkt <a href="/wiki/Proizvodnja" title="Proizvodnja">proizvodnje</a> koksa. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izdelava">Izdelava</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Izdelava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=edit&section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Izdelava"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Tj%C3%A4rdal_092.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tj%C3%A4rdal_092.jpg/200px-Tj%C3%A4rdal_092.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tj%C3%A4rdal_092.jpg/300px-Tj%C3%A4rdal_092.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Tj%C3%A4rdal_092.jpg/400px-Tj%C3%A4rdal_092.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Katranska peč (Trollskogen, Oland, Švedska)</figcaption></figure> <p>V severni Evropi se beseda katran nanaša predvsem na <a href="/wiki/Snov" title="Snov">snovi</a>, ki izhajajo iz <a href="/wiki/Les" title="Les">lesa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Korenina" title="Korenina">korenin</a> borovcev. V preteklosti se je pogosto uporabljal kot vodoodporen premaz za <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Coln" title="Čoln">čolne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladijski_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladijski transport">ladje</a> in strehe, še vedno pa se uporablja kot dodatek ali aroma pri sladkarijah, <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkoholu</a>, in drugih živilih. Lesni katran ima prijeten sladek <a href="/wiki/Vonj" title="Vonj">vonj</a>. Proizvodnja katrana iz <a href="/wiki/Les" title="Les">lesa</a> je bila znana v antični <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dija" title="Grčija">Grčiji</a>, uporablja se že od <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezna_doba" title="Železna doba">železne dobe</a>. V 14. stoletju je bil katran najpomembnejše izvozno sredstvo na <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vedska" title="Švedska">Švedskem</a>. Proizvodnja se je ustavila na začetku 20. stoletja, ko so druge <a href="/wiki/Kemikalija" title="Kemikalija">kemikalije</a> nadomestile katran in <a href="/wiki/Les" title="Les">lesene</a> <a href="/wiki/Ladijski_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladijski transport">ladje</a> nadomestile <a href="/wiki/Jeklo" title="Jeklo">jeklene</a>. Ogrevanje z borovim lesom povzroča katran; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smola (stran ne obstaja)">smola</a> kaplja od lesa in za seboj pušča <a href="/wiki/Oglje" title="Oglje">oglje</a>. To oglje je zelo dragoceno; imenujemo ga tudi <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">ruska</a> <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">nafta</a>, primerno je za zaščito <a href="/wiki/Usnje" title="Usnje">usnja</a>. Stranski produkt katranovega lesa je <a href="/wiki/Oglje" title="Oglje">oglje</a> in lesni <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a>. </p><p>Peči za katran so suhe peči. Zgodovinsko so se uporabljale v <a href="/wiki/Skandinavija" title="Skandinavija">Skandinaviji</a> za proizvodnjo katrana iz lesa. Zgrajene so bile v bližini <a href="/wiki/Gozd" title="Gozd">gozdov</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Apnenec" title="Apnenec">apnenca</a>. Dno je nagnjeno v vtičnico, da se je katran lahko izlil. Les je naložen na razsežnosti prsta. Zložen je zelo na gosto. Če je prisoten <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisik</a>, lahko pride do vnetja in <a href="/wiki/Proizvodnja" title="Proizvodnja">proizvodnja</a> se lahko uniči. Katran se prične izločati po nekaj urah, proces pa lahko traja tudi več dni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uporaba">Uporaba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi razdelek: Uporaba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=edit&section=2" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Uporaba"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Birkenpech.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Birkenpech.JPG/220px-Birkenpech.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Birkenpech.JPG/330px-Birkenpech.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Birkenpech.JPG/440px-Birkenpech.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="1596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Breza" title="Breza">Breza</a> katrana</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Tar_melting.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tar_melting.JPG/220px-Tar_melting.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tar_melting.JPG/330px-Tar_melting.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Tar_melting.JPG/440px-Tar_melting.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Topeči katran za polaganje <a href="/wiki/Cesta" title="Cesta">ceste</a> v <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indiji</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Katran se je uporabljal kot tesnilo za strešne skodle in za tesnenje lupin, ladij in <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Coln" title="Čoln">čolnov</a>. Včasih so ga uporabljali za nepremočljiva jadra in čolne, vendar so ga danes nadomestili s sintetičnimi <a href="/wiki/Material" title="Material">materiali</a>. <a href="/wiki/Les" title="Les">Lesni</a> katran pa se še vedno uporablja za tesnenje <a href="/wiki/Tradicija" title="Tradicija">tradicionalnih</a> lesenih čolnov in za strehe <a href="/wiki/Zgodovina" title="Zgodovina">zgodovinskih</a> <a href="/wiki/Cerkev_(zgradba)" title="Cerkev (zgradba)">cerkva</a>, prav tako pa ga lahko uporabljamo za zunanje stene <a href="/wiki/Stavbarstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavbarstvo">stavb.</a> Katran je tudi splošno razkužilo. </p><p>Finski pregovor pravi, da če <a href="/wiki/Savna" title="Savna">savna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodka</a>, in katran ne pomagajo, je lahko <a href="/wiki/Bolezen" title="Bolezen">bolezen</a> usodna. Katran se uporablja tudi v <a href="/wiki/Medicina" title="Medicina">medicini</a>. Lahko se uporablja tudi v naslednje namene: </p> <ul><li>kot <a href="/wiki/Aroma" class="mw-redirect" title="Aroma">aroma</a> za bonbone in <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" title="Alkohol">alkohol</a></li> <li>kot <a href="/wiki/Za%C4%8Dimba" title="Začimba">začimba</a> <a href="/wiki/Hrana" title="Hrana">hrani</a>, npr. <a href="/wiki/Meso" title="Meso">mesu</a></li> <li>kot vonj za <a href="/wiki/Savna" title="Savna">savne</a></li> <li>kot <a href="/wiki/Detergent" title="Detergent">detergent</a> proti prhljaju v šamponu</li> <li>kot sestavni del kozmetike</li></ul> <p>Katran mešajo z lanenim <a href="/wiki/Olje" title="Olje">oljem</a> in ga uporabljajo za izdelavo <a href="/wiki/Barve" class="mw-redirect" title="Barve">barve</a>. Katranova barva je prosojno rjavkaste barve. Lahko se uporablja za nasičenje <a href="/wiki/Barva" title="Barva">barv</a> in ščiti <a href="/wiki/Les" title="Les">les</a> pred zunanjimi <a href="/wiki/Vreme" title="Vreme">vremenskimi</a> vplivi. Katranova barva je lahko napeta z različnimi pigmenti, ki ohranjajo teksturo lesa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opredelitev">Opredelitev</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi razdelek: Opredelitev" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=edit&section=3" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Opredelitev"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beseda <i>katran</i> se lahko uporablja za opis več različnih snovi, ki niso zares katran. Nahajališča <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">nafte</a> (včasih imenovane katranski pesek) vsebujejo različne mešanice peska ali <a href="/wiki/Kamnina" title="Kamnina">kamnin</a>. Katran in smola se včasih uporabljajo izmenično, vendar pa je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smola (stran ne obstaja)">smola</a> bolj trdna, medtem ko je katran bolj <a href="/wiki/Teko%C4%8Dina" title="Tekočina">tekoč</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Premog">Premog</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi razdelek: Premog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=edit&section=4" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Premog"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V angleščini, nemščini, in francoščini je <i>katran</i> snov, ki izvira predvsem iz premoga. Katran iz črnega <a href="/wiki/Premog" title="Premog">premoga</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">naftnih derivatov</a> se zaradi visoke vsebnosti benzena šteje med strupene in rakotvorne snovi. Kljub temu se premogov katran v malih koncentracijah uporablja kot <a href="/wiki/Zdravilo" title="Zdravilo">zdravilo</a> za kožne bolezni. Ima zelo oster <a href="/wiki/Vonj" title="Vonj">vonj</a>. Katran črnega premoga je naveden pod številko 1999 v seznamu navarnega blaga, ki ga vodijo Združeni narodi (UN). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glej_tudi">Glej tudi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi razdelek: Glej tudi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=edit&section=5" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Glej tudi"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Bitumen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smola (stran ne obstaja)">Smola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premogov_katran" class="mw-redirect" title="Premogov katran">Premogov katran</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi razdelek: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katran&action=edit&section=6" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Literatura"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5980220">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_www.geotimes.org.feb05"><b><a href="#ref_www.geotimes.org.feb05">^</a></b></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5980307">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«""›""‹"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geotimes.org/feb05/NN_mummytar.html">»Geotimes - February 2005 - Mummy tar in ancient Egypt«</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 9. januarja 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Geotimes+-+February+2005+-+Mummy+tar+in+ancient+Egypt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geotimes.org%2Ffeb05%2FNN_mummytar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3AKatran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prices-candles.co.uk/history/historydetail.asp">Details history and uses of "Rangoon Tar"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090904184055/http://www.prices-candles.co.uk/history/historydetail.asp">Arhivirano</a> 2009-09-04 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5916282">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5911185">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedijina zbirka ponuja več predstavnostnega gradiva o temi: <span style="font-weight: bold; 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