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This is particularly true for wildlife populations at high latitudes, many of which demonstrate changes in population dynamics associated with global warming. The Falkland Islands (Southwest Atlantic) hold one of the largest Gentoo Penguin Pygoscelis papua populations in the world, representing c. 34% of the global population. The numbers of breeding Gentoo Penguins at the Falkland Islands have shown a high degree of inter-annual variability since monitoring commenced in 1990. However, proximate causes of annual variability in breeding numbers have not been explored. Here we examine 21 years of Gentoo Penguin breeding surveys from the Falkland Islands and assess whether inter-annual variability in the number of breeding pairs were correlated with proxies of environmental variability. There was a positive correlation between the number of breeding pairs and a broad-scale climatic variation index, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). In turn, the SOI was significantly correlated with spring sea surface temperature anomalies, indicating a more immediate atmospherically forced response to El Niño Southern Oscillation variability in the Southwest Atlantic than previously reported. However, we also describe a non-linear response to environmental variability that may highlight foraging plasticity and ⁄ or the complexity of regional ecosystem interactions that operate across a range of different scales.","publication_date":"2012,,","publication_name":"Ibis"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Climate as a driver of population variability in breeding Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua at the Falkland Islands","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [33381131]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":47340674,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Climate as a driver of population variability in breeding Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua at the Falkland Islands”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/47340674/mini_magick20190207-30380-1dpkocg.png?1549539169" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Climate as a driver of population variability in breeding Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua at the Falkland Islands</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33381131" href="https://nmmu.academia.edu/PierrePistorius"><img alt="Profile image of Pierre Pistorius" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Pierre Pistorius</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2012, Ibis</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 27087092; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Detecting and predicting how populations respond to environmental variability are eminent challenges in conservation research and management. This is particularly true for wildlife populations at high latitudes, many of which demonstrate changes in population dynamics associated with global warming. The Falkland Islands (Southwest Atlantic) hold one of the largest Gentoo Penguin Pygoscelis papua populations in the world, representing c. 34% of the global population. The numbers of breeding Gentoo Penguins at the Falkland Islands have shown a high degree of inter-annual variability since monitoring commenced in 1990. However, proximate causes of annual variability in breeding numbers have not been explored. Here we examine 21 years of Gentoo Penguin breeding surveys from the Falkland Islands and assess whether inter-annual variability in the number of breeding pairs were correlated with proxies of environmental variability. There was a positive correlation between the number of breeding pairs and a broad-scale climatic variation index, the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). In turn, the SOI was significantly correlated with spring sea surface temperature anomalies, indicating a more immediate atmospherically forced response to El Niño Southern Oscillation variability in the Southwest Atlantic than previously reported. However, we also describe a non-linear response to environmental variability that may highlight foraging plasticity and ⁄ or the complexity of regional ecosystem interactions that operate across a range of different scales.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":47340674,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/27087092/Climate_as_a_driver_of_population_variability_in_breeding_Gentoo_Penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_at_the_Falkland_Islands"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":47340674,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/27087092/Climate_as_a_driver_of_population_variability_in_breeding_Gentoo_Penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_at_the_Falkland_Islands"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="47340674" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/27087092/Climate_as_a_driver_of_population_variability_in_breeding_Gentoo_Penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_at_the_Falkland_Islands" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="4839001" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4839001/Climatically_driven_fluctuations_in_Southern_Ocean_ecosystems">Climatically driven fluctuations in Southern Ocean ecosystems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6270666" href="https://antarctica.academia.edu/JaumeForcada">Jaume Forcada</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Determining how climate fluctuations affect ocean ecosystems requires an understanding of how biological and physical processes interact across a wide range of scales. Here we examine the role of physical and biological processes in generating fluctuations in the ecosystem around South Georgia in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Anomalies in sea surface temperature (SST) in the South Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean have previously been shown to be generated through atmospheric teleconnections with El Niñ o Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related processes. These SST anomalies are propagated via the Antarctic Circumpolar Current into the South Atlantic (on time scales of more than 1 year), where ENSO and Southern Annular Mode-related atmospheric processes have a direct influence on short (less than six months) time scales. We find that across the South Atlantic sector, these changes in SST, and related fluctuations in winter sea ice extent, affect the recruitment and dispersal of Antarctic krill. This oceanographically driven variation in krill population dynamics and abundance in turn affects the breeding success of seabird and marine mammal predators that depend on krill as food. Such propagating anomalies, mediated through physical and trophic interactions, are likely to be an important component of variation in ocean ecosystems and affect responses to longer term change. Population models derived on the basis of these oceanic fluctuations indicate that plausible rates of regional warming of 1 o C over the next 100 years could lead to more than a 95% reduction in the biomass and abundance of krill across the Scotia Sea by the end of the century.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climatically driven fluctuations in Southern Ocean ecosystems","attachmentId":32125368,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4839001/Climatically_driven_fluctuations_in_Southern_Ocean_ecosystems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4839001/Climatically_driven_fluctuations_in_Southern_Ocean_ecosystems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="18177753" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18177753/Climate_change_and_Southern_Ocean_ecosystems_I_how_changes_in_physical_habitats_directly_affect_marine_biota">Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38592821" href="https://hokudai.academia.edu/MitsuoFukuchi">Mitsuo Fukuchi</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38257395" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WalkerSmith2">Walker Smith</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38159953" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StuartCorney">Stuart Corney</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50529858" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaryanneLea">Mary-anne Lea</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Global Change Biology, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This article reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole-ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to Correspondence: Andrew J. Constable, tel. +61 3 6232 3558, fax +61 3 6232 3583, Global Change Biology their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species-specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota","attachmentId":39917503,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/18177753/Climate_change_and_Southern_Ocean_ecosystems_I_how_changes_in_physical_habitats_directly_affect_marine_biota","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/18177753/Climate_change_and_Southern_Ocean_ecosystems_I_how_changes_in_physical_habitats_directly_affect_marine_biota"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="48269191" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48269191/Global_phenological_insensitivity_to_shifting_ocean_temperatures_among_seabirds">Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38197116" href="https://nina.academia.edu/TychoAnkernilssen">Tycho Anker-nilssen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature Climate Change</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity 1 and is often sensitive to climatic conditions 2. Current climate change may alter timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators, and their prey 3. This is of particular concern for higher trophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers 4. However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general patterns of timing of reproduction 5. Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (-0.020 days yr-1) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (-0.272 days °C-1) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies), may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower trophic-level resources 2 .</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds","attachmentId":66970726,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48269191/Global_phenological_insensitivity_to_shifting_ocean_temperatures_among_seabirds","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48269191/Global_phenological_insensitivity_to_shifting_ocean_temperatures_among_seabirds"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="13679713" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13679713/Climate_forcing_on_marine_ecosystems">Climate forcing on marine ecosystems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32825312" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Gr%C3%A9goryBeaugrand">Grégory Beaugrand</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">… and Global Change, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter discusses the role of climate variability and change and their effects on the marine environment. As the frequency of physical forcing increases, the biological changes progress from local effects on individuals at synoptic weather scales, towards regional effects on population dynamics at monthly to decadal scales, and over and across basins on systems ecology at multidecadal timescales and longer. The nature of the impact is size-and age-dependent with generally greater and more rapid impacts on the smaller ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climate forcing on marine ecosystems","attachmentId":45069259,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13679713/Climate_forcing_on_marine_ecosystems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13679713/Climate_forcing_on_marine_ecosystems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="91705202" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91705202/Taking_the_Pulse_of_Marine_Ecosystems_The_Importance_of_Coupling_Long_Term_Physical_and_Biological_Observations_in_the_Context_of_Global_Change_Biology">Taking the Pulse of Marine Ecosystems: The Importance of Coupling Long-Term Physical and Biological Observations in the Context of Global Change Biology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="277174" href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/CarolBlanchette">Carol Blanchette</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Oceanography, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Taking the Pulse of Marine Ecosystems: The Importance of Coupling Long-Term Physical and Biological Observations in the Context of Global Change Biology","attachmentId":94916485,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91705202/Taking_the_Pulse_of_Marine_Ecosystems_The_Importance_of_Coupling_Long_Term_Physical_and_Biological_Observations_in_the_Context_of_Global_Change_Biology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91705202/Taking_the_Pulse_of_Marine_Ecosystems_The_Importance_of_Coupling_Long_Term_Physical_and_Biological_Observations_in_the_Context_of_Global_Change_Biology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="87152820" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87152820/Environmental_forcing_and_Southern_Ocean_marine_predator_populations_effects_of_climate_change_and_variability">Environmental forcing and Southern Ocean marine predator populations: effects of climate change and variability</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7364283" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhilTrathan">Phil Trathan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Southern Ocean is a major component within the global ocean and climate system and potentially the location where the most rapid climate change is most likely to happen, particularly in the high-latitude polar regions. In these regions, even small temperature changes can potentially lead to major environmental perturbations. Climate change is likely to be regional and may be expressed in various ways, including alterations to climate and weather patterns across a variety of time-scales that include changes to the long interdecadal background signals such as the development of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Oscillating climate signals such as ENSO potentially provide a unique opportunity to explore how biological communities respond to change. This approach is based on the premise that biological responses to shorter-term sub-decadal climate variability signals are potentially the best predictor of biological responses over longer time-scales. Around the Southern Ocean,...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Environmental forcing and Southern Ocean marine predator populations: effects of climate change and variability","attachmentId":91444677,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87152820/Environmental_forcing_and_Southern_Ocean_marine_predator_populations_effects_of_climate_change_and_variability","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87152820/Environmental_forcing_and_Southern_Ocean_marine_predator_populations_effects_of_climate_change_and_variability"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="32920593" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32920593/Climatic_Fluctuations_and_Marine_Systems_A_General_Itroduction_to_the_Ecological_Effects">Climatic Fluctuations and Marine Systems: A General Itroduction to the Ecological Effects</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4500242" href="https://havforskningsinstituttet.academia.edu/GeirOttersen">Geir Ottersen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Ecosystems and Climate Variation, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link 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class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="17459704" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17459704/the_response_of_marine_ecosystems_to_climate_variability_associated_with_the_North_Atlantic_Oscillation">the response of marine ecosystems to climate variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23606404" href="https://cnr-it.academia.edu/AlessandraConversi">Alessandra Conversi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Geophysical Monograph Series, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"the response of marine ecosystems to climate variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation","attachmentId":39520463,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17459704/the_response_of_marine_ecosystems_to_climate_variability_associated_with_the_North_Atlantic_Oscillation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17459704/the_response_of_marine_ecosystems_to_climate_variability_associated_with_the_North_Atlantic_Oscillation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="20634255" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20634255/Marine_Ecosystem_Sensitivity_to_Climate_Change">Marine Ecosystem Sensitivity to Climate Change</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41958905" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BillFraser1">Bill Fraser</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BioScience, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Marine Ecosystem Sensitivity to Climate Change","attachmentId":41476844,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20634255/Marine_Ecosystem_Sensitivity_to_Climate_Change","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20634255/Marine_Ecosystem_Sensitivity_to_Climate_Change"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="28977055" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28977055/Critical_indirect_effects_of_climate_change_on_sub_Antarctic_ecosystem_functioning">Critical indirect effects of climate change on sub-Antarctic ecosystem functioning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31815030" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CMcQuaid">C. McQuaid</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Sub-Antarctic islands represent critical breeding habitats for land-based top predators that dominate Southern Ocean food webs. Reproduction and molting incur high energetic demands that are sustained at the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) by both inshore (phytoplankton blooms; "island mass effect"; autochthonous) and offshore (allochthonous) productivity. As the relative contributions of these sustenance pathways are, in turn, affected by oceanographic conditions around the PEIs, we address the consequences of climatically driven changes in the physical environment on this island ecosystem. We show that there has been a measurable long-term shift in the carbon isotope signatures of the benthos inhabiting the shallow shelf region of the PEIs, most likely reflecting a long-term decline in enhanced phytoplankton productivity at the islands in response to a climate-driven shift in the position of the sub-Antarctic Front.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Critical indirect effects of climate change on sub-Antarctic ecosystem functioning","attachmentId":49421058,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28977055/Critical_indirect_effects_of_climate_change_on_sub_Antarctic_ecosystem_functioning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28977055/Critical_indirect_effects_of_climate_change_on_sub_Antarctic_ecosystem_functioning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47340674,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47340674,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_47340674" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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