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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="paqfNu52M+eHq4W1fTRY3quuR3HwI+bIdtW1DusZzbM4stBM/TVoBrj/XVxIN/K3WOddKIIVSIf9NszGsYQiUg==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2015/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Nature communications" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Karine Delord" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Cedric Cotté" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Cécile Bon" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/21685876/Large_scale_climatic_anomalies_affect_marine_predator_foraging_behaviour_and_demography" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Determining the links between the behavioural and population responses of wild species to environmental variations is critical for understanding the impact of climate variability on ecosystems. 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Using long-term data sets, we show how large-scale" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/KarineDelord" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/CedricCotte" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/CecileBon" /> <meta name="description" content="Determining the links between the behavioural and population responses of wild species to environmental variations is critical for understanding the impact of climate variability on ecosystems. Using long-term data sets, we show how large-scale" /> <title>(PDF) Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography | Karine Delord, Cedric Cotté, and Cécile Bon - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/21685876/Large_scale_climatic_anomalies_affect_marine_predator_foraging_behaviour_and_demography" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '3fc4601e7ca7f3c56efd437e416c7062ddea86d9'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1734169812000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1734169812000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Determining the links between the behavioural and population responses of wild species to environmental variations is critical for understanding the impact of climate variability on ecosystems. Using long-term data sets, we show how large-scale climatic anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere affect the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of a key marine predator, the king penguin. When large-scale subtropical dipole events occur simultaneously in both subtropical Southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans, they generate tropical anomalies that shift the foraging zone southward. Consequently the distances that penguins foraged from the colony and their feeding depths increased and the population size decreased. This represents an example of a robust and fast impact of large-scale climatic anomalies affecting a marine predator through changes in its at-sea behaviour and demography, despite lack of information on prey availability. Our results highlight a possible behavioural mechanism t...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Karine Delord"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Cedric Cotté"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Cécile Bon"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Cedric Cotté"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Cécile Bon"}],"dateCreated":"2016-02-08","dateModified":"2021-04-23","datePublished":"2015-01-01","headline":"Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42381091/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Multidisciplinary","Nature Communications"],"publication":"Nature 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Using long-term data sets, we show how large-scale climatic anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere affect the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of a key marine predator, the king penguin. When large-scale subtropical dipole events occur simultaneously in both subtropical Southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans, they generate tropical anomalies that shift the foraging zone southward. Consequently the distances that penguins foraged from the colony and their feeding depths increased and the population size decreased. This represents an example of a robust and fast impact of large-scale climatic anomalies affecting a marine predator through changes in its at-sea behaviour and demography, despite lack of information on prey availability. Our results highlight a possible behavioural mechanism t...","publication_date":"2015,,","publication_name":"Nature communications"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [42843322,42903790,42905443]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":42381091,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/42381091/mini_magick20190217-29724-nrabrz.png?1550459616" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Large-scale climatic anomalies affect marine predator foraging behaviour and demography</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42843322" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KarineDelord"><img alt="Profile image of Karine Delord" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Karine Delord</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42903790" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CedricCotte"><img alt="Profile image of Cedric Cotté" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Cedric Cotté</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42905443" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CecileBon"><img alt="Profile image of Cécile Bon" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Cécile Bon</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2015, Nature communications</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">9 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 21685876; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Determining the links between the behavioural and population responses of wild species to environmental variations is critical for understanding the impact of climate variability on ecosystems. Using long-term data sets, we show how large-scale climatic anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere affect the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of a key marine predator, the king penguin. When large-scale subtropical dipole events occur simultaneously in both subtropical Southern Indian and Atlantic Oceans, they generate tropical anomalies that shift the foraging zone southward. Consequently the distances that penguins foraged from the colony and their feeding depths increased and the population size decreased. This represents an example of a robust and fast impact of large-scale climatic anomalies affecting a marine predator through changes in its at-sea behaviour and demography, despite lack of information on prey availability. Our results highlight a possible behavioural mechanism t...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":42381091,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/21685876/Large_scale_climatic_anomalies_affect_marine_predator_foraging_behaviour_and_demography"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":42381091,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/21685876/Large_scale_climatic_anomalies_affect_marine_predator_foraging_behaviour_and_demography"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="42381091" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/21685876/Large_scale_climatic_anomalies_affect_marine_predator_foraging_behaviour_and_demography" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="4838992" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4838992/Penguin_responses_to_climate_change_in_the_Southern_Ocean">Penguin responses to climate change in the Southern Ocean</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6270666" href="https://antarctica.academia.edu/JaumeForcada">Jaume Forcada</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Global Change Biology, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Penguins are adapted to live in extreme environments, but they can be highly sensitive to climate change, which disrupts penguin life history strategies when it alters the weather, oceanography and critical habitats. For example, in the southwest Atlantic, the distributional range of the ice-obligate emperor and Adélie penguins has shifted poleward and contracted, while the ice-intolerant gentoo and chinstrap penguins have expanded their range southward. In the Southern Ocean, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode are the main modes of climate variability that drive changes in the marine ecosystem, ultimately affecting penguins. The interaction between these modes is complex and changes over time, so that penguin responses to climate change are expected to vary accordingly, complicating our understanding of their future population processes. Penguins have long life spans, which slow microevolution, and which is unlikely to increase their tolerance to rapid warming. Therefore, in order that penguins may continue to exploit their transformed ecological niche and maintain their current distributional ranges, they must possess adequate phenotypic plasticity. However, past species-specific adaptations also constrain potential changes in phenology, and are unlikely to be adaptive for altered climatic conditions. Thus, the paleoecological record suggests that penguins are more likely to respond by dispersal rather than adaptation. Ecosystem changes are potentially most important at the borders of current geographic distributions, where penguins operate at the limits of their tolerance; species with low adaptability, particularly the ice-obligates, may therefore be more affected by their need to disperse in response to climate and may struggle to colonize new habitats. While future sea-ice contraction around Antarctica is likely to continue affecting the ice-obligate penguins, understanding the responses of the ice-intolerant penguins also depends on changes in climate mode periodicities and interactions, which to date remain difficult to reproduce in general circulation models.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Penguin responses to climate change in the Southern Ocean","attachmentId":49607242,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4838992/Penguin_responses_to_climate_change_in_the_Southern_Ocean","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4838992/Penguin_responses_to_climate_change_in_the_Southern_Ocean"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="13271466" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13271466/Impact_of_small_scale_environmental_perturbations_on_local_marine_food_resources_a_case_study_of_a_predator_the_little_penguin">Impact of small-scale environmental perturbations on local marine food resources: a case study of a predator, the little penguin</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39085207" href="https://penguins.academia.edu/AndreChiaradia">Andre Chiaradia</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32525947" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AkikoKato1">Akiko Kato</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Although the impact of environmental changes on the demographic parameters of top predators is well established, the mechanisms by which populations are affected remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a reduction in the thermal stratification of coastal water masses between 2005 and 2006 was associated with reduced foraging and breeding success of little penguins Eudyptula minor, major bio-indicators of the Bass Strait ecosystem in southern Australia. The foraging patterns of the penguins suggest that their prey disperse widely in poorly stratified waters, leading to reduced foraging efficiency and poor breeding success. Mixed water regimes resulting from storms are currently unusual during the breeding period of these birds, but are expected to become more frequent due to climate change.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impact of small-scale environmental perturbations on local marine food resources: a case study of a predator, the little penguin","attachmentId":45526401,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13271466/Impact_of_small_scale_environmental_perturbations_on_local_marine_food_resources_a_case_study_of_a_predator_the_little_penguin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13271466/Impact_of_small_scale_environmental_perturbations_on_local_marine_food_resources_a_case_study_of_a_predator_the_little_penguin"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="50119006" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50119006/High_sea_surface_temperatures_driven_by_a_strengthening_current_reduce_foraging_success_by_penguins">High sea surface temperatures driven by a strengthening current reduce foraging success by penguins</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37411776" href="https://mq.academia.edu/DavidSlip">David Slip</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Reports, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The world's oceans are undergoing rapid, regionally specific warming. Strengthening western boundary currents play a role in this phenomenon, with sea surface temperatures (SST) in their paths rising faster than the global average. To understand how dynamic oceanography influences food availability in these ocean warming "hotspots", we use a novel prey capture signature derived from accelerometry to understand how the warm East Australian Current shapes foraging success by a meso-predator, the little penguin. This seabird feeds on low trophic level species that are sensitive to environmental change. We found that in 2012, prey capture success by penguins was high when SST was low relative to the long-term mean. In 2013 prey capture success was low, coincident with an unusually strong penetration of warm water. Overall there was an optimal temperature range for prey capture around 19-21 °C, with lower success at both lower and higher temperatures, mirroring published relationships between commercial sardine catch and SST. Spatially, higher SSTs corresponded to a lower probability of penguins using an area, and lower prey capture success. These links between high SST and reduced prey capture success by penguins suggest negative implications for future resource availability in a system dominated by a strengthening western boundary current.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"High sea surface temperatures driven by a strengthening current reduce foraging success by penguins","attachmentId":68223724,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50119006/High_sea_surface_temperatures_driven_by_a_strengthening_current_reduce_foraging_success_by_penguins","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50119006/High_sea_surface_temperatures_driven_by_a_strengthening_current_reduce_foraging_success_by_penguins"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="4838996" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4838996/Contrasting_population_changes_in_sympatric_penguin_species_in_association_with_climate_warming">Contrasting population changes in sympatric penguin species in association with climate warming</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6270666" href="https://antarctica.academia.edu/JaumeForcada">Jaume Forcada</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Global Change Biology, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Climate warming and associated sea ice reductions in Antarctica have modified habitat conditions for some species. These include the congeneric Adélie, chinstrap and gentoo penguins, which now demonstrate remarkable population responses to regional warming. However, inconsistencies in the direction of population changes between species at different study sites complicate the understanding of causal processes. Here, we show that at the South Orkney Islands where the three species breed sympatrically, the less ice-adapted gentoo penguins increased significantly in numbers over the last 26 years, whereas chinstrap and Adélie penguins both declined. These trends occurred in parallel with regional long-term warming and significant reduction in sea ice extent. Periodical warm events, with teleconnections to the tropical Pacific, caused cycles in sea ice leading to reduced prey biomass, and simultaneous interannual population decreases in the three penguin species. With the loss of sea ice, Adélie penguins were less buffered against the environment, their numbers fluctuated greatly and their population response was strong and linear. Chinstrap penguins, considered to be better adapted to ice-free conditions, were affected by discrete events of locally increased ice cover, but showed less variable, nonlinear responses to sea ice loss. Gentoo penguins were temporarily affected by negative anomalies in regional sea ice, but persistent sea ice reductions were likely to increase their available niche, which is likely to be substantially segregated from that of their more abundant congeners. Thus, the regional consequences of global climate perturbations on the sea ice phenology affect the marine ecosystem, with repercussions for penguin food supply and competition for resources. Ultimately, variability in penguin populations with warming reflects the local balance between penguin adaptation to ice conditions and trophic-mediated changes cascading from global climate forcing.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contrasting population changes in sympatric penguin species in association with climate warming","attachmentId":49607249,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4838996/Contrasting_population_changes_in_sympatric_penguin_species_in_association_with_climate_warming","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4838996/Contrasting_population_changes_in_sympatric_penguin_species_in_association_with_climate_warming"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="63014000" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63014000/King_penguin_population_threatened_by_Southern_Ocean_warming">King penguin population threatened by Southern Ocean warming</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75828006" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YvonLeMaho">Yvon Le Maho</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"King penguin population threatened by Southern Ocean warming","attachmentId":75584394,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63014000/King_penguin_population_threatened_by_Southern_Ocean_warming","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63014000/King_penguin_population_threatened_by_Southern_Ocean_warming"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="12834160" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12834160/Large_scale_climate_and_local_weather_drive_interannual_variability_in_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguin_chick_fledging_mass">Large-scale climate and local weather drive interannual variability in Adélie penguin chick fledging mass</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32131901" href="https://udel.academia.edu/MOliver">M. Oliver</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32020764" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/MeganCimino">Megan Cimino</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31936065" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VincentSaba">Vincent Saba</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The fledging mass of penguin chicks can be an indicator of food availability and environmental conditions at a penguin colony. For the period 1989 to 2011, we analyzed predictor variables of environmental and food resource factors acting on multiple spatial scales near Palmer Station, Antarctica, that may influence the interannual variability in Adélie penguin chick fledging mass (CFM). To understand the influence of parental Adélie penguin diet on CFM, we modeled the energy density and krill demographics of penguin diet samples. We found a weak but significant positive relationship between the proportion of immature krill in adult penguin diets and CFM, which may indicate that krill recruitment and prey availability to adults influences CFM. However, the impact of large-scale climate and local weather outweighed the impact of parental diet characteristics on CFM. CFM was negatively associated with a positive Antarctic Oscillation (or Southern Annular Mode) and increased westerly winds and was positively associated with increased air temperature. The mechanistic relationship between climate, local weather, and CFM could include direct and indirect impacts, such as increased thermo-regulative costs for unattended chicks, decreased chick feeding frequency, and smaller meal mass for chicks driven by the geophysical transport of krill by climate and wind events.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Large-scale climate and local weather drive interannual variability in Adélie penguin chick fledging mass","attachmentId":45903548,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12834160/Large_scale_climate_and_local_weather_drive_interannual_variability_in_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguin_chick_fledging_mass","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12834160/Large_scale_climate_and_local_weather_drive_interannual_variability_in_Ad%C3%A9lie_penguin_chick_fledging_mass"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="40083297" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40083297/Linking_extreme_interannual_changes_in_prey_availability_to_foraging_behaviour_and_breeding_investment_in_a_marine_predator_the_macaroni_penguin">Linking extreme interannual changes in prey availability to foraging behaviour and breeding investment in a marine predator, the macaroni penguin</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="122462053" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CatHorswill">Cat Horswill</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plos One, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Understanding the mechanisms that link prey availability to predator behaviour and population change is central to projecting how a species may respond to future environmental pressures. We documented the behavioural responses and breeding investment of macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus across five breeding seasons where local prey density changed by five-fold; from very low to highly abundant. When prey availability was low, foraging trips were significantly longer and extended overnight. Birds also foraged farther from the colony, potentially in order to reach more distant foraging grounds and allow for increased search times. These extended foraging trips were also linked to a marked decrease in fledgling weights, most likely associated with reduced rates of provisioning. Furthermore , by comparing our results with previous work on this population, it appears that lowered first-year survival rates associated, at least partially, with fledging masses were also evident for this cohort. This study integrates a unique set of prey density, predator behaviour and predator breeding investment data to highlight a possible behavioural mechanism linking perturbations in prey availability to population demography.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Linking extreme interannual changes in prey availability to foraging behaviour and breeding investment in a marine predator, the macaroni penguin","attachmentId":60289729,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40083297/Linking_extreme_interannual_changes_in_prey_availability_to_foraging_behaviour_and_breeding_investment_in_a_marine_predator_the_macaroni_penguin","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40083297/Linking_extreme_interannual_changes_in_prey_availability_to_foraging_behaviour_and_breeding_investment_in_a_marine_predator_the_macaroni_penguin"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="27087092" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27087092/Climate_as_a_driver_of_population_variability_in_breeding_Gentoo_Penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_at_the_Falkland_Islands">Climate as a driver of population variability in breeding Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua at the Falkland Islands</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33381131" href="https://nmmu.academia.edu/PierrePistorius">Pierre Pistorius</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ibis, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climate as a driver of population variability in breeding Gentoo Penguins Pygoscelis papua at the Falkland Islands","attachmentId":47340674,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27087092/Climate_as_a_driver_of_population_variability_in_breeding_Gentoo_Penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_at_the_Falkland_Islands","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27087092/Climate_as_a_driver_of_population_variability_in_breeding_Gentoo_Penguins_Pygoscelis_papua_at_the_Falkland_Islands"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="5463559" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5463559/Impacts_of_climatic_anomalies_on_provisioning_strategies_of_a_Southern_Ocean_predator">Impacts of climatic anomalies on provisioning strategies of a Southern Ocean predator</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7669998" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LaurentDubroca">Laurent Dubroca</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Marine Ecology-progress Series, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The large temporal and spatial variability in marine productivity encountered by marine predators may negatively influence breeding success. The Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella (AFS), a marine predator in the Southern Ocean (SO) ecosystem with a circumpolar distribution, exhibits a short, 4 mo lactation coinciding with increased summer marine productivity. The diet of AFS, and the distance to significant and productive oceanographic features, such as the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ), varies considerably between populations. We studied the foraging activity, foraging efficiency and the pup provisioning strategies of lactating AFS at a key breeding site in the southern Indian Ocean, the Kerguelen Archipelago. Foraging parameters were examined in relation to interannual variability in oceanographic conditions and prey availability in the PFZ over 3 consecutive breeding seasons (1998 to 2000). The location of foraging zones, diving activity, diet and foraging efficiency varied significantly between years, concurrently with annual changes in seasurface temperature (SST) and prey availability. The strongest recorded El Niño Southern Oscillation event in 1997-1998 coincided with anomalously warm waters in the vicinity of the Archipelago. Deeper diving by females, reduced maternal and pup body condition, and minimal pup growth rates and low catch per unit effort of the primary prey species, lanternfishes (Myctophidae) were all recorded in this period. Maternal size was positively related to the growth performance of pups only in this period, indicating the importance of age/size and/or experience in mediating environmental fluctuations. Foraging efficiency over a foraging cycle and variability in mean provisioning rates (trip duration), were identified as proxies of prey availability within the foraging range of seals, emphasising the effectiveness of the use of AFS foraging behaviour as an indicator of both food and oceanographic variability and climatic anomalies. The increasing frequency of anomalously warm SST events in sectors of the SO, however, may elicit specific behavioural responses from 'central place foragers' (i.e. species that return to breeding sites to feed their young) to avoid sustained poor body condition of females and their weaned offspring.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Impacts of climatic anomalies on provisioning strategies of a Southern Ocean predator","attachmentId":32581920,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5463559/Impacts_of_climatic_anomalies_on_provisioning_strategies_of_a_Southern_Ocean_predator","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5463559/Impacts_of_climatic_anomalies_on_provisioning_strategies_of_a_Southern_Ocean_predator"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="4941437" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4941437/MSc_Thesis_RB_van_Eeden_Foraging_ecology_of_the_African_Penguin_in_relation_to_ocean_physical_processes">MSc Thesis RB van Eeden - Foraging ecology of the African Penguin in relation to ocean physical processes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1971920" href="https://nmmu.academia.edu/LorienPichegru">Lorien Pichegru</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">""Marine top predators play a pivotal role in stabilizing marine food webs. Their presence is also a good bio-indicator of the state of our oceans making them invaluable tools for detecting changes in the marine environment. However, it is important to grasp a fundamental understanding of how predators integrate with their environment if we are to fully understand the link between top predators and lower trophic levels. Seabirds are top predators facing substantial threats from fisheries and climate change, thus understanding their ecology is of growing importance. Their life histories such as long life spans and late maturation have evolved as a means to cope with the heterogeneous ocean landscape and scarce prey availability. These birds have also evolved a suite of strategies to increase the probability of locating these scarce and patchy prey distributions. For instance, many seabirds, especially long ranged birds such as albatrosses and larger penguins, are hypothesized to utilize temperature gradients to locate meso-scale (100-1000 km) ocean physical features such as eddies, fronts and upwelling zones where nutrients are advected to the euphotic zone from deeper cool bottom waters. This nutrient injection drives productivity in the ocean making these features ideal feeding grounds for top predators. Seabirds are also capable of using olfactory cues and currents to locate these features. However on a fine to coarse scale (1-100 km) it is less understood how these predators locate patchy prey distributions where cues such as temperature may be ephemeral. African Penguins have short foraging ranges (10-50 km), and forage in dynamic coastal environments making them an ideal model for understanding how short-ranged top predators locate their prey. By modeling the sea-surface thermal habitat preferences, and the dive behavior in relation to thermoclines of African Penguins I assess how these short-ranged birds use ocean physical processes to increase the probability of locating their small pelagic prey. African Penguins breeding on Bird Island, Algoa Bay, were capable of utilizing temperature as a potential cue to foraging in three-dimensions. Penguins commuted east and south of their colony likely predicting the occurrence of cool nutrient rich waters from a periodic upwelling cell. Penguins departed in the early morning travelling towards these areas, maximizing the time they foraged during the day in cooler waters with a higher probability of containing prey patches. Penguins used a correlated random search strategy during foraging suggesting that these birds were continuously searching for prey, and it is therefore likely that penguins are limited by the patchy distribution of prey rather than a heterogeneous marine environment. When diving, penguins’ utilized thermoclines as either a potential cue to prey or by association, as their prey may be scattered around thermoclines. Penguins dived deeper foraging below the thermocline when the thermocline depth increased and also responded in their dive behaviour under different thermocline structures. For instance, when thermoclines were a diffuse barrier to nutrients and less likely to concentrate prey, birds dived deeper towards the benthos. Warm water intrusions into the bay from the Agulhas Current resulted in birds diving deeper in search of cooler bottom waters. This research also demonstrates the dual utility of bio-loggers as a method for generating accurate, high-resolution oceanographic data. These data can be used in future studies, generating a cross disciplinary platform for research. This thesis augments our knowledge base of the African Penguin. African Penguins show flexibility in their foraging behaviour by adjusting their dive behaviour to subsurface thermal structures. Penguins also demonstrated foraging optimization by using temperature cues and behavioral switching to maximize the probability of locating prey patches on a fine temporal and spatial scale. ""</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"MSc Thesis RB van Eeden - Foraging ecology of the African Penguin in relation to ocean physical processes","attachmentId":32197864,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4941437/MSc_Thesis_RB_van_Eeden_Foraging_ecology_of_the_African_Penguin_in_relation_to_ocean_physical_processes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4941437/MSc_Thesis_RB_van_Eeden_Foraging_ecology_of_the_African_Penguin_in_relation_to_ocean_physical_processes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":42381091,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":42381091,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_42381091" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="92768963" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92768963/Metapopulation_Tracking_Juvenile_Penguins_Reveals_an_Ecosystem_wide_Ecological_Trap">Metapopulation Tracking Juvenile Penguins Reveals an Ecosystem-wide Ecological Trap</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22676" href="https://uct.academia.edu/LesUnderhill">Les Underhill</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Current biology : CB, 2017</p><div 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