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class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-165" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-168" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/equine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-171" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item 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main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-198" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-201" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-204" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-207" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-465" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-483" >Forages</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forages</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-483"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-648" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-651" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-657" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-585" >Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-597" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-600" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-603" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-675" >Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-675"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2431" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Aquatic Plants and Algae</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2431"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-828" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-831" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-837" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2434" >Christmas Trees</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Christmas Trees</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2434"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-909" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li 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data-content-type="products" data-appearance="featured-product" data-product-image-visibility="visible" data-product-actions-visibility="visible" data-product-description-visibility="visible" data-element="main"> <div class="featured-product-item default"><div class="featured-product-item-info product-item-info"><div class="featured-product-item-image"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/perennial-forages-common-to-the-mid-atlantic-region" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-6195-6748f39780abb"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/a/4a77d01793e1ff1f183cce6ce26ac902.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=480&width=720&canvas=720:480&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/a/4a77d01793e1ff1f183cce6ce26ac902.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=480&width=720&canvas=720:480&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/a/4a77d01793e1ff1f183cce6ce26ac902.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=480&width=720&canvas=720:480" loading="lazy" width="720" height="480" alt="Perennial Forages Common to the Mid-Atlantic Region"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-61956748f39780abb { width: 720px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 720 / 480; } .product-image-container-61956748f39780abb span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-61956748f39780abb span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a></div><div class="featured-product-item-details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="808"></span> Guides and Publications</div> <h2 class="featured-product-item-name product-item-name"><a title="Perennial Forages Common to the Mid-Atlantic Region" href="https://extension.psu.edu/perennial-forages-common-to-the-mid-atlantic-region">Perennial Forages Common to the Mid-Atlantic Region</a></h2><div class="featured-product-item-description">A guide to forage crop identification, adaptation, and management.</div><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/perennial-forages-common-to-the-mid-atlantic-region" class="product-item-link">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="E3SOC77"><div data-content-type="divider" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><hr data-element="line" data-pb-style="HVSP5G6"></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="OFJQLAG"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-grid-title="Latest News" data-grid-link="/forage-and-food-crops/forages/see-all-forages?education_format=News" data-grid-link-text="See All News" data-appearance="linked-product-grid-small" data-element="main"> <div class="block widget block-products-list grid"> <div class="title-with-link"><h2>Latest News</h2><a href="/forage-and-food-crops/forages/see-all-forages?education_format=News" title="See All News">See All News</a></div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="small-products-grid grid"><ol class="product-items widget-product-grid"> <li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/penn-state-agronomy-highlights-podcast-in-third-season" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-66472-6748f397aac24"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/1/5195465ad6b127eb3275bdfcd4875677.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/1/5195465ad6b127eb3275bdfcd4875677.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/1/5195465ad6b127eb3275bdfcd4875677.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Agronomy Highlights can be found on all major podcast platforms."></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-664726748f397aac24 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-664726748f397aac24 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-664726748f397aac24 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Penn State Agronomy Highlights Podcast in Third Season" href="https://extension.psu.edu/penn-state-agronomy-highlights-podcast-in-third-season" class="product-item-link">Penn State Agronomy Highlights Podcast in Third Season</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/introducing-novagraz-for-weed-control-in-grass-forages" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-66436-6748f397ab6ba"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/f/cf8cbf454e88a95191e54ab6b9e940ed.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/f/cf8cbf454e88a95191e54ab6b9e940ed.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/f/cf8cbf454e88a95191e54ab6b9e940ed.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Problem weeds in a pasture setting. (Source: Penn State Extension)"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-664366748f397ab6ba { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-664366748f397ab6ba span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-664366748f397ab6ba span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Introducing NovaGraz for Weed Control in Grass Forages" href="https://extension.psu.edu/introducing-novagraz-for-weed-control-in-grass-forages" class="product-item-link">Introducing NovaGraz for Weed Control in Grass Forages</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/drought-and-fire-danger-update-for-november-2024" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-66424-6748f397acf69"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/d/4d50d2c53a3e1ad62d4db9f4843abd88.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/d/4d50d2c53a3e1ad62d4db9f4843abd88.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/d/4d50d2c53a3e1ad62d4db9f4843abd88.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Soybean field stunted by limited rainfall and beginning to senesce in early September. Credit: Leanna Duppstadt, Penn State Extension"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-664246748f397acf69 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-664246748f397acf69 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-664246748f397acf69 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Drought and Fire Danger Update for November 2024" href="https://extension.psu.edu/drought-and-fire-danger-update-for-november-2024" class="product-item-link">Drought and Fire Danger Update for November 2024</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/2024-corn-silage-dry-down-update-completed" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-64909-6748f397adf40"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/0/501b5a487efe2a842a74a9a61ca16c15_3.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/0/501b5a487efe2a842a74a9a61ca16c15_3.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/0/501b5a487efe2a842a74a9a61ca16c15_3.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="2024 Corn Silage Dry-Down Update: Completed"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-649096748f397adf40 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-649096748f397adf40 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-649096748f397adf40 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="2024 Corn Silage Dry-Down Update: Completed" href="https://extension.psu.edu/2024-corn-silage-dry-down-update-completed" class="product-item-link">2024 Corn Silage Dry-Down Update: Completed</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/herbicides-for-fencerows-and-farmsteads" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-64699-6748f397af352"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/2/921f1d796c0d5e88571ed4d8847b200a.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/2/921f1d796c0d5e88571ed4d8847b200a.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/2/921f1d796c0d5e88571ed4d8847b200a.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Fencerows and farm buildings. (Penn State Weed Science, D. Lingenfelter)"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-646996748f397af352 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-646996748f397af352 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-646996748f397af352 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Herbicides for Fencerows and Farmsteads" href="https://extension.psu.edu/herbicides-for-fencerows-and-farmsteads" class="product-item-link">Herbicides for Fencerows and Farmsteads</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/corn-silage-dry-down-update-week-of-september-9-2024" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-64696-6748f397afdb0"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/0/501b5a487efe2a842a74a9a61ca16c15_2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/0/501b5a487efe2a842a74a9a61ca16c15_2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/0/501b5a487efe2a842a74a9a61ca16c15_2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Corn Silage Dry Down Update: Week of September 9, 2024"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-646966748f397afdb0 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-646966748f397afdb0 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-646966748f397afdb0 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Corn Silage Dry Down Update: Week of September 9, 2024" href="https://extension.psu.edu/corn-silage-dry-down-update-week-of-september-9-2024" class="product-item-link">Corn Silage Dry Down Update: Week of September 9, 2024</a></h5></div></div></li> </ol></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="ATO3YV0"><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=Q67REMX],#html-body [data-pb-style=QP4SLHA]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;margin:0;padding:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=QP4SLHA]{width:58.3333%;padding:20px 20px 0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=V84QD1R]{padding-bottom:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=MVMEH4S]{margin-bottom:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=M2PDHRG]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;width:41.6667%;margin:0;padding:0;align-self:stretch}</style><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> .optin { border-top: #e98300 4px solid !important; background-color: #f6f8fc !important; margin: 20px 0px 20px 0px !imporant; } .l2Form { width: 90% !important; margin: 20px 20px 20px 20px; display: block; } #l2button { margin: 20px 20px -20px 20px !important; display: block; background-color: #329BE1 !important; padding: 8px 16px; color: #FFFFFF; border: none; } .signup .optin { clear: both; } .signup .optin h2 { display: none; } .optin img { display: none; } .signup .optin img { width: 100%; max-width: 500px !important; margin: 20px 0; display: block; } .optin .video-outer-wrapper { display: none; } .signup .optin .video-outer-wrapper { max-width: 100%; margin: 2em 0; display: block; } .signup .optin .video-inner-wrapper { position:relative; padding-bottom:56.25%; } .signup .optin .video-inner-wrapper iframe { position:absolute; top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:100%; border: none; } </style></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="optin" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="Q67REMX"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" style="display: flex;" data-content-type="column-group" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="QP4SLHA"><h2 data-content-type="heading" data-appearance="default" data-element="main">Stay connected with the Field and Forage Crops Team!</h2><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="V84QD1R"><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">Sign-up to receive news, upcoming event information, and their weekly newsletter.</span></p></div><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="MVMEH4S"><p>Extension field and forage crop experts provide educational resources including news, articles, videos, events, and demonstrations on topics that matter most. Topics include small grains, cover crops, forages, industrial hemp, soil health, pest and diseases, and more.</p></div><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><p>By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. <a href="https://www.psu.edu/web-privacy-statement/">View our privacy policy</a>.</p></div><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><div class="video-outer-wrapper"> <div class="video-inner-wrapper"> <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8espAAVd9P4"></iframe> </div> </div></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="M2PDHRG"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><form action="https://cl.exct.net/DEManager.aspx" name="subscribeForm1" method="post" style="text-align:left;display:inline;" onsubmit="myButton.disabled = true; return true;"> <input type="hidden" name="_clientID" value="7234940"> <input type="hidden" name="_deExternalKey" value="5pxtuxeklvh6gehitnx0lv5311v2"> <input type="hidden" name="_action" value="add"> <input type="hidden" name="_returnXML" value="0"> <input type="hidden" name="_successURL" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="_errorURL" value=""> <input name="urlSource" id="urlSource" value="" type="hidden"> <input name="TimeStamp" id="TimeStamp" value="" type="hidden"> <input name="TimeStampNew" id="TimeStampNew" value="" type="hidden"> <input type="hidden" name="AgronomicCrops" value="True" checked> <input type="hidden" name="CoverCrops" value="True" checked> <input type="hidden" name="CommercialHempProduction" value="True" checked> <input type="hidden" name="Forages" value="True" checked> <input class="l2Form" id="FirstName" type="text" name="FirstName" placeholder="First Name" required> <input class="l2Form" id="LastName" type="text" name="LastName" placeholder="Last Name" required> <input class="l2Form" id="emailInput" type="email" name="E-mail" placeholder="Email Address" required> <input class="l2Form" type="text" id="popupInput2" name="ZipCode" placeholder="Postal code" required maxlength="20"> <input id="l2button" type="submit" name="myButton" value="Sign up today!" class="button"><br><br> </form> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="CQNXIXR"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-appearance="carousel" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay-speed="4000" data-infinite-loop="false" data-show-arrows="true" data-show-dots="false" data-carousel-mode="default" data-grid-title="Featured Articles" data-slides-to-show="3" data-slides-to-scroll="1" data-center-padding="90px" data-element="main"> <div class="block-top-wrapper"><h2 class="block-title">Featured Articles</h2><div class="widget-navigation"></div></div><div class="products wrapper products-grid grid"><div class="product-items widget-product-carousel"> <div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pasture-species-selection-by-animal-group" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-28360-6748f397db722"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/e/7ef27e17d590706cf9bd36cf06acd27c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/e/7ef27e17d590706cf9bd36cf06acd27c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/e/7ef27e17d590706cf9bd36cf06acd27c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Cattle Grazing in June"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-283606748f397db722 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-283606748f397db722 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-283606748f397db722 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Pasture Species Selection by Animal Group" href="https://extension.psu.edu/pasture-species-selection-by-animal-group" class="product-item-link">Pasture Species Selection by Animal Group</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Nicole Santangelo Thompson, David Hartman</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Pasture renovation and reseeding decisions must be based on type of stock grazing. Matching forage species, varieties and growth to forage needs of livestock is critical to reducing use of stored or purchased feeds.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/hay-and-pasture-restoration-renovation-seeding" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-25781-6748f3981b257"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f328792e126b0af5be10b6103b630dc1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f328792e126b0af5be10b6103b630dc1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f328792e126b0af5be10b6103b630dc1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Determining whether a forage stand should be restored or renovated is the first step in successful forage management. Photo Credit: Jessica Williamson"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-257816748f3981b257 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-257816748f3981b257 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-257816748f3981b257 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Hay and Pasture Restoration / Renovation: Seeding" href="https://extension.psu.edu/hay-and-pasture-restoration-renovation-seeding" class="product-item-link">Hay and Pasture Restoration / Renovation: Seeding</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Jessica A. Williamson, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The decision of whether a pasture or hay field should be destroyed and renovated or simply restored depends on management goals and the current condition of the area.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-variety-trials-reports" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-13636-6748f3982c9d9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/0/e09dfd9f032d4364e26fc3da9d3172cf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/0/e09dfd9f032d4364e26fc3da9d3172cf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/0/e09dfd9f032d4364e26fc3da9d3172cf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Forage Variety Trials Reports"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-136366748f3982c9d9 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-136366748f3982c9d9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-136366748f3982c9d9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Forage Variety Trials Reports" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-variety-trials-reports" class="product-item-link">Forage Variety Trials Reports</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Guojie Wang, Marvin Hall, Ph.D., Tyler Rice</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The Forage Variety Trials Report summarizes performance data collected from ongoing forage trials at two site locations in Pennsylvania.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/baleage-an-opportunity-for-high-quality-first-cutting-hay" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3847-6748f3986e625"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/c/acf93c07b555161049ed346c03e57b95.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/c/acf93c07b555161049ed346c03e57b95.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/c/acf93c07b555161049ed346c03e57b95.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Baleage – An Opportunity for High Quality First-Cutting Hay"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-38476748f3986e625 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-38476748f3986e625 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-38476748f3986e625 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Baleage – An Opportunity for High Quality First-Cutting Hay" href="https://extension.psu.edu/baleage-an-opportunity-for-high-quality-first-cutting-hay" class="product-item-link">Baleage – An Opportunity for High Quality First-Cutting Hay</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Jessica A. Williamson, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Wrapping wet bales for baleage could help to ensure your hay fields are harvested at the correct stage of maturity.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/tips-for-preventing-pasture-bloat" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3383-6748f39870808"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1755.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1755.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1755.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Tips For Preventing Pasture Bloat"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-33836748f39870808 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-33836748f39870808 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-33836748f39870808 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Tips For Preventing Pasture Bloat" href="https://extension.psu.edu/tips-for-preventing-pasture-bloat" class="product-item-link">Tips For Preventing Pasture Bloat</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Pasture bloat is primarily a problem of cattle that graze pastures where legumes make up greater than 50% of the total forage.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-management-calendar" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3348-6748f3987289a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1728.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1728.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_1728.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Forage Management Calendar"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-33486748f3987289a { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-33486748f3987289a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-33486748f3987289a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Forage Management Calendar" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-management-calendar" class="product-item-link">Forage Management Calendar</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Forage management recommendations for each month of the year.</div> </div></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="PSDVW4I"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-appearance="carousel" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay-speed="4000" data-infinite-loop="false" data-show-arrows="true" data-show-dots="false" data-carousel-mode="default" data-grid-title="Latest Research" data-slides-to-show="3" data-slides-to-scroll="1" data-center-padding="90px" data-element="main"> <div class="block-top-wrapper"><h2 class="block-title">Latest Research</h2><div class="widget-navigation"></div></div><div class="products wrapper products-grid grid"><div class="product-items widget-product-carousel"> <div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/perennial-forages-common-to-the-mid-atlantic-region" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-6195-6748f398a4b87"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/a/4a77d01793e1ff1f183cce6ce26ac902.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/a/4a77d01793e1ff1f183cce6ce26ac902.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/a/4a77d01793e1ff1f183cce6ce26ac902.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Perennial Forages Common to the Mid-Atlantic Region"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-61956748f398a4b87 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-61956748f398a4b87 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-61956748f398a4b87 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="808"></span> Guides and Publications</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Perennial Forages Common to the Mid-Atlantic Region" href="https://extension.psu.edu/perennial-forages-common-to-the-mid-atlantic-region" class="product-item-link">Perennial Forages Common to the Mid-Atlantic Region</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Marvin Hall, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">A guide to forage crop identification, adaptation, and management.</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="6195" data-price-box="product-id-6195"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee"> <span id="old-price-6195-widget-product-carousel" data-price-amount="10" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper "><span class="price">$10.00</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="KC1A8X3"><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=AYUUEJC],#html-body [data-pb-style=UQD4TWC]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;margin:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=AYUUEJC]{background-color:#f6f8fc;border-color:#72a4a1;border-width:4px;padding:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=UQD4TWC]{width:83.3333%;padding:0 20px;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=VP1US9H]{padding-top:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=Y1N9WXM]{margin-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=LFTVTGT]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;width:16.6667%;margin:0;padding:0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=SNRKXP9]{padding:20px 20px 20px 0;border-style:none}#html-body [data-pb-style=CXIYDBE],#html-body [data-pb-style=F8NBYNW]{max-width:100%;height:auto}@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { #html-body [data-pb-style=SNRKXP9]{border-style:none} }</style><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> .expert-border{border-top:#5c9b96 4px solid;} </style></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="expert-border" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="AYUUEJC"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"></div><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" style="display: flex;" data-content-type="column-group" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="UQD4TWC"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="VP1US9H"><h3><span style="font-size: 36px; line-height: 36px;">Your Challenges, Our Expertise</span></h3></div><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><p><span style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px;">Connect with us for the latest research-based knowledge and hands-on know-how. Find experts who will work with you in person or online to answer questions, solve problems, and seize opportunities.</span></p></div><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="Y1N9WXM" data-decoded="true"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/experts" class="experts-link"><span>Meet The Experts</span></a></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="LFTVTGT"><figure class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" data-content-type="image" data-appearance="full-width" data-element="main" data-pb-style="SNRKXP9"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/Meet_the_Experts_bigstock-409918480.png" alt="" title="" data-element="desktop_image" data-pb-style="F8NBYNW"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-only" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/Meet_the_Experts_bigstock-409918480.png" alt="" title="" data-element="mobile_image" data-pb-style="CXIYDBE"></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="VU3WRN6"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-grid-title="Resources and Programs" data-appearance="read-more-product-grid" data-element="main"> <div class="block widget block-products-list grid"> <div class="title-with-link"><h2>Resources and Programs</h2></div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="read-more-products-grid grid"><ol class="product-items widget-product-grid">  <li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory" href="https://agsci.psu.edu/aasl" class="product-item-link">Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>AASL provides a wide range of testing programs for soils, water, plants, biosolids, and other agricultural materials.</div></div><a href="https://agsci.psu.edu/aasl" class="product-item-link">Read More</a>  </li><li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Pennsylvania Women's Agricultural Network" href="https://agsci.psu.edu/wagn" class="product-item-link">Pennsylvania Women's Agricultural Network</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>PA-WAgN supports women in agriculture by providing positive learning environments, networking, and empowerment opportunities.</div></div><a href="https://agsci.psu.edu/wagn" class="product-item-link">Read More</a> </li> </ol></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="ICVB6OV"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"></div></div></div></div> <div id="ajaxlogin-popup" data-bind="scope:'ajaxLogin'" style="display: none;"></div><input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="wFjsUYS5MGujpZIo" /> <div id="authenticationPopup" data-bind="scope:'authenticationPopup', style: {display: 'none'}">  </div> <div class="category-description"><p>Forage crops are crops on which animals graze independently – they are grown specifically to be grazed by livestock or conserved as hay or silage.</p> <p>Use Penn State Extension’s comprehensive range of resources to increase your knowledge of forage crops and pasture management. Increase your expertise in various forage crops such as alfalfa, wheat, sorghum, hay, and more. Learn how forage crops can improve soil quality and how to manage pests and diseases.</p> <h2>What Are Forage Crops?</h2> <p>When it comes to feeding livestock, farmers have two options to choose from, one of which is forage crops. Forage crops provide feed for grazing animals or you can harvest them for feeding.</p> <p>Forage crops can also have a purpose alongside animal feed, as they can aid in land conservation, reduce the weed population, and prevent soil erosion. Forages play an important role in sustainable agriculture, as well.</p> <p>There are many <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties">different species of forage crops</a> to choose from, but we can categorize them into the following main types.</p> <h3>Annual Forage Crops</h3> <p>Producers generally use annual forage crops for mid- to late- summer forage production. They include sudangrass, forage sorghums, sudangrass-sorghum hybrids, millets, oats, spring triticales, winter wheat, barley, and rye.</p> <h3>Perennial Legumes Forage Crops</h3> <p>Legumes grown for forages have taproots and broad, compound leaves arranged alternatively on the stem. Legumes produce higher quantities of protein than grasses. Perennial legumes include alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, kura clover, white clover, sweet clover, alsike clover, and red clover.</p> <h3>Perennial Grasses</h3> <p>Perennial grasses have long, slender leaves. Their roots are very fibrous, which helps bind the soil together and reduce erosion. Perennial grasses include timothy, smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, orchardgrass, reed canarygrass, tall fescue, meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass.</p> <h3>Forage Brassica Crops</h3> <p>You can grow brassica crops in many different locations, including soils that may not be suitable for other forage crops. Brassica species include fodder kale, fodder rape, swede, and turnip.</p> <p>The other option for livestock farmers is to use fodder crops. They plant fodder crops with the specific intention of providing livestock feed and regulate the nutrient intake.</p> <p>Fodder crops include some grasses but are typically cereal crops such as oats, wheat, and corn. One advantage of fodder crops is that they can survive with less water, making them perfect for drought conditions or in arid areas. They are, however, better suited as livestock feed for smaller animals such as goats, poultry, and pigs.</p> <h2>How to Choose Forage Crops</h2> <p>You want to choose crops that are best suited to your needs. There are several important factors that can influence your decision. The performance of forage crops varies, depending on environmental conditions and location. There are, for example, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/perennial-forages-common-to-the-mid-atlantic-region">perennial forages common to the Mid-Atlantic region</a>. There’s also the issue that no single forage crop or variety performs well in all conditions.</p> <p>The <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-penn-state-agronomy-guide">Penn State Agronomy Guide</a> is a good source of information on crop and soil management, including varieties of crops.</p> <p>The first factor to consider is whether a forage crop is suitable for your needs. Are you planting it for pasture or hay? You also need to consider the expected longevity of the planting site. You might need <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/summer-annual-grasses-for-supplemental-or-emergency-forage">annual forage crops</a> that can be used to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/need-forage-try-annual-crops">supplement feedstocks</a>.</p> <p>Other factors that can affect the suitability of a forage species include tolerance to drought, soil drainage, fertilizer nutrient requirements, the pH level of the soil, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/consider-adding-deer-resistant-forages-to-this-years-cropping-plan">deer-resistance</a>, and whether you plan to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/grains-and-forages">harvest and store the crops</a> or graze them. Forages such as brassica crops can be used to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/use-of-brassica-crops-to-extend-the-grazing-season">extend the grazing season</a>.</p> <h2>Pasture Planning and Management</h2> <p>Pasture planning and management play an important role in forage crop production. There are several common components if you want to successfully manage your forage systems; one of the most important is <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/collecting-a-forage-sample-and-interpreting-the-analysis">sampling</a>, recording, and using all the information available to better manage your operations.</p> <p>You should have a plan for what your grazing systems will look like. Different forage crops are more suitable for certain times of the year. A <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spring-pasture-management-tips">spring pasture management plan</a> might include overseeding legumes to reduce dependence on expensive fertilizers. In the fall, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/fall-pasture-and-grazing-management">careful management of pastures</a> is essential for the over-wintering of forages. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/plant-diversity-to-extend-the-grazing-season">Livestock producers can extend the grazing season</a> with careful use of diverse forage crops.</p> <p>Weeds can be a problem when growing forage crops. Being able to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/weed-identification-and-management-in-pastures">identify them and know how to manage them</a> is a vital skill to learn.</p> <p>Penn State Extension’s <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-management-calendar">Forage Management Calendar</a> provides forage management recommendations for each month of the year.</p> <h2>Forage Harvest, Haylage, and Silage</h2> <p><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting">Forage harvesting</a> begins with the cutting of fresh forage. Mowers, mower-conditioners, or windrowers are generally used. The speed of harvesting has a huge effect on the time spent and the cost of the operation. Forage producers are continually looking for ways to speed up the process, including the time it takes to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/haylage-in-a-day">dry down forage crops such as hay</a>.</p> <p>There are several different ways to store harvested forage crops. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/determining-forage-dry-matter">Dry matter</a> can be in bales of different shapes and sizes, or you can store it as <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/from-harvest-to-feed-understanding-silage-management">silage</a>. Careful planning is necessary to efficiently produce, harvest, and store silage.</p> <p>Being able to produce high-quality forage crops is fundamental for livestock producers. It’s possible to check the quality of your forage crops and scientists are continually refining the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-quality-testing-why-how-and-where">forage testing and analysis process</a>.</p> <p>In this section, find all the necessary information for selecting, growing, and harvesting forage crops, as well as advice on forage pest and disease, soil management, and more.</p></div> </div><div class="sidebar sidebar-main"> <div class="block filter level2" id="layered-filter-block" data-mage-init=' { "collapsible": { "openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": false, "collateral": { "openedState": "filter-active", "element": "body" } } }'><div class="block-title filter-title"><strong data-role="title">Select a category</strong></div><div class="block-content filter-content content"><strong role="heading" aria-level="2" class="subtitle block-subtitle filter-subtitle">Narrow By:</strong> <div class="options filter-options collapsible-menu" 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> <span class="count">39</span></li> <li class="item "><a title ="Pests and Diseases" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" >Pests and Diseases</a> <span class="count">46</span></li> <li class="item "><a title ="Weed Management" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" >Weed Management</a> <span class="count">34</span></li> <li class="item "><a title ="Organic Production" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" >Organic Production</a> <span class="count">6</span></li> <li class="item "><a title ="Sustainable Agriculture" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> <span class="count">20</span></li> <li class="item "><a title ="Personal Safety" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" >Personal Safety</a> <span class="count">22</span></li> <li class="item "><a title ="Business Management" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" >Business Management</a> <span class="count">15</span></li> <li class="item view-all"><a title ="See All Forages" href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/see-all-forages" >See All Forages</a> <span class="count">302</span></li> </ol></div> <div class="sidebar-attributes__wrapper collapsible-menu"><div data-role="collapsible" class="filter-options-item"><span class="sidebar-attribute__title filter-options-title" data-role="title">Education Format</span> <div data-role="content"><ul class="sidebar-attributes__list" data-role="collapsible"> <li> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/see-all-forages?education_format=Articles">Articles</a></li> <li> <a 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height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-58626748f399303b5 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-58626748f399303b5 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="808"></span> Guides and Publications</div> <strong class="product-item-name"><a title="Mid-Atlantic Field Crop Weed Management Guide" href="https://extension.psu.edu/mid-atlantic-field-crop-weed-management-guide" class="product-item-link">Mid-Atlantic Field Crop Weed Management Guide</a></strong> <div class="product-short-description">Get strategies and peruse herbicide tables for managing weeds in corn, sorghum, soybeans, small grains, and forages.</div></div></div></li> </ol></div></div></div><div class="category-bottom-content"> </div><div class="before-page-footer"> <div 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