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main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-198" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-201" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-204" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-207" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-465" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-483" >Forages</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forages</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-483"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-648" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-651" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-657" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-585" >Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-597" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-600" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-603" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-675" >Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-675"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2431" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Aquatic Plants and Algae</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2431"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-828" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-831" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-837" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2434" >Christmas Trees</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Christmas Trees</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2434"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-909" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinator-services-in-tree-fruit-cucurbit-and-strawberry-production" class="product-item-link">Read More</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="G2HNV8D"><div data-content-type="divider" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><hr data-element="line" data-pb-style="X7P0S9H"></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="C9N6A8M"><div 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srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/8/983620a103aef0e70186410d4e3daadb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/8/983620a103aef0e70186410d4e3daadb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/8/983620a103aef0e70186410d4e3daadb.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Dr. Heather Grab"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-64234674891a0a66ec { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-64234674891a0a66ec span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-64234674891a0a66ec span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div 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height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-58753674891a0d9e11 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-58753674891a0d9e11 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Virus en abejas de miel" href="https://extension.psu.edu/virus-en-abejas-de-miel" class="product-item-link">Virus en abejas de miel</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Christina Grozinger, Ph.D., Robyn Underwood, Ph.D., Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Las abejas de miel pueden ser infectadas por una gran variedad de virus. Sin embargo, si la colonia está en buen estado de salud y no experimenta estrés crónico, la mayoría de estas infecciones virales no son problemáticas.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/manejo-de-abejas-de-miel-a-traves-de-las-estaciones" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-56037-674891a11fb1b"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/7/a7a39e2d2d0a03160510eb17b8cfc7e2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/7/a7a39e2d2d0a03160510eb17b8cfc7e2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/7/a7a39e2d2d0a03160510eb17b8cfc7e2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figura 1. A medida que aumenta la temperatura y florecen las plantas de primavera, las abejas comenzarán a buscar néctar y polen. Foto: Kate Anton, Pensilvania"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-56037674891a11fb1b { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-56037674891a11fb1b span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-56037674891a11fb1b span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Manejo de abejas de miel a través de las estaciones" href="https://extension.psu.edu/manejo-de-abejas-de-miel-a-traves-de-las-estaciones" class="product-item-link">Manejo de abejas de miel a través de las estaciones</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Kate Anton, Christina Grozinger, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">En Pensilvania, el estilo de vida de las colonias de abejas melíferas está estrechamente relacionado con las estaciones debido a la alta variabilidad en la disponibilidad de plantas, temperatura, y precipitación.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/milkweed-isnt-only-for-monarchs" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-48898-674891a12f374"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/a/6aaf83e479c2161b2c8cee29d2a4cc14.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/a/6aaf83e479c2161b2c8cee29d2a4cc14.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/a/6aaf83e479c2161b2c8cee29d2a4cc14.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo: Jack Meyer, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-48898674891a12f374 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-48898674891a12f374 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-48898674891a12f374 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Milkweed Isn't Only for Monarchs" href="https://extension.psu.edu/milkweed-isnt-only-for-monarchs" class="product-item-link">Milkweed Isn't Only for Monarchs</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">A glimpse into the bustling milkweed insect community.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollination-of-blueberry-crops-in-pennsylvania" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-36464-674891a12fd21"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a8b14ac069092e84be84db52c0ba30e3.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a8b14ac069092e84be84db52c0ba30e3.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a8b14ac069092e84be84db52c0ba30e3.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo: Margarita M. López-Uribe, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-36464674891a12fd21 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-36464674891a12fd21 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-36464674891a12fd21 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Pollination of Blueberry Crops in Pennsylvania" href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollination-of-blueberry-crops-in-pennsylvania" class="product-item-link">Pollination of Blueberry Crops in Pennsylvania</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D., Kathy Demchak, Shelby Fleischer, Ph.D., Sydney Bird, Isabella Pettita, Nash Turley</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is a high-value and economically important fruit crop native to Pennsylvania and Eastern North America. Nationally, the total value of the blueberry crop was $797 million in 2018 (USDA NASS).</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-bumble-bee-lifestyle" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-35153-674891a154846"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f306515c941e1141427b98d6ef3ad41b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f306515c941e1141427b98d6ef3ad41b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f306515c941e1141427b98d6ef3ad41b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1. This bumble bee is storing pollen wetted with nectar (Thorp 1979) in specialized, paired pollen baskets, which are located on their hind legs. Image: Anna Cressman, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-35153674891a154846 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-35153674891a154846 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-35153674891a154846 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="The Bumble Bee Lifestyle" href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-bumble-bee-lifestyle" class="product-item-link">The Bumble Bee Lifestyle</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Natalie Boyle, Anna Cressman, Etya Amsalem</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Bumble bees are essential insects that pollinate many of the fruits, nuts and seeds we eat every day.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/cucumber-pollination" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-33988-674891a15e677"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/0/203d828fcb68637d6ca17a1022e8c50c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/0/203d828fcb68637d6ca17a1022e8c50c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/0/203d828fcb68637d6ca17a1022e8c50c.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Photo: Tom Ford, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-33988674891a15e677 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-33988674891a15e677 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-33988674891a15e677 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Cucumber Pollination" href="https://extension.psu.edu/cucumber-pollination" class="product-item-link">Cucumber Pollination</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Shelby Fleischer, Ph.D., Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Cucumbers are native to Asia but are currently grown around the globe.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/common-social-bees-and-wasps-of-pennsylvania-behavior-lifecycle-and-management" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-33320-674891a15f792"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/1/b1e1bcf1bbf7971f283e1e1bf7132763.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/1/b1e1bcf1bbf7971f283e1e1bf7132763.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/1/b1e1bcf1bbf7971f283e1e1bf7132763.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Bald-faced hornets have striking white markings on their faces. Photo: Michael Brattenberg"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-33320674891a15f792 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-33320674891a15f792 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-33320674891a15f792 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Common Social Bees and Wasps of Pennsylvania: Behavior, Lifecycle, and Management" href="https://extension.psu.edu/common-social-bees-and-wasps-of-pennsylvania-behavior-lifecycle-and-management" class="product-item-link">Common Social Bees and Wasps of Pennsylvania: Behavior, Lifecycle, and Management</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Kate Anton, Christina Grozinger, Ph.D., Natalie Boyle</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Social organisms live together in groups and interact with others of the same species; humans, wolves, and several species of bees and wasps are examples of social organisms.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-eastern-carpenter-bee-beneficial-pollinator-or-unwelcome-houseguest" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-32767-674891a160504"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/7/4797ad90faaeabe3f9c3a11fcc1902c1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/7/4797ad90faaeabe3f9c3a11fcc1902c1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/7/4797ad90faaeabe3f9c3a11fcc1902c1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Geographic range of the eastern carpenter bee (green) Image: Melanie Allen Kammerer"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-32767674891a160504 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-32767674891a160504 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-32767674891a160504 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="The Eastern Carpenter Bee: Beneficial Pollinator or Unwelcome Houseguest?" href="https://extension.psu.edu/the-eastern-carpenter-bee-beneficial-pollinator-or-unwelcome-houseguest" class="product-item-link">The Eastern Carpenter Bee: Beneficial Pollinator or Unwelcome Houseguest?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Kate Anton, Christina Grozinger, Ph.D., Natalie Boyle</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The eastern carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica, is a native pollinator found throughout eastern North America, as far south as Florida and Texas and north into Maine and southern Canada.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/queen-cell-production-grafting-and-graft-free-methods" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-28992-674891a162e72"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/a/7a6bec82ad949793e8c836bcb3395c0b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/a/7a6bec82ad949793e8c836bcb3395c0b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/a/7a6bec82ad949793e8c836bcb3395c0b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1. A capped queen cell and nurse bee. Photo: Kate Anton, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-28992674891a162e72 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-28992674891a162e72 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-28992674891a162e72 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Queen Cell Production: Grafting and Graft-Free Methods" href="https://extension.psu.edu/queen-cell-production-grafting-and-graft-free-methods" class="product-item-link">Queen Cell Production: Grafting and Graft-Free Methods</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Kate Anton, Christina Grozinger, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Queen production allows beekeepers greater autonomy and independence, enabling individuals to better meet the goals of honey production, pollination, colony production, and genetic selection.</div> </div></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="HW7JCHV"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-appearance="carousel" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay-speed="4000" data-infinite-loop="false" data-show-arrows="true" data-show-dots="false" data-carousel-mode="default" data-grid-title="Getting Started" data-slides-to-show="3" data-slides-to-scroll="1" data-center-padding="90px" data-element="main"> <div class="block-top-wrapper"><h2 class="block-title">Getting Started</h2><div class="widget-navigation"></div></div><div class="products wrapper products-grid grid"><div class="product-items widget-product-carousel"> <div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/apicultura-como-empezar" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-56034-674891a18840e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/2/02c280b6176f348ab5a83598dbbc45ba.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/2/02c280b6176f348ab5a83598dbbc45ba.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/2/02c280b6176f348ab5a83598dbbc45ba.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Apicultura, ¿cómo empezar?"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-56034674891a18840e { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-56034674891a18840e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-56034674891a18840e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Apicultura, ¿cómo empezar?" href="https://extension.psu.edu/apicultura-como-empezar" class="product-item-link">Apicultura, ¿cómo empezar?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Margarita López-Uribe, Ph.D., Katy Ciola Evans</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">La apicultura es una actividad nueva y apasionante para muchas personas.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/honey-bee-management-throughout-the-seasons" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-37384-674891a189f8b"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/3/c3e6e4b4c11ca1ef50bc76b5d0ffaba2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/3/c3e6e4b4c11ca1ef50bc76b5d0ffaba2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/c/3/c3e6e4b4c11ca1ef50bc76b5d0ffaba2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1. As outdoor temperatures rise and spring flowers bloom, bees will begin foraging for nectar and pollen. Photo: Kate Anton, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-37384674891a189f8b { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-37384674891a189f8b span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-37384674891a189f8b span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Honey Bee Management Throughout the Seasons" href="https://extension.psu.edu/honey-bee-management-throughout-the-seasons" class="product-item-link">Honey Bee Management Throughout the Seasons</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Christina Grozinger, Ph.D., Kate Anton</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The honey bee colony lifestyle is closely linked to the seasons when the availability of flowering plants, temperature, and precipitation vary dramatically.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/installing-packaged-bees" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-25984-674891a18b924"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_4318.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_4318.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_4318.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Installing Packaged Bees"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-25984674891a18b924 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-25984674891a18b924 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-25984674891a18b924 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Installing Packaged Bees" href="https://extension.psu.edu/installing-packaged-bees" class="product-item-link">Installing Packaged Bees</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Kathleen Ciola Evans</span></div> <div class="attribute length"><span class="label">Length </span><span class="value">10:39</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">View this video to learn how to install bees.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/beekeeping-basics" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5685-674891a19e13a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/1/e1b40e107461a255a5b43eca4bee87a6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/1/e1b40e107461a255a5b43eca4bee87a6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/e/1/e1b40e107461a255a5b43eca4bee87a6.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Beekeeping Basics"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5685674891a19e13a { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5685674891a19e13a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5685674891a19e13a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="808"></span> Guides and Publications</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Beekeeping Basics" href="https://extension.psu.edu/beekeeping-basics" class="product-item-link">Beekeeping Basics</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Maryann Frazier</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Become a successful beekeeper by learning about honey bee biology and how to manage bee colonies in this publication.</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="5685" data-price-box="product-id-5685"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee"> <span class="price-label">Starting At</span> <span id="old-price-5685-widget-product-carousel" data-price-amount="8.5" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper ">$8.50</span> </span> </div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/beekeeping-101" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4871-674891a1bd421"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/9/b988de58c8b497f6a2ea2c19a80857f5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/9/b988de58c8b497f6a2ea2c19a80857f5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/9/b988de58c8b497f6a2ea2c19a80857f5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Beekeeping 101"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-4871674891a1bd421 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-4871674891a1bd421 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-4871674891a1bd421 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="806"></span> Online Courses</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Beekeeping 101" href="https://extension.psu.edu/beekeeping-101" class="product-item-link">Beekeeping 101</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute sections"><span class="label">Sections </span><span class="value">10</span></div> <div class="attribute length"><span class="label">Length </span><span class="value">9 hours</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Learn about the science and practice of beekeeping, including bee biology, behavior, hive management, equipment, diseases, pests, bee products, and pollination.</div> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="4871" data-price-box="product-id-4871"> <p class="minimal-price"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee"> <span class="price-label"> </span> <span id="old-price-4871-widget-product-carousel" data-price-amount="159" data-price-type="" class="price-wrapper "><span class="price">$159.00</span></span> </span> </p></div> </div></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="AFUQV6N"><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=AYUUEJC],#html-body [data-pb-style=UQD4TWC]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;margin:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=AYUUEJC]{background-color:#f6f8fc;border-color:#72a4a1;border-width:4px;padding:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=UQD4TWC]{width:83.3333%;padding:0 20px;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=VP1US9H]{padding-top:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=Y1N9WXM]{margin-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=LFTVTGT]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;width:16.6667%;margin:0;padding:0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=SNRKXP9]{padding:20px 20px 20px 0;border-style:none}#html-body [data-pb-style=CXIYDBE],#html-body [data-pb-style=F8NBYNW]{max-width:100%;height:auto}@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { #html-body [data-pb-style=SNRKXP9]{border-style:none} }</style><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> .expert-border{border-top:#5c9b96 4px solid;} </style></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="expert-border" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="AYUUEJC"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"></div><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" style="display: flex;" data-content-type="column-group" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="UQD4TWC"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="VP1US9H"><h3><span style="font-size: 36px; line-height: 36px;">Your Challenges, Our Expertise</span></h3></div><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><p><span style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px;">Connect with us for the latest research-based knowledge and hands-on know-how. Find experts who will work with you in person or online to answer questions, solve problems, and seize opportunities.</span></p></div><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="Y1N9WXM" data-decoded="true"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/experts" class="experts-link"><span>Meet The Experts</span></a></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="LFTVTGT"><figure class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" data-content-type="image" data-appearance="full-width" data-element="main" data-pb-style="SNRKXP9"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/Meet_the_Experts_bigstock-409918480.png" alt="" title="" data-element="desktop_image" data-pb-style="F8NBYNW"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-only" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/Meet_the_Experts_bigstock-409918480.png" alt="" title="" data-element="mobile_image" data-pb-style="CXIYDBE"></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="B78LLAH"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-grid-title="Resources and Programs" data-appearance="read-more-product-grid" data-element="main"> <div class="block widget block-products-list grid"> <div class="title-with-link"><h2>Resources and Programs</h2></div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="read-more-products-grid grid"><ol class="product-items widget-product-grid">  <li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Center for Pollinator Research" href="https://pollinators.psu.edu/" class="product-item-link">Center for Pollinator Research</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>The Center is committed to developing and implementing integrative, multidisciplinary approaches to improving pollinator health, conservation, and management for ecosystems services through research, education, outreach and policy.</div></div><a href="https://pollinators.psu.edu/" class="product-item-link">Read More</a>  </li><li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Pollinator Habitat Certification" href="https://pollinators.psu.edu/landscaping-for-pollinators/pollinator-habitat-certification" class="product-item-link">Pollinator Habitat Certification</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>Pollination is the very foundation of our ecosystem, producing seeds and fruits and providing food for wildlife, and us, to thrive. Many bees, flies, wasps, beetles, butterflies and moths are struggling to find nutritious food and safe places to nest.</div></div><a href="https://pollinators.psu.edu/landscaping-for-pollinators/pollinator-habitat-certification" class="product-item-link">Read More</a> </li> </ol></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="CLD85WQ"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"></div></div></div></div> <div id="ajaxlogin-popup" data-bind="scope:'ajaxLogin'" style="display: none;"></div><input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="0xQVtmW7o3MabHWV" /> <div id="authenticationPopup" data-bind="scope:'authenticationPopup', style: {display: 'none'}">  </div> <div class="category-description"><p>Bees and other pollinators play a key role in life on our planet. They ensure food and nutritional security and maintain biodiversity and vibrant ecosystems for plants, humans, and themselves. Penn State Extension has extensive educational resources and news on the pollinators in the ag industry, their threats, and how to attract them. Learn about beekeeping and take our Beekeeping 101 online course.</p> <h2>The Importance of Pollinators</h2> <p><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollination-and-pollinators">Pollination</a> can occur in several ways. When it happens within the same flower, it is self-pollination. When the transfer of pollen occurs between different flowers, it’s known as cross-pollination. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/pollination-services">Pollination</a> can also occur with the help of the wind. But when the pollen is heavy and sticky, it needs the help of various animals, of which insects are the most important movers of pollen.</p> <p>Honey bees and other <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/native-pollinators-a-promising-solution-to-an-emerging-crisis">native pollinators</a> play a vital role in the pollination of crops. There are at least 437 species of <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/bees-in-pennsylvania-diversity-ecology-and-importance">bees in Pennsylvania</a> that contribute to the pollination of not just crops but natural areas and gardens too. However, domestic honey bee numbers have <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinator-declines">declined by 59%</a> compared to a few decades ago.</p> <p>In Pennsylvania, it is wild bees who are responsible for providing the majority of pollination for some summer vegetable crops. Wild bees include <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinator-series-bee-biodiversity-in-pennsylvania">native and naturalized bees</a>, all of which pollinate a wide variety of food and fiber crops, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/orchard-pollination-the-role-of-pollen-bees">fruit orchards</a>, and certain <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollination-requirements-for-various-fruits-and-nuts">types of nuts</a>.</p> <h2>Identifying and Attracting Pollinators</h2> <p>Approximately three-quarters of our major food crops are pollinated, but how much do you know about this process? We all know about honey bees, but what about all the other <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/who-are-our-pollinators">pollinators</a>? To help you <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/identification-and-biology">identify them and learn about their biology</a>, there are plenty of resources available at Penn State Extension. Gain an understanding of the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/habitat-and-landscape">habitat and landscape</a> they prefer, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinators-and-the-plants-they-love">how to keep them thriving</a>, and help increase their numbers.</p> <p>Here are some examples of the pollinators you can expect to find in Pennsylvania:</p> <ul style="list-style: disc; list-style-position: inside;"> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinator-series-mason-bee-management-for-orchard-pollination">Mason bee</a>: This is a solitary bee that is important for agricultural producers and <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/mason-bees-in-the-home-garden">backyard gardeners</a> alike. Along with several other bee species, they <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spring-bees-who-are-they-and-where-do-they-live">emerge around springtime</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/orchard-pollination-wild-bees">Wild bees</a>: Honey bees and mason bees are not the only important pollinators for orchards. Wild bees also have a significant contribution to make.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/carpenter-bees">Carpenter bees</a>: You often find these bees flying around under the eaves of houses. They excavate tunnels in wood for shelter and to make chambers where they can rear their young and have been known to cause significant structural damage.</li> <li><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinator-series-bumble-bee-biology-and-management-for-pollination">Bumble bees</a>: These are great pollinators thanks to their fuzzy appearance.</li> </ul> <p>We’ve lost 75% of our insects, and that includes our native pollinators. However, it is possible to support them, for example, by <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/creating-a-pollinator-garden">creating a pollinator garden</a>. Understand <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinator-series-bee-nutritional-ecology-from-flowers-to-landscapes">which flowers bees prefer</a> when they collect nectar for pollination, and you can <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinator-series-gardening-for-pollinators">plant them in your garden</a> and bring the pollinators into your yard. It’s also crucial you learn about <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/fall-cleanup-for-the-pollinator-garden">cleaning up your garden in the fall</a>, as many pollinators will be overwintering in your garden.</p> <h2>Bees and Beekeeping</h2> <p>Honey bees are commonly kept in artificial hives across the United States. A large and sophisticated <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/beekeeping">beekeeping industry</a> provides valuable honey, beeswax, and pollination services. Take advantage of Penn State Extension’s resources if you want to learn the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/beekeeping-basics">basics of beekeeping</a> and more. The <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/beekeeping-101">Beekeeping 101 online course</a> covers bee biology and behavior, hive management, equipment, bee products, and more.</p> <p>Careful honey bee colony management is key if you want the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinator-series-health-challenges-for-long-term-survival">hive population to survive all year round</a>. There are <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/a-field-guide-to-honey-bees-and-their-maladies">common honey bee maladies</a>, and you need to be able to recognize their symptoms. Environmental stressors can also impact <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinator-series-health-challenges-from-a-bees-perspective">bee health</a> throughout their life cycle.</p> <p>A fundamental part of apiary management is <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinator-series-queen-bee-rearing-basics">working with queens</a>, understanding their biology, and rearing them to increase your hives’ productivity. It’s possible to start a new colony or renovate an existing one by <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/installing-packaged-bees">installing packaged bees</a>. Order them in early winter, ready for the package to arrive in spring.</p> <h2>Pollinators and Pesticides</h2> <p>Pollinators can be exposed to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/pesticides">pesticides</a> in various ways, including direct contact with the residue on plants, ingesting contaminated pollen and nectar, or exposure to contaminated nesting sites or materials.</p> <p>Researchers believe the decline in <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/orchard-pollination-honey-bees">honey bee populations</a> is due in part to their <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pesticides-and-pollinators">exposure to multiple pesticides</a>. There are, however, things producers can do to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/orchard-ipm-protecting-honey-bees">help maintain a delicate balance</a> between protecting crops from pests and pathogens and protecting pollinators.</p> <p>Spraying at night is one option when you use <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pollinators-and-pesticide-sprays-during-bloom-in-fruit-plantings">pesticide sprays during bloom in fruit plantings</a>. The Center for Pollinator Research at Penn State University has also revealed that <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/protecting-pollinators-what-role-can-the-greenhouse-industry-play">the greenhouse industry has several important roles to play</a> in the broader efforts of protecting pollinators.</p> <p>In this section, find numerous resources and practical advice for beekeeping, bee biology and habitats, identifying and attracting pollinators, safe pesticide usage, and pollination services.</p></div> </div><div class="sidebar sidebar-main"> <div class="block filter level2" id="layered-filter-block" data-mage-init=' { "collapsible": { "openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": false, "collateral": { "openedState": "filter-active", "element": "body" } } }'><div class="block-title filter-title"><strong data-role="title">Select a category</strong></div><div class="block-content filter-content content"><strong role="heading" aria-level="2" class="subtitle block-subtitle filter-subtitle">Narrow By:</strong> <div class="options filter-options collapsible-menu" id="narrow-by-list2"><div class="filter-options-item" data-role="collapsible" ><div data-role="title" class="filter-options-title gray-background">Categories</div><div class="filter-options-content" data-role="content"><ol class="items" data-role="collapsible"> <li class="item "><a title ="Beekeeping" href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/beekeeping" >Beekeeping</a> <span class="count">30</span></li> <li class="item "><a title ="Habitat and Landscape" href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/habitat-and-landscape" >Habitat and Landscape</a> <span class="count">12</span></li> <li class="item "><a title ="Identification and Biology" href="https://extension.psu.edu/insects-pests-and-diseases/pollinators/identification-and-biology" >Identification and Biology</a> <span class="count">19</span></li> <li class="item "><a title ="Pesticides" 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product-image-container-4871-674891a2882e1"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/9/b988de58c8b497f6a2ea2c19a80857f5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/9/b988de58c8b497f6a2ea2c19a80857f5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/9/b988de58c8b497f6a2ea2c19a80857f5.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Beekeeping 101"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-4871674891a2882e1 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-4871674891a2882e1 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-4871674891a2882e1 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="806"></span> Online Courses</div> <strong class="product-item-name"><a title="Beekeeping 101" href="https://extension.psu.edu/beekeeping-101" class="product-item-link">Beekeeping 101</a></strong> <div class="product-short-description">Learn about the science and practice of beekeeping, including bee biology, behavior, hive management, equipment, diseases, pests, bee products, and pollination.</div></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/honey-bee-diseases-american-foulbrood" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-25591-674891a28cc18"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/8/28ec4e09724b22dfe0d0c52049e324d2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/8/28ec4e09724b22dfe0d0c52049e324d2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/8/28ec4e09724b22dfe0d0c52049e324d2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Infected larva ropes out when poked with a toothpick"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-25591674891a28cc18 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-25591674891a28cc18 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-25591674891a28cc18 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <strong class="product-item-name"><a title="Honey Bee Diseases: American Foulbrood" href="https://extension.psu.edu/honey-bee-diseases-american-foulbrood" class="product-item-link">Honey Bee Diseases: American Foulbrood</a></strong> <div class="product-short-description">American foulbrood only attacks honey bee larvae, weakening the colony and quickly leading to its death.</div></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/conserving-wild-bees-in-pennsylvania" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-10952-674891a28f0b9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" 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