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for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Loudon McAdam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 28 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85" title="جون لودون ماك آدم – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون لودون ماك آدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D" title="ג'ון לאודון מקאדם – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון לאודון מקאדם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_MacAdam" title="John MacAdam – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John MacAdam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._MacAdam" title="John L. MacAdam – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="John L. MacAdam" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%92%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%92%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဂျွန် လူဒွန် မက္ကဒမ် – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျွန် လူဒွန် မက္ကဒမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McAdam" title="John McAdam – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John McAdam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Макадам, Джон – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макадам, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Џон Макадам – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Макадам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam" title="John Loudon McAdam – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Loudon McAdam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Джон Лаудон Макадам – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Лаудон Макадам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%9E%E7%95%B6" title="約翰·勞登·麥克亞當 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="約翰·勞登·麥克亞當" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q437708#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="hd" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: lightsteelblue">John Loudon McAdam</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:John_Loudon_McAdam_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/John_Loudon_McAdam_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="379" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="338" /></a></span><br /><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Loudon_McAdam" title="c:Category:John Loudon McAdam"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/10px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Loudon_McAdam" class="extiw" title="c:Category:John Loudon McAdam">Irudi gehiago</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Bizitza</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Jaiotza</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ayr" title="Ayr">Ayr</a>, <a href="/wiki/1756" title="1756">1756ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Irailaren_21" title="Irailaren 21">irailaren 21a</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Herrialdea</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Britainia_Handia_eta_Irlandako_Erresuma_Batua" title="Britainia Handia eta Irlandako Erresuma Batua">Britainia Handia eta Irlandako Erresuma Batua</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Heriotza</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moffat" title="Moffat">Moffat</a>, <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Azaroaren_26" title="Azaroaren 26">azaroaren 26a</a> (80 urte)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hobiratze lekua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eskozia" title="Eskozia">Eskozia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Heriotza modua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berezko_heriotza" title="Berezko heriotza">berezko heriotza</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miokardio_infartu_akutu" title="Miokardio infartu akutu">miokardio infartu akutua</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Familia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Aita</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_McAdam_of_Waterhead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James McAdam of Waterhead (sortu gabe)">James McAdam of Waterhead</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ama</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susannah_Cochrane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susannah Cochrane (sortu gabe)">Susannah Cochrane</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ezkontidea(k)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Margaretta_Nicoll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gloria Margaretta Nicoll (sortu gabe)">Gloria Margaretta Nicoll</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76204279?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Charlotte_Delancey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Charlotte Delancey (sortu gabe)">Anne Charlotte Delancey</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76204432?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small> (1827 -  ezezaguna)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Seme-alabak</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Nicoll_McAdam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Nicoll McAdam (sortu gabe)">James Nicoll McAdam</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27450827?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q76204433" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q76204433">John Loudon McAdam</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76204433?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Hezkuntza</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hizkuntzak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Jarduerak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Jarduerak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13582652" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q13582652">ingeniari zibila</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Asmatzaile" title="Asmatzaile">asmatzailea</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:John_Loudon_McAdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/John_Loudon_McAdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>John Loudon McAdam</figcaption></figure> <p><b>John Loudon McAdam</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ayr" title="Ayr">Ayr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eskozia" title="Eskozia">Eskozia</a>, <a href="/wiki/1756" title="1756">1756ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Irailaren_21" title="Irailaren 21">irailaren 21a</a> - <a href="/wiki/Moffat" title="Moffat">Moffat</a>, Eskozia, <a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Azaroaren_26" title="Azaroaren 26">azaroaren 26a</a>) eskoziar ingeniaria izan zen, <a href="/wiki/Errepide" title="Errepide">errepideen</a> eraikuntzan egindako lanagatik ezaguna batez ere. Errepideak eraikitzeko sistema berri bat garatu zuen, bere izenez ezagutzen duguna gaur egun, <a href="/wiki/Macadam_(sistema)" title="Macadam (sistema)">Macadam</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Loudon_McAdam&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Biografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Loudon_McAdam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lehen_urteak">Lehen urteak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Loudon_McAdam&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lehen urteak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Loudon_McAdam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Lehen urteak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eskoziako Ayrren jaio zen. Hamar semeetan gazteena eta Waterhead baroiaren bigarren semea zen. Bere familiaren abizen tradizionala McGregor zen, baino McAdamera aldatu zuten arrazoi politikoak medio, James I.aren erregealdian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errepide_eraikitzailea">Errepide eraikitzailea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Loudon_McAdam&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Errepide eraikitzailea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Loudon_McAdam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Errepide eraikitzailea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New Yorkera joan zen bizitzera 1770. urtean, merkatari eta kontulari lanetan arituaz Independentzia gerla garaian. Bere osabaren kontulari etxean dirutza handia egin zuen eta 1783an itzuli zen Eskoziara. Bertan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayrshire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayrshire (sortu gabe)">Ayrshireko</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sauchrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sauchrie (sortu gabe)">Sauchrien</a>, lursail batzuk erosi zituen. </p><p>1812 <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristolera</a> joan zen bizitzera. </p><p>Errepideak inguruko lurra baino gorago behar zuela egon eta <a href="/wiki/Legar" title="Legar">legarrarekin</a> eginiko geruzetan eraiki behar zela era sistematiko batean esan zuen. Erabilitako materialak eta errepideari eman zioan forma <a href="/wiki/Ganbil_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ganbil (argipena)">ganbilak</a> ere uraren irteera errezten zuen. </p><p>Errepideak eraikitzeko sistema horrek bere izena jaso zuen: <a href="/wiki/Macadam_(sistema)" title="Macadam (sistema)">Macadam</a>. Errepideak eraikitzeko sistema hau oso azkar zabaldu zen, eta Europako bide gehienak sistema honen bidez eraiki ziren XIX. mende bukaerarako. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ondorengoak">Ondorengoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Loudon_McAdam&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ondorengoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Loudon_McAdam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ondorengoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren mundu gerlako</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_McCreery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard McCreery (sortu gabe)">Richard McCreery</a> <a href="/wiki/Koronel" title="Koronel">koronela</a> da John McAdamen ondorengoetako bat. Richarden ama, Emilia McAdam, ingeniaren ondorengo zuzena zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Loudon_McAdam&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Loudon_McAdam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macadam_(sistema)" title="Macadam (sistema)">Macadam (sistema)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macadam_(materiala)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macadam (materiala) (sortu gabe)">Macadam (materiala)</a></li></ul> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Azala?uselang=eu">Wikimedia Commons</a>en</span> badira fitxategi gehiago, gai hau dutenak: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Loudon_McAdam" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Loudon McAdam">John Loudon McAdam</a></b></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q437708" title="Aldatu lotura Wikidatan"><img alt="Aldatu lotura Wikidatan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/12px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/18px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/24px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q437708" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q437708">Q437708</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Loudon_McAdam">John Loudon McAdam</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q437708%22">Q437708</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-15548384">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/15548384/">15548384</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000080954453">0000000080954453</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117516295">117516295</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84218224">n84218224</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29861311" class="extiw" title="d:Q29861311">SNAC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vh87n6">w6vh87n6</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL5286030A?mode=all">OL5286030A</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Lur_Hiztegi_Entziklopedikoa" title="Lur Hiztegi Entziklopedikoa">Lur</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskadi.eus/web01-a2lurhiz/eu/contenidos/termino/_c03956/eu_m_0015/m0015.html">03956/eu_m_0015/m0015</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Loudon-McAdam">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Bilduma digitalak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gutenberg_proiektua" title="Gutenberg proiektua">Gutenberg proiektua</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/53149">53149</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q437708" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q437708">Q437708</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Loudon_McAdam">John Loudon McAdam</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q437708%22">Q437708</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> 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