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Californiu - Wikipedia
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</nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteníu" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteníu</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Entamu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Carauterístiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carauterístiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Carauterístiques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Carauterístiques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Carauterístiques</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Carauterístiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Propiedaes_físiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propiedaes_físiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Propiedaes físiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propiedaes_físiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propiedaes_químiques_y_compuestos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propiedaes_químiques_y_compuestos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Propiedaes químiques y compuestos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propiedaes_químiques_y_compuestos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isótopos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isótopos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Isótopos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isótopos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esistencia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esistencia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Esistencia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esistencia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Producción" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Producción"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Producción</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Producción-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicaciones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicaciones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aplicaciones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplicaciones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Procuros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Procuros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Procuros</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Procuros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaces_esternos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaces_esternos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Enllaces esternos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaces_esternos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Californiu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 132 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-132" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">132 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%8A%E1%8D%8E%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ካሊፎርኒየም – amháricu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካሊፎርኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amháricu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="कैलिफोर्नियम – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कैलिफोर्नियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="كاليفورنيوم – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاليفورنيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="كاليفورنيوم – árabe de Marruecos" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كاليفورنيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="árabe de Marruecos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="كاليفورنيوم – árabe d’Exiptu" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاليفورنيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="árabe d’Exiptu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – azerbaixanu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaixanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Каліфорній – bielorrusu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каліфорній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Каліфорн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каліфорн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – búlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="कैलिफोर्नियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कैलिफोर्नियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ক্যালিফোর্নিয়াম – bengalín" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যালিফোর্নিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniom" title="Kaliforniom – bretón" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kaliforniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornij" title="Kalifornij – bosniu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kalifornij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artículos destacaos"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californi" title="Californi – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Californi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californyo" title="Californyo – cebuanu" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Californyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%86%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="کالیفۆرنیۆم – kurdu central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کالیفۆرنیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdu central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiu" title="Californiu – corsu" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Californiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – checu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Califforniwm" title="Califforniwm – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Califforniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artículos destacaos"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Καλιφόρνιο – griegu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλιφόρνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artículos destacaos"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniumo" title="Kaliforniumo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaliforniumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artículos destacaos"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californio" title="Californio – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Californio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – estoniu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornio" title="Kalifornio – vascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kalifornio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="vascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="کالیفرنیم – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالیفرنیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – frisón del norte" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón del norte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californi" title="Californi – friulianu" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Californi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calafoirniam" title="Calafoirniam – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Calafoirniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calaf%C3%B2rnium" title="Calafòrnium – gaélicu escocés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Calafòrnium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélicu escocés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californio" title="Californio – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Californio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="કેલિફોર્નીયમ – guyaratí" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કેલિફોર્નીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guyaratí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – manés" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – chinu hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chinu hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="קליפורניום – hebréu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קליפורניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebréu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="कैलीफोर्नियम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैलीफोर्नियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornij" title="Kalifornij – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalifornij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif%C3%B2ny%C3%B2m" title="Kalifònyòm – haitianu" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kalifònyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – húngaru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%86%D5%B8%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Կալիֆոռնիում – armeniu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալիֆոռնիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – indonesiu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornio" title="Kalifornio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kalifornio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californio" title="Californio – italianu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Californio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="カリホルニウム – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリホルニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrkaliforni" title="jinmrkaliforni – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrkaliforni" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კალიფორნიუმი – xeorxanu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალიფორნიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C9%A9f%C9%94rn%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kalɩfɔrnɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – kazaquistanín" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ಯಾಲಿಫೋರ್ನಿಯಮ್ – canarés" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾಲಿಫೋರ್ನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BA%98%EB%A6%AC%ED%8F%AC%EB%8A%84" title="캘리포늄 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="캘리포늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniom" title="Kaliforniom – córnicu" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kaliforniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnicu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – kirguistanín" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – llatín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – limburgués" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californio" title="Californio – ligurianu" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Californio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornis" title="Kalifornis – lituanu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalifornis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornijs" title="Kalifornijs – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalifornijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калифорниум – macedoniu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калифорниум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="കാലിഫോർണിയം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാലിഫോർണിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Калифорни (химийн элемент) – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Калифорни (химийн элемент)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="कॅलिफोर्नियम – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅलिफोर्नियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – malayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ကာလီဖိုနီယမ် – birmanu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာလီဖိုနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="क्यालिफोर्नियम – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्यालिफोर्नियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – noruegu Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegu Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – noruegu Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegu Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rni" title="Califòrni – occitanu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Califòrni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornii" title="Kalifornii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kalifornii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="କାଲିଫର୍ମିଅମ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଲିଫର୍ମିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="क्यालिफोर्नियम – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="क्यालिफोर्नियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforn" title="Kaliforn – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaliforn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rni" title="Califòrni – piamontés" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Califòrni" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piamontés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="کیلیفورنیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیلیفورنیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="کاليفورنيوم – pashtu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاليفورنيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnio" title="Califórnio – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Califórnio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliphurniyu" title="Kaliphurniyu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kaliphurniyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiu" title="Californiu – rumanu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Californiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiu" title="Californiu – aromanianu" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Californiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromanianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="केलिफोर्नियम् – sánscritu" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="केलिफोर्नियम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sánscritu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калифорниум – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Калифорниум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calif%C3%B2rniu" title="Califòrniu – sardu" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Califòrniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californiu" title="Californiu – sicilianu" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Californiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornijum" title="Kalifornijum – serbo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalifornijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – eslovacu" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornij" title="Kalifornij – eslovenu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalifornij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovenu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniumi" title="Kaliforniumi – albanu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaliforniumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калифорнијум – serbiu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калифорнијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – frisón de Saterland" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="frisón de Saterland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium – sondanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kalifornium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – suecu" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suecu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforni" title="Kaliforni – suaḥili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaliforni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaḥili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கலிபோர்னியம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலிபோர்னியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="కాలిఫోర్నియం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కాలిఫోర్నియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – taxiquistanín" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taxiquistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="แคลิฟอร์เนียม – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคลิฟอร์เนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniyo" title="Kaliforniyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaliforniyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniyum" title="Kaliforniyum – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaliforniyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калифорний – tártaru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Калифорний" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="كالىفورنىي – uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كالىفورنىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Каліфорній – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каліфорній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="کیلیفورنیئم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیلیفورنیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliforniy" title="Kaliforniy – uzbequistanín" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kaliforniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbequistanín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalifornii_(himine_element)" title="Kalifornii (himine element) – vepsiu" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kalifornii (himine element)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californi" title="Californi – vietnamín" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Californi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californyo" title="Californyo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Californyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎 – chinu wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锎" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinu wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калифорниум – calmuco" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Калифорниум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmuco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalif%E1%BB%8D%CC%81rn%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m" title="Kalifọ́rníọ̀m – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kalifọ́rníọ̀m" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artículos destacaos"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%90%A6" title="鐦 – chinu lliterariu" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鐦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinu lliterariu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium" title="Californium – chinu min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Californium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chinu min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%B2" title="鉲 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmNgcalife" title="UmNgcalife – zulú" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmNgcalife" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1888#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d'interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Californiu" title="Ver la páxina de conteníu [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Páxina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderique:Californiu&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Alderique tocante al conteníu de la páxina (la páxina nun esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Alderique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar variante de idioma" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">asturianu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Californiu"><span>Lleer</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit" title="Editar el códigu fonte d'esta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar la fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=history" title="Versiones antigües d'esta páxina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramientes de páxina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramientes" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramientes</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramientes</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Más opciones" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aiciones </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Californiu"><span>Lleer</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta páxina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit" title="Editar el códigu fonte d'esta páxina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar la fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=history"><span>Ver historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Xeneral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:LoQueEnlazaAqu%C3%AD/Californiu" title="Llista de toles páxines wiki qu'enllacien equí [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lo qu'enllaza equí</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:CambiosEnEnlazadas/Californiu" rel="nofollow" title="Cambios recientes nes páxines enllazaes dende esta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Cambios rellacionaos</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ast" title="Xubir ficheros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Xubir ficheru</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginasEspeciales" title="Llista de toles páxines especiales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páxines especiales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&oldid=4285393" title="Enllaz permanente a esta revisión de la páxina"><span>Enllaz permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=info" title="Más información sobro esta páxina"><span>Información de la páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Californiu&id=4285393&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Información tocante a cómo citar esta páxina"><span>Citar esta páxina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Acortador_de_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fast.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCaliforniu"><span>Llograr la URL encurtiada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fast.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCaliforniu"><span>Xenerar códigu QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprentar/esportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Californiu"><span>Crear un llibru</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Californiu&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descargar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&printable=yes" title="Versión imprentable d'esta páxina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versión pa imprentar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> N'otros proyeutos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Californium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1888" title="Enllaz al elementu del depósitu de datos coneutáu [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elementu de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramientes de páxina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">despintar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-tradubot" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/californio" title="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente"><img alt="Esti artículu foi traducíu automáticamente y precisa revisase manualmente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/16px-Robot_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/24px-Robot_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/32px-Robot_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ast" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;width: 22em; font-size: 88%;;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera cabecera física" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent;color:black;font-size:125%;;"><span style="font-size:75%"><a href="/wiki/Berkeliu" title="Berkeliu">Berkeliu</a></span> ← <b>Californiu</b> → <span style="font-size:75%"><a href="/wiki/Einsteniu" title="Einsteniu">Einsteniu</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xenu" title="Hidróxenu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="7" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Hexagonal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/40px-Hexagonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/60px-Hexagonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/80px-Hexagonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="304" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="7" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"> <br />98</td> <td style="font-size:16pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><b>Cf</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Heliu" title="Heliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Boru" title="Boru"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbonu" title="Carbonu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitr%C3%B3xenu" title="Nitróxenu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Ox%C3%ADxenu" title="Oxíxenu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%BAor" title="Flúor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Ne%C3%B3n" title="Neón"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Sodiu" title="Sodiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesiu" title="Magnesiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Siliciu" title="Siliciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sforu" title="Fósforu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azufre" title="Azufre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Cloru" title="Cloru"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Calciu" title="Calciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Escandiu" title="Escandiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Titaniu" title="Titaniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadiu" title="Vanadiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cromu" class="mw-redirect" title="Cromu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Manganesu" title="Manganesu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Fierro" title="Fierro"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobaltu" title="Cobaltu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cinc" title="Cinc"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td 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7px; font-size: 7px; line-height: 7px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;border:1px solid black"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteniu" title="Einsteniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Fermiu" title="Fermiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Mendeleviu" title="Mendeleviu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nobeliu" title="Nobeliu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Laurenciu" title="Laurenciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordiu" title="Rutherfordiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubniu" title="Dubniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborxu" title="Seaborxu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohriu" title="Bohriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassiu" title="Hassiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitneriu" title="Meitneriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadiu" title="Darmstadiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentxeniu" title="Roentxeniu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Coperniciu" title="Coperniciu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Ununtriu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununtriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Fleroviu" title="Fleroviu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Ununpentiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununpentiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Livermoriu" title="Livermoriu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Ununseptiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununseptiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Ununoctiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ununoctiu"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabla periódica de los elementos">Tabla completa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_enantada" title="Tabla periódica enantada">Tabla enantada</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Californium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Californium.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="233" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="158" /></a></span><br /><span style="font-size:95%;">Un pequeñu discu de californiu ampliáu pa ver la so testura metálica</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#FF99CC;;">Información xeneral</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Llist%C3%A1u_d%27elementos_por_nome" class="mw-redirect" title="Llistáu d'elementos por nome">Nome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llist%C3%A1u_d%27elementos_por_s%C3%ADmbolu" class="mw-redirect" title="Llistáu d'elementos por símbolu">símbolu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Llist%C3%A1u_d%27elementos_por_n%C3%BAmberu_at%C3%B3micu" class="mw-redirect" title="Llistáu d'elementos por númberu atómicu">númberu</a></th><td colspan="2"> Californiu, Cf, 98</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Serie_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Serie química">Serie química</a></th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Act%C3%ADnidu" title="Actínidu">Actínidos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grupu_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Grupu de la tabla periódica">Grupu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodu_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Periodu de la tabla periódica">periodu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloque_de_la_tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Bloque de la tabla periódica">bloque</a></th><td colspan="2"> n/a, <a href="/wiki/Elementos_del_periodu_7" title="Elementos del periodu 7">7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elementos_del_bloque_f" title="Elementos del bloque f">f</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Masa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Masa atómica">Masa atómica</a></th><td colspan="2"> [251]<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.56_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.56-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Unid%C3%A1_de_masa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Unidá de masa atómica">u</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Configuraci%C3%B3n_electr%C3%B3nica" title="Configuración electrónica">Configuración electrónica</a></th><td colspan="2"> [<a href="/wiki/Rad%C3%B3n" title="Radón">Rn</a>] 5<a href="/wiki/Orbital_at%C3%B3micu" title="Orbital atómicu">f</a><sup>10</sup> 7<a href="/wiki/Orbital_at%C3%B3micu" title="Orbital atómicu">s</a><sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}1.14_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}1.14-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Durez" title="Durez">Durez Mohs</a></th><td colspan="2"> 3–4<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC1991{{{c}}}254_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC1991{{{c}}}254-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n" title="Electrón">Electrones</a> per <a href="/wiki/Nivel_d%27enerx%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nivel d'enerxía">nivel</a></th><td colspan="2"> 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#FF99CC;;">Propiedaes atómiques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Electronegativid%C3%A1" title="Electronegatividá">Electronegatividá</a></th><td colspan="2"> 1,3<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmsley1998{{{c}}}50_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmsley1998{{{c}}}50-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:smaller">(<a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Pauling" title="Escala de Pauling">Pauling</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_d%27oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="Estáu d'oxidación">Estáu(aos) d'oxidación</a></th><td colspan="2"> 2, <b>3</b>, 4<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenwood1997{{{c}}}1265_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenwood1997{{{c}}}1265-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">1ª <span style="font-size:smaller"><a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_d%27ionizaci%C3%B3n" title="Enerxía d'ionización">enerxía d'ionización</a></span></th><td colspan="2"> 608<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}10.204_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}10.204-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Quiloxuliu_por_mol" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiloxuliu por mol">kJ/mol</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#FF99CC;;">Propiedaes físiques</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1u_d%27agregaci%C3%B3n_de_la_materia" title="Estáu d'agregación de la materia">Estáu ordinariu</a></th><td colspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3lidu" title="Sólidu">Sólidu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Densid%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Densidá">Densidá</a></th><td colspan="2"> 15.100<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.56_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.56-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Quilogramu_por_metru_c%C3%BAbicu" title="Quilogramu por metru cúbicu">kg/m³</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Puntu_de_fusi%C3%B3n" title="Puntu de fusión">Puntu de fusión</a></th><td colspan="2"> 1173 K (900 °C)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.56_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.56-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Puntu_de_bullidura" title="Puntu de bullidura">Puntu de bullidura</a></th><td colspan="2"> 1743 K (1470 °C)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#FF99CC;;">Varios</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Redes_de_Bravais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redes de Bravais (la páxina nun esiste)">Estructura cristalina</a></th><td colspan="2"> Hexagonal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmberu_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Númberu CAS">Nᵘ CAS</a></th><td colspan="2"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toolserver.org/~magnus/cas.php?language=en&cas=7440-71-3&title=">7440-71-3</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#FF99CC;;">Isótopos más estables</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> Artículu principal: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C3%B3topos_del_californiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isótopos del californiu (la páxina nun esiste)">Isótopos del californiu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> <div> <table width="100%" rules="all" class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em 0em 0em 0em; text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <th valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Is%C3%B3topu" title="Isótopu">iso</a> </th> <th valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Abondanza_natural" title="Abondanza natural">AN</a> </th> <th valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Periodu_de_semidesintegraci%C3%B3n" title="Periodu de semidesintegración">Periodu</a> </th> <th valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cadena_de_desintegraci%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadena de desintegración">MD</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_de_desintegraci%C3%B3n" title="Enerxía de desintegración">Ed</a> </th> <th valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Productu_de_desintegraci%C3%B3n" title="Productu de desintegración">PD</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <th>M<a href="/wiki/Electr%C3%B3n-voltiu" title="Electrón-voltiu">eV</a> </th></tr> <tr><td><sup>248</sup>Cf</td><td></td><td>333,5 <a href="/wiki/D%C3%ADa" title="Día">d</a></td><td></td><td>6,361<br />0,0029</td><td><sup>244</sup><a href="/wiki/Curiu" title="Curiu">Cm</a><br />–</td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>249</sup>Cf</td><td></td><td>351 <a href="/wiki/A%C3%B1u" title="Añu">a</a></td><td></td><td></td><td><sup>245</sup>Cm<br />–</td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>250</sup>Cf</td><td></td><td>13,08 a</td><td></td><td></td><td><sup>246</sup>Cm<br />–</td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>251</sup>Cf</td><td></td><td>898 a</td><td></td><td>6,172</td><td><sup>247</sup>Cm</td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>252</sup>Cf</td><td></td><td>2,645 a</td><td></td><td></td><td><sup>248</sup>Cm<br />–</td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>253</sup>Cf</td><td></td><td>17,81 d</td><td></td><td>0,29<br />6,126</td><td><sup>253</sup><a href="/wiki/Einsteniu" title="Einsteniu">Es</a><br /><sup>249</sup>Cm<br /></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>254</sup>Cf</td><td></td><td>60,5 d</td><td></td><td>–<br />5,930</td><td>–<br /><sup>250</sup>Cm</td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> Referencies de los isótopos: <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}11.196_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}11.196-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDC2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:smaller">Valores nel <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_d%27Unidaes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema Internacional d'Unidaes">SI</a> y <a href="/wiki/Condiciones_normales_de_presi%C3%B3n_y_temperatura" title="Condiciones normales de presión y temperatura">condiciones normales de presión y temperatura</a>, sacante que se diga lo contrario.</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><small>[<span class="plainlinks"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1888" class="extiw" title="d:Q1888">editar datos en Wikidata</a></span>]</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>El <b>californiu</b><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ye un elementu químicu <a href="/wiki/Radioactivid%C3%A1" title="Radioactividá">radiactivu</a> con símbolu <b>Cf</b> y <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmberu_at%C3%B3micu" title="Númberu atómicu">númberu atómicu</a> 98. Esti elementu foi llográu per primer vegada na <a href="/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_de_California_en_Berkeley" title="Universidá de California en Berkeley">Universidá de California en Berkeley</a> en 1950 bombardiando <a href="/wiki/Curiu" title="Curiu">curiu</a> con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Part%C3%ADcules_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partícules alfa (la páxina nun esiste)">partícules alfa</a> —<a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">iones</a> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heliu-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heliu-4 (la páxina nun esiste)">heliu-4</a>—. Ye un elementu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Act%C3%ADnido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actínido (la páxina nun esiste)">actínido</a>, el sestu de los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementos_transur%C3%A1nicos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementos transuránicos (la páxina nun esiste)">elementos transuránicos</a> en ser <a href="/wiki/Elementu_sint%C3%A9ticu" title="Elementu sintéticu">sintetizáu</a>, y tien la segunda mayor masa atómico de tolos elementos que fueron producíos en cantidaes abondo grandes pa ser vistu a <a href="/wiki/Simple_vista" title="Simple vista">simple vista</a>, dempués del <a href="/wiki/Einsteniu" title="Einsteniu">einsteniu</a>. El nome del elementu deber a <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> y la <a href="/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_de_California" title="Universidá de California">Universidá de California</a>. Ye l'elementu más pesáu que se produz na <a href="/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra">Tierra</a> de forma natural; los elementos de mayor <a href="/wiki/Masa_at%C3%B3mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Masa atómico">masa atómico</a> solo pueden ser producíos por aciu síntesis. </p><p>Esisten dos <a href="/wiki/Estructura_cristalina" title="Estructura cristalina">estructures cristalines</a> pal californiu a presión normal: una percima y otra per debaxo de los 900 °C. A altes presiones apaez una tercer forma. El californiu pierde'l so rellumu amodo en contautu col aire a temperatura ambiente. Los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compuestos_del_californiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compuestos del californiu (la páxina nun esiste)">compuestos del californiu</a> tienen na so mayoría una forma química del elementu, denomada californiu (III), que puede participar en trés <a href="/wiki/Enllaz_qu%C3%ADmicu" title="Enllaz químicu">enllaces químicos</a>. De los venti <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%B3topu" title="Isótopu">isótopos</a> conocíos del californiu, el más estable ye'l californiu-251, que tien una <a href="/wiki/Vida_media" title="Vida media">vida media</a> de 898 años. Esta vida media tan curtia implica que nun s'atopen cantidaes significatives d'esti elementu na corteza terrestre.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nota 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El californiu-252, con una vida media de 2,64 años, ye l'isótopu usáu más común y ye producíu nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llaboratoriu_Nacional_Oak_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llaboratoriu Nacional Oak Ridge (la páxina nun esiste)">Llaboratoriu Nacional Oak Ridge</a> nos <a href="/wiki/Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" class="mw-redirect" title="Estaos Xuníos">Estaos Xuníos</a> y nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institutu_d%27Investigaci%C3%B3n_de_Reactores_At%C3%B3micos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institutu d'Investigación de Reactores Atómicos (la páxina nun esiste)">Institutu d'Investigación de Reactores Atómicos</a> en <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>. </p><p>El californiu ye unu de los pocos elementos transuránicos que tien aplicaciones práutiques. La mayor parte d'estes usen les propiedaes de ciertos isótopos del californiu pa emitir <a href="/wiki/Neutrones" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrones">neutrones</a>. Por casu, puede usase p'ayudar a encender <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactores_nucleares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactores nucleares (la páxina nun esiste)">reactores nucleares</a> y como fonte de neutrones nel estudiu de materiales por aciu la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Difracci%C3%B3n_de_neutrones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Difracción de neutrones (la páxina nun esiste)">difracción de neutrones</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espectroscop%C3%ADa_de_neutrones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espectroscopía de neutrones (la páxina nun esiste)">espectroscopía de neutrones</a>. Tamién puede usase na síntesis nuclear d'elementos de mayor masa; el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununoctio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununoctio (la páxina nun esiste)">ununoctio</a> —elementu 118— foi sintetizáu bombardiando átomos de californiu-249 con iones de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calciu-48&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calciu-48 (la páxina nun esiste)">calciu-48</a>. Cuando se trabaya con californiu hai que tener en cuenta consideración radiolóxiques según la capacidá d'esti elementu p'atayar la producción de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%B3bulos_coloraos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glóbulos coloraos (la páxina nun esiste)">glóbulos coloraos</a> por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioacumulaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioacumulación (la páxina nun esiste)">bioacumulación</a> nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tex%C3%ADu_%C3%B3seo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texíu óseo (la páxina nun esiste)">texíu óseo</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carauterístiques"><span id="Carauter.C3.ADstiques"></span>Carauterístiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Carauterístiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Carauterístiques"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propiedaes_físiques"><span id="Propiedaes_f.C3.ADsiques"></span>Propiedaes físiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: Propiedaes físiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Propiedaes físiques"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El californiu ye un metal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Act%C3%ADnido&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actínido (la páxina nun esiste)">actínido</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> de color blancu platiáu con un <a href="/wiki/Puntu_de_fusi%C3%B3n" title="Puntu de fusión">puntu de fusión</a> de 900 ± 30 °C y un <a href="/wiki/Puntu_de_bullidura" title="Puntu de bullidura">puntu de bullidura</a> envaloráu de 1745 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522–1523_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522–1523-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El metal puro ye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maleable&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maleable (la páxina nun esiste)">maleable</a> y puede ser cortáu fácilmente con una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuchiella_d%27afaitar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuchiella d'afaitar (la páxina nun esiste)">cuchiella d'afaitar</a>. El californiu metálicu empieza a evaporarse percima de los 300 °C nel vacíu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1526_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1526-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per debaxo de 51 K (−220 °C) ye <a href="/wiki/Ferromagnetismu" title="Ferromagnetismu">ferromagnético</a> o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferrimagnetismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferrimagnetismo (la páxina nun esiste)">ferrimagnético</a> —actúa como un <a href="/wiki/Im%C3%A1n_(f%C3%ADsica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imán (física)">imán</a>—, ente 48 y 66 K ye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antiferromagn%C3%A9tico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antiferromagnético (la páxina nun esiste)">antiferromagnético</a> —un estáu entemediu— y percima de los 160 K (−110 °C) ye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramagnetismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paramagnetismo (la páxina nun esiste)">paramagnético</a>, polo que puede convertise en magnéticu gracies a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Campos_magn%C3%A9ticos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campos magnéticos (la páxina nun esiste)">campos magnéticos</a> esternos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1525_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1525-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleaciones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleaciones (la páxina nun esiste)">aleaciones</a> con metales <a href="/wiki/Lant%C3%A1nidos" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantánidos">lantánidos</a>, anque se tienen poques conocencies sobre ello.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1526_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1526-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'elementu tien dos <a href="/wiki/Estructura_cristalina" title="Estructura cristalina">formes cristalines</a> a <a href="/wiki/Presi%C3%B3n_atmosf%C3%A9rica" title="Presión atmosférica">presión atmosférica</a>: una forma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empaquetamiento_compactu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empaquetamiento compactu (la páxina nun esiste)">doble-hexagonal compacta</a> llamada alfa (α) y una forma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_cristal%C3%ADn_c%C3%BAbicu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema cristalín cúbicu (la páxina nun esiste)">cúbica centrada nes cares</a> llamada beta (β).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nota 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La forma α tien llugar per debaxo de los 900 °C con una densidá de 15,10 g/cm³ y la β dase percima de los 900 °C con una densidá de 8,74 g/cm³.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 48 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unid%C3%A1)" title="Pascal (unidá)">GPa</a> de presión, la forma β camuda a un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistema_cristal%C3%ADn_ortorr%C3%B3mbico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistema cristalín ortorrómbico (la páxina nun esiste)">sistema cristalín ortorrómbico</a> por cuenta de la deslocalización de los <a href="/wiki/Capa_electr%C3%B3nica" title="Capa electrónica">electrones 5f</a> de los átomos, que ruempe los enllaces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nota 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B3dulu_de_compresibilidad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Módulu de compresibilidad (la páxina nun esiste)">módulu de compresibilidad</a> del californiu ye de 50 ± 5 GPa, que ye similar al de los metales lantánidos trivalentes pero menor que'l de la mayoría de los metales comunes, como'l del <a href="/wiki/Aluminiu" title="Aluminiu">aluminiu</a> (70 GPa).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propiedaes_químiques_y_compuestos"><span id="Propiedaes_qu.C3.ADmiques_y_compuestos"></span>Propiedaes químiques y compuestos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: Propiedaes químiques y compuestos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Propiedaes químiques y compuestos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Compuestos representativos del californiu<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nota 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Estáu</th> <th>Compuestu</th> <th>Fórmula</th> <th>Apariencia </th></tr> <tr> <td>+2</td> <td>Bromuru de californiu (II)</td> <td>CfBr<sub>2</sub></td> <td>Mariellu </td></tr> <tr> <td>+2</td> <td>Yoduro de californiu (II)</td> <td>CfI<sub>2</sub></td> <td>Violeta escuru </td></tr> <tr> <td>+3</td> <td>Óxidu de californiu (III)</td> <td>Cf<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></td> <td>Mariellu verdoso </td></tr> <tr> <td>+3</td> <td>Fluoruru de californiu (III)</td> <td>CfF<sub>3</sub></td> <td>Verde brillosu </td></tr> <tr> <td>+3</td> <td>Cloruru de californiu (III)</td> <td>CfCl<sub>3</sub></td> <td>Verde esmeralda </td></tr> <tr> <td>+3</td> <td>Yoduro de californiu (III)</td> <td>CfI<sub>3</sub></td> <td>Mariellu llimón </td></tr> <tr> <td>+4</td> <td>Óxidu de californiu (IV)</td> <td>CfO<sub>2</sub></td> <td>Marrón escuro </td></tr> <tr> <td>+4</td> <td>Fluoruru de californiu (IV)</td> <td>CfF<sub>4</sub></td> <td>Verde </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>El californiu puede tener <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valencia_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valencia (química) (la páxina nun esiste)">valencia</a> 2, 3 o 4.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Créese que les sos propiedaes químiques son similares a les d'otros elementos actínidos de valencia 3+<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg2004{{{c}}}_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg2004{{{c}}}-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> y a les del <a href="/wiki/Disprosiu" title="Disprosiu">disprosiu</a>, que ye'l lantánido asitiáu enriba del californiu na tabla periódica.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'elementu pierde rellumu amodo en contautu col aire a temperatura ambiente, tantu más rápidu cuanto más s'amonta'l mugor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El californiu reacciona cuando se calecer nun amiestu con <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xenu" title="Hidróxenu">hidróxenu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitr%C3%B3xenu" title="Nitróxenu">nitróxenu</a> o un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calc%C3%B3geno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calcógeno (la páxina nun esiste)">calcógeno</a> —elementu de la familia del osíxenu—. Les reacciones con hidróxenu secu y con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acedu_mineral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acedu mineral (la páxina nun esiste)">acedos minerales</a> aguacientos son rápides.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nota 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El californiu namái ye <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disoluci%C3%B3n_aguacienta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disolución aguacienta (la páxina nun esiste)">soluble n'agua</a> na so forma de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cati%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catión (la páxina nun esiste)">catión</a> californiu (III). Los intentos d'<a href="/wiki/Amenorgamientu-oxidaci%C3%B3n" title="Amenorgamientu-oxidación">amenorgamientu-oxidación</a> del ion +3 en solución fracasaron.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'elementu forma una solución soluble n'agua en forma de <a href="/wiki/Cloruru" title="Cloruru">cloruru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitratu" title="Nitratu">nitratu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perclorato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perclorato (la páxina nun esiste)">perclorato</a> y <a href="/wiki/Sulfatu" title="Sulfatu">sulfatu</a> y bástiase en forma de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluoruru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluoruru (la páxina nun esiste)">fluoruru</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxalato_(qu%C3%ADmica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxalato (química) (la páxina nun esiste)">oxalato</a> o <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xidu" title="Hidróxidu">hidróxidu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg2004{{{c}}}_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg2004{{{c}}}-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isótopos"><span id="Is.C3.B3topos"></span>Isótopos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Isótopos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Isótopos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caracterizáronse 20 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiois%C3%B3topos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radioisótopos (la páxina nun esiste)">radioisótopos</a> del californiu. Los más estables son: el californiu-251, con una <a href="/wiki/Vida_media" title="Vida media">vida media</a> de 898 años; el californiu-249, con una vida media de 351 años; el californiu-250, con una vida media de 13,08 años; y el californiu-252, que tien una vida media de 2,645 años.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDC2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El restu de los isótopos tienen vides medies menores a un añu, nun llegando la mayoría d'elles a 20 minutos.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDC2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BAmberu_m%C3%A1sico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Númberu másico (la páxina nun esiste)">númberu másico</a> de los isótopos del californiu atopar nun rangu ente 237 y 256.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDC2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El californiu-249 formar a partir de la <a href="/wiki/Desintegraci%C3%B3n_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Desintegración beta">desintegración beta</a> del berkeliu-249 ente qu'otros isótopos del californiu son formaos sometiendo al <a href="/wiki/Berkeliu" title="Berkeliu">berkeliu</a> a radiaciones de neutrones intenses nun <a href="/wiki/Reactor_nuclear" title="Reactor nuclear">reactor nuclear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pesar de que'l californiu-251 ye l'isótopu cola mayor vida media, el so rendimientu de producción ye de namái un 10% por cuenta del so enclín a recoyer neutrones —alta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Captura_neutr%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Captura neutrónica (la páxina nun esiste)">captura neutrónica</a>— y el so enclín a interactuar con otres partícules elevada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seici%C3%B3n_eficaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seición eficaz (la páxina nun esiste)">seición tresversal de neutrones</a>—.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1504_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1504-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El californiu-252 ye un fuerte emisor de neutrones, lo que lo convierte en desaxeradamente <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiactivu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiactivu (la páxina nun esiste)">radiactivu</a> y peligrosu.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El 96,9% de les vegaes, el californiu-252 vese sometíu a <a href="/wiki/Desintegraci%C3%B3n_alfa" title="Desintegración alfa">desintegración alfa</a> —que supón la perda de dos <a href="/wiki/Protones" class="mw-redirect" title="Protones">protones</a> y dos neutrones— pa formar <a href="/wiki/Curiu" title="Curiu">curiu</a>-248, ente que el 3,1% restante de les desintegraciones son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisi%C3%B3n_bonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisión bonal (la páxina nun esiste)">fisiones bonales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDC2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un <a href="/wiki/Microgramu" title="Microgramu">microgramu</a> (µg) de californiu-252 emite 2,3 millones de neutrones per segundu, un permediu de 3,7 neutrones por cada fisión bonal.<sup id="cite_ref-osti_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osti-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La mayor parte de los restantes isótopos se desintegran en curiu —con <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmberu_at%C3%B3micu" title="Númberu atómicu">númberu atómicu</a> 96— por aciu desintegración alfa.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDC2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar seición: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Historia"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Berkeley_60-inch_cyclotron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Berkeley_60-inch_cyclotron.jpg/220px-Berkeley_60-inch_cyclotron.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Berkeley_60-inch_cyclotron.jpg/330px-Berkeley_60-inch_cyclotron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Berkeley_60-inch_cyclotron.jpg/440px-Berkeley_60-inch_cyclotron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2409" /></a><figcaption>El <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclotr%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclotrón (la páxina nun esiste)">ciclotrón</a> de 1500 mm de <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1metru" title="Diámetru">diámetru</a> usáu pa sintetizar californiu per primer vegada.</figcaption></figure> <p>Los investigadores de física <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Gerald_Thompson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Gerald Thompson (la páxina nun esiste)">Stanley G. Thompson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Street,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Street, Jr. (la páxina nun esiste)">Kenneth Street, Jr.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Ghiorso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Ghiorso (la páxina nun esiste)">Albert Ghiorso</a> y <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Descubrimientu_de_los_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Descubrimientu de los elementos químicos (la páxina nun esiste)">sintetizaron per primer vegada</a> californiu na <a href="/wiki/Universid%C3%A1_de_California,_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidá de California, Berkeley">Universidá de California, Berkeley</a> alredor del 9 de febreru de 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foi'l sestu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elementu_transur%C3%A1nico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elementu transuránico (la páxina nun esiste)">elementu transuránico</a> en ser descubiertu; l'equipu anunció'l so descubrimientu'l 17 de marzu de 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Y98_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Y98-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pa producir californiu bombardiaron con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Part%C3%ADcules_alfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partícules alfa (la páxina nun esiste)">partícules alfa</a> de 35 MeV una muestra de curiu-242 del orde de los microgramos, nun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ciclotr%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ciclotrón (la páxina nun esiste)">ciclotrón</a> de 1500 mm de <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1metru" title="Diámetru">diámetru</a> en <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_(California)" title="Berkeley (California)">Berkeley</a>, lo que produció como resultáu californiu-245 y un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neutr%C3%B3n_llibre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neutrón llibre (la páxina nun esiste)">neutrón llibre</a> (n).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">242<br />96</span>Cm + <span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">4<br />2</span>He → <span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">245<br />98</span>Cf + <span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">1<br />0</span>n </p><p>Nesti esperimentu solo produciéronse unos 5000 átomos de californiu<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1996{{{c}}}82_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1996{{{c}}}82-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que tuvieron una vida media de 44 minutos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El descubridores punxeron nome al nuevu elementu por California y la Universidá de California. Al poner esti nome rompieron el conveniu que s'usó pa nomar los elementos del 95 al 97, que s'inspiraron nel nome de los elementos direutamente enriba d'ellos na tabla periódica.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}849_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}849-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nota 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sicasí, l'elementu direutamente enriba del elementu 98 na tabla periódica, <a href="/wiki/Disprosiu" title="Disprosiu">disprosiu</a>, tien un nome que significa «malo de consiguir en» polo que los investigadores decidieron dexar a un llau el conveniu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}347_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}347-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amestaron que «lo meyor que podemos faer ye señalar [que] ... los buscadores de va un sieglu atopaben difícil llegar a California».<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}848_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}848-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La primer vegada que se llograron cantidaes apreciables de californiu fueron producíes por aciu la irradiación de plutoniu nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactor_d%27ensayos_con_materiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactor d'ensayos con materiales (la páxina nun esiste)">reactor d'ensayos con materiales</a> del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llaboratoriu_Nacional_de_Idaho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llaboratoriu Nacional de Idaho (la páxina nun esiste)">Llaboratoriu Nacional de Idaho</a>; estos resultaos fueron publicaos en 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nestes muestres reparó l'alta tasa de fisión bonal del californiu-252. El primer esperimentu con californiu en forma concentrada tuvo llugar en 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Los isótopos de californiu ente 249 y 252 fueron aisllaos el mesmu añu a partir d'una muestra de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plutoniu-239&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plutoniu-239 (la páxina nun esiste)">plutoniu-239</a> que fuera irradiada con neutrones nun reactor nuclear mientres cinco años.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dos años más tarde, en 1960, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burris_Cunningham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burris Cunningham (la páxina nun esiste)">Burris Cunningham</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Wallman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Wallman (la páxina nun esiste)">James Wallman</a> del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (la páxina nun esiste)">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> de la Universidá de California crearon los primeres compuestos de californiu: tricloruru de californiu, oxicloruru de californiu y óxidu de californiu, tratándolo con vapor y ácidu clorhídricu.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reactor_d%27Is%C3%B3topos_d%27Altu_Fluxu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reactor d'Isótopos d'Altu Fluxu (la páxina nun esiste)">Reactor d'Isótopos d'Altu Fluxu</a> (HFIR) del Llaboratoriu Nacional Oak Ridge empezó a producir pequeños llotes de californiu na década de 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En 1995, el HFIR producía 500 mg de californiu al añu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}11_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}11-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pa la producción de californiu utilizóse plutoniu suministráu per Reinu Xuníu a los Estaos Xuníos sol <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcuerdu_de_defensa_mutua_ente_los_Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos_y_el_Reinu_Xun%C3%ADu_de_1958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcuerdu de defensa mutua ente los Estaos Xuníos y el Reinu Xuníu de 1958 (la páxina nun esiste)">Alcuerdu de defensa mutua ente los Estaos Xuníos y el Reinu Xuníu de 1958</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisi%C3%B3n_d%27Enerx%C3%ADa_At%C3%B3mica_d%27Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisión d'Enerxía Atómica d'Estaos Xuníos (la páxina nun esiste)">Comisión d'Enerxía Atómica d'Estaos Xuníos</a> vendió californiu-252 a veceros industriales y académicos a principios de la década de 1970 por 10 dólares el microgramu<sup id="cite_ref-osti_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osti-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> y unviaron una media de 150 mg de californiu-252 cada añu dende 1970 hasta 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}6_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}6-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nota 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El californiu metálicu foi preparáu per primer vegada en 1974 por Haire y Baybarz quien amenorgaron óxidu de californiu (III) con lantanu metálicu pa llograr unes películes grueses d'unos miligramos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1519_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1519-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nota 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Esistencia">Esistencia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar seición: Esistencia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Esistencia"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Operation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Operation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg/280px-Operation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Operation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg/420px-Operation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Operation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg/560px-Operation_Crossroads_Baker_Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5137" data-file-height="2696" /></a><figcaption>Les pruebes nucleares contaminaron el mediu ambiente con traces de californiu. Na imaxe, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operaci%C3%B3n_Crossroads&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operación Crossroads (la páxina nun esiste)">prueba nuclear <i>Baker</i></a> (1946).</figcaption></figure> <p>Na <a href="/wiki/Tierra" title="Tierra">Tierra</a> esisten cantidaes bien pequeñes de californiu por cuenta de les reacciones de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Captura_neutr%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Captura neutrónica (la páxina nun esiste)">captura neutrónica</a> y <a href="/wiki/Desintegraci%C3%B3n_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Desintegración beta">desintegración beta</a> en depósitos uraníferos altamente concentraos.<sup id="cite_ref-ANL2005_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANL2005-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-emsley_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pueden atopase traces de californiu cerca de les instalaciones qu'usen l'elementu en prospecciones minerales y en tratamientos médicos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmsley2001{{{c}}}90_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmsley2001{{{c}}}90-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'elementu ye bastante insoluble n'agua, pero xuntar con facilidá al suelu, y les concentraciones nel suelu pueden ser 500 vegaes más altes que na agua qu'arrodia les partícules del suelu.<sup id="cite_ref-ANL2005_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANL2005-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les <a href="/wiki/Prueba_nuclear" title="Prueba nuclear">pruebes nucleares</a> atmosfériques anteriores a 1980 contribuyeron con pequeñes cantidaes de californiu al mediu ambiente.<sup id="cite_ref-ANL2005_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANL2005-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reparáronse isótopos de californiu con <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BAmberu_m%C3%A1sico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Númberu másico (la páxina nun esiste)">númberos másicos</a> 249, 252, 253 y 254 nel polvu radiactivo recoyíu del aire dempués d'una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplosi%C3%B3n_nuclear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esplosión nuclear (la páxina nun esiste)">esplosión nuclear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El californiu nun ye unu de los principales radionucléidos nes instalaciones heredaes pol <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departamentu_d%27Enerx%C3%ADa_de_los_Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departamentu d'Enerxía de los Estaos Xuníos (la páxina nun esiste)">Departamentu d'Enerxía de los Estaos Xuníos</a> yá que nun foi producíu en grandes cantidaes.<sup id="cite_ref-ANL2005_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANL2005-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Una vegada informóse de que s'había atopáu californiu nel <a href="/wiki/Espectru_de_frecuencies" title="Espectru de frecuencies">espectro</a> d'una <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a>, pero darréu consideróse que la identificación foi incorreuta.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz-Lapuente1996{{{c}}}274_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz-Lapuente1996{{{c}}}274-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Producción"><span id="Producci.C3.B3n"></span>Producción</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar seición: Producción" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Producción"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El californiu ye producíu en <a href="/wiki/Reactor_nuclear" title="Reactor nuclear">reactores nucleares</a> y n'<a href="/wiki/Acelerador_de_part%C3%ADcules" title="Acelerador de partícules">aceleradores de partícules</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrebs2006{{{c}}}327–328_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebs2006{{{c}}}327–328-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El californiu-250 produzse bombardiando <a href="/wiki/Berkeliu" title="Berkeliu">berkeliu</a>-249 con neutrones, que forma berkeliu-250 por aciu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Captura_neutr%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Captura neutrónica (la páxina nun esiste)">captura neutrónica</a> (n,γ) y este, de la mesma, tresfórmase rápido en californiu-250 por <a href="/wiki/Desintegraci%C3%B3n_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Desintegración beta">desintegración beta</a> (β<sup>−</sup>) por aciu la siguiente reacción:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}348_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}348-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">249<br />97</span>Bk(n,γ)<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">250<br />97</span>Bk → <span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:-0.4em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">250<br />98</span>Cf + β<sup>−</sup> </p><p>El bombardéu de californiu-250 con neutrones produz californiu-251 y californiu-252.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}348_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}348-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La irradiación enllargada d'<a href="/wiki/Americiu" title="Americiu">americiu</a>, curiu y plutoniu con neutrones produz miligramos de californiu-252 y microgramos de californiu-249.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}105_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}105-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A partir de 2006, irrádiense los isótopos de curiu ente 244 y 248 con neutrones en reactores especiales pa producir principalmente californiu-252 con cantidaes menores d'isótopos ente 249 y 255.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1503_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1503-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El californiu-252 alcuéntrase disponible pa usu comercial en cantidaes de miligramos al traviés de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisi%C3%B3n_Reguladora_Nuclear_d%27Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisión Reguladora Nuclear d'Estaos Xuníos (la páxina nun esiste)">Comisión Reguladora Nuclear d'Estaos Xuníos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrebs2006{{{c}}}327–328_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebs2006{{{c}}}327–328-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solu dos instalaciones producen californiu-252, el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llaboratoriu_Nacional_Oak_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llaboratoriu Nacional Oak Ridge (la páxina nun esiste)">Llaboratoriu Nacional Oak Ridge</a> n'Estaos Xuníos y l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Institutu_d%27Investigaci%C3%B3n_de_Reactores_At%C3%B3micos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institutu d'Investigación de Reactores Atómicos (la páxina nun esiste)">Institutu d'Investigación de Reactores Atómicos</a> en <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>. A partir de 2003, estos dos sitios producen 0.25 g y 0.025 g de californiu-252 per añu, respeutivamente.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENRC2008{{{c}}}33_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENRC2008{{{c}}}33-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prodúcense tres isótopos de californiu con vides medies significatives. Mientres el procesu de producción el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uraniu-238&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uraniu-238 (la páxina nun esiste)">uraniu-238</a> rique 15 captures de neutrones ensin producise la <a href="/wiki/Fisi%C3%B3n_nuclear" title="Fisión nuclear">fisión nuclear</a> o la desintegración alfa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENRC2008{{{c}}}33_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENRC2008{{{c}}}33-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El californiu-253 llógrase a la fin de la cadena de producción qu'empieza con uraniu-238, inclúi dellos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C3%B3topos_de_plutoniu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isótopos de plutoniu (la páxina nun esiste)">isótopo de plutoniu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C3%B3topos_de_americiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isótopos de americiu (la páxina nun esiste)">americiu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C3%B3topos_de_curiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isótopos de curiu (la páxina nun esiste)">curiu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Is%C3%B3topos_de_berkeliu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isótopos de berkeliu (la páxina nun esiste)">berkeliu</a> y los isótopos de californiu ente 249 y 253 —ver la diagrama—. </p> <table align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Cf_252_Produktion_es.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cf_252_Produktion_es.png/600px-Cf_252_Produktion_es.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cf_252_Produktion_es.png/900px-Cf_252_Produktion_es.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Cf_252_Produktion_es.png/1200px-Cf_252_Produktion_es.png 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1041" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 94%; border-top: 1px solid #000000;">Esquema de producción del californiu-252 a partir d'uraniu-238 por irradiación de neutrones. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplicaciones">Aplicaciones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar seición: Aplicaciones" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Aplicaciones"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:CfShield.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CfShield.JPG/225px-CfShield.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/CfShield.JPG/338px-CfShield.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/CfShield.JPG 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Un contenedor de 50 tonelaes construyíu nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llaboratoriu_Nacional_Oak_Ridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llaboratoriu Nacional Oak Ridge (la páxina nun esiste)">Llaboratoriu Nacional Oak Ridge</a> que puede tresportar hasta 1 gramu de <sup>252</sup>Cf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1994{{{c}}}245_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1994{{{c}}}245-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Precísense contenedores grandes y fuertemente blindaos pa evitar la lliberación de material altamente radiactivo en casu d'accidente.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>El californiu-252 tien aplicaciones especializaes como un fuerte emisor de neutrones y cada microgramu de californiu puru produz 139 millones de neutrones per minutu.<sup id="cite_ref-osti_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osti-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Esta propiedá fai que'l californiu seya útil como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonte_inicial_de_neutrones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonte inicial de neutrones (la páxina nun esiste)">fonte inicial de neutrones</a> pa dellos reactores nucleares<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> y como fonte de neutrones portátil —non basada en reactor— nel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anal%C3%ADs_per_activaci%C3%B3n_neutr%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analís per activación neutrónica (la páxina nun esiste)">analís per activación neutrónica</a> pa detectar pequeñes cantidaes d'elementos en muestres.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin2000_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin2000-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nota 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Los neutrones del californiu son emplegaos pa tratar ciertos tipos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1ncer_cervical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cáncer cervical (la páxina nun esiste)">cáncer cervical</a> y <a href="/wiki/Tumor_cerebral" title="Tumor cerebral">tumores cerebrales</a> cuando otres téuniques de <a href="/wiki/Radioterapia" title="Radioterapia">radioterapia</a> nun resulten efectives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foi usáu n'aplicaciones educatives dende 1969 cuando'l <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institutu_de_Teunolox%C3%ADa_de_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institutu de Teunoloxía de Georgia (la páxina nun esiste)">Institutu de Teunoloxía de Georgia</a> recibió un préstamu de 119 µg de californiu-252 de la Savannah River Plant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}33_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}33-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tamién s'utiliza en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Analizador_de_carb%C3%B3n_analizador_de_carb%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analizador de carbón analizador de carbón (la páxina nun esiste)">analizador de carbón analizador de carbón</a> y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Analizador_de_materiales_a_granel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analizador de materiales a granel (la páxina nun esiste)">analizadores de materiales a granel</a> na industria del carbón y el cementu. </p><p>La penetración de los neutrones nos materiales fai que'l californiu seya útil en preseos de detección como los escáneres de barres de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustible_nuclear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combustible nuclear (la páxina nun esiste)">combustible nuclear</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiograf%C3%ADa_neutr%C3%B3nica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiografía neutrónica (la páxina nun esiste)">radiografía neutrónica</a> d'aeronaves y componentes d'armes pa detectar la <a href="/wiki/Escomiu" title="Escomiu">escomiu</a>, males soldadures, resquiebros y mugor acumulao;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}26–27_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}26–27-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> y en detectores de metales portátiles.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mididor_de_mugor_de_neutrones_mididores_de_mugor_de_neutrones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mididor de mugor de neutrones mididores de mugor de neutrones (la páxina nun esiste)">mididor de mugor de neutrones mididores de mugor de neutrones</a> usen californiu-252 p'atopar agua y capes de petroleu nos pozos de petroleu, como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fonte_de_neutrones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fonte de neutrones (la páxina nun esiste)">fuente portátil de neutrones</a> nes prospecciones d'oru y plata pal analís <i>in situ</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> y pa detectar el movimientu d'agua soterraño.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Los principales usos del californiu-252 en 1982 yeren, n'orde d'usu: puesta en marcha de reactores (48,3%), escáneres de barres de combustible nuclear (25,3%) y analís per activación (19,4%).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}12_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}12-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En 1994 la mayoría del californiu-252 yera usáu en radiografía neutrónica (77,4%); los escáneres de barres de combustible nuclear (12,1%) y la puesta en marcha de reactores (6,9%) teníen importancia pero ocupaben usos secundarios.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}12_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}12-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El californiu-251 tien una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masa_cr%C3%ADtico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masa crítico (la páxina nun esiste)">masa crítico</a> bien pequeña —unos 5 kg—,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ye bien letal y nun curtiu periodu de tiempu vuelve tóxicu'l mediu ambiente. Esto dio llugar a delles afirmaciones esaxeraes sobre los posibles usos del elementu.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nota 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>El californiu tamién foi usáu pa producir otros elementos transuránicos; por casu, el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrencio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrencio (la páxina nun esiste)">lawrencio</a> foi sintetizáu per primer vegada en 1961 bombardiando californiu con nucleos de <a href="/wiki/Boru" title="Boru">boru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> N'ochobre de 2006, investigadores del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institutu_Central_d%27Investigaciones_Nucleares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institutu Central d'Investigaciones Nucleares (la páxina nun esiste)">Institutu Central d'Investigaciones Nucleares</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dubn%C3%A1_(ciud%C3%A1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dubná (ciudá) (la páxina nun esiste)">Dubná</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> anunciaron qu'identificaren tres átomos d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ununoctio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ununoctio (la páxina nun esiste)">ununoctio</a> —elementu 118— como resultáu de bombardiar californiu-249 con <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calciu-48&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calciu-48 (la páxina nun esiste)">calciu-48</a>, produciendo l'elementu más pesáu que se consiguió sintetizar. L'esperimentu contenía unos 10 mg de californiu-249 depositaos nun papel de titaniu de 32 cm² d'área.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procuros">Procuros</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editar seición: Procuros" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Procuros"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El californiu se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioacumulaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioacumulación (la páxina nun esiste)">bioacumula</a> nel texíu óseo y llibera radiación qu'ataya la capacidá del cuerpu pa producir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gl%C3%B3bulos_coloraos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glóbulos coloraos (la páxina nun esiste)">glóbulos coloraos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}106_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}106-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'elementu nun tien un rol biolóxicu en nengún organismu por cuenta del so radioactividá intensa y la baxa concentración nel mediu ambiente.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmsley2001{{{c}}}90_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmsley2001{{{c}}}90-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Puede entrar nel cuerpu pola ingestión de comíes o bébores contaminaes o por alendar aire con partícules suspendíes d'esti elementu. Una vegada nel cuerpu, solo'l 0,05% del californiu va algamar la riega sanguínea. Aproximao'l 65% d'esti californiu va ser depositáu na cadarma, el 25% nel fégadu y el restu n'otros órganos o escretáu, principalmente na orina. La metá del californiu depositáu na cadarma y nel fégadu sume en 50 y 20 años respeutivamente. El californiu na cadarma xuntar a la superficie del güesu enantes de migrar amodo a tol güesu.<sup id="cite_ref-ANL2005_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANL2005-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'elementu ye más peligrosu si alcuéntrase dientro del cuerpu. Amás, el californiu-249 y el californiu-251 pueden causar daños nos texíos esternos pola emisión de <a href="/wiki/Rayu_gamma" class="mw-redirect" title="Rayu gamma">rayu gamma</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Radiaci%C3%B3n_ionizante" title="Radiación ionizante">radiación ionizante</a> emitida pol californiu acumuláu nos güesos y el fégadu puede provocar cáncer.<sup id="cite_ref-ANL2005_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANL2005-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editar seición: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Notes"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La Tierra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed%C3%A1_de_la_Tierra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edá de la Tierra (la páxina nun esiste)">formóse hai unos 4540 millones d'años</a> y el grau d'emisión natural de neutrones que pueden producir los isótopos más estables del californiu ye bien llindáu.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Una <a href="/wiki/Estructura_cristalina" title="Estructura cristalina">celda unitaria</a> doble-hexagonal compacta (dhcp) consiste en dos estructures hexagonales compactes que comparten un planu hexagonal, dando a la dhcp una secuencia ABACABAC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwacki2010{{{c}}}80_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwacki2010{{{c}}}80-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Los trés elementos transplutónicos de menor masa −<a href="/wiki/Americiu" title="Americiu">americiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curiu" title="Curiu">curiu</a> y <a href="/wiki/Berkeliu" title="Berkeliu">berkeliu</a>- riquen una presión enforma menor pa deslocalizar los sos electrones 5f.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Los otros estaos d'oxidación +3 inclúin el sulfuru y el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaloceno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaloceno (la páxina nun esiste)">metaloceno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotton1999{{{c}}}1163_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECotton1999{{{c}}}1163-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Los compuestos que tán nel estáu d'oxidación +4 son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axentes_oxidantes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axentes oxidantes (la páxina nun esiste)">axentes oxidantes</a> fuertes y aquellos que tán nel estáu +2 son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axentes_reductores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axentes reductores (la páxina nun esiste)">axentes reductores</a> fuertes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Namái'l californiu-249 ye afechu pa estudios químicos.<sup id="cite_ref-Emeleus_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emeleus-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">El <a href="/wiki/Europiu" title="Europiu">europiu</a>, nel periodu 6, asitiáu enriba del elementu 95, foi nomáu debíu al continente nel que foi descubiertu, asina que l'elementu 95 foi nomáu <a href="/wiki/Americiu" title="Americiu">americiu</a>. L'elementu 96 foi nomáu por <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a> y <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> como análogu a la denominación de <a href="/wiki/Gadoliniu" title="Gadoliniu">gadoliniu</a>, que foi nomáu pol científicu ya inxenieru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Gadolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Gadolin (la páxina nun esiste)">Johan Gadolin</a>. El <a href="/wiki/Terbiu" title="Terbiu">terbiu</a> foi nomáu por cuenta de la ciudá na que foi descubiertu, asina que l'elementu 97 foi nomáu <a href="/wiki/Berkeliu" title="Berkeliu">berkeliu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}848_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}848-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisi%C3%B3n_Reguladora_Nuclear_d%27Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisión Reguladora Nuclear d'Estaos Xuníos (la páxina nun esiste)">Comisión Reguladora Nuclear d'Estaos Xuníos</a> (NRC) reemplazó a la Comisión d'Enerxía Atómica cuando s'enllantó la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Llei_de_Reorganizaci%C3%B3n_d%27Enerx%C3%ADa_de_1974&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llei de Reorganización d'Enerxía de 1974 (la páxina nun esiste)">Llei de Reorganización d'Enerxía de 1974</a>. El preciu del californiu-252 foi aumentáu delles vegaes pola NRC y en 1999 costaba 60 dólares per microgramu. Esti preciu nun incluyía'l costu de encapsulación y tresporte.<sup id="cite_ref-osti_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osti-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En 1975, otru documentu indicaba que'l metal de californiu preparáu l'añu anterior fuera'l compuestu hexagonal Cf<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S y el compuestu cúbicu centráu nes cares CfS.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El trabayu de 1974 foi confirmáu en 1976 y siguieron investigando esti metal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1519_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1519-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">En 1990, el californiu-252 yá sustituyera a les fontes de neutrones de plutoniu-<a href="/wiki/Beriliu" title="Beriliu">beriliu</a> por cuenta del so menor tamañu y menor xeneración de calor y gas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1990{{{c}}}318_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1990{{{c}}}318-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Un artículu tituláu «Verdaes y mentires de la Tercer Guerra Mundial» nel númberu de xunetu de 1961 de la revista <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popular Science (la páxina nun esiste)">Popular Science</a></i>, dicía «Una bomba atómica de californiu nun precisa ser más grande qu'una bala de pistola. Puede construyise una pistola de seis tiros que dispare bales qu'esploten al contautu con una fuercia de 10 tonelaes de TNT.»<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=11" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3503771"><div class="llistaref" style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.56-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.56_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.56_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.56_1-2">1,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCRC2006">CRC, 2006</a>, p. 4.56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}1.14-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}1.14_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCRC2006">CRC, 2006</a>, p. 1.14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC1991{{{c}}}254-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC1991{{{c}}}254_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCRC1991">CRC, 1991</a>, p. 254.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmsley1998{{{c}}}50-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmsley1998{{{c}}}50_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFEmsley1998">Emsley, 1998</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGreenwood1997{{{c}}}1265-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGreenwood1997{{{c}}}1265_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood, 1997</a>, p. 1265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}10.204-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}10.204_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCRC2006">CRC, 2006</a>, p. 10.204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> (1986) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UuPvAAAAMAAJ">The Chemistry of the actinide elements</a></i> (n'inglés). Chapman and Hall, páx. 1038. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9780412273704" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9780412273704">ISBN 9780412273704</a>. Consultáu'l 11 d'ochobre de 2012.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}11.196-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}11.196_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCRC2006">CRC, 2006</a>, p. 11.196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NNDC2008-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-1">9,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-2">9,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-3">9,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-4">9,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NNDC2008_9-5">9,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">NNDC contributors.  Sonzogni, Alejandro A. (Database Manager) (ed.): «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/">Chart of Nuclides</a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(inglés)</span></span>.  National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Consultáu'l 1 de marzu de 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Esti términu apaez nel <i><a href="/wiki/Diccionariu_de_la_Llingua_Asturiana" title="Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana">Diccionariu de l'Academia de la Llingua Asturiana</a></i>. Ver: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diccionariu.alladixital.org/index.php?pallabra=azufre">azufre</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166_12-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166_12-1">11,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166_12-2">11,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJakubke1994{{{c}}}166_12-3">11,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFJakubke1994">Jakubke, 1994</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522–1523-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522–1523_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFHaire2006">Haire, 2006</a>, páxs. 1522–1523.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1526-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1526_14-0">13,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1526_14-1">13,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFHaire2006">Haire, 2006</a>, p. 1526.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1525-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1525_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFHaire2006">Haire, 2006</a>, p. 1525.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESzwacki2010{{{c}}}80-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESzwacki2010{{{c}}}80_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFSzwacki2010">Szwacki, 2010</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-0">16,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-1">16,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-2">16,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-3">16,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-4">16,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-5">16,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Neil2006{{{c}}}276_18-6">16,6</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFO'Neil2006">O'Neil, 2006</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522_19-0">17,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522_19-1">17,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1522_19-2">17,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFHaire2006">Haire, 2006</a>, p. 1522.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECotton1999{{{c}}}1163-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECotton1999{{{c}}}1163_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCotton1999">Cotton, 1999</a>, p. 1163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg2004{{{c}}}-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg2004{{{c}}}_23-0">19,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg2004{{{c}}}_23-1">19,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFSeaborg2004">Seaborg, 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8_24-0">20,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8_24-1">20,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8_24-2">20,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECRC2006{{{c}}}4.8_24-3">20,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCRC2006">CRC, 2006</a>, p. 4.8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emeleus-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Emeleus_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" id="Referencia-Emeleus-1987">Emeleus, H. J. (1987).  Academic Press: <i>Advances in Inorganic Chemistry</i>. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-12-023631-2" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-12-023631-2">ISBN 978-0-12-023631-2</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1504-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1504_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFHaire2006">Haire, 2006</a>, p. 1504.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFHicks,_D._A.Pyle1955">Hicks, D. A. (1955). «Multiplicity of Neutrons from the Spontaneous Fission of Californium-252»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Physical Review</i> <b>97</b> (2):  páxs. 564–565. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.97.564">10.1103/PhysRev.97.564</a></span></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955PhRv...97..564H">1955PhRv...97..564H</a></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Multiplicity+of+Neutrons+from+the+Spontaneous+Fission+of+Californium-252&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.aulast=Hicks%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Hicks%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Pyle%2C%26%2332%3BRobert+V.&rft.date=1955&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B564%E2%80%93565&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRev.97.564&rft_id=info:bibcode/1955PhRv...97..564H&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFHicks,_D._A.Pyle1955">Hicks, D. A. (1955). «Spontaneous-Fission Neutrons of Californium-252 and Curium-244»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Physical Review</i> <b>98</b> (5):  páxs. 1521–1523. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.98.1521">10.1103/PhysRev.98.1521</a></span></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955PhRv...98.1521H">1955PhRv...98.1521H</a></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spontaneous-Fission+Neutrons+of+Californium-252+and+Curium-244&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.aulast=Hicks%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Hicks%2C+D.+A.&rft.au=Pyle%2C%26%2332%3BRobert+V.&rft.date=1955&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B1521%E2%80%931523&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRev.98.1521&rft_id=info:bibcode/1955PhRv...98.1521H&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFHjalmar,_Y.;_Slätis,_H.;_Thompson,_S.G.1955">Hjalmar, Y.; Slätis, H.; Thompson, S.G. (1955). «Energy Spectrum of Neutrons from Spontaneous Fission of Californium-252»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Physical Review</i> <b>100</b> (5):  páxs. 1542–1543. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.100.1542">10.1103/PhysRev.100.1542</a></span></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955PhRv..100.1542H">1955PhRv..100.1542H</a></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Energy+Spectrum+of+Neutrons+from+Spontaneous+Fission+of+Californium-252&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.aulast=Hjalmar%2C+Y.%3B+Sl%C3%A4tis%2C+H.%3B+Thompson%2C+S.G.&rft.au=Hjalmar%2C+Y.%3B+Sl%C3%A4tis%2C+H.%3B+Thompson%2C+S.G.&rft.date=1955&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B1542%E2%80%931543&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRev.100.1542&rft_id=info:bibcode/1955PhRv..100.1542H&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-osti-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-osti_31-0">26,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-osti_31-1">26,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-osti_31-2">26,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-osti_31-3">26,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFMartin,_R._C.;_Knauer,_J._B.;_Balo,_P._A.1999">Martin, R. C.; Knauer, J. B.; Balo, P. A. (1999). «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/bridge/purl.cover.jsp?purl=/15053-AE6cnN/native/">Production, Distribution, and Applications of Californium-252 Neutron Sources</a>»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Applied Radiation and Isotopes</i> <b>53</b> (4–5):  páxs. 785–92. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0969-8043%2800%2900214-1">10.1016/S0969-8043(00)00214-1</a></span></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11003521">11003521</a></small><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.osti.gov/bridge/purl.cover.jsp?purl=/15053-AE6cnN/native/">http://www.osti.gov/bridge/purl.cover.jsp?purl=/15053-AE6cnN/native/</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Production%2C+Distribution%2C+and+Applications+of+Californium-252+Neutron+Sources&rft.jtitle=Applied+Radiation+and+Isotopes&rft.aulast=Martin%2C+R.+C.%3B+Knauer%2C+J.+B.%3B+Balo%2C+P.+A.&rft.au=Martin%2C+R.+C.%3B+Knauer%2C+J.+B.%3B+Balo%2C+P.+A.&rft.date=1999&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4%E2%80%935&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B785%E2%80%9392&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0969-8043%2800%2900214-1&rft_id=info:pmid/11003521&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbridge%2Fpurl.cover.jsp%3Fpurl%3D%2F15053-AE6cnN%2Fnative%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103_32-0">27,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103_32-1">27,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103_32-2">27,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}103_32-3">27,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCunningham1968">Cunningham, 1968</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFThompson,_S._G.Street,_Jr._K.;_Ghiorso,_A.;_Seaborg,_G._T.1950">Thompson, S. G.; Street, Jr. K.; Ghiorso, A.; Seaborg, G. T. (1950). «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://escholarship.org/uc/item/44g7z6hk">Element 98</a>»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Physical Review</i> <b>78</b> (3):  p. 298. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.78.298.2">10.1103/PhysRev.78.298.2</a></span></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950PhRv...78..298T">1950PhRv...78..298T</a></small><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://escholarship.org/uc/item/44g7z6hk">http://escholarship.org/uc/item/44g7z6hk</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Element+98&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.aulast=Thompson%2C+S.+G.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+S.+G.&rft.au=Street%2C+Jr.+K.%3B+Ghiorso%2C+A.%3B+Seaborg%2C+G.+T.&rft.date=1950&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp.%26nbsp%3B298&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRev.78.298.2&rft_id=info:bibcode/1950PhRv...78..298T&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F44g7z6hk&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Y98-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Y98_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFThompson,_S._G.Street,_Jr._K.;_Ghiorso,_A.;_Seaborg,_G._T.1950">Thompson, S. G.; Street, Jr. K.; Ghiorso, A.; Seaborg, G. T. (1950). «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0050.pdf">The New Element Californium (Atomic Number 98)</a>»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Physical Review</i> <b>80</b> (5):  p. 790. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.80.790">10.1103/PhysRev.80.790</a></span></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950PhRv...80..790T">1950PhRv...80..790T</a></small><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0050.pdf">http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/documents/fullText/ACC0050.pdf</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+New+Element+Californium+%28Atomic+Number+98%29&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.aulast=Thompson%2C+S.+G.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+S.+G.&rft.au=Street%2C+Jr.+K.%3B+Ghiorso%2C+A.%3B+Seaborg%2C+G.+T.&rft.date=1950&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp.%26nbsp%3B790&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRev.80.790&rft_id=info:bibcode/1950PhRv...80..790T&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Faccomplishments%2Fdocuments%2FfullText%2FACC0050.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFStreet,_K.,_Jr.;_Thompson,_S._G.;_Seaborg,_G._T.1950">Street, K., Jr.; Thompson, S. G.; Seaborg, G. T. (1950). «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA319899&allugamientu=O2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf">Chemical Properties of Californium</a>»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i> <b>72</b> (10):  p. 4832. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01166a528">10.1021/ja01166a528</a></span></small><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA319899&allugamientu=O2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf">http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA319899&allugamientu=O2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chemical+Properties+of+Californium&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.aulast=Street%2C+K.%2C+Jr.%3B+Thompson%2C+S.+G.%3B+Seaborg%2C+G.+T.&rft.au=Street%2C+K.%2C+Jr.%3B+Thompson%2C+S.+G.%3B+Seaborg%2C+G.+T.&rft.date=1950&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp.%26nbsp%3B4832&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fja01166a528&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtic.mil%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetTRDoc%3FAD%3DADA319899%26allugamientu%3DO2%26doc%3DGetTRDoc.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1996{{{c}}}82-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1996{{{c}}}82_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFSeaborg1996">Seaborg, 1996</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}849-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}849_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFWeeks1968">Weeks, 1968</a>, p. 849.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}848-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}848_38-0">33,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeeks1968{{{c}}}848_38-1">33,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFWeeks1968">Weeks, 1968</a>, p. 848.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}347-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}347_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFHeiserman1992">Heiserman, 1992</a>, p. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFDiamond,_H._et_al.1954">Diamond, H. <i>et al.</i> (1954). «Identification of Californium Isotopes 249, 250, 251, and 252 from Pile-Irradiated Plutonium»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Physical_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Physical Review (la páxina nun esiste)">Physical Review</a></i> <b>94</b> (4):  páxs. 1083. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.94.1083">10.1103/PhysRev.94.1083</a></span></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1954PhRv...94.1083D">1954PhRv...94.1083D</a></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Californium+Isotopes+249%2C+250%2C+251%2C+and+252+from+Pile-Irradiated+Plutonium&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BPhysical+Review%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Diamond%2C+H.+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.au=Diamond%2C+H.+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.date=1954&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B1083&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRev.94.1083&rft_id=info:bibcode/1954PhRv...94.1083D&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal">«Element 98 Prepared». <i>Science News Letters</i> <b>78</b> (26). December 1960.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Element+98+Prepared&rft.jtitle=Science+News+Letters&rft.date=December+1960&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=26&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527164346/http://web.ornl.gov/sci/rrd/pages/hfir.html">The High Flux Isotope Reactor</a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(inglés)</span></span>.  Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archiváu dende l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.ornl.gov/sci/rrd/pages/hfir.html">orixinal</a>, el 2010-05-27. Consultáu'l 11 d'ochobre de 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}11-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}11_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFOsborne-Lee1995">Osborne-Lee, 1995</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061213032416/http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/B31B4EF0-A584-4CC6-9B14-B5Y89Y6848F8/0/plutoniumandaldermaston.pdf">Plutonium and Aldermaston – an Historical Account</a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(inglés)</span></span>.  UK Ministry of Defence (4 de setiembre de 2001). Archiváu dende l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/B31B4EF0-A584-4CC6-9B14-B5Y89Y6848F8/0/plutoniumandaldermaston.pdf">orixinal</a>, el 2006-12-13. Consultáu'l 11 d'ochobre de 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}6-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}6_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFOsborne-Lee1995">Osborne-Lee, 1995</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1519-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1519_48-0">41,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1519_48-1">41,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFHaire2006">Haire, 2006</a>, p. 1519.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal">«Crystal Structure and Melting Point of Californium Metal»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry</i> <b>36</b> (6):  páxs. 1295. 1974. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-1902%2874%2980067-9">10.1016/0022-1902(74)80067-9</a></span></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Crystal+Structure+and+Melting+Point+of+Californium+Metal&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Inorganic+and+Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.date=1974&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B1295&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0022-1902%2874%2980067-9&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFZachariasen1975">Zachariasen, W. (1975). «On Californium Metal»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry</i> <b>37</b> (6):  páxs. 1441–1442. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-1902%2875%2980787-1">10.1016/0022-1902(75)80787-1</a></span></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+Californium+Metal&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Inorganic+and+Nuclear+Chemistry&rft.aulast=Zachariasen&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Zachariasen%2C%26%2332%3BW.&rft.date=1975&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B1441%E2%80%931442&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0022-1902%2875%2980787-1&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANL2005-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ANL2005_52-0">44,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ANL2005_52-1">44,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ANL2005_52-2">44,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ANL2005_52-3">44,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ANL2005_52-4">44,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ANL2005_52-5">44,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">ANL contributors (August 2005). «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evs.anl.gov/pub/doc/Californium.pdf">Human Health Fact Sheet: Californium</a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(inglés)</span></span>.  Argonne National Laboratory. Consultáu'l 11 d'ochobre de 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emsley-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-emsley_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" id="Referencia-Emsley-2011">Emsley, John (2011).  Oxford University Press: <i>Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</i> (n'inglés). <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-960563-7" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-960563-7">ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmsley2001{{{c}}}90-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmsley2001{{{c}}}90_54-0">46,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmsley2001{{{c}}}90_54-1">46,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFEmsley2001">Emsley, 2001</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFFields,_P._R._et_al.1956">Fields, P. R. <i>et al.</i> (1956). «Transplutonium Elements in Thermonuclear Test Debris»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Physical Review</i> <b>102</b> (1):  páxs. 180–182. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRev.102.180">10.1103/PhysRev.102.180</a></span></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1956PhRv..102..180F">1956PhRv..102..180F</a></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Transplutonium+Elements+in+Thermonuclear+Test+Debris&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review&rft.aulast=Fields%2C+P.+R.+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.au=Fields%2C+P.+R.+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.date=1956&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B180%E2%80%93182&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRev.102.180&rft_id=info:bibcode/1956PhRv..102..180F&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERuiz-Lapuente1996{{{c}}}274-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERuiz-Lapuente1996{{{c}}}274_56-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFRuiz-Lapuente1996">Ruiz-Lapuente1996,</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrebs2006{{{c}}}327–328-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrebs2006{{{c}}}327–328_57-0">49,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrebs2006{{{c}}}327–328_57-1">49,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFKrebs2006">Krebs, 2006</a>, páxs. 327–328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}348-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}348_58-0">50,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeiserman1992{{{c}}}348_58-1">50,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFHeiserman1992">Heiserman, 1992</a>, p. 348.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}105-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}105_59-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCunningham1968">Cunningham, 1968</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1503-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaire2006{{{c}}}1503_60-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFHaire2006">Haire, 2006</a>, p. 1503.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENRC2008{{{c}}}33-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENRC2008{{{c}}}33_61-0">53,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENRC2008{{{c}}}33_61-1">53,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFNRC2008">NRC, 2008</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1994{{{c}}}245-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1994{{{c}}}245_62-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFSeaborg1994">Seaborg, 1994</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shuler, James. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090801110034/http://rampac.energy.gov/PCN/EM-PCP-certified-pkgs-8808.pdf">DOE Certified Radioactive Materials Transportation Packagings</a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(inglés)</span></span>.  United States Department of Energy. Consultáu'l 11 d'ochobre de 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin2000-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Martin2000_64-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-book">Martin, R. C.. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ornl.gov/~webworks/cpr/pres/107270_.pdf">Applications and Availability of Californium-252 Neutron Sources for Waste Characterization</a>»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés, PDF)</span>. Spectrum 2000 International Conference on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management. Chattanooga, Tennessee.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Applications+and+Availability+of+Californium-252+Neutron+Sources+for+Waste+Characterization&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft.au=Martin%2C%26%2332%3BR.+C.&rft.series=Spectrum+2000+International+Conference+on+Nuclear+and+Hazardous+Waste+Management&rft.place=Chattanooga%2C+Tennessee&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeaborg1990{{{c}}}318-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeaborg1990{{{c}}}318_65-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFSeaborg1990">Seaborg, 1990</a>, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}33-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}33_67-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFOsborne-Lee1995">Osborne-Lee, 1995</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}26–27-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}26–27_68-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFOsborne-Lee1995">Osborne-Lee, 1995</a>, páxs. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016095152/http://www.pnl.gov/news/2000/00-43.htm">Will You be 'Mine'? Physics Key to Detection</a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(inglés)</span></span>.  Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (25 d'ochobre de 2000). Archiváu dende l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnl.gov/news/2000/00-43.htm">orixinal</a>, el 2008-10-16. Consultáu'l 11 d'ochobre de 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFDavis,_S._N.BentleyStiles2006">Davis, S. N. (2006). «Ground-Water Tracers – A Short Review»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Ground Water</i> <b>18</b> (1):  páxs. 14–23. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6584.1980.tb03366.x">10.1111/j.1745-6584.1980.tb03366.x</a></span></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ground-Water+Tracers+%E2%80%93+A+Short+Review&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.aulast=Davis%2C+S.+N.&rft.au=Davis%2C+S.+N.&rft.au=Bentley%2C%26%2332%3BHarold+W.&rft.au=Stiles%2C%26%2332%3BGary&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B14%E2%80%9323&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6584.1980.tb03366.x&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}12-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}12_71-0">62,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOsborne-Lee1995{{{c}}}12_71-1">62,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFOsborne-Lee1995">Osborne-Lee, 1995</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/transport/doc/irsn_sect03_146.pdf">Evaluation of nuclear criticality safety data and limits for actinides in transport</a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(inglés)</span></span>.  Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire. Archiváu dende l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/transport/doc/irsn_sect03_146.pdf">orixinal</a>, el 26 de payares de 2015. Consultáu'l 11 d'ochobre de 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OiEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA180">Facts and Fallacies of World War III</a>»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popular_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popular Science (la páxina nun esiste)">Popular Science</a></i> <b>179</b> (1):  p. 180. July 1961. <small><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0161-7370">0161-7370</a></small><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OiEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA180">https://books.google.com/books?id=OiEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA180</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Facts+and+Fallacies+of+World+War+III&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BPopular+Science%5D%5D&rft.date=July+1961&rft.volume=179&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp.%26nbsp%3B180&rft.issn=0161-7370&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOiEDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal">«Element 103 Synthesized»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Science News-Letter</i> <b>79</b> (17):  p. 259. April 1961.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Element+103+Synthesized&rft.jtitle=Science+News-Letter&rft.date=April+1961&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp.%26nbsp%3B259&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFOganessian,_Yu._Ts._et_al.2006">Oganessian, Yu. Ts. <i>et al.</i> (2006). «Synthesis of the isotopes of elements 118 and 116 in the californium-249 and <sup>245</sup>Cm+<sup>48</sup>Ca fusion reactions»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Physical Review C</i> <b>74</b> (4):  páxs. 044602–044611. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevC.74.044602">10.1103/PhysRevC.74.044602</a></span></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhRvC..74d4602O">2006PhRvC..74d4602O</a></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+the+isotopes+of+elements+118+and+116+in+the+californium-249+and+%3Csup%3E245%3C%2Fsup%3ECm%2B%3Csup%3E48%3C%2Fsup%3ECa+fusion+reactions&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+C&rft.aulast=Oganessian%2C+Yu.+Ts.+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.au=Oganessian%2C+Yu.+Ts.+%27%27et+al.%27%27&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%26nbsp%3Bp%C3%A1xs.%26nbsp%3B044602%E2%80%93044611&rft_id=info:doi/10.1103%2FPhysRevC.74.044602&rft_id=info:bibcode/2006PhRvC..74d4602O&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFSanderson,_K.">Sanderson, K. (17 d'ochobre de 2006). «Heaviest element made – again»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Nature News</i> (Nature). <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnews061016-4">10.1038/news061016-4</a></span></small>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Heaviest+element+made+%E2%80%93+again&rft.jtitle=Nature+News&rft.aulast=Sanderson%2C+K.&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+K.&rft.date=17+d%27ochobre+de+2006&rft.pub=Nature&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnews061016-4&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schewe, P.; Stein, B. (17 d'ochobre de 2006). «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/http://www.aip.org/pnu/2006/797.html">Elements 116 and 118 Are Discovered</a>» <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d)">(inglés)</span></span>. <i>Physics News Update</i>.  American Institute of Physics. Archiváu dende l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/pnu/2006/797.html">orixinal</a>, el 26 de payares de 2015. Consultáu'l 11 d'ochobre de 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}106-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunningham1968{{{c}}}106_79-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITAREFCunningham1968">Cunningham, 1968</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editar seición: Bibliografía" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=12" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITAREFCotton1999">Cotton, F. Albert;  Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999). <i>Advanced Inorganic Chemistry</i>, 6ª (n'inglés), John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-471-19957-1" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-471-19957-1">ISBN 978-0-471-19957-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITAREFCRC1991">CRC contributors (1991). <i>Handbook of Metal Etchants</i> (n'inglés). CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-8493-3623-2" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-8493-3623-2">ISBN 978-0-8493-3623-2</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITAREFCRC2006">CRC contributors (2006). <i>Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>, 87ª (n'inglés), CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-8493-0487-3" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-8493-0487-3">ISBN 978-0-8493-0487-3</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="harv">Cunningham, B. B. (1968). «Californium», <i>The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements</i> (n'inglés). Reinhold Book Corporation.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="harv">Emsley, John (1998). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qgYpAAAAYAAJ">The Elements</a></i> (n'inglés). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-855818-7" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-855818-7">ISBN 978-0-19-855818-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="harv">Emsley, John (2001). «Californium», <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yhi5X7OwuGkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</a></i> (n'inglés). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-850340-8" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-19-850340-8">ISBN 978-0-19-850340-8</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITAREFGreenwood1997">Greenwood, N. N.;  Earnshaw, A. (1997). <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i>, 2ª (n'inglés), Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7506-3365-9" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7506-3365-9">ISBN 978-0-7506-3365-9</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="harv">Haire, Richard G. (2006). «Californium», <i>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</i>, 3ª (n'inglés), Springer Science+Business Media. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-4020-3555-5" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-1-4020-3555-5">ISBN 978-1-4020-3555-5</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="harv">Heiserman, David L. (1992). «Element 98: Californium», <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=24l-Cpal9oIC">Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds</a></i> (n'inglés). TAB Books. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-8306-3018-9" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-8306-3018-9">ISBN 978-0-8306-3018-9</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITAREFJakubke1994"> (1994) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Owuv-c9L_IMC&printsec=frontcover">Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry</a></i>, trans. rev. Eagleson, Mary (n'inglés), Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-3-11-011451-5" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-3-11-011451-5">ISBN 978-3-11-011451-5</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="harv">Krebs, Robert (2006). <i>The History and Use of our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide</i> (n'inglés). Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-313-33438-2" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-313-33438-2">ISBN 978-0-313-33438-2</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITAREFNRC2008">National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Radiation Source Use and Replacement (2008). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3cT2REdXJ98C&printsec=frontcover">Radiation Source Use and Replacement: Abbreviated Version</a></i> (n'inglés). National Academies Press. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-309-11014-3" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-309-11014-3">ISBN 978-0-309-11014-3</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITAREFO'Neil2006"> (2006) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kEYfRAAACAAJ">The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals</a></i>, 14ª (n'inglés), Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co.. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-911910-00-1" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-911910-00-1">ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><span class="citation cita-Journal" id="CITAREFOsborne-Llee1995">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=205871">Californium-252: A Remarkable Versatile Radioisotope</a>»<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>. <i>Oak Ridge Technical Report ORNL/TM-12706</i>. 1995. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2172%2F205871">10.2172/205871</a></span></small><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=205871">http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=1&page=0&osti_id=205871</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Californium-252%3A+A+Remarkable+Versatile+Radioisotope&rft.jtitle=Oak+Ridge+Technical+Report+ORNL%2FTM-12706&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info:doi/10.2172%2F205871&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbridge%2Fproduct.biblio.jsp%3Fquery_id%3D1%26page%3D0%26osti_id%3D205871&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITAREFRuiz-Lapuente1996">Ruiz-Lapuente, P.;  Canal, R.;  Isern, J. (1996) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I6Rl1VAAX3QC">Thermonuclear Supernovae</a></i> (n'inglés). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Springer Science+Business Media (la páxina nun esiste)">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7923-4359-2" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7923-4359-2">ISBN 978-0-7923-4359-2</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITAREFSeaborg1990">Seaborg, Glenn T.;  Loveland, Walter D. (1990) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QFhRAAAAMAAJ">The Elements Beyond Uranium</a></i> (n'inglés). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-471-89062-1" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-471-89062-1">ISBN 978-0-471-89062-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="harv">Seaborg, G. T. (1994). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y53sNAOXrdMC&pg=PA245">Modern alchemy: selected papers of Glenn T. Seaborg</a></i> (n'inglés). World Scientific. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-981-02-1440-1" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-981-02-1440-1">ISBN 978-981-02-1440-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="harv">Seaborg, G. T. (1996).  Adloff, J. P.: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=whGiCQywLi8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">One Hundred Years after the Discovery of Radioactivity</a></i> (n'inglés). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-3-486-64252-0" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-3-486-64252-0">ISBN 978-3-486-64252-0</a>.</cite></li> <li><span class="citation cita-genérica" id="CITAREFSeaborg">Seaborg, Glenn T., «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Owuv-c9L_IMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Californium</a>», en Geller, Elizabeth<span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"> (n'inglés)</span>, <i>Californium</i>, McGraw-Hill, p. 94, <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-07-143953-4" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-07-143953-4">978-0-07-143953-4</a></small><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Owuv-c9L_IMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">https://books.google.com/books?id=Owuv-c9L_IMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false</a></span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Californium&rft.atitle=Californium&rft.aulast=Seaborg&rft.aufirst=Glenn+T.&rft.au=Seaborg%2C%26%2332%3BGlenn+T.&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B94&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.isbn=978-0-07-143953-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOwuv-c9L_IMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info:sid/ast.wikipedia.org:Californiu"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="CITAREFSzwacki2010">Szwacki, Nevill Gonzalez;  Szwacka, Teresa (2010) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/39588027/Basic-Elements-of-Crystallography">Basic Elements of Crystallography</a></i> (n'inglés). Pan Stanford. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-981-4241-59-5" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-981-4241-59-5">ISBN 978-981-4241-59-5</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite style="font-style:normal" id="harv">Weeks, Mary Elvira (1968). «21: Modern Alchemy», <i>Discovery of the Elements</i> (n'inglés). Journal of Chemical Education, páx. 848–850. <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7661-3872-8" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-7661-3872-8">ISBN 978-0-7661-3872-8</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californiu&action=edit&section=13" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Enllaces esternos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks commons navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=ast">Wikimedia Commons</a> acueye conteníu multimedia sobre <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Californium" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Californium">Californiu</a></b></i>.</span></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wikcionariu_logo_ast_modernu.svg/20px-Wikcionariu_logo_ast_modernu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wikcionariu_logo_ast_modernu.svg/30px-Wikcionariu_logo_ast_modernu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wikcionariu_logo_ast_modernu.svg/40px-Wikcionariu_logo_ast_modernu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikcionariu" title="Wikcionariu">Wikcionariu</a> tien definiciones y otra información tocante a <b><a href="https://ast.wiktionary.org/wiki/californiu" class="extiw" title="wikt:californiu">californiu</a></b>.<span class="interProject"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq6.html#nfaq6.2">NuclearWeaponArchive.org – Californium</a> (n'inglés)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rel+@na+californium,radioactive">Hazardous Substances Databank – Californium, Radioactive</a> (n'inglés)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/californium">WebElements.com – Californium</a> (n'inglés)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Cf.html">EnvironmentalChemistry.com – Californium</a> (n'inglés)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/98.shtml">Los Alamos National Laboratory – Californium</a> (n'inglés)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2260362">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;background-color:#eaecf0;color:#222222}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control navigation-not-searchable"><div 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4182964">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_d&#039;autoridaes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_d&#039;autoridaes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ayuda:Control_d%27autoridaes" title="Ayuda:Control d'autoridaes">Control d'autoridaes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Proyeutos Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1888" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1888">Q1888</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Californium">Californium</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4147208-1">4147208-1</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh89004338">sh89004338</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00565048">00565048</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300380331">300380331</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedies</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/californium">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Identificadores médicos</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002142">D002142</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">UMLS:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&code=C0006758">C0006758</a></span></li> <li><b>Identificadores químicos</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmberu_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Númberu CAS">Númberu CAS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7440-71-3">7440-71-3</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:33392">33392</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChemSpider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChemSpider (la páxina nun esiste)">ChemSpider</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.22433.html">22433</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubChem (la páxina nun esiste)">PubChem</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/23997">23997</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/975X05H15A">975X05H15A</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMILES&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMILES (la páxina nun esiste)">SMILES</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.simolecule.com/cdkdepict/depict/bow/svg?smi=%5BCf%5D&zoom=2.0&annotate=cip">ID</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Chemical_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Chemical Identifier (la páxina nun esiste)">InChI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?&model=InChI=1S/Cf">ID</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=InChI_key&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="InChI key (la páxina nun esiste)">InChI key</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&db=pccompound&term=%22HGLDOAKPQXAFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N%22%5BInChIKey%5D">ID</a></span></li> <li><b>Identificadores biolóxicos</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7440-71-3">7440-71-3</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1888" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1888">Q1888</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Californium">Californium</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐lsrvg Cached time: 20241122105345 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.195 seconds Real time usage: 1.409 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 49482/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 369062/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 61395/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 26/100 Expensive parser function count: 19/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 84360/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.326/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6528430/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 17/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1204.142 1 -total 30.52% 367.522 2 Plantía:Llistaref 22.64% 272.671 1 Plantía:Control_d'autoridaes 20.71% 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