CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.aps.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e7a981c0e0fcdec',cH: 'AIXseO7f2TCs5OZQdT55uIyB5yzyD2Po8vi8BcUBPxM-1732463840-1.2.1.1-cPlsVpjdmCuODM_VVyFur9q.ORP93sMD1tC7isnVVLBQjkzuVhjQjbHDbC9_kANR',cUPMDTk: "\/pr\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRev.97.564?__cf_chl_tk=W_qgu7iv6KXWxiNqFywmqeIUvoVL3urgRlR4cO3DRBE-1732463840-1.0.1.1-88kyizrkVvUI_v5OfXNr4x3Dd72c9wxgJxEbks3g6Zc",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732463840',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/pr\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRev.97.564?__cf_chl_f_tk=W_qgu7iv6KXWxiNqFywmqeIUvoVL3urgRlR4cO3DRBE-1732463840-1.0.1.1-88kyizrkVvUI_v5OfXNr4x3Dd72c9wxgJxEbks3g6Zc",md: "V_R9xMaE19wJiRw4ekBirPBpYvx8nSxgE7oogiiWi0g-1732463840-1.2.1.1-cT0OBEMldwplf7ZME3MzVYLXszFW2PYlht5iJDiurEWe8Fl5qdIyzkTOsckTRy.IQ40Lc2tzfEiNLc_MdupozVaHmfSGGkmeP979OVX5UeHXVrsxa9iPJUnDjBRrnkYryLSu6KfMgvLNi7W6p0a.SzyuK1Y6C2bcH0vSwCIkFRsZPpa8GZbuMlNnZSHgJyMUrni2kl8Bh4u1.bArL25gKDOA87IjJQRGG8hyHMa9977JlntkgPSlhUK8olY4kgWftzEGTRLP6zf47B7GFYYTejcyv_sWZfTfFAqI8ySeezBfsAb414QkhaRE.Xh2mOYxyZ51PA_DrPYo452fI24ek9.Zpxpsl0ML6DRYJzG_04tW.89K_LnjhfECR4gjCiAdgx6Lx46kkXp.3zH2ua5L3dxUeuwOq.9ui_PY7UVNGKuUtPdIHtCR.rc9eOcXDh07SzsGmMDZfTreeN_HRrRR5ktpt3krG4D_YbuvvaTnFogE8hdZEQ6JDdL_aYcmTICsiuaSOLzqxpz1HRfwhDbXN3xOdGlY0ToCPzh939XJ6ph23mFGB31iEqobEb_48Uh1OJG1oAKVHV4Z4LI9tt1qfMRh64524eZpiLZkw2EJfydLJquJ.cjBQKjgJvUPXHeLY1rjV.V8IIF9UJYkZJx6PVwSW50ONYA9TTA6RUp2vXqDlefrq3NnWPLygfDjrf7LKlMv7uZ8F2QKmGt4cvWuKs4GXxEC3LAaZ4beezrXjEa7m8Alqa6IQoyUvk9mzMc8EId6ZCR34HItuYu2SX8z.OpF0j5lDKXXSA53LUnnWehb5FcI9.zYDmIi8XkyO2ful.3ajZsSO_GcfVTiwRHeKnwiO.hY9vYysVQoZqYT5wmLaAQGSR.7P3rZHvgwZG4CtDQqqvgR8JuMeAKQevOZtRUoDHHUCDeFpY3uAy5NfclJRXC.Bpb7GIa3ttN4opkJ5uazJ04zyE_jzgyWvb73n7f1nrOdoYbczijw4eQN0Wp1i_IGBCdaFW8uIo.f4VZj2x0xIvgWRvnYqmF78L1cgLh3MUMLHAtPUjh2V7uQWat03s8oEvS8s2EvOcNqw5c7g6Ozw3JX1xjfscIw6U5COrwETzXXfGI3AGpA4O92q3IAnfo4hJVZkMYR3sCOQQ5Kj.ZaMvnH885RvFzd_3oTZPcXpmunCcus7rITo9FkVzPDiizKDzFgcd8KNlqYx1HPlBp.PscTuCle4_FH54c_zLWz.jb454AhQMVvTYs7i6i0MHP2M_QPvZpuwjAtU9Omx14HmyQqGBx1lm_RN0VV76FMLrUmIi2q2SljVrpIhTEPjqtXe2gpFxmWDz_bdmaoATbZxPrx2pUIGegugTf6Jp3E_gnXnlV9lG2701Xw2fParxXlyuOqmdvkymIoAMVJ3Kh3xBRDl5Le9wdxj3aOzGR3CgBpjQkAqjKl6G38B9SRgOHcCdr8.0A5ZtkaQJ6bA5WeXoUffVp3Mm0p28Ph7aOiprlYCqiK1gxs298pRwYGS8IrAxiDipQriqiR6ifiMqZjxjsITf236oqw.xjk2JQIkfKShtNWqnWM.0li8B50u56bH_ajOFvzkkuSWu_vmoBbBDWb45R6grlxmA__6Q6BLlCX_TpzfRfyujoDfwnt7sNhVzugGPdVFF7oCoIJZ4i5ssS5tU.lj.8yikhV__2JUHsNO5AcWOt69UllUDwic7OJ9BCx641SNy6lDVB6heqRP80xVY8Ym9ujYIu2txXR8E50i089am3oMniFTmrfO9cERoHgzd7zRYZsfq8PS6.jtSt7JbZE7CUl4FBdlIAvbwm4GEDpnaCne3danhPztXAwjEp3LMQLwtg57A.p0HWkPSK2_hkaTKecIC8psK4vTZ0GHY3.84rbhWUBAzk5GzyEiTpm_MMaKr21CH5mOLui9u0aPIn0QvjaY238EeGIjzgoj58MttyJjYdaOI._3L2ULkKJgnrKglHOkGtZSF9atjwbUF22AOsAnhHorBeejQh6YMUiqftYicJHUV34mRH_ZDlfcpFmlGpq4H9bJPhXvv1EOUNUvEyf2m_Au3xJ9ezGsgssU5IaVig34ZtIRsDFjWzxcxJi7I_m.oKyJzUhq1UcFRFz.9YLeFr9An3YdWvZcmRPcczodv.3ljIkE3H8lrmya7JamGkgnlKnfB6T6x6LyEBmVo1MlozNLSU0YhcuKO9t2P5soz1.6q3NEHNPwNj_I4Fxe8eodaBDa8PU9QBDcFXJvKbpLNRooj43mg.2HkJZI5jV4kJgZLyAtqByU4Evj6Qy_gP7pwqJ0fhmSNgpeXbh0wUq9iS3zytkro4HKkxIEECjDQMAOAPmeoii92DV2DyTrts_trMaHtNF.0ffuSv3IgDiR9g6u7mGzJCLqzU1aAXKK3_QzI0yYtItUcx0Ks3XmQZq5lyWRK5RbNWxIdehy8xmT8reqHucsxTYIBFf.1XUn6Y75okWnNj.wP2G_EjvHR8_ZmCIbwtUgKIKlTdbnlj1WcPZq2uQiviJ8RWaSlV98OP9I8raYd_RWQ9HaqTSDma4GKY2Rs7JZAZcCzGmioVfDKQ7P3eBfAuyrqhOdWjkU1jHPT76JS8vRdTC4.7hQZ82syoZWvm7xKfxC4TqxbXi.iebMkiMU4c.u9ulQHUq2kuG3eXAVPhKeuCyZr8zc1EIGakOiIoLCvwKYyL7nPkmA8Y28FTNBpMCSdo5GlIJNIr5XKq4fD9kJtSkJUQuCUF_Q5y_bAkAQ4CHH9Un03eVd.18fALvirl0NJAA8zV_Qv2scXTFex9P1hLfgnZJ7X8KlapAGn4n.N5yrsflBT3tAR2FgP_7rE0EXESkD2KK3PRJpHOljpffac9uFgri01n5.fqJQoLSc86t61f8BofcdMs75B7qg2ZDAQ267TClWMNpweqvD7Z8hH8S5e60pM0oVOuI3EzZC3jbCYCzrRvuRBhbxA",mdrd: "GSzJ9H3CcvRv.7C.7hziPYRXRJlwaToRBTs4x67JL04-1732463840-1.2.1.1-cz5JoAvAZuBIU4xR29fe9WqfDdDUnHnYN8GPHTOzbeZcLamW5Gtk2KxejMlTXnxsMgwuHBSSrUy2p_xXcmnTjdpUEIi9E2PnxjBotHdeWr9i0XcDA1Fj_hcUlzohKJPA_q6Ca6RVeKXvyS_daf3zsW6f.AwS6TUncOMua4jrtkQre4yNw9oymx7NTQ4AAolarTzkzC8JLN558K96WGl2NZ03avHhj1wOEFo.RQoAB.hs5tpG58el9biuexhbqcVhNppE8q8ryffmfyQgDE.QE53avoLWwPXpn9LZqfVua7gFwyAqaN9JlRfKFdlpVnN_glSD8DG_SQW6R6xm.4OQvpAeCBJDRsDMylC48WRTTIb_P_Tg5hc5ZQzab2Zyd6.vu1jlZrA90jBIXCRLrIVCR3RCIjAPKAGrBjpkHcaFdLXVyOJfTaH_8_E3triuZHXg_qci8YQFDQvqLS8gwxlYTgK731oUNopQJJEFSneMA0mkk1_1oZZoxJRPqTfBMX6LE5iTzgcDF6U_PKEs6afQ0LPzG15Hg17JTl6wtrgR6rjxvfxCTuUoNumsBIz3SZSVDB.d243CFn3zdkK5gwyB9tD5XrUlO8EzlC5uonyrdCJXfwaZHwFyb0NKevSOozahCamEequY5BsWh.Sk0978xQIcQ24MtWlhHFFDQalDMSqDxHpAkEptJ0JeghDMiDDHbohiwsoldcEnM43gAnL9bau3qiLIRJJWpuTgMtwSduWhZUmN2h4OVqTX.u2.xxrc8vjE6rJjyGPh4rIRwkdf.mf1zxk_mDM3yULamgIQ60Hvb.9GD5zULgWsJVCx96vKdWEU2nnm4sw1ZI_poMyw4OjyMZXJp151JCjvSt5IU0yOdgfdDOR7LoGOmzm5rqznfaKjD1iXo3cGjSiBX_bnSBjwo8BhtduWgXEjneOg4lyL1gdMb2Os_0xFraPYTetJIiKAfQWGyIGp1JJkKHy2gyeXQl1QMjNuF3pv6_XBBmGrgXxdA5swSwTOgmQBKxmfcuP_lzmkkNZU5T2IsiphoXHw67_0fZEH2pmAe8vhBn.byBz0NMFDI4D_JT4fqqArvt2B1An5XE79WAqcGzx4VBYWt97LGoBwZygL8yuNicxOK9rYHGKtB8uxBOIDfODNz8dZgozp5I9JFoX6HuPyAQM.tahJfdQdVyZjOIBRDjUxEfaguJH63gyVZ9FJooaJd6UzhbLPxIgLXn2UMX1Z0Tclo08tmCvcezg8Ebgh2V9elCJYqx3t26ZggeTqXnjEoz0Ch75N4IDrn3VKt0.4FBdSFjBqS.xXrzVQeQxaYw6lljN8PWsprbeaLMpZLIiLbD4uYBYjHaTrfxeSVLof8IGR.0i01OEMzJQdOAtcnpQXHuCjv41PTODOfulK9smNx1ErLwx6tu.fFqNE0OTxBVy2XSZr3FX6U7ZexlQH0S4VqZIpr_ziFsgbGZ7TKAeX3B2f7rSkKjloyI86sauwuPFZc.Hr3RCdzmhPKQcO9MnmNMqCQSFvpEc4c_URl8KZ58TSVtSyWlfZBRTpJRlIF2yHGjCnHUWOSE9lNx_J18_Jp84hwCVnSDjNZDLDHVqgrjzCDX6L6.sXbGUHvSRpcK5g9DUnUvmgNea817DSntbT5IGYkIh.qmPixNZy7II0y.62Hkpxb9Pz60LSC9l1dPFM6Y0pOrmDIPcv5l0RACFvn6f5H.Husyyrrr6NWaWM_iD83SfqP5wEHliSGRNuyBfoeYQ4m_FbkPRC5kLO09E0m7z_lbp1OPnR4s.2LLnNKFcFhq0ogt7woR3LwPJfwSA.Sr3F6gXnu0iptYLra0dsSKlV.jMrX2YkAbdWUVQ7OO3F9zi_.mXOm.xyKvQvEhgX1A_zcvx5aj4e.p6_Di5rDXBZumGgO1pdZfuZj1vvh8KpC.kb9d_dOCyX0DBo5P4tgxy1I_rKeqr3J15AcmQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e7a981c0e0fcdec';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/pr\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRev.97.564?__cf_chl_rt_tk=W_qgu7iv6KXWxiNqFywmqeIUvoVL3urgRlR4cO3DRBE-1732463840-1.0.1.1-88kyizrkVvUI_v5OfXNr4x3Dd72c9wxgJxEbks3g6Zc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>