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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Postwar years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Catcher_in_the_Rye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 The Catcher in the Rye </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Catcher_in_the_Rye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_in_the_1950s_and_move_to_Cornish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_in_the_1950s_and_move_to_Cornish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Writing in the 1950s and move to Cornish </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_in_the_1950s_and_move_to_Cornish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_marriage,_family,_and_spiritual_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_marriage,_family,_and_spiritual_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Second marriage, family, and spiritual beliefs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_marriage,_family,_and_spiritual_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_publications_and_Maynard_relationship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_publications_and_Maynard_relationship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Last publications and Maynard relationship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_publications_and_Maynard_relationship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Legal conflicts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_publicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_publicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Later publicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_publicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Posthumous publications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_style_and_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_style_and_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Literary style and themes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_style_and_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Influence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 List of works </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle List of works subsection </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collected_short_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collected_short_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Collected short stories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collected_short_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_stories_(uncollected)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_stories_(uncollected)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Published stories (uncollected) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_stories_(uncollected)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unpublished_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unpublished_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.4 Unpublished stories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unpublished_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_portrayals_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_portrayals_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Media portrayals and references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_portrayals_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">J. D. Salinger</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" > 86 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B4%E1%89%AA%E1%8B%B5_%E1%88%B3%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%80%E1%88%AD" title="ዴቪድ ሳልንጀር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዴቪድ ሳልንጀር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="جيروم ديفيد سالينجر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيروم ديفيد سالينجر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerom_Selincer" title="Cerom Selincer – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cerom Selincer" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C._%D8%AF%DB%8C._%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="جی. دی. سالینجر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جی. دی. سالینجر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87._%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF._%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="জে. ডি. স্যালিঞ্জার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জে. ডি. স্যালিঞ্জার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джером Дэвид Сэлинджер – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Джером Дэвид Сэлинджер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Джэром Дэвід Сэлінджэр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джэром Дэвід Сэлінджэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Джэром Сэлінджэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Джэром Сэлінджэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Джеръм Дейвид Селинджър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джеръм Дейвид Селинджър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.D._Salinger" title="J.D. Salinger – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="J.D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BC_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Τζερόμ Ντέιβιντ Σάλιντζερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζερόμ Ντέιβιντ Σάλιντζερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C._%D8%AF%DB%8C._%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="جی. دی. سلینجر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جی. دی. سلینجر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.D._Salinger" title="J.D. Salinger – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="J.D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.D._Salinger" title="J.D. Salinger – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="J.D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%A1%AC_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EC%83%90%EB%A6%B0%EC%A0%80" title="제롬 데이비드 샐린저 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제롬 데이비드 샐린저" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4_%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A4_%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ջերոմ Դեյվիդ Սելինջեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերոմ Դեյվիդ Սելինջեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%27%D7%A8" title="ג'רום דייוויד סלינג'ר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'רום דייוויד סלינג'ר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯერომ სელინჯერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯერომ სელინჯერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джером Дэвид Сэлинджер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джером Дэвид Сэлинджер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Жером Дэвид Сэлинжер – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жером Дэвид Сэлинжер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymus_David_Salinger" title="Hieronymus David Salinger – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hieronymus David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeroms_Deivids_Selind%C5%BEers" title="Džeroms Deivids Selindžers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džeroms Deivids Selindžers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F._%D0%94._%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Џ. Д. Селинџер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џ. Д. Селинџер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86.%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF._%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BC" title="ജെ.ഡി. സാലിംഗർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെ.ഡി. സാലിംഗർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჯერომ სელინჯერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯერომ სელინჯერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="جيروم ديفيد سالينجر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيروم ديفيد سالينجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.D._Salinger" title="J.D. Salinger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="J.D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E3%83%BBD%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="J・D・サリンジャー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="J・D・サリンジャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.D._Salinger" title="J.D. Salinger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="J.D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.D._Salinger" title="J.D. Salinger – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="J.D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜੇ ਡੀ ਸੇਲਿੰਗਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇ ਡੀ ਸੇਲਿੰਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="جیروم ڈیوڈ سیلنگر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیروم ڈیوڈ سیلنگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.D._Salinger" title="J.D. Salinger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="J.D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джером Дейвид Селинджер – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Джером Дейвид Селинджер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Сэлинджер, Джером Дэвид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сэлинджер, Джером Дэвид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Salinger" title="Jerome David Salinger – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jerome David Salinger" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%85_%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%B1" title="جێرۆم دەیڤید سالینجەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جێرۆم دەیڤید سالینجەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Џером Дејвид Селинџер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џером Дејвид Селинџер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.D._Salinger" title="J.D. Salinger – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="J.D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%87._%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF._%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜே. டி. சாலிஞ்சர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜே. டி. சாலிஞ்சர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88._%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5._%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เจ. ดี. แซลินเจอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจ. ดี. แซลินเจอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Джером Девід Селінджер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джером Девід Селінджер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC" title="杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%9E%97%E5%82%91" title="沙林傑 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="沙林傑" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._D._Salinger" title="J. D. Salinger – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="J. D. Salinger" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC" title="杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q79904#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=J.D._Salinger&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="J.D. Salinger">J.D. Salinger</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American writer (1919–2010)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">J. D. Salinger</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:J._D._Salinger_(Catcher_in_the_Rye_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salinger in 1950"><img alt="Salinger in 1950" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/J._D._Salinger_%28Catcher_in_the_Rye_portrait%29.jpg/220px-J._D._Salinger_%28Catcher_in_the_Rye_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/J._D._Salinger_%28Catcher_in_the_Rye_portrait%29.jpg/330px-J._D._Salinger_%28Catcher_in_the_Rye_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/J._D._Salinger_%28Catcher_in_the_Rye_portrait%29.jpg/440px-J._D._Salinger_%28Catcher_in_the_Rye_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="1426" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Salinger in 1950</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Jerome David Salinger (1919-01-01)January 1, 1919 <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">January 27, 2010(2010-01-27) (aged 91) <a href="/wiki/Cornish,_New_Hampshire" title="Cornish, New Hampshire">Cornish, New Hampshire</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li>Novelist</li><li>short-story writer</li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ursinus_College" title="Ursinus College">Ursinus College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1940-1965</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye">The Catcher in the Rye</a> (1951)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Stories_(Salinger)" title="Nine Stories (Salinger)">Nine Stories</a> (1953)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Franny_and_Zooey" title="Franny and Zooey">Franny and Zooey</a> (1961)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Raise_High_the_Roof_Beam,_Carpenters_and_Seymour:_An_Introduction" title="Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction">Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction</a> (1963)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Sylvia Welter</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1945; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1947)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Claire Douglas</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1955; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1967)</div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Colleen O'Neill</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1988)</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">2, including <a href="/wiki/Matt_Salinger" title="Matt Salinger">Matt</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:J._D._Salinger_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/J._D._Salinger_Signature.svg/150px-J._D._Salinger_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/J._D._Salinger_Signature.svg/225px-J._D._Salinger_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/J._D._Salinger_Signature.svg/300px-J._D._Salinger_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="34" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Jerome David Salinger (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsælɪndʒər/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">SAL-in-jər</a>; January 1, 1919 – January 27, 2010) was an American author best known for his 1951 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye">The Catcher in the Rye</a>. Salinger published several short stories in <a href="/wiki/Story_(magazine)" title="Story (magazine)">Story</a> magazine in 1940, before serving in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> In 1948, his critically acclaimed story "<a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Day_for_Bananafish" title="A Perfect Day for Bananafish">A Perfect Day for Bananafish</a>" appeared in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>, which published much of his later work.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The Catcher in the Rye (1951) was an immediate popular success; Salinger's depiction of adolescent <a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">alienation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Innocence#Loss_of_innocence" title="Innocence">loss of innocence</a> was influential, especially among <a href="/wiki/Junior_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior fiction">adolescent readers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sonny-4">[4]</a> The novel was widely read and controversial,<a href="#cite_note-5">[a]</a> and its success led to public attention and scrutiny. Salinger became <a href="/wiki/Reclusive" class="mw-redirect" title="Reclusive">reclusive</a>, publishing less frequently. He followed Catcher with a short story collection, <a href="/wiki/Nine_Stories_(Salinger)" title="Nine Stories (Salinger)">Nine Stories</a> (1953); <a href="/wiki/Franny_and_Zooey" title="Franny and Zooey">Franny and Zooey</a> (1961), a volume containing a novella and a short story; and a volume containing two novellas, <a href="/wiki/Raise_High_the_Roof_Beam,_Carpenters_and_Seymour:_An_Introduction" title="Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction">Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction</a> (1963). Salinger's last published work, the novella <a href="/wiki/Hapworth_16,_1924" title="Hapworth 16, 1924">Hapworth 16, 1924</a>, appeared in The New Yorker on June 19, 1965. Afterward, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hamilton_(critic)" title="Ian Hamilton (critic)">Ian Hamilton</a> and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Maynard" title="Joyce Maynard">Joyce Maynard</a>, an ex-lover; and his daughter, Margaret Salinger. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1133_Park_Avenue_cloudy_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/1133_Park_Avenue_cloudy_jeh.jpg/220px-1133_Park_Avenue_cloudy_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/1133_Park_Avenue_cloudy_jeh.jpg/330px-1133_Park_Avenue_cloudy_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/1133_Park_Avenue_cloudy_jeh.jpg/440px-1133_Park_Avenue_cloudy_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2994" data-file-height="3595" /></a><figcaption>Where Salinger grew up, 1133 <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> Jerome David Salinger was born in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, New York, on January 1, 1919.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> His father, Sol Salinger, traded in <a href="/wiki/Kosher_foods" title="Kosher foods">Kosher</a> cheese, and was from a family of <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian-Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian-Jewish">Lithuanian-Jewish</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Sol's father was the rabbi for <a href="/wiki/Adath_Jeshurun_Congregation" title="Adath Jeshurun Congregation">Adath Jeshurun Congregation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> Salinger's mother, Marie (née Jillich), was born in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic,_Iowa" title="Atlantic, Iowa">Atlantic, Iowa</a>, of German, Irish, and Scottish descent,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-D._Salinger_2007-11">[10]</a> "but changed her first name to Miriam to appease her in-laws"<a href="#cite_note-McGrath20100128-12">[11]</a> and considered herself Jewish after marrying Salinger's father.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> Salinger did not learn that his mother was not of Jewish ancestry until just after he celebrated his <a href="/wiki/Bar_Mitzvah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar Mitzvah">Bar Mitzvah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> He had one sibling, an older sister, Doris (1912–2001).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander199932-15">[14]</a> In his youth, Salinger attended public schools on the <a href="/wiki/West_Side_(Manhattan)" title="West Side (Manhattan)">West Side of Manhattan</a>. In 1932, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a>, and Salinger enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/McBurney_School" title="McBurney School">McBurney School</a>, a nearby private school.<a href="#cite_note-D._Salinger_2007-11">[10]</a> Salinger had trouble fitting in and took measures to conform, such as calling himself Jerry.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2014)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2014]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2014)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-16">[15]</a> His family called him Sonny.<a href="#cite_note-Hathcock,_Barrett_2010-17">[16]</a> At McBurney, he managed the fencing team, wrote for the school newspaper and appeared in plays.<a href="#cite_note-D._Salinger_2007-11">[10]</a> He "showed an innate talent for drama," though his father opposed the idea of his becoming an actor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz200210-18">[17]</a> His parents then enrolled him at <a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge_Military_Academy_and_College" title="Valley Forge Military Academy and College">Valley Forge Military Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wayne,_Pennsylvania" title="Wayne, Pennsylvania">Wayne, Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-D._Salinger_2007-11">[10]</a> Salinger began writing stories "under the covers [at night], with the aid of a flashlight".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander199942-19">[18]</a> He was the literary editor of the class yearbook, Crossed Sabres, and participated in the glee club, aviation club, French club, and the <a href="/wiki/Staff_Noncommissioned_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Staff Noncommissioned Officer">Non-Commissioned Officers</a> Club.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2014)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2014]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2014)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-16">[15]</a> Salinger's Valley Forge <a href="/wiki/201_file" class="mw-redirect" title="201 file">201 file</a> says he was a "mediocre" student, and his recorded <a href="/wiki/IQ" class="mw-redirect" title="IQ">IQ</a> between 111 and 115 was slightly above average.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench198822-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> He graduated in 1936. Salinger started his freshman year at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> in 1936. He considered studying <a href="/wiki/Special_education" title="Special education">special education</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> but dropped out the following year. His father urged him to learn about the meat-importing business, and he went to work at a company in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a>, Poland.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200039-23">[22]</a> Salinger was disgusted by the slaughterhouses and decided to pursue a different career. This disgust and his rejection of his father likely influenced his vegetarianism as an adult.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> In late 1938, Salinger attended <a href="/wiki/Ursinus_College" title="Ursinus College">Ursinus College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Collegeville,_Pennsylvania" title="Collegeville, Pennsylvania">Collegeville, Pennsylvania</a>, and wrote a column called "skipped diploma", which included movie reviews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench1988xiii-25">[24]</a> He dropped out after one semester.<a href="#cite_note-D._Salinger_2007-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hathcock,_Barrett_2010-17">[16]</a> In 1939, Salinger attended the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_School_of_General_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University School of General Studies">Columbia University School of General Studies</a> in Manhattan, where he took a writing class taught by <a href="/wiki/Whit_Burnett" title="Whit Burnett">Whit Burnett</a>, longtime editor of <a href="/wiki/Story_(magazine)" title="Story (magazine)">Story</a> magazine. According to Burnett, Salinger did not distinguish himself until a few weeks before the end of the second semester, at which point "he suddenly came to life" and completed three stories.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander199955–58-26">[25]</a> Burnett told Salinger that his stories were skillful and accomplished, accepting "The Young Folks," a <a href="/wiki/Vignette_(literature)" title="Vignette (literature)">vignette</a> about several aimless youths, for publication in Story.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander199955–58-26">[25]</a> Salinger's debut short story was published in the magazine's March–April 1940 issue. Burnett became Salinger's mentor, and they corresponded for several years.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2014)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2014]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2014)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander199955,_63–65-27">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II">World War II</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II">edit</a>]</div> In 1942, Salinger started dating <a href="/wiki/Oona_O%27Neill" title="Oona O'Neill">Oona O'Neill</a>, daughter of the playwright <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a>. Despite finding her immeasurably self-absorbed (he confided to a friend that "Little Oona's hopelessly in love with little Oona"), he called her often and wrote her long letters.<a href="#cite_note-oona-28">[27]</a> Their relationship ended when Oona began seeing <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>, whom she eventually married.<a href="#cite_note-trespass-29">[28]</a> In late 1941, Salinger briefly worked on a <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise ship</a>, serving as an activity director and possibly a performer.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz200218-30">[29]</a> The same year, Salinger began submitting short stories to <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. The magazine rejected seven of his stories that year, including "Lunch for Three," "Monologue for a Watery Highball," and "I Went to School with Adolf Hitler." But in December 1941, it accepted "<a href="/wiki/Slight_Rebellion_off_Madison" title="Slight Rebellion off Madison">Slight Rebellion off Madison</a>," a Manhattan-set story about a disaffected teenager named <a href="/wiki/Holden_Caulfield" title="Holden Caulfield">Holden Caulfield</a> with "pre-war jitters".<a href="#cite_note-yagoda-31">[30]</a> When Japan carried out the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> that month, the story was rendered "unpublishable." Salinger was devastated. The story appeared in The New Yorker in 1946, after the war ended.<a href="#cite_note-yagoda-31">[30]</a> In early 1942, several months after the U.S. entered <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Salinger was drafted into the army, where he saw combat with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._12th_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 12th Infantry Regiment">12th Infantry Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._4th_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 4th Infantry Division">4th Infantry Division</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz200218-30">[29]</a> He was present at <a href="/wiki/Utah_Beach" title="Utah Beach">Utah Beach</a> on <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Battle of the Bulge</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_H%C3%BCrtgen_Forest" title="Battle of Hürtgen Forest">Battle of Hürtgen Forest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200058-32">[31]</a>&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2014)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz2002[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2014]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2014)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-16">[15]</a> During the campaign from Normandy into Germany, Salinger arranged to meet <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a>, a writer who had influenced him and was then working as a war correspondent in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> Salinger was impressed with Hemingway's friendliness and modesty, finding him more "soft" than his gruff public persona.<a href="#cite_note-baker-34">[33]</a> Hemingway was impressed by Salinger's writing and remarked: "Jesus, he has a helluva talent."<a href="#cite_note-sonny-4">[4]</a> The two began corresponding; Salinger wrote to Hemingway in July 1946 that their talks were among his few positive memories of the war,<a href="#cite_note-baker-34">[33]</a> and added that he was working on a play about Caulfield and hoped to play the part himself.<a href="#cite_note-baker-34">[33]</a> Salinger was assigned to a <a href="/wiki/Counter-intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-intelligence">counter-intelligence</a> unit also known as the <a href="/wiki/Ritchie_Boys" title="Ritchie Boys">Ritchie Boys</a>, in which he used his proficiency in French and German to interrogate <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200055-35">[34]</a> In April 1945 he entered <a href="/wiki/Kaufering_concentration_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaufering concentration camp">Kaufering IV</a> concentration camp, a subcamp of <a href="/wiki/Dachau_Concentration_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Dachau Concentration Camp">Dachau</a>. Salinger earned the rank of Staff Sergeant<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> and served in five campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> His war experiences affected him emotionally. He was hospitalized for a few weeks for <a href="/wiki/Combat_stress_reaction" title="Combat stress reaction">combat stress reaction</a> after Germany was defeated,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton198889-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz20027-39">[38]</a> and later told his daughter: "You never really get the smell of burning flesh out of your nose entirely, no matter how long you live."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200055-35">[34]</a> Both his biographers speculate that Salinger drew upon his wartime experiences in several stories,<a href="#cite_note-at_fifty-40">[39]</a> such as "<a href="/wiki/For_Esm%C3%A9%E2%80%94with_Love_and_Squalor" title="For Esmé—with Love and Squalor">For Esmé—with Love and Squalor</a>", which is narrated by a traumatized soldier. Salinger continued to write while serving in the army, publishing several stories in <a href="/wiki/Slick_(magazine_format)" title="Slick (magazine format)">slick magazines</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Collier%27s" title="Collier's">Collier's</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Saturday_Evening_Post" title="The Saturday Evening Post">The Saturday Evening Post</a>. He also continued to submit stories to The New Yorker, but with little success; it rejected all of his submissions from 1944 to 1946, including a group of 15 poems in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-yagoda-31">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar_years">Postwar years</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Postwar years">edit</a>]</div> After Germany's defeat, Salinger signed up for a six-month period of "<a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">Denazification</a>" duty in Germany<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200067-41">[40]</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Counterintelligence_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Counterintelligence Corps (United States Army)">Counterintelligence Corps</a>. He lived in <a href="/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fenburg_in_Bayern" title="Weißenburg in Bayern">Weißenburg</a> and, soon after, married Sylvia Welter. He brought her to the United States in April 1946, but the marriage fell apart after eight months and Sylvia returned to Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1999113-42">[41]</a> In 1972, Salinger's daughter Margaret was with him when he received a letter from Sylvia. He looked at the envelope, and, without reading it, tore it apart. It was the first time he had heard from her since the breakup, but as Margaret put it, "when he was finished with a person, he was through with them."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000359-43">[42]</a> In 1946, <a href="/wiki/Whit_Burnett" title="Whit Burnett">Whit Burnett</a> agreed to help Salinger publish a collection of his short stories through Story Press's <a href="/wiki/J._B._Lippincott_%26_Co." title="J. B. Lippincott & Co.">Lippincott Imprint</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1999118–20-44">[43]</a> The collection, The Young Folks, was to consist of 20 stories—ten, like the title story and "Slight Rebellion off Madison", already in print and ten previously unpublished.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1999118–20-44">[43]</a> Though Burnett implied the book would be published and even negotiated Salinger a $1,000 advance, Lippincott overruled Burnett and rejected the book.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1999118–20-44">[43]</a> Salinger blamed Burnett for the book's failure to see print, and the two became estranged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1999120,_164,_204–5-45">[44]</a> By the late 1940s, Salinger had become an avid follower of <a href="/wiki/Zen_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Zen Buddhism">Zen Buddhism</a>, to the point that he "gave reading lists on the subject to his dates".<a href="#cite_note-sonny-4">[4]</a> In 1947, Salinger submitted a short story, "The Bananafish", to The New Yorker. <a href="/wiki/William_Keepers_Maxwell_Jr." title="William Keepers Maxwell Jr.">William Maxwell</a>, the magazine's fiction editor, was impressed enough with "the singular quality of the story" that the magazine asked Salinger to continue revising it. He spent a year reworking it with New Yorker editors and the magazine published it, now titled "<a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Day_for_Bananafish" title="A Perfect Day for Bananafish">A Perfect Day for Bananafish</a>", in the January 31, 1948, issue. The magazine thereon offered Salinger a "first-look" contract that allowed it <a href="/wiki/Right_of_first_refusal" title="Right of first refusal">right of first refusal</a> on any future stories.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1999124-46">[45]</a> The critical acclaim accorded "Bananafish" coupled with problems Salinger had with stories being altered by the "slicks" led him to publish almost exclusively in The New Yorker.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1999130-47">[46]</a> "Bananafish" was also the first of Salinger's published stories to feature the <a href="/wiki/Glass_family" title="Glass family">Glasses</a>, a fictional family consisting of two retired <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> performers and their seven precocious children: Seymour, Buddy, Boo Boo, Walt, Waker, Zooey, and Franny.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200697–99-48">[47]</a> Salinger published seven stories about the Glasses, developing a detailed family history and focusing particularly on Seymour, the brilliant but troubled eldest child.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200697–99-48">[47]</a> In the early 1940s, Salinger confided in a letter to Burnett that he was eager to sell the film rights to some of his stories to achieve financial security.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton198875-49">[48]</a> According to Ian Hamilton, Salinger was disappointed when "rumblings from Hollywood" over his 1943 short story "<a href="/wiki/The_Varioni_Brothers" title="The Varioni Brothers">The Varioni Brothers</a>" came to nothing. Therefore, he immediately agreed when, in mid-1948, independent film producer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a> offered to buy the film rights to his short story "<a href="/wiki/Uncle_Wiggily_in_Connecticut" title="Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut">Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton198875-49">[48]</a> Though Salinger sold the story with the hope—in the words of his agent Dorothy Olding—that it "would make a good movie",<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> critics lambasted the film upon its release in 1949.<a href="#cite_note-berg-51">[50]</a> Renamed <a href="/wiki/My_Foolish_Heart_(1949_film)" title="My Foolish Heart (1949 film)">My Foolish Heart</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Dana_Andrews" title="Dana Andrews">Dana Andrews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susan_Hayward" title="Susan Hayward">Susan Hayward</a>, the film departed to such an extent from Salinger's story that Goldwyn biographer <a href="/wiki/A._Scott_Berg" title="A. Scott Berg">A. Scott Berg</a> called it a "<a href="/wiki/Corruption_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corruption (linguistics)">bastardization</a>."<a href="#cite_note-berg-51">[50]</a> As a result of this experience, Salinger never again permitted <a href="/wiki/Film_adaptations" class="mw-redirect" title="Film adaptations">film adaptations</a> of his work.<a href="#cite_note-depos-52">[51]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a> wanted to buy the rights to "<a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Day_for_Bananafish" title="A Perfect Day for Bananafish">A Perfect Day for Bananafish</a>", Salinger refused, but told his friend <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Ross_(journalist)" title="Lillian Ross (journalist)">Lillian Ross</a>, longtime staff writer for The New Yorker, "She's a cute, talented, lost enfante, and I'm tempted to accommodate her, pour le sport."<a href="#cite_note-Ross2010-53">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Catcher_in_the_Rye">The Catcher in the Rye</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Catcher in the Rye">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye">The Catcher in the Rye</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_(1951,_first_edition_cover).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg/220px-The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg/330px-The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg/440px-The_Catcher_in_the_Rye_%281951%2C_first_edition_cover%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="1210" /></a><figcaption>Cover and spine of <a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye">The Catcher in the Rye</a>, first edition</figcaption></figure> In the 1940s, Salinger told several people that he was working on a novel featuring Holden Caulfield, the teenage protagonist of his short story "Slight Rebellion off Madison",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1999142-54">[53]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a> published <a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye">The Catcher in the Rye</a> on July 16, 1951.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> The novel's plot is straightforward,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitfield199777-56">[55]</a> detailing 16-year-old Holden's experiences in New York City after his fourth expulsion and departure from an elite <a href="/wiki/College_preparatory_school" class="mw-redirect" title="College preparatory school">college preparatory school</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> The book is more notable for the persona and testimonial voice of its <a href="/wiki/First-person_narrative" title="First-person narrative">first-person narrator</a>, Holden.<a href="#cite_note-nandel-58">[57]</a> He serves as an insightful but <a href="/wiki/Unreliable_narrator" title="Unreliable narrator">unreliable narrator</a> who expounds on the importance of loyalty, the "phoniness" of adulthood, and his own duplicity.<a href="#cite_note-nandel-58">[57]</a> In a 1953 interview with a high school newspaper, Salinger admitted that the novel was "sort of" autobiographical, explaining, "My boyhood was very much the same as that of the boy in the book, and it was a great relief telling people about it."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford20064-59">[58]</a> Initial reactions to the book were mixed, ranging from <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> hailing Catcher as "an unusually brilliant first novel"<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> to denigrations of the book's monotonous language and Holden's "immorality and perversion"<a href="#cite_note-virginia-61">[60]</a> (he uses religious slurs and freely discusses casual sex and prostitution).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988117-62">[61]</a> The novel was a popular success; within two months of its publication, it had been reprinted eight times. It spent 30 weeks on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Bestseller" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Bestseller">New York Times Bestseller list</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitfield199777-56">[55]</a> The book's initial success was followed by a brief lull in popularity, but by the late 1950s, according to Salinger's biographer <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hamilton_(critic)" title="Ian Hamilton (critic)">Ian Hamilton</a>, it had "become the book all brooding adolescents had to buy, the indispensable manual from which cool styles of disaffectation could be borrowed."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988155-63">[62]</a> It has been compared with <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn" class="mw-redirect" title="The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn">The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> Newspapers began publishing articles about the "Catcher Cult",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988155-63">[62]</a> and the novel was banned in several countries—as well as some U.S. schools—because of its subject matter and what <a href="/wiki/Catholic_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic World">Catholic World</a> reviewer Riley Hughes called an "excessive use of amateur swearing and coarse language".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitfield199797-65">[64]</a> According to one angry parent's tabulation, 237 instances of "goddamn", 58 uses of "bastard", 31 "Chrissakes", and one incident of <a href="/wiki/Flatulence" title="Flatulence">flatulence</a> constituted what was wrong with Salinger's book.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitfield199797-65">[64]</a> In the 1970s, several U.S. high school teachers who assigned the book were fired or forced to resign. A 1979 study of censorship noted that The Catcher in the Rye "had the dubious distinction of being at once the most frequently censored book across the nation and the second-most frequently taught novel in public high schools" (after <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Of_Mice_and_Men" title="Of Mice and Men">Of Mice and Men</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitfield199782,_78-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> The book remains widely read; as of 2004, it was selling about 250,000 copies per year, "with total worldwide sales over 10 million copies".<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mark_David_Chapman" title="Mark David Chapman">Mark David Chapman</a>, who shot singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a> in December 1980, was obsessed with the book.<a href="#cite_note-brink-69">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> In the wake of its 1950s success, Salinger received (and rejected) numerous offers to adapt The Catcher in the Rye for the screen, including one from <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-berg-51">[50]</a> Since its publication, there has been sustained interest in the novel among filmmakers, with <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a>,<a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein" title="Harvey Weinstein">Harvey Weinstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a><a href="#cite_note-post-72">[71]</a> among those seeking to secure the rights. In the 1970s Salinger said, "<a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> tried for years to get his hands on the part of Holden."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard199893-73">[72]</a> Salinger repeatedly refused, and in 1999 his ex-lover <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Maynard" title="Joyce Maynard">Joyce Maynard</a> concluded, "The only person who might ever have played Holden Caulfield would have been J. D. Salinger."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard199893-73">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_in_the_1950s_and_move_to_Cornish">Writing in the 1950s and move to Cornish</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Writing in the 1950s and move to Cornish">edit</a>]</div> In a July 1951 profile in Book of the Month Club News, Salinger's friend and New Yorker editor <a href="/wiki/William_Keepers_Maxwell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William Keepers Maxwell, Jr.">William Maxwell</a> asked Salinger about his literary influences. He replied, "A writer, when he's asked to discuss his craft, ought to get up and call out in a loud voice just the names of the writers he loves. I love <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Kafka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Flaubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky" title="Fyodor Dostoevsky">Dostoevsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Proust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Casey" class="mw-redirect" title="Sean O'Casey">O'Casey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rilke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Lorca</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">Keats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rimbaud" title="Arthur Rimbaud">Rimbaud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Burns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">E. Brontë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_James" title="Henry James">Henry James</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge</a>. I won't name any living writers. I don't think it's right" (although O'Casey was in fact alive at the time).<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> In letters from the 1940s, Salinger expressed his admiration of three living, or recently deceased, writers: <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Anderson" title="Sherwood Anderson">Sherwood Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_Lardner" title="Ring Lardner">Ring Lardner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton198853-75">[74]</a> Ian Hamilton wrote that Salinger even saw himself for some time as "Fitzgerald's successor".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton198864-76">[75]</a> Salinger's "<a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Day_for_Bananafish" title="A Perfect Day for Bananafish">A Perfect Day for Bananafish</a>" has an ending similar to that of Fitzgerald's story "<a href="/wiki/May_Day_(short_story)" title="May Day (short story)">May Day</a>."<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Salinger wrote friends of a momentous change in his life in 1952, after several years of practicing Zen Buddhism, while reading <a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_Sri_Ramakrishna" title="The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna">The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna</a> about <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> religious teacher <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramakrishna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Ramakrishna">Sri Ramakrishna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988127-78">[77]</a> He became an adherent of Ramakrishna's <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> Hinduism, which advocated celibacy for those seeking enlightenment, and detachment from human responsibilities such as family.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988129-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Salinger's religious studies were reflected in some of his writing. The story "<a href="/wiki/Teddy_(story)" title="Teddy (story)">Teddy</a>" features a ten-year-old child who expresses <a href="/wiki/Vedantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedantic">Vedantic</a> insights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200012-81">[80]</a> He also studied <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Bibliography of Swami Vivekananda">the writings</a> of Ramakrishna's disciple <a href="/wiki/Vivekananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a>; in "<a href="/wiki/Hapworth_16,_1924" title="Hapworth 16, 1924">Hapworth 16, 1924</a>", Seymour Glass calls him "one of the most exciting, original and best-equipped giants of this century."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988129-79">[78]</a> In 1953, Salinger published a collection of seven stories from The New Yorker (including "Bananafish"), as well as two the magazine had rejected. The collection was published as <a href="/wiki/Nine_Stories_(Salinger)" title="Nine Stories (Salinger)">Nine Stories</a> in the United States, and "<a href="/wiki/For_Esm%C3%A9%E2%80%94with_Love_and_Squalor" title="For Esmé—with Love and Squalor">For Esmé—with Love and Squalor</a>" in the UK, after one of Salinger's best-known stories.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton198892-82">[81]</a> The book received grudgingly positive reviews, and was a financial success—"remarkably so for a volume of short stories," according to Hamilton.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988136–7-83">[82]</a> Nine Stories spent three months on the New York Times Bestseller list.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988136–7-83">[82]</a> As The Catcher in the Rye's notability grew, Salinger gradually withdrew from public view. In 1953, he moved from an apartment at <a href="/wiki/300_East_57th_Street" title="300 East 57th Street">300 East 57th Street</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> New York, to <a href="/wiki/Cornish,_New_Hampshire" title="Cornish, New Hampshire">Cornish, New Hampshire</a>. Early in his time at Cornish he was relatively sociable, particularly with students at Windsor High School. Salinger invited them to his house frequently to play records and talk about problems at school.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200612–14-85">[84]</a> One such student, Shirley Blaney, persuaded Salinger to be interviewed for the high school page of The Daily Eagle, the city paper. After the interview appeared prominently in the newspaper's editorial section, Salinger cut off all contact with the high schoolers without explanation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200612–14-85">[84]</a> He was also seen less frequently around town, meeting only one close friend—jurist <a href="/wiki/Learned_Hand" title="Learned Hand">Learned Hand</a>—with any regularity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz200230-86">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_marriage,_family,_and_spiritual_beliefs">Second marriage, family, and spiritual beliefs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second marriage, family, and spiritual beliefs">edit</a>]</div> In February 1955, at age 36, Salinger married Claire Douglas (b. 1933), a <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_College" title="Radcliffe College">Radcliffe</a> student who was art critic <a href="/wiki/Robert_Langton_Douglas" title="Robert Langton Douglas">Robert Langton Douglas</a>'s daughter. They had two children, Margaret Salinger (also known as Peggy – born December 10, 1955) and <a href="/wiki/Matt_Salinger" title="Matt Salinger">Matthew "Matt" Salinger</a> (born February 13, 1960). Margaret Salinger wrote in her memoir Dream Catcher that she believes her parents would not have married, nor would she have been born, had her father not read the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Lahiri_Mahasaya" title="Lahiri Mahasaya">Lahiri Mahasaya</a>, a guru of <a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a>, which brought the possibility of enlightenment to those following the path of the "householder" (a married person with children).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200089-87">[86]</a> After their marriage, Salinger and Claire were initiated into the path of <a href="/wiki/Kriya_Yoga_school" title="Kriya Yoga school">Kriya yoga</a> in a small store-front Hindu temple in Washington, D.C., during the summer of 1955.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200090-88">[87]</a> They received a mantra and breathing exercise to practice for ten minutes twice a day.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200090-88">[87]</a> Salinger also insisted that Claire drop out of school and live with him, only four months shy of graduation, which she did. Certain elements of the story "Franny," published in January 1955, are based on his relationship with Claire, including her ownership of the book <a href="/wiki/The_Way_of_the_Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="The Way of the Pilgrim">The Way of the Pilgrim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200084-89">[88]</a> Because of their isolated location in Cornish and Salinger's proclivities, they hardly saw other people for long stretches of time. Claire was also frustrated by Salinger's ever-changing religious beliefs. Though she committed herself to Kriya yoga, Salinger chronically left Cornish to work on a story "for several weeks only to return with the piece he was supposed to be finishing all undone or destroyed and some new 'ism' we had to follow."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200094–5-90">[89]</a> Claire believed "it was to cover the fact that Jerry had just destroyed or junked or couldn't face the quality of, or couldn't face publishing, what he had created."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200094–5-90">[89]</a> After abandoning Kriya yoga, Salinger tried <a href="/wiki/Dianetics" title="Dianetics">Dianetics</a> (the forerunner of <a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a>), even meeting its founder <a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard</a>, but according to Claire was quickly disenchanted with it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200094–5-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith20000830-91">[90]</a> This was followed by an adherence to a number of spiritual, medical, and nutritional belief systems, including <a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Cayce" title="Edgar Cayce">Edgar Cayce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">homeopathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">acupuncture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macrobiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrobiotics">macrobiotics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000195-92">[91]</a> and, like a number of other writers in the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sufism-Guardian-Webster-93">[92]</a> Salinger's family life was further marked by discord after his first child was born; according to Margaret's book, Claire felt that her daughter had replaced her in Salinger's affections.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000115-94">[93]</a> The infant Margaret was sick much of the time, but Salinger, having embraced Christian Science, refused to take her to a doctor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000115–116-95">[94]</a> According to Margaret, her mother admitted to her years later that she went "over the edge" in the winter of 1957 and had made plans to murder her and then commit suicide. Claire had supposedly intended to do it during a trip to New York City with Salinger, but she instead acted on a sudden impulse to take Margaret from the hotel and run away. After a few months, Salinger persuaded her to return to Cornish.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000115–116-95">[94]</a> The Salingers divorced in 1967, with Claire getting custody of the children.<a href="#cite_note-VancouverSun-19671116-96">[95]</a> Salinger remained close to his family.<a href="#cite_note-Clarkson19791117-97">[96]</a> He built a new house for himself across the road and visited frequently;<a href="#cite_note-Clarkson19791117-97">[96]</a> he continued to live there until his death in 2010. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Last_publications_and_Maynard_relationship">Last publications and Maynard relationship</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Last publications and Maynard relationship">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J-D-Salinger-TIME-1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/J-D-Salinger-TIME-1961.jpg/220px-J-D-Salinger-TIME-1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/J-D-Salinger-TIME-1961.jpg/330px-J-D-Salinger-TIME-1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/J-D-Salinger-TIME-1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>Salinger on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> (September 15, 1961)</figcaption></figure> Salinger published <a href="/wiki/Franny_and_Zooey" title="Franny and Zooey">Franny and Zooey</a> in 1961 and <a href="/wiki/Raise_High_the_Roof_Beam,_Carpenters_and_Seymour:_An_Introduction" title="Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction">Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction</a> in 1963. Each book contained two short stories or novellas published in The New Yorker between 1955 and 1959, and were the only stories Salinger had published since Nine Stories. On the dust jacket of Franny and Zooey, Salinger wrote, in reference to his interest in privacy: "It is my rather subversive opinion that a writer's feelings of anonymity-obscurity are the second most valuable property on loan to him during his working years."<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> On September 15, 1961, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine devoted its cover to Salinger. In an article that profiled his "life of recluse", the magazine reported that the Glass family series "is nowhere near completion ... Salinger intends to write a Glass trilogy."<a href="#cite_note-sonny-4">[4]</a> But Salinger published only one other thing after that: "<a href="/wiki/Hapworth_16,_1924" title="Hapworth 16, 1924">Hapworth 16, 1924</a>", a novella in the form of a long letter by seven-year-old Seymour Glass to his parents from summer camp. His first new work in six years, the novella took up most of the June 19, 1965, issue of The New Yorker, and was universally panned by critics. Around this time, Salinger had isolated Claire from friends and relatives and made her—in Margaret Salinger's words—"a virtual prisoner".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200094–5-90">[89]</a> Claire separated from him in September 1966; their divorce was finalized on October 3, 1967.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz200235-99">[98]</a> In 1972, at age 53, Salinger had a relationship with 18-year-old <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Maynard" title="Joyce Maynard">Joyce Maynard</a> that lasted for nine months. Maynard was already an experienced writer for <a href="/wiki/Seventeen_(American_magazine)" title="Seventeen (American magazine)">Seventeen</a> magazine. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> had asked her to write an article that, when published as "An Eighteen-Year-Old Looks Back On Life" on April 23, 1972,<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> made her a celebrity. Salinger wrote her a letter warning about living with fame. After exchanging 25 letters, Maynard moved in with Salinger after her freshman year at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-women-101">[100]</a> She did not return to Yale that year, and spent ten months as a guest in Salinger's house. The relationship ended, he told Margaret at a family outing, because Maynard wanted children, and he felt he was too old.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000361–2-102">[101]</a> In her autobiography, Maynard paints a different picture, saying Salinger abruptly ended the relationship, sent her away and refused to take her back. She had dropped out of Yale to be with him, even forgoing a scholarship. Maynard came to find out that Salinger had begun several relationships with young women by exchanging letters. One of them was his last wife, a nurse who was already engaged to be married to someone else when she met him.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2014)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard1998[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_January_2014]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(January_2014)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-103">[102]</a> In a 2021 <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanity Fair (magazines)">Vanity Fair</a> article, Maynard wrote, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I was groomed to be the sexual partner of a narcissist who nearly derailed my life [...] [in] the years that followed, I heard from well over a dozen women who had a similar set of treasured letters from Salinger in their possession, written to them when they were teenagers. It appeared that in the case of one girl, Salinger was writing letters to her while I sat in the next room, believing he was my soul mate and partner for life.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a></blockquote> While living with Maynard, Salinger continued to write in a disciplined fashion, a few hours every morning. According to Maynard, by 1972 he had completed two new novels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard1998158-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> In a 1974 interview with The New York Times, he said, "There is a marvelous peace in not publishing ... I like to write. I love to write. But I write just for myself and my own pleasure."<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> According to Maynard, he saw publication as "a damned interruption".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard199897-108">[107]</a> In her memoir, Margaret Salinger describes the detailed filing system her father had for his unpublished manuscripts: "A red mark meant, if I die before I finish my work, publish this 'as is,' blue meant publish but edit first, and so on."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000307-109">[108]</a> A neighbor said that Salinger told him that he had written 15 unpublished novels.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> Salinger's final interview was in June 1980 with Betty Eppes of <a href="/wiki/The_Advocate_(Louisiana)" title="The Advocate (Louisiana)">The Baton Rouge Advocate</a>, which has been represented somewhat differently, depending on the secondary source. By one account, Eppes was an attractive young woman who misrepresented herself as an aspiring novelist, and managed to record audio of the interview as well as take several photographs of Salinger, both without his knowledge or consent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench198816-111">[110]</a> In a separate account, emphasis is placed on her contact by letter writing from the local post office, and Salinger's personal initiative to cross the bridge to meet Eppes, who during the interview made clear she was a reporter and did, at the close, take pictures of Salinger as he departed. According to the first account, the interview ended "disastrously" when a passerby from Cornish attempted to shake Salinger's hand, at which point Salinger became enraged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench198815-112">[111]</a> A further account of the interview published in <a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Review" title="The Paris Review">The Paris Review</a>, purportedly by Eppes, has been disowned by her and separately ascribed as a derived work of Review editor <a href="/wiki/George_Plimpton" title="George Plimpton">George Plimpton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source?</a>]<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> In an interview published in August 2021, Eppes said that she did record her conversation with Salinger without his knowledge but that she was plagued by guilt over it. She said that she had turned down several lucrative offers for the tape, the only known recording of Salinger's voice, and that she had changed her will to stipulate that it be placed along with her body in the crematorium.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a> Salinger was romantically involved with television actress <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Joyce" title="Elaine Joyce">Elaine Joyce</a> for several years in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-women-101">[100]</a> The relationship ended when he met Colleen O'Neill, a nurse and quiltmaker, whom he married around 1988.<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> O'Neill, 40 years his junior, once told Margaret Salinger that she and Salinger were trying to have a child.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000108-119">[118]</a> They did not succeed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_conflicts">Legal conflicts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legal conflicts">edit</a>]</div> Although Salinger tried to escape public exposure as much as possible, he struggled with unwanted attention from the media and the public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz200233-120">[119]</a> Readers of his work and students from nearby <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> often came to Cornish in groups, hoping to catch a glimpse of him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200679-121">[120]</a> In May 1986 Salinger learned that the British writer <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hamilton_(critic)" title="Ian Hamilton (critic)">Ian Hamilton</a> intended to publish a biography that made extensive use of letters Salinger had written to other authors and friends. Salinger sued to stop the book's publication and in <a href="/wiki/Salinger_v._Random_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Salinger v. Random House">Salinger v. Random House</a>, the court ruled that Hamilton's extensive use of the letters, including quotation and paraphrasing, was not acceptable since the author's right to control publication overrode the right of fair use.<a href="#cite_note-lubas-122">[121]</a> Hamilton published In Search of J.D. Salinger: A Writing Life (1935–65) about his experience in tracking down information and the copyright fights over the planned biography.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> An unintended consequence of the lawsuit was that many details of Salinger's private life, including that he had spent the last 20 years writing, in his words, "Just a work of fiction ... That's all" became public in the form of court transcripts.<a href="#cite_note-depos-52">[51]</a> Excerpts from his letters were also widely disseminated, most notably a bitter remark written in response to <a href="/wiki/Oona_O%27Neill" title="Oona O'Neill">Oona O'Neill</a>'s marriage to <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I can see them at home evenings. Chaplin squatting grey and nude, atop his <a href="/wiki/Chiffonier" title="Chiffonier">chiffonier</a>, swinging his <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a> around his head by his bamboo cane, like a dead rat. Oona in an aquamarine gown, applauding madly from the bathroom.<a href="#cite_note-trespass-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-lubas-122">[121]</a></blockquote> In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Iranian director</a> <a href="/wiki/Dariush_Mehrjui" title="Dariush Mehrjui">Dariush Mehrjui</a> released the film <a href="/wiki/Pari_(1995_film)" title="Pari (1995 film)">Pari</a>, an unauthorized loose adaptation of Franny and Zooey. The film could be distributed legally in Iran since it has no copyright relations with the United States, but Salinger had his lawyers block a planned 1998 screening of it at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center" title="Lincoln Center">Lincoln Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-mehr-125">[124]</a> Mehrjui called Salinger's action "bewildering", explaining that he saw his film as "a kind of cultural exchange".<a href="#cite_note-mehr-125">[124]</a> In 1996, Salinger gave a small publisher, Orchises Press, permission to publish "<a href="/wiki/Hapworth_16,_1924" title="Hapworth 16, 1924">Hapworth 16, 1924</a>".<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> It was to be published that year and listings for it appeared at <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> and other booksellers. After a flurry of articles and critical reviews of the story appeared in the press, the publication date was pushed back repeatedly before apparently being canceled altogether. Amazon anticipated that Orchises would publish the story in January 2009, but at the time of his death, it was still listed as "unavailable".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz200242–3-127">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> In June 2009, Salinger consulted lawyers about the forthcoming U.S. publication of an unauthorized sequel to The Catcher in the Rye, <a href="/wiki/60_Years_Later:_Coming_Through_the_Rye" class="mw-redirect" title="60 Years Later: Coming Through the Rye">60 Years Later: Coming Through the Rye</a>, by Swedish book publisher <a href="/wiki/John_David_California" title="John David California">Fredrik Colting</a> under the pseudonym J. D. California. The book appears to continue the story of Holden Caulfield. In Salinger's novel, Caulfield is 16, wandering the streets of New York after being expelled from private school; the California book features a 76-year-old man, "Mr. C", musing on having escaped his nursing home. Salinger's New York literary agent Phyllis Westberg told Britain's <a href="/wiki/Sunday_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Telegraph">Sunday Telegraph</a>, "The matter has been turned over to a lawyer". The fact that little was known about Colting and the book was set to be published by a new publishing imprint, Windupbird Publishing, gave rise to speculation in literary circles that the whole thing might be a hoax.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> District court judge <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Batts" title="Deborah Batts">Deborah Batts</a> issued an <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunction</a> that prevented the book from being published in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> Colting filed an appeal on July 23, 2009; it was heard in the Second Circuit Court of Appeals on September 3, 2009.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> The case was settled in 2011 when Colting agreed not to publish or otherwise distribute the book, e-book, or any other editions of 60 Years Later in the U.S. or Canada until The Catcher in the Rye enters the public domain, and to refrain from using the title Coming through the Rye, dedicating the book to Salinger, or referring to The Catcher in the Rye. Colting remains free to sell the book in the rest of the world.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_publicity">Later publicity</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later publicity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dream_Catcher_(memoir).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Dream_Catcher_%28memoir%29.jpg/220px-Dream_Catcher_%28memoir%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/26/Dream_Catcher_%28memoir%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Margaret Salinger's memoir Dream Catcher; its cover features a rare photograph of her as a child with her father.</figcaption></figure> On October 23, 1992, The New York Times reported, "Not even a fire that consumed at least half his home on Tuesday could smoke out the reclusive J. D. Salinger, author of the classic novel of adolescent rebellion, The Catcher in the Rye. Mr. Salinger is almost equally famous for having elevated privacy to an art form."<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a> In 1999, 25 years after the end of their relationship, Maynard auctioned a series of letters Salinger had written her. Her memoir At Home in the World was published the same year. The book describes how Maynard's mother had consulted with her on how to appeal to Salinger by dressing in a childlike manner, and describes Maynard's relationship with him at length. In the ensuing controversy over the memoir and the letters, Maynard claimed that she was forced to auction the letters for financial reasons; she would have preferred to donate them to the <a href="/wiki/Beinecke_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Beinecke Library">Beinecke Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a>. Software developer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Norton" title="Peter Norton">Peter Norton</a> bought the letters for $156,500 and announced that he would return them to Salinger.<a href="#cite_note-auction-137">[136]</a> A year later, Margaret Salinger published Dream Catcher: A Memoir. In it, she describes the harrowing control Salinger had over her mother and dispelled many of the Salinger myths established by Hamilton's book. One of Hamilton's arguments was that Salinger's experience with <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> left him psychologically scarred. Margaret Salinger allowed that "the few men who lived through <a href="/wiki/Operation_L%C3%BCttich" title="Operation Lüttich">Bloody Mortain</a>", a battle in which her father fought, "were left with much to sicken them, body and soul",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger200055-35">[34]</a> but she also painted her father as a man immensely proud of his service record, maintaining his military haircut and service jacket, and moving about his compound (and town) in an old <a href="/wiki/Jeep" title="Jeep">Jeep</a>. Both Margaret Salinger and Maynard characterized Salinger as a film buff. According to Margaret, his favorite movies included <a href="/wiki/Gigi_(1958_film)" title="Gigi (1958 film)">Gigi</a> (1958), <a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Vanishes_(1938_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lady Vanishes (1938 film)">The Lady Vanishes</a> (1938), <a href="/wiki/The_39_Steps_(1935_film)" title="The 39 Steps (1935 film)">The 39 Steps</a> (1935; Phoebe's favorite movie in The Catcher in the Rye), and the comedies of <a href="/wiki/W.C._Fields" class="mw-redirect" title="W.C. Fields">W.C. Fields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Marx_Brothers" title="Marx Brothers">Marx Brothers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger20007-138">[137]</a> Predating VCRs, Salinger had an extensive collection of classic movies from the 1940s in 16 mm prints. Maynard wrote that "he loves movies, not films",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard199894-139">[138]</a> and Margaret Salinger argued that her father's "worldview is, essentially, a product of the movies of his day. To my father, all Spanish speakers are <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican people">Puerto Rican</a> washerwomen, or the toothless, grinning-gypsy types in a Marx Brothers movie."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000195-92">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Ross_(journalist)" title="Lillian Ross (journalist)">Lillian Ross</a>, a staff writer for The New Yorker and longtime friend of Salinger's, wrote after his death, "Salinger loved movies, and he was more fun than anyone to discuss them with. He enjoyed watching actors work, and he enjoyed knowing them. (He loved <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bancroft" title="Anne Bancroft">Anne Bancroft</a>, hated <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a>, and said that he had seen <a href="/wiki/Grand_Illusion_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Illusion (film)">Grand Illusion</a> ten times.)"<a href="#cite_note-Ross2010-53">[52]</a> Margaret also offered many insights into other Salinger myths, including her father's supposed longtime interest in <a href="/wiki/Macrobiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrobiotics">macrobiotics</a> and involvement with alternative medicine and Eastern philosophies. A few weeks after Dream Catcher was published, Margaret's brother <a href="/wiki/Matt_Salinger" title="Matt Salinger">Matt</a> discredited the memoir in a letter to <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a>. He disparaged his sister's "gothic tales of our supposed childhood" and wrote, "I can't say with any authority that she is consciously making anything up. I just know that I grew up in a very different house, with two very different parents from those my sister describes."<a href="#cite_note-justice-140">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J-D-Salinger-Illustration-TIME-1961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/J-D-Salinger-Illustration-TIME-1961.jpg/220px-J-D-Salinger-Illustration-TIME-1961.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/J-D-Salinger-Illustration-TIME-1961.jpg/330px-J-D-Salinger-Illustration-TIME-1961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/J-D-Salinger-Illustration-TIME-1961.jpg/440px-J-D-Salinger-Illustration-TIME-1961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Created for the cover of Time magazine, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Vickrey" title="Robert Vickrey">Robert Vickrey</a>'s 1961 portrait of Salinger was placed on view in the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery</a> in Washington, D.C., after Salinger's death.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a></figcaption></figure> Salinger died from natural causes at his home in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> on January 27, 2010. He was 91.<a href="#cite_note-DeathABC-142">[141]</a> His literary representative told <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> that Salinger had broken his hip in May 2009, but that "his health had been excellent until a rather sudden decline after the new year."<a href="#cite_note-McGrath20100128-12">[11]</a> His third wife and widow, Colleen O'Neill Zakrzeski Salinger, and his son Matt became the <a href="/wiki/Executor" title="Executor">executors</a> of his <a href="/wiki/Estate_(law)" title="Estate (law)">estate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-McGrath20100128-12">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posthumous_publications">Posthumous publications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Posthumous publications">edit</a>]</div> Salinger wrote all his life. His widow and son began preparing this work for publication after his death, announcing in 2019 that "all of what he wrote will at some point be shared" but that it was a major undertaking and not yet ready.<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a> In 2023, his son estimated that he would finish transcribing Salinger's notes in "a year or two", and reiterated that "all the unpublished material will be published, but it is a complicated task."<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_style_and_themes">Literary style and themes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Literary style and themes">edit</a>]</div> In a contributor's note Salinger gave to <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a> in 1946, he wrote, "I almost always write about very young people", a statement that has been called his <a href="/wiki/Credo" title="Credo">credo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitfield199796-147">[146]</a> Adolescents are featured or appear in all of Salinger's work, from his first published story, "<a href="/wiki/The_Young_Folks_(short_story)" title="The Young Folks (short story)">The Young Folks</a>" (1940), to The Catcher in the Rye and his <a href="/wiki/Glass_family" title="Glass family">Glass family</a> stories. In 1961, the critic <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kazin" title="Alfred Kazin">Alfred Kazin</a> explained that Salinger's choice of teenagers as a subject matter was one reason for his appeal to young readers, but another was "a consciousness [among youths] that he speaks for them and virtually to them, in a language that is peculiarly honest and their own, with a vision of things that capture their most secret judgments of the world."<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a> For this reason, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Mailer" title="Norman Mailer">Norman Mailer</a> once remarked that Salinger was "the greatest mind ever to stay in prep school."<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> Salinger's language, especially his energetic, realistically sparse dialogue, was revolutionary at the time his first stories were published and was seen by several critics as "the most distinguishing thing" about his work.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> Salinger identified closely with his characters,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaynard199897-108">[107]</a> and used techniques such as interior monologue, letters, and extended telephone calls to display his gift for dialogue. Recurring themes in Salinger's stories also connect to the ideas of innocence and adolescence, including the "corrupting influence of Hollywood and the world at large",<a href="#cite_note-mondy-151">[150]</a> the disconnect between teenagers and "phony" adults,<a href="#cite_note-mondy-151">[150]</a> and the perceptive, precocious intelligence of children.<a href="#cite_note-at_fifty-40">[39]</a> Contemporary critics discuss a clear progression over the course of Salinger's published work, as evidenced by the increasingly negative reviews each of his three post-Catcher story collections received.<a href="#cite_note-justice-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz200234-152">[151]</a> Hamilton adheres to this view, arguing that while Salinger's early stories for the "slicks" boasted "tight, energetic" dialogue, they had also been formulaic and sentimental. It took the standards of The New Yorker editors, among them <a href="/wiki/William_Shawn" title="William Shawn">William Shawn</a>, to refine his writing into the "spare, teasingly mysterious, withheld" qualities of "<a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Day_for_Bananafish" title="A Perfect Day for Bananafish">A Perfect Day for Bananafish</a>" (1948), The Catcher in the Rye, and his stories of the early 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988105–6-153">[152]</a> By the late 1950s, as Salinger became more reclusive and involved in religious study, Hamilton notes that his stories became longer, less plot-driven, and increasingly filled with <a href="/wiki/Digression" title="Digression">digression</a> and parenthetical remarks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988188-154">[153]</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Menand" title="Louis Menand">Louis Menand</a> agrees, writing in The New Yorker that Salinger "stopped writing stories, in the conventional sense ... He seemed to lose interest in fiction as an art form—perhaps he thought there was something manipulative or inauthentic about literary device and authorial control."<a href="#cite_note-at_fifty-40">[39]</a> In recent years, some critics have defended certain post-Nine Stories works by Salinger; in 2001, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Malcolm" title="Janet Malcolm">Janet Malcolm</a> wrote in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a> that "Zooey" "is arguably Salinger's masterpiece ... Rereading it and its companion piece 'Franny' is no less rewarding than rereading <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Gatsby" title="The Great Gatsby">The Great Gatsby</a>."<a href="#cite_note-justice-140">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Influence">edit</a>]</div> Salinger's writing has influenced several prominent writers, prompting <a href="/wiki/Harold_Brodkey" title="Harold Brodkey">Harold Brodkey</a> (an <a href="/wiki/O._Henry_Award" title="O. Henry Award">O. Henry Award</a>-winning author) to say in 1991, "His is the most influential body of work in English prose by anyone since Hemingway."<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> Of the writers in Salinger's generation, <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning novelist <a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a>, attested that "the short stories of J. D. Salinger really opened my eyes as to how you can weave fiction out of a set of events that seem almost unconnected, or very lightly connected ... [Reading Salinger] stick[s] in my mind as really having moved me a step up, as it were, toward knowing how to handle my own material."<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> Menand has observed that the early stories of Pulitzer Prize-winner <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a> were affected by "Salinger's voice and comic timing".<a href="#cite_note-at_fifty-40">[39]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Award" title="National Book Award">National Book Award</a> finalist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Yates_(novelist)" title="Richard Yates (novelist)">Richard Yates</a> told <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> in 1977 that reading Salinger's stories for the first time was a landmark experience, and that "nothing quite like it has happened to me since".<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> Yates called Salinger "a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word." <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Lish" title="Gordon Lish">Gordon Lish</a>'s <a href="/wiki/O._Henry_Award" title="O. Henry Award">O. Henry Award</a>-winning short story "For Jeromé—With Love and Kisses" (1977, collected in What I Know So Far, 1984) is a play on Salinger's "For Esmé—with Love and Squalor".<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> In 2001, Menand wrote in The New Yorker that "Catcher in the Rye rewrites" among each new generation had become "a literary genre all its own".<a href="#cite_note-at_fifty-40">[39]</a> He classed among them <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Plath" title="Sylvia Plath">Sylvia Plath</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Jar" title="The Bell Jar">The Bell Jar</a> (1963), <a href="/wiki/Hunter_S._Thompson" title="Hunter S. Thompson">Hunter S. Thompson</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fear_and_Loathing_in_Las_Vegas" title="Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas">Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas</a> (1971), <a href="/wiki/Jay_McInerney" title="Jay McInerney">Jay McInerney</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bright_Lights,_Big_City_(novel)" title="Bright Lights, Big City (novel)">Bright Lights, Big City</a> (1984), and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Eggers" title="Dave Eggers">Dave Eggers</a>'s <a href="/wiki/A_Heartbreaking_Work_of_Staggering_Genius" title="A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius">A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius</a> (2000). Writer <a href="/wiki/Aimee_Bender" title="Aimee Bender">Aimee Bender</a> was struggling with her first short stories when a friend gave her a copy of Nine Stories; inspired, she later described Salinger's effect on writers, explaining: "[I]t feels like Salinger wrote The Catcher in the Rye in a day, and that incredible feeling of ease inspires writing. Inspires the pursuit of voice. Not his voice. My voice. Your voice."<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> Authors such as <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Chbosky" title="Stephen Chbosky">Stephen Chbosky</a>,<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Safran_Foer" title="Jonathan Safran Foer">Jonathan Safran Foer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hiaasen" title="Carl Hiaasen">Carl Hiaasen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Minot" title="Susan Minot">Susan Minot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-minot-163">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Haruki_Murakami" title="Haruki Murakami">Haruki Murakami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwendoline_Riley" title="Gwendoline Riley">Gwendoline Riley</a>,<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Robbins" title="Tom Robbins">Tom Robbins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Sachar" title="Louis Sachar">Louis Sachar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/Joel_Stein" title="Joel Stein">Joel Stein</a>,<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Padura_Fuentes" title="Leonardo Padura Fuentes">Leonardo Padura</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Green" title="John Green">John Green</a> have cited Salinger as an influence. Musician <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Kalnoky" title="Tomas Kalnoky">Tomas Kalnoky</a> of <a href="/wiki/Streetlight_manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetlight manifesto">Streetlight Manifesto</a> also cites Salinger as an influence, referencing him and Holden Caulfield in the song "<a href="/wiki/Everything_Goes_Numb#Cultural_references" title="Everything Goes Numb">Here's to Life</a>". Biographer Paul Alexander called Salinger "the <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> of literature".<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_works">List of works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: List of works">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye">The Catcher in the Rye</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Stories_(Salinger)" title="Nine Stories (Salinger)">Nine Stories</a> (1953) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Day_for_Bananafish" title="A Perfect Day for Bananafish">A Perfect Day for Bananafish</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uncle_Wiggily_in_Connecticut" title="Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut">Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_Before_the_War_with_the_Eskimos" title="Just Before the War with the Eskimos">Just Before the War with the Eskimos</a>" (1948)<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Laughing_Man_(short_story)" title="The Laughing Man (short story)">The Laughing Man</a>" (1949)<a href="#cite_note-:0-169">[168]</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Down_at_the_Dinghy" title="Down at the Dinghy">Down at the Dinghy</a>" (1949)<a href="#cite_note-:0-169">[168]</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_Esm%C3%A9%E2%80%94with_Love_and_Squalor" title="For Esmé—with Love and Squalor">For Esmé—with Love and Squalor</a>" (1950)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pretty_Mouth_and_Green_My_Eyes" title="Pretty Mouth and Green My Eyes">Pretty Mouth and Green My Eyes</a>" (1951)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReiff2008131-170">[169]</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/De_Daumier-Smith%27s_Blue_Period" title="De Daumier-Smith's Blue Period">De Daumier-Smith's Blue Period</a>" (1952)<a href="#cite_note-:1-171">[170]</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Teddy_(story)" title="Teddy (story)">Teddy</a>" (1953)<a href="#cite_note-:1-171">[170]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franny_and_Zooey" title="Franny and Zooey">Franny and Zooey</a> (1961), reworked from "Ivanoff, the Terrible" (1956)<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> <ul><li>"Franny" (1955)</li> <li>"Zooey" (1957)<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raise_High_the_Roof_Beam,_Carpenters_and_Seymour:_An_Introduction" title="Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction">Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction</a> (1963) <ul><li>"Raise High the Roof-Beam, Carpenters" (1955)</li> <li>"Seymour: An Introduction" (1959)<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collected_short_stories">Collected short stories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Collected short stories">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Early_Stories" title="Three Early Stories">Three Early Stories</a> (2014) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Young_Folks_(short_story)" title="The Young Folks (short story)">The Young Folks</a>" (1940)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Go_See_Eddie" title="Go See Eddie">Go See Eddie</a>" (1940)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Once_a_Week_Won%27t_Kill_You" title="Once a Week Won't Kill You">Once a Week Won't Kill You</a>" (1944)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Uncollected_Short_Stories_of_J._D._Salinger,_Vol._1_%26_2" title="The Complete Uncollected Short Stories of J. D. Salinger, Vol. 1 & 2">The Complete Uncollected Short Stories of J. D. Salinger, Vol. 1 & 2</a> (1974) (Unauthorized Pirated (Bootleg) edition)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Published_stories_(uncollected)">Published stories (uncollected)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Published stories (uncollected)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Hang_of_It" title="The Hang of It">The Hang of It</a>" (1941, republished in The Kit Book for Soldiers, Sailors and Marines, 1943)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_a_Broken_Story" title="The Heart of a Broken Story">The Heart of a Broken Story</a>" (1941)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Personal_Notes_of_an_Infantryman" title="Personal Notes of an Infantryman">Personal Notes of an Infantryman</a>" (1942)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Long_Debut_of_Lois_Taggett" title="The Long Debut of Lois Taggett">The Long Debut of Lois Taggett</a>" (1942, republished in Stories: The Fiction of the Forties, ed. Whit Burnett, 1949)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Varioni_Brothers" title="The Varioni Brothers">The Varioni Brothers</a>" (1943)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Both_Parties_Concerned" title="Both Parties Concerned">Both Parties Concerned</a>" (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soft-Boiled_Sergeant" title="Soft-Boiled Sergeant">Soft-Boiled Sergeant</a>" (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Last_Day_of_the_Last_Furlough" title="Last Day of the Last Furlough">Last Day of the Last Furlough</a>" (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Elaine_(short_story)" title="Elaine (short story)">Elaine</a>" (1945)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Stranger_(Salinger_short_story)" title="The Stranger (Salinger short story)">The Stranger</a>" (1945)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Crazy" title="I'm Crazy">I'm Crazy</a>" (1945)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Boy_in_France" title="A Boy in France">A Boy in France</a>" (1945, republished in Post Stories 1942–45, ed. Ben Hibbs, 1946 and July/August 2010 issue of Saturday Evening Post magazine), reworked from "What Babe Saw, or Ooh-La-La!" (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Sandwich_Has_No_Mayonnaise" title="This Sandwich Has No Mayonnaise">This Sandwich Has No Mayonnaise</a>" (1945, republished in The Armchair Esquire, ed. L. Rust Hills, 1959)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slight_Rebellion_off_Madison" title="Slight Rebellion off Madison">Slight Rebellion off Madison</a>" (1946, republished in Wonderful Town: New York Stories from The New Yorker, ed. David Remnick, 2000)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Young_Girl_in_1941_with_No_Waist_at_All" title="A Young Girl in 1941 with No Waist at All">A Young Girl in 1941 with No Waist at All</a>" (1947)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Inverted_Forest" title="The Inverted Forest">The Inverted Forest</a>" (1947)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blue_Melody" title="Blue Melody">Blue Melody</a>" (1948)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Girl_I_Knew" title="A Girl I Knew">A Girl I Knew</a>" (1948, republished in Best American Short Stories 1949, ed. Martha Foley, 1949)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hapworth_16,_1924" title="Hapworth 16, 1924">Hapworth 16, 1924</a>" (1965)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unpublished_stories">Unpublished stories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Unpublished stories">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>"The Survivors" (1939)</li> <li>"The long hotel story" (1940)</li> <li>"The Fishermen" (1941)</li> <li>"Lunch for Three" (1941)</li> <li>"I Went to School with Adolf Hitler" (1941)</li> <li>"Monologue for a Watery Highball" (1941)</li> <li>"The Lovely Dead Girl at Table Six" (1941)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mrs._Hincher" title="Mrs. Hincher">Mrs. Hincher</a>" (1942), also known as "Paula"</li> <li>"The Kissless Life of Reilly" (1942)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Last_and_Best_of_the_Peter_Pans" title="The Last and Best of the Peter Pans">The Last and Best of the Peter Pans</a>" (1942)</li> <li>"Holden On the Bus" (1942)</li> <li>"Men Without Hemingway" (1942)</li> <li>"Over the Sea Let’s Go, Twentieth Century Fox" (1942)</li> <li>"The Broken Children" (1943)</li> <li>"Paris" (1943)</li> <li>"Rex Passard on the Planet Mars" (1943)</li> <li>"Bitsey" (1943)</li> <li>"What Got Into Curtis in the Woodshed" (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Children%27s_Echelon" title="The Children's Echelon">The Children's Echelon</a>" (1944), also known as "Total War Diary"</li> <li>"Boy Standing in Tennessee" (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Foxhole" title="The Magic Foxhole">The Magic Foxhole</a>" (1944)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Two_Lonely_Men" title="Two Lonely Men">Two Lonely Men</a>" (1944)</li> <li>"A Young Man in a Stuffed Shirt" (1944)</li> <li>"The Daughter of the Late, Great Man" (1945)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ocean_Full_of_Bowling_Balls" title="The Ocean Full of Bowling Balls">The Ocean Full of Bowling Balls</a>" (1947)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Birthday_Boy_(story)" class="mw-redirect" title="Birthday Boy (story)">Birthday Boy</a>" (1946), also known as "The Male Goodbye"<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a></li> <li>"The Boy in the People Shooting Hat" (1948)</li> <li>"A Summer Accident" (1949)</li> <li>"Requiem for the Phantom of the Opera" (1950)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_portrayals_and_references">Media portrayals and references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Media portrayals and references">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/J._D._Salinger" title="Special:EditPage/J. D. Salinger">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22J.+D.+Salinger%22">"J. D. Salinger"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22J.+D.+Salinger%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22J.+D.+Salinger%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22J.+D.+Salinger%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22J.+D.+Salinger%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22J.+D.+Salinger%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (June 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/W._P._Kinsella" title="W. P. Kinsella">W. P. Kinsella</a>'s 1982 novel, <a href="/wiki/Shoeless_Joe_(novel)" title="Shoeless Joe (novel)">Shoeless Joe</a>, the main character "kidnaps" the reclusive Salinger to take him to a baseball game. When the novel was adapted for cinema as <a href="/wiki/Field_of_Dreams" title="Field of Dreams">Field of Dreams</a>, Salinger's character was replaced by the fictional Terence Mann (played by <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a>), amid fears that Salinger might sue.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> claimed that Salinger was the inspiration for his role as William Forrester in the 2000 film <a href="/wiki/Finding_Forrester" title="Finding Forrester">Finding Forrester</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a></li> <li>In the 2002 film <a href="/wiki/The_Good_Girl" title="The Good Girl">The Good Girl</a>, the character of Holden (played by <a href="/wiki/Jake_Gyllenhaal" title="Jake Gyllenhaal">Jake Gyllenhaal</a>) adopts the name because of his admiration of The Catcher in the Rye.</li> <li>The anime TV series <a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell:_Stand_Alone_Complex" title="Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex">Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex</a> heavily references J. D. Salinger works including Catcher in the Rye, The Laughing Man and A Perfect Day for Banana Fish.</li> <li>Salinger's name is mentioned in the title for <a href="/wiki/The_Wonder_Years_(band)" title="The Wonder Years (band)">The Wonder Years</a> song "<a href="/wiki/You%27re_Not_Salinger._Get_Over_It." class="mw-redirect" title="You're Not Salinger. Get Over It.">You're Not Salinger. Get Over It.</a>"</li> <li>The Catcher in the Rye plays a major part in the South Park episode "<a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Scrotie_McBoogerballs" title="The Tale of Scrotie McBoogerballs">The Tale of Scrotie McBoogerballs</a>", as the boys are inspired to write their own book when they feel Salinger's book does not live up to its controversial reputation.</li> <li>In the film <a href="/wiki/Man_at_Bath" title="Man at Bath">Man at Bath</a> (2010), the character Dustin Segura-Suarez holds Franny and Zooey in his hands while taking a bath.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinger_(film)" title="Salinger (film)">Salinger</a> is a 2013 documentary film that tells the story of Salinger's life through interviews with friends, historians, and journalists.</li> <li>In the book and TV show <a href="/wiki/You_(TV_series)" title="You (TV series)">You</a> by <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Kepnes" title="Caroline Kepnes">Caroline Kepnes</a>, one of the characters, Peach, is named as being a relative of Salinger.</li> <li>Salinger is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Cooper" title="Chris Cooper">Chris Cooper</a> in <a href="/wiki/James_Steven_Sadwith" title="James Steven Sadwith">James Steven Sadwith</a>'s 2015 film <a href="/wiki/Coming_Through_the_Rye_(film)" title="Coming Through the Rye (film)">Coming Through the Rye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a></li> <li>Salinger appears as a character (voiced by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Arkin" title="Alan Arkin">Alan Arkin</a>) in several 2015–2016 episodes of <a href="/wiki/BoJack_Horseman" title="BoJack Horseman">BoJack Horseman</a> (season 2 episodes 6, 7, 8, 10 and season 3 episode 1), where he is said to have faked his own death to escape public attention and ironically pursue a career in television production. He quotes numerous lines from his works, bemoaning how <a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye">The Catcher in the Rye</a> has become his only recognizable work. In humorous contrast to his real-life beliefs, this rendition of Salinger loves Hollywood and ends up managing a <a href="/wiki/Story_within_a_story#Nested_TV_shows" title="Story within a story">game show</a>, which he aptly names Hollywoo Stars and Celebrities: What Do They Know? Do They Know Things? Let's Find Out.</li> <li>Salinger was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hoult" title="Nicholas Hoult">Nicholas Hoult</a> in the 2017 film <a href="/wiki/Rebel_in_the_Rye" title="Rebel in the Rye">Rebel in the Rye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Salinger_Year" title="My Salinger Year">My Salinger Year</a> is a film directed by Philippe Falardeau released in 2021, based on the 2014 memoir by <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Rakoff" title="Joanna Rakoff">Joanna Rakoff</a>.</li> <li>Sergeant Salinger<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> is a novel by the writer <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Charyn" title="Jerome Charyn">Jerome Charyn</a>, published in 2021 (Bellevue Literary Press), in which the author imagines a fictionalized biography of the young soldier J. D. Salinger in Europe during World War II.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> See Beidler's A Reader's Companion to J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> "J. D. Salinger". EXPLORING Novels. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Web. November 9, 2010.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1948/01/31/a-perfect-day-for-bananafish">"A Perfect Day For Bananafish"</a>. The New Yorker. January 24, 1948. Retrieved May 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=A+Perfect+Day+For+Bananafish&rft.date=1948-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F1948%2F01%2F31%2Fa-perfect-day-for-bananafish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biography.com/writer/jd-salinger">"J.D. Salinger"</a>. Biography.com. May 4, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography.com&rft.atitle=J.D.+Salinger&rft.date=2021-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fwriter%2Fjd-salinger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sonny-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sonny_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sonny_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sonny_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sonny_4-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkow1961" class="citation news cs1">Skow, John (September 15, 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016074508/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,938775,00.html">"Sonny: An Introduction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,938775,00.html">the original</a> on October 16, 2007. Retrieved April 12, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sonny%3A+An+Introduction&rft.date=1961-09-15&rft.aulast=Skow&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C938775%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/jd-salinger-salinger-timeline/2838/">"JD Salinger | Timeline of Major Events | American Masters | PBS"</a>. American Masters. January 16, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Masters&rft.atitle=JD+Salinger+%7C+Timeline+of+Major+Events+%7C+American+Masters+%7C+PBS&rft.date=2014-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Famericanmasters%2Fjd-salinger-salinger-timeline%2F2838%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130426054219/http://aronoff.com/family/i0004005.htm#i4005">"The Genealogy of Richard L. Aronoff"</a>. Aronoff.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aronoff.com/family/i0004005.htm#i4005">the original</a> on April 26, 2013. 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Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature. 4 (1): 109–149. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1207189">10.2307/1207189</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1207189">1207189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wisconsin+Studies+in+Contemporary+Literature&rft.atitle=J.+D.+Salinger%3A+A+Bibliography&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=109-149&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1207189&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1207189%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Fiene&rft.aufirst=Donald+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-9"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkow1961" class="citation magazine cs1">Skow, John (September 15, 1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016074508/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,938775,00.html">"Sonny: An Introduction"</a>. 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No. February 8, 2010. pp. 22–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Talk+of+the+Town%3A+Remembrance+Bearable&rft.issue=February+8%2C+2010&rft.pages=22-23&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Lillian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlexander1999142-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlexander1999142_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAlexander1999">Alexander 1999</a>, p. 142. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1951. hi Print.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhitfield199777-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitfield199777_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhitfield199777_56-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFWhitfield1997">Whitfield 1997</a>, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlackstock1992" class="citation journal cs1">Blackstock, Alan (January 1, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/english_facpub/334/">"J.D. Salinger"</a>. Magill's Survey of American Literature: 1798–1809.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magill%27s+Survey+of+American+Literature&rft.atitle=J.D.+Salinger&rft.pages=1798-1809&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.aulast=Blackstock&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.usu.edu%2Fenglish_facpub%2F334%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nandel-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nandel_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nandel_58-1">b</a> Nandel, Alan. "The Significance of Holden Caulfield's Testimony." Reprinted in Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Interpretations: J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye. 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The Antioch Review. 61 (4): 639–649. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4614550">10.2307/4614550</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4614550">4614550</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Antioch+Review&rft.atitle=Salinger%27s+Nine+Stories%3A+Fifty+Years+Later&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=639-649&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4614550&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4614550%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988127-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988127_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHamilton1988">Hamilton 1988</a>, p. 127. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988129-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988129_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton1988129_79-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFHamilton1988">Hamilton 1988</a>, p. 129. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanchan1989" class="citation book cs1">Ranchan, Som P. 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Salinger Connection | Betty Traxler Eppes"</a>. Bettytraxlereppes.wordpress.com. April 14, 2009. Retrieved February 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=That+J.D.+Salinger+Connection+%26%23124%3B+Betty+Traxler+Eppes&rft.pub=Bettytraxlereppes.wordpress.com&rft.date=2009-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbettytraxlereppes.wordpress.com%2Fthat-jd-salinger-connection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDowell1981" class="citation news cs1">McDowell, Edwin (September 11, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/09/13/specials/salinger-visit.html">"Publishing: Visit With J. D. Salinger"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Publishing%3A+Visit+With+J.+D.+Salinger&rft.date=1981-09-11&rft.aulast=McDowell&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F09%2F13%2Fspecials%2Fsalinger-visit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2021" class="citation news cs1">Butler, Brin-Jonathan (August 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-29/woman-who-secretly-recorded-jd-salinger-plans-to-destroy-tape?srnd=pursuits-vp">"The Salinger Dilemma"</a>. Bloomberg Business Week. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Business+Week&rft.atitle=The+Salinger+Dilemma&rft.pages=68&rft.date=2021-08-02&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Brin-Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-07-29%2Fwoman-who-secretly-recorded-jd-salinger-plans-to-destroy-tape%3Fsrnd%3Dpursuits-vp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1998" class="citation news cs1">Alexander, Paul (February 9, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/features/2162/">"J. D. Salinger's Women"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a>. Retrieved April 12, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=J.+D.+Salinger%27s+Women&rft.date=1998-02-09&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fnymetro%2Farts%2Ffeatures%2F2162%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> The 1998 article mentions that "the couple has been 'married for about ten years'". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000108-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMargaret_Salinger2000108_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMargaret_Salinger2000">Margaret Salinger 2000</a>, p. 108. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz200233-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELutz200233_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLutz2002">Lutz 2002</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200679-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford200679_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCrawford2006">Crawford 2006</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-lubas-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lubas_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lubas_122-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLubasch1987" class="citation news cs1">Lubasch, Arnold H. (January 30, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/09/13/specials/salinger-blocked.html">"Salinger Biography Is Blocked"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Salinger+Biography+Is+Blocked&rft.date=1987-01-30&rft.aulast=Lubasch&rft.aufirst=Arnold+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F09%2F13%2Fspecials%2Fsalinger-blocked.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSableman1997" class="citation book cs1">Sableman, Mark (November 21, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S63dbhsFaYoC&pg=PA265">More Speech, Not Less: Communications Law in the Information Age</a>. SIU Press. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-2135-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8093-2135-3"><bdi>978-0-8093-2135-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+Speech%2C+Not+Less%3A+Communications+Law+in+the+Information+Age&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=SIU+Press&rft.date=1997-11-21&rft.isbn=978-0-8093-2135-3&rft.aulast=Sableman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS63dbhsFaYoC%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38a.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070328192739/http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38a.html">Archived</a> March 28, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-mehr-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mehr_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mehr_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinley1998" class="citation news cs1">McKinley, Jesse (November 21, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/21/movies/iranian-film-is-canceled-after-protest-by-salinger.html">"Iranian Film Is Canceled After Protest By Salinger"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Iranian+Film+Is+Canceled+After+Protest+By+Salinger&rft.date=1998-11-21&rft.aulast=McKinley&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F11%2F21%2Fmovies%2Firanian-film-is-canceled-after-protest-by-salinger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Lundegaard, Karen M. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/1996/11/18/tidbits.html">J.D. Salinger resurfaces ... in Alexandria?</a>", <a href="/wiki/Washington_Business_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Business Journal">Washington Business Journal</a>, November 15, 1996. Retrieved August 13, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELutz200242–3-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELutz200242–3_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLutz2002">Lutz 2002</a>, pp. 42–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalinger2009" class="citation book cs1">Salinger, Jerome David (2009). Hapworth 16, 1924. Orchises. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-914061-65-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-914061-65-6"><bdi>978-0-914061-65-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hapworth+16%2C+1924&rft.pub=Orchises&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-914061-65-6&rft.aulast=Salinger&rft.aufirst=Jerome+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000PGW43K">"Hapworth 16, 1924 (June 19, 1965 The New Yorker) (Paperback)"</a>. The New Yorker. January 1965. Retrieved January 29, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Hapworth+16%2C+1924+%28June+19%2C+1965+The+New+Yorker%29+%28Paperback%29&rft.date=1965-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000PGW43K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwell2009" class="citation news cs1">Sherwell, Philip (May 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/5413559/JD-Salinger-considers-legal-action-to-stop-The-Catcher-in-the-Rye-sequel.html">"JD Salinger considers legal action to stop The Catcher in the Rye sequel"</a>. The Daily Telegraph. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/5413559/JD-Salinger-considers-legal-action-to-stop-The-Catcher-in-the-Rye-sequel.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=JD+Salinger+considers+legal+action+to+stop+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye+sequel&rft.date=2009-05-30&rft.aulast=Sherwell&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fnorthamerica%2Fusa%2F5413559%2FJD-Salinger-considers-legal-action-to-stop-The-Catcher-in-the-Rye-sequel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChan2009" class="citation news cs1">Chan, Sewell (July 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/02/books/02salinger.html">"Judge Rules for J.D. Salinger in 'Catcher' Copyright Suit"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Judge+Rules+for+J.D.+Salinger+in+%27Catcher%27+Copyright+Suit&rft.date=2009-07-01&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Sewell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F07%2F02%2Fbooks%2F02salinger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100513192052/http://www.lawupdates.com/commentary/isalinger_v._colting_i_too_much_borrowing_not_enough_transforming_to_consti">"Salinger v. Colting / Salinger v. 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Slate. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-2339">1091-2339</a>. Retrieved June 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=I+Was+Gordon+Lish%27s+Editor&rft.date=2007-10-31&rft.issn=1091-2339&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Fbook_blitz%2F2007%2F10%2Fi_was_gordon_lishs_editor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Aimee_Bender" title="Aimee Bender">Bender, Aimee</a>. "Holden Schmolden". Kotzen, Kip, and Thomas Beller, ed. With Love and Squalor: 14 Writers Respond to the Work of J.D. Salinger. New York: Broadway, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0799-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0799-6">978-0-7679-0799-6</a>. pp. 162–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Beisch, Ann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.layouth.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=Issue&action=IssueArticle&aid=1393&nid=19">"Interview with Stephen Chbosky, author of The Perks of Being a Wallflower"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927161523/http://www.layouth.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=Issue&action=IssueArticle&aid=1393&nid=19">Archived</a> September 27, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, LA Youth, November–December 2001. Retrieved July 10, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Epstein, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2004/12/06/news/11661.shtml">"Creative writing program produces aspiring writers"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080113022519/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2004/12/06/news/11661.shtml">Archived</a> January 13, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Princetonian" title="The Daily Princetonian">The Daily Princetonian</a>, December 6, 2004. Retrieved October 30, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-minot-163"><a href="#cite_ref-minot_163-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.authorsontheweb.com/features/0012author-influences/author-influences.asp">"What Authors Influenced You?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927203055/http://www.authorsontheweb.com/features/0012author-influences/author-influences.asp">Archived</a> September 27, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Authorsontheweb.com. Retrieved July 10, 2007. Both Hiaasen and Minot cite him as an influence here. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,2064808,00.html">"You have to trawl the depths"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, April 25, 2007. Retrieved December 26, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.louissachar.com/Bio.htm">"Author Bio"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910015014/http://www.louissachar.com/Bio.htm">Archived</a> September 10, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Louis Sachar's Official Web Site, 2002. Retrieved July 14, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Joel_Stein" title="Joel Stein">Stein, Joel</a>. "The Yips". Kotzen, Kip, and Thomas Beller, ed. With Love and The Squalor: 14 Writers Respond to the Work of J. D. Salinger. New York: Broadway, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0799-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7679-0799-6">978-0-7679-0799-6</a>. pp. 170–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Beam, A. (2006) "J.D. Salinger, Failed Recluse", in If you Really Want to Hear About It: Writers on J.D. Salinger and His Work. Catherine Crawford (ed.) Thunder's Mouth Press </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan1961" class="citation journal cs1">Bryan, James E. (1961). "J. D. Salinger: The Fat Lady and the Chicken Sandwich". College English. 23 (3): 226–229. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F373014">10.2307/373014</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/373014">373014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+English&rft.atitle=J.+D.+Salinger%3A+The+Fat+Lady+and+the+Chicken+Sandwich&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=226-229&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F373014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F373014%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bryan&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_169-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlawenski2011" class="citation book cs1">Slawenski, Kenneth (January 25, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lvw2vQJXPVoC&pg=PA177">J. D. Salinger: A Life</a>. Random House Publishing Group. p. 177. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-60479-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-60479-2"><bdi>978-0-679-60479-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.+D.+Salinger%3A+A+Life&rft.pages=177&rft.pub=Random+House+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011-01-25&rft.isbn=978-0-679-60479-2&rft.aulast=Slawenski&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvw2vQJXPVoC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReiff2008131-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReiff2008131_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReiff2008">Reiff 2008</a>, p. 131. </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_171-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_171-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrigozy2009" class="citation book cs1">Prigozy, Ruth (2009). Bloom, Harold (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oG2Mb16Z2AsC&pg=PA90">J. D. Salinger</a>. Bloom's Literary Criticism. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1317-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1317-3"><bdi>978-1-4381-1317-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.+D.+Salinger&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Bloom%27s+Literary+Criticism&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1317-3&rft.aulast=Prigozy&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoG2Mb16Z2AsC%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/wireStory/library-exhibit-offers-glimpse-salingers-life-work-66336150">"Library exhibit offers glimpse into Salinger's life and work"</a>. 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Infobase Publishing. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2743-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-2743-9"><bdi>978-1-4381-2743-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Companion+to+Literature%3A+Facts+on+File+Companion+to+the+American+Short+Story&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-2743-9&rft.aulast=Thalheimer&rft.aufirst=Anne+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlWuyTK_0eBsC%26pg%3DPA258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1965" class="citation book cs1">Miller, James E. 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Retrieved October 18, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Chris+Cooper+Is+J.D.+Salinger+in+%27Coming+Through+the+Rye%27+Clip+%28Exclusive+Video%29&rft.date=2016-10-14&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fchris-cooper-is-jd-salinger-938110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChild2015" class="citation news cs1">Child, Ben (September 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/sep/01/nicholas-hoult-rebel-in-the-rye-jd-salinger">"Nicholas Hoult to play JD Salinger in new biopic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved January 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nicholas+Hoult+to+play+JD+Salinger+in+new+biopic&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.aulast=Child&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fsep%2F01%2Fnicholas-hoult-rebel-in-the-rye-jd-salinger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharyn2021" class="citation book cs1">Charyn, Jerome (January 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blpress.org/books/sergeant-salinger/">Sergeant Salinger</a>. Bellevue Literary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-942658-74-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-942658-74-0"><bdi>978-1-942658-74-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sergeant+Salinger&rft.pub=Bellevue+Literary+Press&rft.date=2021-01-05&rft.isbn=978-1-942658-74-0&rft.aulast=Charyn&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblpress.org%2Fbooks%2Fsergeant-salinger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1999" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Paul (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/salingerbiograph00alex">Salinger: A Biography</a>. Los Angeles: Renaissance. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58063-080-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-58063-080-4"><bdi>1-58063-080-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salinger%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Renaissance&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-58063-080-4&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsalingerbiograph00alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2006" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Catherine, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ifyoureallywantt00cath">If You Really Want to Hear About It: Writers on J. D. Salinger and His Work</a>. New York: Thunder's Mouth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56025-880-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56025-880-2"><bdi>1-56025-880-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=If+You+Really+Want+to+Hear+About+It%3A+Writers+on+J.+D.+Salinger+and+His+Work&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-56025-880-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fifyoureallywantt00cath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrunwald1962" class="citation book cs1">Grunwald, Henry Anatole, ed. (1962). Salinger, the Classic Critical and Personal Portrait. New York: Harper Perennial, Harper & Row. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06185-250-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-06185-250-3"><bdi>0-06185-250-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salinger%2C+the+Classic+Critical+and+Personal+Portrait&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial%2C+Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=0-06185-250-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench1988" class="citation book cs1">French, Warren (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jdsalingerrevisi00fren">J. D. Salinger, Revisted</a>. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8057-7522-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8057-7522-6"><bdi>0-8057-7522-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.+D.+Salinger%2C+Revisted&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8057-7522-6&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjdsalingerrevisi00fren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Hamilton_(critic)" title="Ian Hamilton (critic)">Hamilton, Ian</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofjdsali0000hami">In Search of J. D. Salinger</a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-53468-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-53468-9"><bdi>0-394-53468-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+J.+D.+Salinger&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-394-53468-9&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsearchofjdsali0000hami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKubicaHochman,_Will2002" class="citation book cs1">Kubica, Chris; Hochman, Will (2002). Letters to J. D. Salinger. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-299-17800-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-299-17800-5"><bdi>0-299-17800-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+to+J.+D.+Salinger&rft.place=Madison&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-299-17800-5&rft.aulast=Kubica&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Hochman%2C+Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLutz2002" class="citation book cs1">Lutz, Norma Jean (2002). "Biography of J. D. Salinger". In <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom, Harold</a> (ed.). J. D. Salinger. Bloom's BioCritiques. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea House">Chelsea House</a>. pp. 3–44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7910-6175-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7910-6175-2"><bdi>0-7910-6175-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48473975">48473975</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biography+of+J.+D.+Salinger&rft.btitle=J.+D.+Salinger&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.series=Bloom%27s+BioCritiques&rft.pages=3-44&rft.pub=Chelsea+House&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48473975&rft.isbn=0-7910-6175-2&rft.aulast=Lutz&rft.aufirst=Norma+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaynard1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Maynard" title="Joyce Maynard">Maynard, Joyce</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/athomeinworld00joyc">At Home in the World</a>. New York: Picador. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-19556-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-19556-7"><bdi>0-312-19556-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+Home+in+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Picador&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-312-19556-7&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fathomeinworld00joyc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuellerHochman,_Will2011" class="citation book cs1">Mueller, Bruce F.; Hochman, Will (2011). Critical Companion to J. D. Salinger: a Literary Reference to His Life and Work. New York: Facts on File. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816065974" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816065974"><bdi>978-0816065974</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Companion+to+J.+D.+Salinger%3A+a+Literary+Reference+to+His+Life+and+Work&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0816065974&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Bruce+F.&rft.au=Hochman%2C+Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaret_Salinger2000" class="citation book cs1">Salinger, Margaret (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dreamcatchermemo00sali">Dream Catcher: A Memoir</a>. New York: Washington Square Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-04281-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-04281-5"><bdi>0-671-04281-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dream+Catcher%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Washington+Square+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-671-04281-5&rft.aulast=Salinger&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdreamcatchermemo00sali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Slawenski, Kenneth (2010). J. D. Salinger: A Life Raised High, London, Pomona Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904590-23-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904590-23-1">978-1-904590-23-1</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitfield1997" class="citation journal cs1">Whitfield, Stephen (December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120912144104/http://www.northeastern.edu/neq/pdfs/Whitfield%2C_Stephen_J.pdf">"Cherished and Cursed: Toward a Social History of The Catcher in the Rye"</a> (PDF). The New England Quarterly. 70 (4): 567–600. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F366646">10.2307/366646</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/366646">366646</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northeastern.edu/neq/pdfs/Whitfield%2C_Stephen_J.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 12, 2012. Retrieved November 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Cherished+and+Cursed%3A+Toward+a+Social+History+of+The+Catcher+in+the+Rye&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=567-600&rft.date=1997-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F366646&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F366646%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Whitfield&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northeastern.edu%2Fneq%2Fpdfs%2FWhitfield%252C_Stephen_J.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom, Harold</a>, ed. (2001). J. D. Salinger. Bloom's BioCritiques. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea House">Chelsea House</a>. pp. 77–105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7910-6175-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7910-6175-2"><bdi>0-7910-6175-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.+D.+Salinger&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.series=Bloom%27s+BioCritiques&rft.pages=77-105&rft.pub=Chelsea+House&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7910-6175-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jerome_David_Salinger" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jerome David Salinger">Jerome David Salinger</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/J._D._Salinger" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/J. D. Salinger">J. D. Salinger</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2010" class="citation news cs1">McGrath, Charles (January 28, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/books/29salinger.html">"J. D. Salinger, Literary Recluse, Dies at 91"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=J.+D.+Salinger%2C+Literary+Recluse%2C+Dies+at+91&rft.date=2010-01-28&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F01%2F29%2Fbooks%2F29salinger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+D.+Salinger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121210114221/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nation-world/bal-te.ob.salinger29jan29,0,4629261.story">The Reclusive Writer Inspired a Generation</a>, Baltimore Sun, January 29, 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/7096097/JD-Salinger.html">JD Salinger</a> – Daily Telegraph obituary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3786891.stm">Obituary: JD Salinger</a>, BBC News, January 28, 2010</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2010/02/sali-f02.html">J.D. Salinger (1919–2010): An appreciation</a> World Socialist Web Site. February 2, 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040615211038/http://www.tversu.ru/Science/Hermeneutics/1998-2/1998-2-28-eng.pdf">Implied meanings in J. D. Salinger stories and reverting</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deadcaulfields.com/DCHome.html">Dead Caulfields – The Life and Work of J.D. Salinger</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catchingsalinger.wordpress.com">Catching Salinger</a> – Serialized documentary about the search for J.D. Salinger</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shmoop.com/jd-salinger/">J.D. Salinger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190601200200/https://www.shmoop.com/jd-salinger/">Archived</a> June 1, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> biography, quotes, multimedia, teacher resources</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/23725">On J.D. Salinger</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Greenberg_(writer)" title="Michael Greenberg (writer)">Michael Greenberg</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/culture/books/the-courage-to-be-an-absolute-nobody-1.346920">Essay on Salinger's life from Haaretz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL540486A">Works by J. D. Salinger</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79904#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uea.ac.uk/web/library/british-archive-for-contemporary-writing#">J.D. Salinger – Hartog Letters, University of East Anglia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.life.com/gallery/62491/salinger-and-catcher-in-the-rye#index/0">Salinger and 'Catcher in the Rye'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120124040405/http://www.life.com/gallery/62491/salinger-and-catcher-in-the-rye#index/0">Archived</a> January 24, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> — slideshow by <a href="/wiki/Life_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Life magazine">Life magazine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esquire.com/features/jd-salinger-bio-0697">The Man in the Glass House</a> — Ron Rosenbaum's 1997 profile for <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0758409/">J. D. Salinger</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/n50016589">J. D. Salinger</a> at <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, with 18 library catalog records</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Salinger</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Catcher_in_the_Rye" title="The Catcher in the Rye">The Catcher in the Rye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Stories_(Salinger)" title="Nine Stories (Salinger)">Nine Stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franny_and_Zooey" title="Franny and Zooey">Franny and Zooey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raise_High_the_Roof_Beam,_Carpenters_and_Seymour:_An_Introduction" title="Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction">Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Early_Stories" title="Three Early Stories">Three Early Stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Blue_Melody" title="Blue Melody">Blue Melody</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Both_Parties_Concerned" title="Both Parties Concerned">Both Parties Concerned</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Boy_in_France" title="A Boy in France">A Boy in France</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/De_Daumier-Smith%27s_Blue_Period" title="De Daumier-Smith's Blue Period">De Daumier-Smith's Blue Period</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Down_at_the_Dinghy" title="Down at the Dinghy">Down at the Dinghy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Elaine_(short_story)" title="Elaine (short story)">Elaine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_Esm%C3%A9%E2%80%94with_Love_and_Squalor" title="For Esmé—with Love and Squalor">For Esmé—with Love and Squalor</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Girl_I_Knew" title="A Girl I Knew">A Girl I Knew</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Go_See_Eddie" title="Go See Eddie">Go See Eddie</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Hang_of_It" title="The Hang of It">The Hang of It</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hapworth_16,_1924" title="Hapworth 16, 1924">Hapworth 16, 1924</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Heart_of_a_Broken_Story" title="The Heart of a Broken Story">The Heart of a Broken Story</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Crazy" title="I'm Crazy">I'm Crazy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Inverted_Forest" title="The Inverted Forest">The Inverted Forest</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Just_Before_the_War_with_the_Eskimos" title="Just Before the War with the Eskimos">Just Before the War with the Eskimos</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Last_Day_of_the_Last_Furlough" title="Last Day of the Last Furlough">Last Day of the Last Furlough</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Laughing_Man_(short_story)" title="The Laughing Man (short story)">The Laughing Man</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Long_Debut_of_Lois_Taggett" title="The Long Debut of Lois Taggett">The Long Debut of Lois Taggett</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Once_a_Week_Won%27t_Kill_You" title="Once a Week Won't Kill You">Once a Week Won't Kill You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Perfect_Day_for_Bananafish" title="A Perfect Day for Bananafish">A Perfect Day for Bananafish</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Personal_Notes_of_an_Infantryman" title="Personal Notes of an Infantryman">Personal Notes of an Infantryman</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pretty_Mouth_and_Green_My_Eyes" title="Pretty Mouth and Green My Eyes">Pretty Mouth and Green My Eyes</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slight_Rebellion_off_Madison" title="Slight Rebellion off Madison">Slight Rebellion off Madison</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soft-Boiled_Sergeant" title="Soft-Boiled Sergeant">Soft-Boiled Sergeant</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Stranger_(Salinger_short_story)" title="The Stranger (Salinger short story)">The Stranger</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Teddy_(story)" title="Teddy (story)">Teddy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Sandwich_Has_No_Mayonnaise" title="This Sandwich Has No Mayonnaise">This Sandwich Has No Mayonnaise</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Uncle_Wiggily_in_Connecticut" title="Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut">Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Varioni_Brothers" title="The Varioni Brothers">The Varioni Brothers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Three_Early_Stories#The_Young_Folks" title="Three Early Stories">The Young Folks</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Young_Girl_in_1941_with_No_Waist_at_All" title="A Young Girl in 1941 with No Waist at All">A Young Girl in 1941 with No Waist at All</a>"</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Unpublished" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unpublished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Birthday_Boy_(short_story)" title="Birthday Boy (short story)">Birthday Boy</a>"</li> <li>"The Boy in the People Shooting Hat"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Children%27s_Echelon" title="The Children's Echelon">The Children's Echelon</a>"</li> <li>"I Went to School with Adolf Hitler"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Last_and_Best_of_the_Peter_Pans" title="The Last and Best of the Peter Pans">The Last and Best of the Peter Pans</a>"</li> <li>"Lunch for Three"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Foxhole" title="The Magic Foxhole">The Magic Foxhole</a>"</li> <li>"Monologue for a Watery Highball"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mrs._Hincher" title="Mrs. Hincher">Mrs. Hincher</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ocean_Full_of_Bowling_Balls" title="The Ocean Full of Bowling Balls">The Ocean Full of Bowling Balls</a>"</li> <li>"Paula"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Two_Lonely_Men" title="Two Lonely Men">Two Lonely Men</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Salinger" title="Matt Salinger">Matt Salinger</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden_Caulfield" title="Holden Caulfield">Holden Caulfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_family" title="Glass family">Glass family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinger_v._Random_House,_Inc." title="Salinger v. Random House, Inc.">Salinger v. Random House, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Foolish_Heart_(1949_film)" title="My Foolish Heart (1949 film)">My Foolish Heart</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pari_(1995_film)" title="Pari (1995 film)">Pari</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinger_(film)" title="Salinger (film)">Salinger</a> (2013) (<a href="/wiki/Salinger_(book)" title="Salinger (book)">companion biography</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan%27s_Babe" title="Manhattan's Babe">Manhattan's Babe</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming_Through_the_Rye_(film)" title="Coming Through the Rye (film)">Coming Through the Rye</a> (2015 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_in_the_Rye" title="Rebel in the Rye">Rebel in the Rye</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Salinger_Year" title="My Salinger Year">My Salinger Year</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_J._D._Salinger" title="Category:Works by J. D. Salinger">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79904#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79904#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79904#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121171704">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/17092">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1734675/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbtr9qPpyJrpTqFGkH6Kd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118605054">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50016589">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11923476b">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11923476b">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00455187">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV037957">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35472754">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990007318&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX993805">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/76e95ec6-6c94-4580-953d-bdc3c7b3aeca">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/965575">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118605054.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118605054">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027120031">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zx2909">SNAC</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dz06vw">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&oldid=1258206739">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J._D._Salinger&oldid=1258206739</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: 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[\"CITEREFFiene1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleming2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFosburgh1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFosburgh1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrench1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaines1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeddes2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrunwald1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarold_Bloom2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHigueras2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHonan1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoward2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFItalie2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKubicaHochman,_Will2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamb1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeigh2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLubasch1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLutz2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalcolm2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargaret_Salinger2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaynard1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaynard2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDowell1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGrath2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMcGunagle\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinley1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeilan_Solly2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenand2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuellerHochman,_Will2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeñacoba2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollitt1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrigozy2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRanchan1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReiff2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomano2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSableman1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalinger2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScovell1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShane_Salerno2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheppard1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherwell2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkow1961\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSlawenski2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThalheimer2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWebster2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitfield1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYagoda2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYardley2004\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 24,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 35,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 25,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Cslist\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Salinger, J. D.\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Full citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 6,\n [\"Infobox writer\"] = 1,\n [\"J. D. Salinger\"] = 1,\n [\"LCAuth\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 3,\n [\"More citations needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"OL author\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 7,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Self-published inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 91,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 3,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vs\"] = 4,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 10,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","18.8"],["?","240","17.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","140","10.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","7.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","100","7.2"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","5.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","5.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","4.3"],["type","60","4.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","2.9"],["[others]","220","15.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4ws7h","timestamp":"20241122143427","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"J. 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