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Mitologia bałtyjska – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia
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Treść dostępna w 27 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أساطير بلطيقية – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أساطير بلطيقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Балтика мифологияһы – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Балтика мифологияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Балтыйская міфалогія – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балтыйская міфалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Балцкая міталёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Балцкая міталёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Балтийска митология – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Балтийска митология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitologia_b%C3%A0ltica" title="Mitologia bàltica – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mitologia bàltica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltsk%C3%A1_mytologie" title="Baltská mytologie – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Baltská mytologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltische_Mythologie" title="Baltische Mythologie – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baltische Mythologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Baltic mythology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitolog%C3%ADa_b%C3%A1ltica" title="Mitología báltica – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mitología báltica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balta_mitologio" title="Balta mitologio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balta mitologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitologia_baltiko" title="Mitologia baltiko – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mitologia baltiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اسطورهشناسی بالتیک – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسطورهشناسی بالتیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%ED%8A%B8_%EC%8B%A0%ED%99%94" title="발트 신화 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발트 신화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitologia_baltica" title="Mitologia baltica – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mitologia baltica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt%C5%B3_mitologija" title="Baltų mitologija – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baltų mitologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltische_mythologie" title="Baltische mythologie – limburski" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Baltische mythologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltische_mythologie" title="Baltische mythologie – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baltische mythologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitologia_baltic%C4%83" title="Mitologia baltică – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mitologia baltică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Балтийская мифология – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Балтийская мифология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_paganism" title="Baltic paganism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Baltic paganism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltska_mitologija" title="Baltska mitologija – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baltska mitologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Балтичка митологија – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Балтичка митологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balttilainen_muinaisusko" title="Balttilainen muinaisusko – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Balttilainen muinaisusko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Mitologia bałtyjska</b> – zespół wierzeń i mitów <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%82towie" title="Bałtowie">Bałtów</a>, zaliczany do systemu <a href="/wiki/Politeizm" title="Politeizm">politeistycznych</a> <a href="/wiki/Religie_etniczne" title="Religie etniczne">religii etnicznych</a>. Blisko spokrewniony z <a href="/wiki/Mitologia_s%C5%82owia%C5%84ska" title="Mitologia słowiańska">mitologią słowiańską</a>. Różnice polegały głównie na tym, że <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3stwo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bóstwo">bóstwa</a> nie występowały pod postacią ludzką i częściej były płci żeńskiej. </p><p>Szczególne znaczenie miały dla Bałtów bóstwa nieba, ciał niebieskich (zwłaszcza Słońca i Księżyca tworzących boską parę), ziemi i urodzaju. Wierzono w różne <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demony</a>, zaś <a href="/wiki/%C5%81otysze" title="Łotysze">Łotysze</a> w ponad 70 dobrych i złych duchów zwanych <i>Matkami</i>. W wierzeniach <a href="/wiki/Litwa" title="Litwa">litewskich</a> duszami zmarłych opiekował się bóg <b>Sovi(j)</b>, a w łotewskich <b>Velu mate</b> („matka dusz”). </p><p>Nie znano świątyń; za miejsce kultu służyły <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99ty_gaj_(antropologia)" title="Święty gaj (antropologia)">święte gaje</a>, dąbrowy, źródła i kamienie. Powszechny był kult świętych drzew, w które miały przenikać dusze zmarłych oraz kult ognia mającego właściwości oczyszczające. Składano ofiary ze zwierząt i płodów rolnych i czasem z jeńców wojennych. </p><p>Obchodzono święta o charakterze agrarnym, zwłaszcza na jesień związane ze składaniem darów dla zmarłych. </p><p>Anonimowy autor (Czech, Niemiec lub Polak) napisanego między rokiem 1255 a 1260 po łacinie traktatu „Opis krajów” (<i>Descriptio Terrarum</i>) zawarł w 9. rozdziale takie uwagi o religii Prusów i ich obrządku pogrzebowym, właściwym wszystkim ludom bałtyjskim: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74506874">.mw-parser-output div.cytat{display:table;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0;margin-top:0.5em;margin-bottom:0.8em;background:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output div.cytat>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0.5em 1.5em}.mw-parser-output div.cytat-zrodlo{text-align:right;padding:0 1em 0.5em 1.5em}.mw-parser-output div.cytat-zrodlo::before{content:"— "}.mw-parser-output div.cytat.środek{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output div.cytat.prawy{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1.4em}.mw-parser-output div.cytat.lewy{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1.4em}.mw-parser-output div.cytat.prawy:not([style]),.mw-parser-output div.cytat.lewy:not([style]){max-width:25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div.cytat{background-color:#202122;border-color:#2e3136}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div.cytat{background-color:#202122;border-color:#2e3136}}</style><div class="cytat środek"> <blockquote> <p><i>Prusowie ci czcili w szczególny sposób wybrane lasy jako bogów. Kierowali się bardzo wróżbami. Zmarłych palili wraz z końmi i zbroją oraz we wspaniałych szatach. Wierzą bowiem, że tymi i innymi rzeczami, które zostaną spalone, będą mogli posługiwać się w przyszłym życiu.</i> </p> </blockquote> <div class="cytat-zrodlo">„Opis krajów” [w:] <i>Spotkanie dwóch światów. Stolica Apostolska a świat mongolski w połowie XIII wieku</i>, pod red. Jerzego Strzelczyka, Wydawnictwo ABOS, Poznań 1993, s. 289-301, <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8385337245" title="Specjalna:Książki/8385337245">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-85337-24-5</span></a></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitologia_ba%C5%82tyjska&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitologia_ba%C5%82tyjska&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle" style="margin:0.2em 0 0.5em 1.6em"><span class="nomobile navigation-not-searchable"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span> </span><i>Wykaz literatury uzupełniającej: <a href="/wiki/Dyskusja:Mitologia_ba%C5%82tyjska#Literatura_uzupełniająca" title="Dyskusja:Mitologia bałtyjska">Mitologia bałtyjska</a>.</i></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodzimowierstwo_ba%C5%82tyjskie" title="Rodzimowierstwo bałtyjskie">rodzimowierstwo bałtyjskie</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Mitologia" title="Mitologia">mitologia</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph211790">ph211790</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555862305171">987007555862305171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_%C5%81otwy" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Łotwy">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000050488&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000050488</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitologia_bałtyjska&oldid=74370981">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitologia_bałtyjska&oldid=74370981</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Mitologia_ba%C5%82tyjska" title="Kategoria:Mitologia bałtyjska">Mitologia bałtyjska</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 22 lip 2024, 23:10.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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