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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-War_with_the_Seleucid_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_with_the_Seleucid_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>War with the Seleucid Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_with_the_Seleucid_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities_on_the_Central_Asian_Steppe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities_on_the_Central_Asian_Steppe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Activities on the Central Asian Steppe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities_on_the_Central_Asian_Steppe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuliab_inscription" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuliab_inscription"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kuliab inscription</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuliab_inscription-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coinage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coinage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Coinage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coinage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Coinage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Coinage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relative_chronology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relative_chronology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Relative chronology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relative_chronology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronze_coinage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronze_coinage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bronze coinage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronze_coinage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_coinage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_coinage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Posthumous coinage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_coinage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torlonia_Euthydemus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torlonia_Euthydemus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Torlonia Euthydemus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torlonia_Euthydemus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" title="إيوثيديموس الأول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيوثيديموس الأول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%85" title="بیرینجی اوتیدم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیرینجی اوتیدم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8" title="প্রথম ইউথুদেমোস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রথম ইউথুদেমোস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC_I" title="Евтидем I – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Евтидем I" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutidem_I" title="Eutidem I – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eutidem I" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthydemos_I." title="Euthydemos I. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Euthydemos I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ευθύδημος Α΄ της Βακτρίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευθύδημος Α΄ της Βακτρίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutidemo_I" title="Eutidemo I – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eutidemo I" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%85_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="اوتیدم یکم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوتیدم یکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthyd%C3%A8me_Ier" title="Euthydème Ier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Euthydème Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%9A%B0%ED%8B%B0%EB%8D%B0%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4_1%EC%84%B8" title="에우티데모스 1세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에우티데모스 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutidemo_I" title="Eutidemo I – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eutidemo I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="يوثيديموس الاول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوثيديموس الاول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthydemos_I" title="Euthydemos I – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Euthydemos I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A6%E3%83%86%E3%83%A5%E3%83%87%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B91%E4%B8%96" title="エウテュデモス1世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エウテュデモス1世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevtidem" title="Yevtidem – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yevtidem" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutydemos_I" title="Eutydemos I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eutydemos I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutidemo_I" title="Eutidemo I – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eutidemo I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC_I" title="Евтидем I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Евтидем I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutidem_I" title="Eutidem I – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Eutidem I" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthydemos_I" title="Euthydemos I – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Euthydemos I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Euthydemus" title="I. Euthydemus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Euthydemus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC_I" title="Євтидем I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Євтидем I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthydemos_I" title="Euthydemos I – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Euthydemos I" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Greco-Bactrian king and founder of the Euthydemid dynasty</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Euthydemus I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus">Basileus</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Euthydemos_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coin_of_Euthydemos_I.jpg/300px-Coin_of_Euthydemos_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Coin_of_Euthydemos_I.jpg/450px-Coin_of_Euthydemos_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Coin_of_Euthydemos_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="226" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Coin of Euthydemus</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">King of <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 224–195 BC</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diodotus_II" title="Diodotus II">Diodotus II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius I</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 260 BC</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn20206,_41–42_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn20206,_41–42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">195/190 BC<br /><a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius I</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Pantaleon" title="Pantaleon">Pantaleon</a><br />Antimachus<br /><a href="/wiki/Euthydemus_II" title="Euthydemus II">Euthydemus II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euthydemid_dynasty" title="Euthydemid dynasty">Euthydemid</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Euthydemus I</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Εὐθύδημος</span></span>, <i>Euthýdēmos</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 260 BC</span> – 200/195 BC) was a <a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian</a> king and founder of the <a href="/wiki/Euthydemid_dynasty" title="Euthydemid dynasty">Euthydemid dynasty</a>. He is thought to have originally been a <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdia</a>, who usurped power from <a href="/wiki/Diodotus_II" title="Diodotus II">Diodotus II</a> in 224 BC. Literary sources, notably <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>, record how he and his son <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius</a> resisted an invasion by the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid">Seleucid</a> king <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochus III">Antiochus III</a> from 209 to 206 BC. Euthydemus expanded the Bactrian territory into <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdia</a>, constructed several fortresses, including the Derbent Wall in the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_(Central_Asia)" title="Iron Gate (Central Asia)">Iron Gate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262-265_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262-265-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and issued a very substantial coinage. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Euthydemus was an <a href="/wiki/Ionian_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionian Greeks">Ionian-Greek</a> from one of the Magnesias in <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it is uncertain from which one (<a href="/wiki/Magnesia_on_the_Maeander" title="Magnesia on the Maeander">Magnesia on the Maeander</a> or <a href="/wiki/Magnesia_ad_Sipylum" title="Magnesia ad Sipylum">Magnesia ad Sipylum</a>), and was the father of <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius I</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-polybius_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polybius-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn20206,_41–42_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn20206,_41–42-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Woodthorpe_Tarn" title="William Woodthorpe Tarn">William Woodthorpe Tarn</a> proposed that Euthydemus was the son of a Greek general called Antimachus or Apollodotus, born c. 295 BC, whom he considered to be the son of <a href="/wiki/Sophytes#Sophytes_the_satrap" title="Sophytes">Sophytes</a>, and that he married a sister of the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Diodotus_II" title="Diodotus II">Diodotus II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-T73_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T73-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_with_the_Seleucid_Empire">War with the Seleucid Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: War with the Seleucid Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BactriaMap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BactriaMap.jpg/300px-BactriaMap.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BactriaMap.jpg/450px-BactriaMap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BactriaMap.jpg/600px-BactriaMap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1905" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic Age">Hellenistic Age</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Little is known of his reign until 208 BC when he was attacked by <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III the Great</a>, whom he tried in vain to resist on the shores of the river <a href="/wiki/Hari_River,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hari River, Afghanistan">Arius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Arius" title="Battle of the Arius">Battle of the Arius</a>), the modern Harirud. Although he commanded 10,000 horsemen, Euthydemus initially lost a battle on the Arius <sup id="cite_ref-polybius_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polybius-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had to retreat. He then successfully resisted a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bactra" title="Siege of Bactra">three-year siege</a> in the fortified city of <a href="/wiki/Bactra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bactra">Bactra</a>, before Antiochus finally decided to recognize the new ruler, and to offer one of his daughters to Euthydemus's son Demetrius around 206 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-polybius_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polybius-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the peace treaty, Antiochus was given <a href="/wiki/Indian_elephant" title="Indian elephant">Indian</a> <a href="/wiki/War_elephants" class="mw-redirect" title="War elephants">war elephants</a> by Euthydemus.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>For Euthydemus himself was a native of Magnesia, and he now, in defending himself to Teleas, said that Antiochus was not justified in attempting to deprive him of his kingdom, as he himself had never revolted against the king, but after others had revolted he had possessed himself of the throne of Bactria by destroying their descendants. (...) finally Euthydemus sent off his son Demetrius to ratify the agreement. Antiochus, on receiving the young man and judging him from his appearance, conversation, and dignity of bearing to be worthy of royal rank, in the first place promised to give him one of his daughters in marriage and next gave permission to his father to style himself king</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>, 11.34, 2 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Polybius/11*.html">[1]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Polybius also relates that Euthydemus negotiated peace with Antiochus III by suggesting that he deserved credit for overthrowing the descendants of the original rebel Diodotus, and that he was protecting Central Asia from nomadic invasions thanks to his defensive efforts. </p><p>The war lasted altogether three years and after the Seleucid army left, the kingdom seems to have recovered quickly from the assault. The death of Euthydemus has been roughly estimated to 200 BC or perhaps 195 BC. He was succeeded by Demetrius, who went on to invade northwestern regions of <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activities_on_the_Central_Asian_Steppe">Activities on the Central Asian Steppe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Activities on the Central Asian Steppe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polybius claims that Euthydemus justified his kingship during his peace negotiations with Antiochus III in 206 BC by reference to the threat of attack by nomads on the <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asian</a> <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a>: </p> <dl><dd>"...[he said that] if [Antiochus] did not yield to this demand, neither of them would be safe: seeing that great hoards of Nomads were close at hand, who were a danger to both; and that if they admitted them into the country, it would certainly be utterly barbarised." (<a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+11.34">11.34</a>).</dd></dl> <p>Archaeological evidence from coin finds shows that Euthydemus' reign saw extensive activity at fortresses in northwestern Bactria (the modern <a href="/wiki/Surkhan_Darya" class="mw-redirect" title="Surkhan Darya">Surkhan Darya</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>), especially in the <a href="/wiki/Gissar_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Gissar Range">Gissar</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%BDtendag_Range" title="Köýtendag Range">Köýtendag mountains</a>. The Seleucid fortress at <a href="/wiki/Uzundara" title="Uzundara">Uzundara</a> was expanded and large numbers of Euthydemus' bronze coins have been found there, as was as hundreds of arrowheads and other remains indicating a violent assault.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262-264_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262-264-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coin finds also seem to indicate that Euthydemus was responsible for the first construction of the Derbent Wall, otherwise known as the "<a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_(Central_Asia)" title="Iron Gate (Central Asia)">Iron Gate</a>", a 1.6-1.7 km long stone wall with towers and a central fortress guarding a key pass.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStančo2021264-265_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStančo2021264-265-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Landislav Stančo tentatively links the archaeological evidence with the nomad threat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Stančo also notes that Derbent wall seems to have been designed not to defend against an attack from Sogdia to the northwest, but from Bactria to the southeast. Hundreds of arrowheads also seem to indicate an attack on the wall from the southeast. Stančo proposes that Euthydemus was originally based in Sogdia and built the fortifications to protect himself from Bactria, before seizing control of the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStančo2021265-266_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStančo2021265-266-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lucas Christopoulos goes further, proposing that he controlled a large area going from Sogdiana to <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim basin</a> walled cities together with enrolled Hellenized <a href="/wiki/Saka" title="Saka">Saka</a> horsemen even before he ascended the throne of Bactria in 250-230 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuliab_inscription">Kuliab inscription</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kuliab inscription"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heliodotos_inscription,_Kuliab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Heliodotos_inscription%2C_Kuliab.jpg/300px-Heliodotos_inscription%2C_Kuliab.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Heliodotos_inscription%2C_Kuliab.jpg/450px-Heliodotos_inscription%2C_Kuliab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Heliodotos_inscription%2C_Kuliab.jpg/600px-Heliodotos_inscription%2C_Kuliab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1406" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption>Section of the Kuliab inscription written in Greek</figcaption></figure> <p>In an inscription found in the <a href="/wiki/Kulab,_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulab, Tajikistan">Kuliab</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, northeastern Greco-Bactria, and dated to 200-195 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace2016206_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace2016206-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Greek by the name of Heliodotus, dedicating an altar to <a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a>, mentions Euthydemus as the greatest of all kings, and his son Demetrius I:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi200748_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi200748-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>This fragrant altar to you, Hestia, most honoured among the gods, Heliodotus established in the grove of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> with its fair trees, furnishing it with libations and burnt-offerings, so that you may graciously preserve free from care, together with divine <a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">good fortune</a>, Euthydemus, greatest of all kings and his outstanding son Demetrius, renowned for fine victories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn20208_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn20208-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>This is a further indication, alongside the passages from Polybius, that Euthydemus had made his son Demetrius a junior partner in his rule during his lifetime. The reference to Demetrius as a "glorious conqueror" might refer to a specific victory, in the conflict with Antiochus III<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi201147_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi201147-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in India, or look forward to future victories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn20208_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn20208-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coinage">Coinage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coinage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_youth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_youth.jpg/248px-Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_youth.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_youth.jpg/372px-Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_youth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_youth.jpg/496px-Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_youth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="1089" /></a><figcaption>Coin of Euthydemus, 'youthful' portrait (type 1).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_young-man.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_young-man.jpg/248px-Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_young-man.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_young-man.jpg/372px-Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_young-man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_young-man.jpg/496px-Silver_tetradrachm_of_Euthydemus_I_as_a_young-man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>Coin of Euthydemus, 'middle-aged' portrait (type 3).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euthydemos_I_Ai_Khanoum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Euthydemos_I_Ai_Khanoum.jpg/248px-Euthydemos_I_Ai_Khanoum.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Euthydemos_I_Ai_Khanoum.jpg/372px-Euthydemos_I_Ai_Khanoum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Euthydemos_I_Ai_Khanoum.jpg/496px-Euthydemos_I_Ai_Khanoum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Coin of Euthydemus, 'old age' portrait (type 4).</figcaption></figure> <p>Euthydemus minted coins in gold, silver and bronze at two mints, known as 'Mint A' and 'Mint B'. He produced significantly more coins than any of his successors and was the last Greco-Bactrian coinage to include gold denominations until the time of <a href="/wiki/Eucratides_I" title="Eucratides I">Eucratides I</a> (ca. 170-145 BC). Euthydemus' gold and silver issues are all minted on the <a href="/wiki/Attic_weight_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Attic weight standard">Attic weight standard</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Tetradrachm" title="Tetradrachm">tetradrachm</a> of ca. 16.13 g and all have the same basic design. On the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a>, his face is depicted in profile, clean-shaven, with unruly hair, and a <a href="/wiki/Diadem" title="Diadem">diadem</a> - this iconography is typical of <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> kings, ultimately deriving from depictions of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>. The reverse shows <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a>, naked, seated on a rock, resting his club on a neighbouring rock or on his knee, with a legend reading ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΕΥΘΥΔΗΜΟΥ ('of King Euthydemos').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heracles was apparently a popular deity in Bactria, associated with Alexander the Great, but this reverse type is very similar to coins minted by the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid">Seleucids</a> in western Asia Minor, near Euthydemus' home city of Magnesia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi201147_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi201147-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202041–42_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202041–42-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heracles continues to appear on the coinage of Euthydemus' immediate successors, Demetrius and <a href="/wiki/Euthydemus_II" title="Euthydemus II">Euthydemus II</a>. </p><p>There are four distinct versions of the obverse portrait, presumably reflecting different models given to the die engravers. The first of these is an 'idealising' portrait, depicting him as a young or middle-aged man, with very large eyes, an arching eyebrow, pointed nose and protruding chin, the diadem is very broad. The overall appearance is very similar to images of <a href="/wiki/Diodotus_I" title="Diodotus I">Diodotus I</a> on his coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt200175_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKritt200175-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second shows him with a tall, large face with heavier jowls; his eye is smaller and the diadem is much narrower.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt200175_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKritt200175-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third portrait is similar, but with the hair above his forehead stylised as a series of semicircles. Finally, in the fourth portrait style, Euthydemus is portrayed as a visibly aged man with very large jowls; his hair also interacts with the diadem in a more natural way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt200175_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKritt200175-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Portrait type 1 is the earliest and portrait type 4 is the latest and these coins have often been interpreted as showing Euthydemus aging over the course of a long reign. However, Simon Glenn argues that the types instead represent a shift from 'idealising' portraiture to 'naturalising', pointing out that distinctions of age in the first three types are highly subjective.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This shift to <a href="/wiki/Verism" title="Verism">verism</a> represents a substantial divergence from the usual iconography of Hellenistic kings, whose coinage usually showed them in a youthful, idealised guise, regardless of their age.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Portrait type 4 has been compared with a Roman-period bust in the <a href="/wiki/Torlonia_Collection" title="Torlonia Collection">Torlonia Collection</a>, which was accordingly identified by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Six_(art_historian)" title="Jan Six (art historian)">Jan Six (art historian)</a> in 1894 as a bust of Euthydemus, known as the "Torlonia Euthydemus." This identification has been contested by <a href="/wiki/R._R._R._Smith" title="R. R. R. Smith">R. R. R. Smith</a>, who identifies the bust as a general of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman republic">Roman republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988Appendix_4_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988Appendix_4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relative_chronology">Relative chronology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relative chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Like the earlier Diodotid coinage and that of Euthydemus' successors, monograms and die links allow the precious metal coinage to be divided into two mints, which produced coins simultaneously. "Mint A" uses two types of monogram: one in the form of vertical line bisecting an equilateral triangle, with two shorter vertical lines hanging down from the corners of the triangle, and another with an Α contained within a Π.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202072–75_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202072–75-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mint B initially used three monograms, of which the most long-lasting was a combination of Ρ and Η; later these were replaced by a monogram combining a Ρ and a Κ.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076–80_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076–80-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A putative "Mint C" has now been shown to be identical with "Mint B".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt201556_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKritt201556-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202078_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202078-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frank Holt and Brian Kritt identify "Mint B" with <a href="/wiki/Bactra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bactra">Bactra</a>, the kingdom's capital. Holt identifies "Mint A" with Ai Khanoum, while Kritt prefers some other location near Ai Khanoum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999132_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999132-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt200166,_135_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKritt200166,_135-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simon Glenn emphasises the that "we do not know the location of either mint" and that it is particularly uncertain whether there was a mint at Ai Khanoum at all.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202080–81_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202080–81-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sogdian_barbaric_copy_of_a_coin_of_Euthydemus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sogdian_barbaric_copy_of_a_coin_of_Euthydemus.jpg/248px-Sogdian_barbaric_copy_of_a_coin_of_Euthydemus.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sogdian_barbaric_copy_of_a_coin_of_Euthydemus.jpg/372px-Sogdian_barbaric_copy_of_a_coin_of_Euthydemus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Sogdian_barbaric_copy_of_a_coin_of_Euthydemus.jpg/496px-Sogdian_barbaric_copy_of_a_coin_of_Euthydemus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="757" /></a><figcaption>Barbaric copy of a coin of Euthydemus from the region of <a href="/wiki/Sogdiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogdiana">Sogdiana</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>The earliest coins use portrait type 1 and have a 6 o'clock die axis (i.e. the top of the obverse is aligned with the bottom of the reverse). At Mint A, these coins, Group I (A1-A10) consist of silver <a href="/wiki/Tetradrachm" title="Tetradrachm">tetradrachms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_drachma" title="Ancient drachma">drachms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_drachma" title="Ancient drachma">hemidrachms</a>; they use either of the two monograms, plus the letters ΤΙ, ΑΝ, Α, Ν, or no monogram at all.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073–74_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073–74-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These additional letters may have referred to the specific batch of bullion used in minting the coins.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202074_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202074-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Partway through this issue, Mint A switches to a 12 o'clock die axis (i.e. the top of the obverse is aligned with the top of the reverse). At Mint A, Group I continues after this change.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073–74_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073–74-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Mint B ("Group I"), the coins consist of gold <a href="/wiki/Stater" title="Stater">staters</a> (ca. 8.27 g), and small numbers of silver tetradrachms and drachms, and all three monograms are used.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076–78_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076–78-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the gold staters are die-linked to earlier Diodotid coins minted in the name of "Antiochus," but it is possible that the linked coins are modern forgeries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Mint B, these coins are followed by Group II (CR1-CR3), which consists of gold staters and silver tetradrachms with portrait type 1 (but with some features similar to portrait model 3). Most of these coins use the Η with triangle monogram.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202078_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202078-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agathokles_commemorative_coin_for_Euthydemus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Agathokles_commemorative_coin_for_Euthydemus.jpg/248px-Agathokles_commemorative_coin_for_Euthydemus.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Agathokles_commemorative_coin_for_Euthydemus.jpg/372px-Agathokles_commemorative_coin_for_Euthydemus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Agathokles_commemorative_coin_for_Euthydemus.jpg/496px-Agathokles_commemorative_coin_for_Euthydemus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>'Pedigree' coin of <a href="/wiki/Agathocles_of_Bactria" title="Agathocles of Bactria">Agathocles</a>, depicting 'Euthydemus Theos' ('the God')</figcaption></figure><p>The next period starts with the introduction of the second portrait type. At Mint A, Group II (A11-A14) only tetradrachms were minted in this period, all with the bisected triangle monogram, sometimes accompanied by a Ν or an Α.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202074–75_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202074–75-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Mint B this issue consisted of Group III (CR4), composed of gold staters and silver tetradrachms, with a monogram composed of Ρ, Η, and Α. This is followed by the first issue at Mint B to use a 12 o'clock die axis, Group IV (B13), consisting only of tetradrachms, all with the ΡΚ monogram, and produced in much large numbers than had previously been the case at Mint B.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202079_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202079-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third portrait type, introduced only at Mint B, characterises Group V (B14-B15), which consists of tetradrachms and drachms. </p><p>At Mint A, the introduction of portrait type 4 is marked by the start of Group III (A16-A17) and a gold <a href="/wiki/Ancient_drachma" title="Ancient drachma">octodrachm</a> (A15) with a reverse modelled on Mint B's Group V, known from a single example weighing 32.73 g. This issue is generally associated with the end of Antiochus III's siege of Bactra in 206 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999131_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999131-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt2001_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKritt2001-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202075_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202075-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Group III is much smaller than previous issues at Mint A and is the last issue produced by the mint in Euthydemus' reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073_&_75_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073_&_75-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Mint B, the introduction of portrait 4 coincides with the large issue of Groups VI and VII (B17).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202080_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202080-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bronze_coinage">Bronze coinage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bronze coinage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the precious metal coinage, Euthydemus also produced bronze coins. Almost all have a bearded male head, identified as Heracles, on the obverse and a rearing horse on the reverse with the legend ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΕΥΘΥΔΗΜΟΥ ('of King Euthydemos'). The earlier coins have thick <a href="/wiki/Planchet" title="Planchet">flans</a> with beveled edges (like the bronze of the Diodotids) and no monograms. These coins were issued in four denominations, referred to by modern scholars as a double unit (5.26-11.82 g), a single unit (2.95-5.07 g), a half unit (1.47-2.28 g), and a quarter unit (0.76-0.79 g). Some of the quarter units have a horse's head or a trident on the reverse instead of the usual reverse type.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202081–82_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202081–82-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apparently later issues have thinner, flat flans. These bronzes were minted in the double, single, and half denominations. Most of them have no monograms, but some of them bear the ΡΚ symbol associated with Groups IV-VII at Mint B, and a few have a trident, anchor with ΔΙ, or an Ε.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202083–84_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202083–84-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The anchor was one of the main symbols of the Seleucid dynasty and ΔΙ is a monogram used by the Seleucids, so Holt interpreted it as commemorating Euthydemus' treaty with Antiochus III in 206 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999132_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999132-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simon Glenn is sceptical of this argument, seeing the anchor and other symbols as control marks, but he entertains the possibility that the anchor indicates "a shared production process" between the anchor bronzes and the coinage produced by Antiochus III in Bactria.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202083–84_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202083–84-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Posthumous_coinage">Posthumous coinage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Posthumous coinage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Euthydemus is also featured on the 'pedigree' coinage produced by the later kings <a href="/wiki/Agathocles_of_Bactria" title="Agathocles of Bactria">Agathocles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antimachus_I" title="Antimachus I">Antimachus I</a>. On this coinage he bears the royal epithet, <i>Theos</i> ('God'); it is unclear whether he used this title in life or if it was assigned to him by Agathocles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn2020137_&_156-158_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn2020137_&_156-158-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His coins were imitated by the nomadic tribes of Central Asia for decades after his death; these imitations are called "barbaric" because of their crude style. Lyonnet proposes that these coins were produced by refugees fleeing the destruction of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom by the <a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a> in the mid-second century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyonnet2021324–326_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyonnet2021324–326-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Torlonia_Euthydemus">Torlonia Euthydemus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Torlonia Euthydemus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exhibition-_The_Torlonia_Marbles._Collecting_Masterpieces,_Rome_(2021)_-_51285704332.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Exhibition-_The_Torlonia_Marbles._Collecting_Masterpieces%2C_Rome_%282021%29_-_51285704332.jpg/183px-Exhibition-_The_Torlonia_Marbles._Collecting_Masterpieces%2C_Rome_%282021%29_-_51285704332.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Exhibition-_The_Torlonia_Marbles._Collecting_Masterpieces%2C_Rome_%282021%29_-_51285704332.jpg/275px-Exhibition-_The_Torlonia_Marbles._Collecting_Masterpieces%2C_Rome_%282021%29_-_51285704332.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Exhibition-_The_Torlonia_Marbles._Collecting_Masterpieces%2C_Rome_%282021%29_-_51285704332.jpg/367px-Exhibition-_The_Torlonia_Marbles._Collecting_Masterpieces%2C_Rome_%282021%29_-_51285704332.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3128" data-file-height="4772" /></a><figcaption>The "Torlonia Euthydemus", <a href="/wiki/Torlonia_Collection" title="Torlonia Collection">Torlonia Marbles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The "<a href="/wiki/Torlonia_Museum" title="Torlonia Museum">Torlonia</a> Euthydemus" or "<a href="/wiki/Villa_Albani" title="Villa Albani">Albani</a> Euthydemus" bust, now in the <a href="/wiki/Torlonia_Collection" title="Torlonia Collection">Torlonia Collection</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> but formerly belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Albani" title="Villa Albani">Villa Albani</a> collection, has often been suggested as a possible statue of the Bactrian ruler Euthydemus, based on resemblance with his effigy on coinage.<sup id="cite_ref-OB27_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OB27-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerner199953_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerner199953-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is now rejected, as the statue in question is now considered as a 1st century portrait of a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Republican</a> commander or a client ruler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerner199953_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerner199953-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The style of the statue itself is consistent with the style of the Republican period, rather than the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OB27_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OB27-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The style of the broad-brimmed hat on the statue is also very different from the Hellenistic <i><a href="/wiki/Kausia" title="Kausia">kausia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-OB27_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OB27-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn20206,_41–42-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn20206,_41–42_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn20206,_41–42_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 6, 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262-265-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262-265_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStančo2021">Stančo 2021</a>, p. 262-265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTarn2010" class="citation book cs1">Tarn, William Woodthorpe (2010-06-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-HeJS3nE9cAC"><i>The Greeks in Bactria and India</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-00941-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-00941-6"><bdi>978-1-108-00941-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greeks+in+Bactria+and+India&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft.isbn=978-1-108-00941-6&rft.aulast=Tarn&rft.aufirst=William+Woodthorpe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-HeJS3nE9cAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strabo, Geography 11.11.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-polybius-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polybius_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-polybius_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-polybius_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plb.+11.34">Polybius 11.34 Siege of Bactra</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T73-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-T73_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarn2010" class="citation book cs1">Tarn, William Woodthorpe (2010-06-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-HeJS3nE9cAC&q=Diodotus"><i>The Greeks in Bactria and India</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108009416" title="Special:BookSources/9781108009416"><bdi>9781108009416</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greeks+in+Bactria+and+India&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft.isbn=9781108009416&rft.aulast=Tarn&rft.aufirst=William+Woodthorpe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-HeJS3nE9cAC%26q%3DDiodotus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolybius" class="citation book cs1">Polybius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Polybius/11*.html#39"><i>Histories</i></a>. <q>adding to his own the elephants belonging to Euthydemus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histories&rft.au=Polybius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FPolybius%2F11%2A.html%2339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262-264-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262-264_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStančo2021">Stančo 2021</a>, p. 262-264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStančo2021264-265-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStančo2021264-265_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStančo2021">Stančo 2021</a>, p. 264-265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStančo2021262_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStančo2021">Stančo 2021</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStančo2021265-266-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStančo2021265-266_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStančo2021">Stančo 2021</a>, p. 265-266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lucas, Christopoulos; Dionysian rituals and the Golden Zeus of China <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp326_dionysian_rituals_china.pdf">http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp326_dionysian_rituals_china.pdf</a> pp.75-118 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWallace2016206-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWallace2016206_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWallace2016">Wallace 2016</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi200748-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi200748_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBopearachchi2007">Bopearachchi 2007</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn20208-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn20208_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn20208_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.attalus.org/docs/seg/s54_1569.html">Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum: 54.1569</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi201147-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi201147_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBopearachchi201147_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBopearachchi2011">Bopearachchi 2011</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 32–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202041–42-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202041–42_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 41–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKritt200175-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt200175_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt200175_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt200175_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKritt2001">Kritt 2001</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202032–34,_71–72_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 32–34, 71–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1988Appendix_4-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1988Appendix_4_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith1988">Smith 1988</a>, Appendix 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202072–75-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202072–75_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 72–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076–80-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076–80_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 76–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKritt201556-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt201556_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKritt2015">Kritt 2015</a>, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202078-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202078_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202078_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999132-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999132_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999132_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolt1999">Holt 1999</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKritt200166,_135-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt200166,_135_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKritt2001">Kritt 2001</a>, pp. 66, 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202080–81-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202080–81_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 80–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073–74-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073–74_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073–74_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 73–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202074-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202074_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076–78-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076–78_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 76–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202076_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These may be coins of Diodotus I in the name of the Seleucid king <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II_Theos" title="Antiochus II Theos">Antiochus II Theos</a> or coins of a putative successor of Diodotus II called <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_Nicator" title="Antiochus Nicator">Antiochus Nicator</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202074–75-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202074–75_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 74–75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202079-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202079_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolt1999131-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolt1999131_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolt1999">Holt 1999</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKritt2001-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKritt2001_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKritt2001">Kritt 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202075-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202075_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, p. 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073_&_75-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202073_&_75_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 73 & 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202080-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202080_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202081–82-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202081–82_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 81–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn202083–84-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202083–84_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn202083–84_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 83–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlenn2020137_&_156-158-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlenn2020137_&_156-158_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlenn2020">Glenn 2020</a>, pp. 137 & 156-158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyonnet2021324–326-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyonnet2021324–326_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLyonnet2021">Lyonnet 2021</a>, pp. 324–326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OB27-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OB27_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OB27_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OB27_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBopearachchi1998" class="citation journal cs1">Bopearachchi, Osmund (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24049090">"A Faience Head of a Graeco-Bactrian King from Ai Khanum"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Asia Institute</i>. <b>12</b>: 27. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0890-4464">0890-4464</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24049090">24049090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Asia+Institute&rft.atitle=A+Faience+Head+of+a+Graeco-Bactrian+King+from+Ai+Khanum&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24049090%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0890-4464&rft.aulast=Bopearachchi&rft.aufirst=Osmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24049090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELerner199953-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerner199953_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerner199953_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLerner1999">Lerner 1999</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBivar" class="citation web cs1">Bivar, A.D.H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/euthydemus">"EUTHYDEMUS in the Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>. <i>iranicaonline.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=EUTHYDEMUS+in+the+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.aulast=Bivar&rft.aufirst=A.D.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firanicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Feuthydemus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBopearachchi2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Osmund_Bopearachchi" title="Osmund Bopearachchi">Bopearachchi, Osmund</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/22821570">"Some Observations on the Chronology of the Early Kushans"</a>. In Gyselen, R. (ed.). <i>Des Indo-Grecs aux Sassanides: données pour L'histoire et la géographie historique</i> [<i>From the Indo-Greeks to the Sassanids: Data for History and Historical Geography</i>] (in French). Leuven: Peeters. pp. 41–53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782952137614" title="Special:BookSources/9782952137614"><bdi>9782952137614</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Some+Observations+on+the+Chronology+of+the+Early+Kushans&rft.btitle=Des+Indo-Grecs+aux+Sassanides%3A+donn%C3%A9es+pour+L%27histoire+et+la+g%C3%A9ographie+historique&rft.place=Leuven&rft.pages=41-53&rft.pub=Peeters&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9782952137614&rft.aulast=Bopearachchi&rft.aufirst=Osmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F22821570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBopearachchi2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Osmund_Bopearachchi" title="Osmund Bopearachchi">Bopearachchi, Osmund</a> (2011). "The Emergence of the Greco-Baktrian and Indo-Greek Kingdoms". In Wright, Nicholas L. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/28574715"><i>Coins from Asia Minor and the East: Selections from the Colin E. Pitchfork Collection</i></a>. Adelaide: Numismatic Association of Australia. pp. 47–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-646-55051-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-646-55051-0"><bdi>978-0-646-55051-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+the+Greco-Baktrian+and+Indo-Greek+Kingdoms&rft.btitle=Coins+from+Asia+Minor+and+the+East%3A+Selections+from+the+Colin+E.+Pitchfork+Collection&rft.place=Adelaide&rft.pages=47-51&rft.pub=Numismatic+Association+of+Australia&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-646-55051-0&rft.aulast=Bopearachchi&rft.aufirst=Osmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F28574715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBordeaux2021" class="citation book cs1">Bordeaux, Olivier (2021). "Monetary Policies during the early Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom (250-190 BCE)". In Mairs, Rachel (ed.). <i>The Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek world</i>. Routledge worlds, vol. 15. Abingdon, Oxon & New York. pp. 510–519. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315108513">10.4324/9781315108513</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138090699" title="Special:BookSources/9781138090699"><bdi>9781138090699</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226338994">226338994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Monetary+Policies+during+the+early+Graeco-Bactrian+Kingdom+%28250-190+BCE%29&rft.btitle=The+Graeco-Bactrian+and+Indo-Greek+world&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon+%26+New+York&rft.series=Routledge+worlds%2C+vol.+15&rft.pages=510-519&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A226338994%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315108513&rft.isbn=9781138090699&rft.aulast=Bordeaux&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenn2020" class="citation book cs1">Glenn, Simon (2020). <i>Money and Power in Hellenistic Bactria: Euthydemus I to Antimachus I</i>. New York: American Numismatic Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0897223614" title="Special:BookSources/978-0897223614"><bdi>978-0897223614</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Money+and+Power+in+Hellenistic+Bactria%3A+Euthydemus+I+to+Antimachus+I&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=American+Numismatic+Society&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0897223614&rft.aulast=Glenn&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt1981" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Holt" title="Frank Holt">Holt, Frank L.</a> (1981). "The Euthydemid coinage of Bactria: further hoard evidence from Ai-Khanoum". <i>Revue numismatique</i>. <b>6</b> (23): 7–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fnumi.1981.1811">10.3406/numi.1981.1811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+numismatique&rft.atitle=The+Euthydemid+coinage+of+Bactria%3A+further+hoard+evidence+from+Ai-Khanoum&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=7-44&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fnumi.1981.1811&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Frank+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Holt" title="Frank Holt">Holt, Frank L.</a> (1999). <i>Thundering Zeus: The Making of Hellenistic Bactria</i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520211405" title="Special:BookSources/0520211405"><bdi>0520211405</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thundering+Zeus%3A+The+Making+of+Hellenistic+Bactria&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0520211405&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Frank+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKritt2001" class="citation book cs1">Kritt, Brian (2001). <i>Dynastic transitions in the coinage of Bactria: Antiochus-Diodotus-Euthydemus</i>. London: Classical Numismatic Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780963673879" title="Special:BookSources/9780963673879"><bdi>9780963673879</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dynastic+transitions+in+the+coinage+of+Bactria%3A+Antiochus-Diodotus-Euthydemus&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Classical+Numismatic+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780963673879&rft.aulast=Kritt&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKritt2015" class="citation book cs1">Kritt, Brian (2015). <i>New Discoveries in Bactrian Numismatics</i>. Lancaster, PA: Classical Numismatics Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780989825481" title="Special:BookSources/9780989825481"><bdi>9780989825481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Discoveries+in+Bactrian+Numismatics&rft.place=Lancaster%2C+PA&rft.pub=Classical+Numismatics+Group&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780989825481&rft.aulast=Kritt&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLerner1999" class="citation book cs1">Lerner, Jeffrey D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R_b8GTzK4fsC&pg=PA53"><i>The Impact of Seleucid Decline on the Eastern Iranian Plateau: The Foundations of Arsacid Parthia and Graeco-Bactria</i></a>. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-515-07417-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-515-07417-9"><bdi>978-3-515-07417-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Impact+of+Seleucid+Decline+on+the+Eastern+Iranian+Plateau%3A+The+Foundations+of+Arsacid+Parthia+and+Graeco-Bactria&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-515-07417-9&rft.aulast=Lerner&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR_b8GTzK4fsC%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyonnet2021" class="citation book cs1">Lyonnet, Bertille (2021). "Sogdia". In Mairs, Rachel (ed.). <i>The Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek World</i>. Routledge worlds, vol. 15. Abingdon, Oxon & New York: Routledge. pp. 313–327. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315108513">10.4324/9781315108513</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1138090699" title="Special:BookSources/978-1138090699"><bdi>978-1138090699</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226338994">226338994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sogdia&rft.btitle=The+Graeco-Bactrian+and+Indo-Greek+World&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon+%26+New+York&rft.series=Routledge+worlds%2C+vol.+15&rft.pages=313-327&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A226338994%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315108513&rft.isbn=978-1138090699&rft.aulast=Lyonnet&rft.aufirst=Bertille&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/R._R._R._Smith" title="R. R. R. Smith">Smith, R. R. R.</a> (1988). <i>Hellenistic Royal Portraits</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198132240" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198132240"><bdi>978-0198132240</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellenistic+Royal+Portraits&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0198132240&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStančo2021" class="citation book cs1">Stančo, Ladislav (2021). "Southern Uzbekistan". In Mairs, Rachel (ed.). <i>The Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek World</i>. Routledge worlds, vol. 15. Abingdon, Oxon & New York: Routledge. pp. 249–285. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315108513">10.4324/9781315108513</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1138090699" title="Special:BookSources/978-1138090699"><bdi>978-1138090699</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226338994">226338994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Southern+Uzbekistan&rft.btitle=The+Graeco-Bactrian+and+Indo-Greek+World&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxon+%26+New+York&rft.series=Routledge+worlds%2C+vol.+15&rft.pages=249-285&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A226338994%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315108513&rft.isbn=978-1138090699&rft.aulast=Stan%C4%8Do&rft.aufirst=Ladislav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace2016" class="citation journal cs1">Wallace, Shane (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/25638818">"Greek Culture in Afghanistan and India: Old Evidence and New Discoveries"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Greece_%26_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Greece & Rome">Greece & Rome</a></i>. <b>63</b> (2): 205–226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017383516000073">10.1017/S0017383516000073</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163916645">163916645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Greece+%26+Rome&rft.atitle=Greek+Culture+in+Afghanistan+and+India%3A+Old+Evidence+and+New+Discoveries&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=205-226&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0017383516000073&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163916645%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F25638818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemus_I&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coinindia.com/galleries-euthydemos1.html">Coins of Euthydemus</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Euthydemus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Euthydemus">"Euthydemus" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Euthydemus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Diodotus_II" title="Diodotus II">Diodotus II</a> or <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_Nikator" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochus Nikator">Antiochus Nikator</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian Ruler</a> </b><br />230 – c. 200 BCE </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius I</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander III the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Antipatrid_dynasty" title="Antipatrid dynasty">Antipatrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Macedon" title="Philip IV of Macedon">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_V_of_Macedon" title="Alexander V of Macedon">Alexander V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipater_II_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Antipater II of Macedon">Antipater II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipater_Etesias" title="Antipater Etesias">Antipater Etesias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosthenes_of_Macedon" title="Sosthenes of Macedon">Sosthenes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Antigonid_dynasty" title="Antigonid dynasty">Antigonids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus I Monophthalmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius I of Macedon">Demetrius I Poliorcetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Gonatas" title="Antigonus II Gonatas">Antigonus II Gonatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_Aetolicus" title="Demetrius II Aetolicus">Demetrius II Aetolicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_III_Doson" title="Antigonus III Doson">Antigonus III Doson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Macedon" title="Philip V of Macedon">Philip V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_of_Macedon" title="Perseus of Macedon">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriscus" title="Andriscus">Philip VI</a> (pretender)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Keraunos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy Keraunos">Ptolemy Keraunos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a> (regent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra II of Egypt">Cleopatra II Philometor Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Physcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra III of Egypt">Cleopatra III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Lathyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice III of Egypt">Berenice III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Auletes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI" title="Cleopatra VI">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV" title="Berenice IV">Berenice IV Epiphanea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XIV of Egypt">Ptolemy XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Cyrene" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Cyrene">Monarchs of Cyrene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magas_of_Cyrene" title="Magas of Cyrene">Magas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II_of_Egypt" title="Berenice II of Egypt">Berenice II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_the_Fair" title="Demetrius the Fair">Demetrius the Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Physcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Apion" title="Ptolemy Apion">Ptolemy Apion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_II" title="Cleopatra Selene II">Cleopatra Selene II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus I Nicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_I_Soter" title="Antiochus I Soter">Antiochus I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II_Theos" title="Antiochus II Theos">Antiochus II Theos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_II_Callinicus" title="Seleucus II Callinicus">Seleucus II Callinicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_III_Ceraunus" title="Seleucus III Ceraunus">Seleucus III Ceraunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_IV_Philopator" title="Seleucus IV Philopator">Seleucus IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_V_Eupator" title="Antiochus V Eupator">Antiochus V Eupator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_Soter" title="Demetrius I Soter">Demetrius I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Balas" title="Alexander Balas">Alexander I Balas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_Nicator" title="Demetrius II Nicator">Demetrius II Nicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VI_Dionysus" title="Antiochus VI Dionysus">Antiochus VI Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodotus_Tryphon" title="Diodotus Tryphon">Diodotus Tryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VII_Sidetes" title="Antiochus VII Sidetes">Antiochus VII Sidetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_Zabinas" title="Alexander II Zabinas">Alexander II Zabinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Thea" title="Cleopatra Thea">Cleopatra Thea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_V_Philometor" title="Seleucus V Philometor">Seleucus V Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VIII_Grypus" title="Antiochus VIII Grypus">Antiochus VIII Grypus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IX_Cyzicenus" title="Antiochus IX Cyzicenus">Antiochus IX Cyzicenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_VI_Epiphanes" title="Seleucus VI Epiphanes">Seleucus VI Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_X_Eusebes" title="Antiochus X Eusebes">Antiochus X Eusebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_XI_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus XI Epiphanes">Antiochus XI Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_III_Eucaerus" title="Demetrius III Eucaerus">Demetrius III Eucaerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_Philadelphus" title="Philip I Philadelphus">Philip I Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_XII_Dionysus" title="Antiochus XII Dionysus">Antiochus XII Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Selene_of_Syria" title="Cleopatra Selene of Syria">Cleopatra Selene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_XIII_Asiaticus" title="Antiochus XIII Asiaticus">Antiochus XIII Asiaticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_Philoromaeus" title="Philip II Philoromaeus">Philip II Philoromaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Epigonos" title="Ptolemy Epigonos">Ptolemy Epigonos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Attalid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Attalid dynasty">Attalids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philetaerus" title="Philetaerus">Philetaerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumenes_I" title="Eumenes I">Eumenes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalus_I" title="Attalus I">Attalus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumenes_II" title="Eumenes II">Eumenes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalus_II_Philadelphus" title="Attalus II Philadelphus">Attalus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attalus_III" title="Attalus III">Attalus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumenes_III" title="Eumenes III">Eumenes III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diodotus_I" title="Diodotus I">Diodotus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodotus_II" title="Diodotus II">Diodotus II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Euthydemus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthydemus_II" title="Euthydemus II">Euthydemus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimachus_I" title="Antimachus I">Antimachus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantaleon" title="Pantaleon">Pantaleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathocles_of_Bactria" title="Agathocles of Bactria">Agathocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_of_India" title="Demetrius II of India">Demetrius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucratides_I" title="Eucratides I">Eucratides I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato_of_Bactria" title="Plato of Bactria">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucratides_II" title="Eucratides II">Eucratides II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliocles_I" title="Heliocles I">Heliocles I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greeks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimachus_I" title="Antimachus I">Antimachus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantaleon" title="Pantaleon">Pantaleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathocles_of_Bactria" title="Agathocles of Bactria">Agathocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollodotus_I" title="Apollodotus I">Apollodotus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_of_India" title="Demetrius II of India">Demetrius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimachus_II" title="Antimachus II">Antimachus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_I" title="Menander I">Menander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoilos_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoilos I">Zoilos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agathokleia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agathokleia">Agathokleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysias_Anicetus" title="Lysias Anicetus">Lysias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strato_I" title="Strato I">Strato I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antialcidas" title="Antialcidas">Antialcidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliokles_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliokles II">Heliokles II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyxenos_Epiphanes_Soter" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyxenos Epiphanes Soter">Polyxenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_III_Aniketos" title="Demetrius III Aniketos">Demetrius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philoxenus_Anicetus" title="Philoxenus Anicetus">Philoxenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes_Soter" title="Diomedes Soter">Diomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyntas_Nikator" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyntas Nikator">Amyntas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epander" title="Epander">Epander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_(king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophilos (king)">Theophilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peukolaos" class="mw-redirect" title="Peukolaos">Peukolaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thraso" title="Thraso">Thraso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicias_(Indo-Greek_king)" title="Nicias (Indo-Greek king)">Nicias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menander_II" title="Menander II">Menander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemidoros" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemidoros">Artemidoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaeus" title="Hermaeus">Hermaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archebius" title="Archebius">Archebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephos_Euergetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephos Euergetes">Telephos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollodotus_II" title="Apollodotus II">Apollodotus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippostratos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippostratos">Hippostratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Soter" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysios Soter">Dionysios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoilos_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoilos II">Zoilos II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollophanes" title="Apollophanes">Apollophanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strato_II" title="Strato II">Strato II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strato_III" title="Strato III">Strato III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bithynia" title="List of rulers of Bithynia">Monarchs of Bithynia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boteiras_of_Bithynia" title="Boteiras of Bithynia">Boteiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bas_of_Bithynia" title="Bas of Bithynia">Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipoetes_I_of_Bithynia" title="Zipoetes I of Bithynia">Zipoetes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_I_of_Bithynia" title="Nicomedes I of Bithynia">Nicomedes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipoetes_II_of_Bithynia" title="Zipoetes II of Bithynia">Zipoetes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etazeta_of_Bithynia" title="Etazeta of Bithynia">Etazeta</a> (regent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaelas_of_Bithynia" title="Ziaelas of Bithynia">Ziaelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prusias_I_of_Bithynia" title="Prusias I of Bithynia">Prusias I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prusias_II_of_Bithynia" title="Prusias II of Bithynia">Prusias II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_II_of_Bithynia" title="Nicomedes II of Bithynia">Nicomedes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_III_of_Bithynia" title="Nicomedes III of Bithynia">Nicomedes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicomedes_IV_of_Bithynia" title="Nicomedes IV of Bithynia">Nicomedes IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socrates_Chrestus" title="Socrates Chrestus">Socrates Chrestus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kings of Pontus">Monarchs of Pontus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_of_Pontus" title="Mithridates I of Pontus">Mithridates I Ctistes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariobarzanes_of_Pontus" title="Ariobarzanes of Pontus">Ariobarzanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_II_of_Pontus" title="Mithridates II of Pontus">Mithridates II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_III_of_Pontus" title="Mithridates III of Pontus">Mithridates III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharnaces_I_of_Pontus" title="Pharnaces I of Pontus">Pharnaces I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_IV_of_Pontus" title="Mithridates IV of Pontus">Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos</a> with <a href="/wiki/Laodice_(sister-wife_of_Mithridates_IV_of_Pontus)" title="Laodice (sister-wife of Mithridates IV of Pontus)">Laodice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_V_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithridates V of Pontus">Mithridates V Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_VI_Eupator" title="Mithridates VI Eupator">Mithridates VI Eupator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharnaces_II_of_Pontus" title="Pharnaces II of Pontus">Pharnaces II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_of_Pontus" title="Darius of Pontus">Darius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsaces_of_Pontus" title="Arsaces of Pontus">Arsaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemon_I_of_Pontus" title="Polemon I of Pontus">Polemon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythodorida_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pythodorida of Pontus">Pythodorida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemon_II_of_Pontus" title="Polemon II of Pontus">Polemon II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Commagene">Monarchs of Commagene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaeus_of_Commagene" title="Ptolemaeus of Commagene">Ptolemaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sames_II_Theosebes_Dikaios" title="Sames II Theosebes Dikaios">Sames II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_Callinicus" title="Mithridates I Callinicus">Mithridates I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_I_Theos_of_Commagene" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochus I Theos of Commagene">Antiochus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_II_of_Commagene" title="Mithridates II of Commagene">Mithridates II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II_of_Commagene" title="Antiochus II of Commagene">Antiochus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_III_of_Commagene" title="Mithridates III of Commagene">Mithridates III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_of_Commagene" title="Antiochus III of Commagene">Antiochus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_of_Commagene" title="Antiochus IV of Commagene">Antiochus IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Cappadocia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Cappadocia">Monarchs of Cappadocia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_I_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes I of Cappadocia">Ariarathes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_II_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes II of Cappadocia">Ariarathes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariamnes_of_Cappadocia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariamnes of Cappadocia">Ariamnes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_III_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes III of Cappadocia">Ariarathes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_IV_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia">Ariarathes IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_V_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes V of Cappadocia">Ariarathes V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orophernes_of_Cappadocia" title="Orophernes of Cappadocia">Orophernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_VI_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes VI of Cappadocia">Ariarathes VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_VII_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes VII of Cappadocia">Ariarathes VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_VIII_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes VIII of Cappadocia">Ariarathes VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_IX_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes IX of Cappadocia">Ariarathes IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariobarzanes_I_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariobarzanes I of Cappadocia">Ariobarzanes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariobarzanes_II_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariobarzanes II of Cappadocia">Ariobarzanes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariobarzanes_III_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariobarzanes III of Cappadocia">Ariobarzanes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_X_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes X of Cappadocia">Ariarathes X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archelaus_of_Cappadocia" title="Archelaus of Cappadocia">Archelaus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bosporan_Kingdom" title="Bosporan Kingdom">Monarchs of the<br />Cimmerian Bosporus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paerisades_I" title="Paerisades I">Paerisades I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyros_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyros II">Satyros II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prytanis_of_Bosporus" title="Prytanis of Bosporus">Prytanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumelos_of_Bosporus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eumelos of Bosporus">Eumelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartokos_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartokos III">Spartokos III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygiainon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hygiainon">Hygiainon</a> (regent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paerisades_II" title="Paerisades II">Paerisades II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartokos_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartokos IV">Spartokos IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukon_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Leukon II">Leukon II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spartokos_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spartokos V (page does not exist)">Spartokos V</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_V" class="extiw" title="ru:Спарток V">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamasarye_Philoteknos" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamasarye Philoteknos">Kamasarye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paerisades_III" title="Paerisades III">Paerisades III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paerisades_IV_Philometor" title="Paerisades IV Philometor">Paerisades IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paerisades_V" title="Paerisades V">Paerisades V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_VI_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithridates VI of Pontus">Mithridates I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharnaces_II_of_Pontus" title="Pharnaces II of Pontus">Pharnaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asander_(Bosporan_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asander (Bosporan king)">Asander</a> with <a href="/wiki/Dynamis_(Bosporan_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamis (Bosporan queen)">Dynamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_of_the_Bosporus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithridates I of the Bosporus">Mithridates II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asander_(Bosporan_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asander (Bosporan king)">Asander</a> with <a href="/wiki/Dynamis_(Bosporan_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamis (Bosporan queen)">Dynamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribonius_(Bosporan_usurper)" title="Scribonius (Bosporan usurper)">Scribonius</a>'s attempted rule with <a href="/wiki/Dynamis_(Bosporan_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamis (Bosporan queen)">Dynamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamis_(Bosporan_queen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamis (Bosporan queen)">Dynamis</a> with <a href="/wiki/Polemon_I_of_Pontus" title="Polemon I of Pontus">Polemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemon_I_of_Pontus" title="Polemon I of Pontus">Polemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Aspurgus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberius Julius Aspurgus">Aspurgus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepaepyris" title="Gepaepyris">Gepaepyris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Mithridates" title="Tiberius Julius Mithridates">Mithridates III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Cotys_I" title="Tiberius Julius Cotys I">Cotys I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_kings_of_Epirus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the kings of Epirus">Monarchs of Epirus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admetus_of_Epirus" title="Admetus of Epirus">Admetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharrhypas" title="Tharrhypas">Tharrhypas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcetas_I_of_Epirus" title="Alcetas I of Epirus">Alcetas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus_I_of_Epirus" title="Neoptolemus I of Epirus">Neoptolemus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arybbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Arybbas">Arybbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Epirus" title="Alexander I of Epirus">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeacides_of_Epirus" title="Aeacides of Epirus">Aeacides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus_II_of_Epirus" title="Neoptolemus II of Epirus">Neoptolemus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcetas_II_of_Epirus" title="Alcetas II of Epirus">Alcetas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus of Epirus">Pyrrhus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Epirus" title="Alexander II of Epirus">Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympias_II_of_Epirus" title="Olympias II of Epirus">Olympias II</a> (regent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_II_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus II of Epirus">Pyrrhus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_of_Epirus" title="Ptolemy of Epirus">Ptolemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_III_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus III of Epirus">Pyrrhus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deidamia_II_of_Epirus" title="Deidamia II of Epirus">Deidamia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Hellenistic rulers were preceded by <a href="/wiki/Template:Hellenistic_satraps" title="Template:Hellenistic satraps">Hellenistic satraps</a> in most of their territories.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Greco-Bactrian_and_Indo-Greek_kings,_territories_and_chronology" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indo-Greek_kings" title="Template:Indo-Greek kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indo-Greek_kings" title="Template talk:Indo-Greek kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indo-Greek_kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indo-Greek kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Greco-Bactrian_and_Indo-Greek_kings,_territories_and_chronology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Bactrian">Greco-Bactrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greek">Indo-Greek</a> kings, territories and chronology</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Based on <a href="/wiki/Bopearachchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bopearachchi">Bopearachchi</a> (1991)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="wikitable wraplinks" style="width:100%; margin:2px 0 0 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf; font-size: 100%;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf; font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Bactrian">Greco-Bactrian</a> kings </td> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center; background:#ccf; font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Greek">Indo-Greek</a> kings </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#cdcdcd"> <th>Territories/<br />dates</th> <th>West <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a></th> <th>East <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Paropamisade" class="mw-redirect" title="Paropamisade">Paropamisade</a><br /></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Arachosia" title="Arachosia">Arachosia</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Western Punjab</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Eastern Punjab</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>t 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>326-325 BCE </td> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_campaign_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Indian campaign of Alexander the Great">Campaigns of Alexander the Great in India</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanda Empire">Nanda Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>312 BCE </td> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;">Creation of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Creation of the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>305 BCE </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a> after <a href="/wiki/Seleucid%E2%80%93Mauryan_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid–Mauryan war">Mauryan war</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>280 BCE </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Foundation of <a href="/wiki/Ai-Khanoum" title="Ai-Khanoum">Ai-Khanoum</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>255–239 BCE </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddcdcd;">Independence of the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Bactrian kingdom">Greco-Bactrian kingdom</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diodotus_I" title="Diodotus I">Diodotus I</a> </td> <td colspan="6" align="center">Emperor <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> (268-232 BCE) </td></tr> <tr> <td>239–223 BCE </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Diodotus_II" title="Diodotus II">Diodotus II</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>230–200 BCE </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddcdcd;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Euthydemus I</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>200–190 BCE </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria" title="Demetrius I of Bactria">Demetrius I</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sunga_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunga Empire">Sunga Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>190-185 BCE </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Euthydemus_II" title="Euthydemus II">Euthydemus II</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>190–180 BCE </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Agathocles_of_Bactria" title="Agathocles of Bactria">Agathocles</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Pantaleon" title="Pantaleon">Pantaleon</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>185–170 BCE </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Antimachus_I" title="Antimachus I">Antimachus I</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>180–160 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Apollodotus_I" title="Apollodotus I">Apollodotus I</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>175–170 BCE </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_of_India" title="Demetrius II of India">Demetrius II</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>160–155 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Antimachus_II" title="Antimachus II">Antimachus II</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>170–145 BCE </td> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Eucratides_I" title="Eucratides I">Eucratides I</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>155–130 BCE </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;"><i><a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a> occupation,<br />loss of <a href="/wiki/Ai-Khanoum" title="Ai-Khanoum">Ai-Khanoum</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Eucratides_II" title="Eucratides II">Eucratides II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Plato_of_Bactria" title="Plato of Bactria">Plato</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Heliocles_I" title="Heliocles I">Heliocles I</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Menander_I" title="Menander I">Menander I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>130–120 BCE </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i><a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a> occupation</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Zoilus_I" title="Zoilus I">Zoilus I</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Agathoclea_(Indo-Greek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agathoclea (Indo-Greek)">Agathoclea</a> </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"> </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="9" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Yavanarajya_inscription" title="Yavanarajya inscription">Yavanarajya<br />inscription</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>120–110 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Lysias_Anicetus" title="Lysias Anicetus">Lysias</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Strato_I" title="Strato I">Strato I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>110–100 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Antialcidas" title="Antialcidas">Antialcidas</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Heliocles_II" title="Heliocles II">Heliocles II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Polyxenus_Epiphanes_Soter" title="Polyxenus Epiphanes Soter">Polyxenus</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_III_Aniketos" title="Demetrius III Aniketos">Demetrius III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>100–95 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Philoxenus_Anicetus" title="Philoxenus Anicetus">Philoxenus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>95–90 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Diomedes_Soter" title="Diomedes Soter">Diomedes</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Amyntas_Nikator" class="mw-redirect" title="Amyntas Nikator">Amyntas</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Epander" title="Epander">Epander</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_(king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophilos (king)">Theophilus</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Peucolaus" title="Peucolaus">Peucolaus</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Thraso" title="Thraso">Thraso</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90–85 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Nicias_(Indo-Greek_king)" title="Nicias (Indo-Greek king)">Nicias</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Menander_II" title="Menander II">Menander II</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Artemidoros_Aniketos" title="Artemidoros Aniketos">Artemidorus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90–70 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Hermaeus" title="Hermaeus">Hermaeus</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Archebius" title="Archebius">Archebius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><i><a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">Yuezhi</a> occupation</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#adcdcd;"><i><a href="/wiki/Maues" title="Maues">Maues</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Scythian">Indo-Scythian</a>)</i> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>75–70 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#adcdcd;"><i><a href="/wiki/Vonones_of_Indo-Scythia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vonones of Indo-Scythia">Vonones</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Telephos_Euergetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephos Euergetes">Telephus</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Apollodotus_II" title="Apollodotus II">Apollodotus II</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>65–55 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#adcdcd;"><i><a href="/wiki/Spalirises" class="mw-redirect" title="Spalirises">Spalirises</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Hippostratus" title="Hippostratus">Hippostratus</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Soter" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionysios Soter">Dionysius</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>55–35 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#adcdcd;"><i><a href="/wiki/Azes_I" title="Azes I">Azes I</a> (Indo-Scythians)</i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Zoilus_II" title="Zoilus II">Zoilus II</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>55–35 BCE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#adcdcd;"><i><a href="/wiki/Vijayamitra" title="Vijayamitra">Vijayamitra</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Azilises" title="Azilises">Azilises</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Apollophanes" title="Apollophanes">Apollophanes</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 BCE – 10 CE </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#fc9;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gondophares" title="Gondophares">Gondophares</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#adcdcd;"><i><a href="/wiki/Zeionises" title="Zeionises">Zeionises</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#adcdcd;"><i><a href="/wiki/Kharahostes" title="Kharahostes">Kharahostes</a></i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cdcdcd;"><a href="/wiki/Strato_II" title="Strato II">Strato II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Strato_III" title="Strato III">Strato III</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color:#fc9;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gondophares" title="Gondophares">Gondophares</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian">Indo-Parthian</a>)</i> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#adcdcd;"><i><a href="/wiki/Rajuvula" title="Rajuvula">Rajuvula</a> (Indo-Scythian)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#fcc;"><i><a href="/wiki/Kujula_Kadphises" title="Kujula Kadphises">Kujula Kadphises</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan Empire</a>)</i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#adcdcd;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bhadayasa" title="Bhadayasa">Bhadayasa</a><br />(Indo-Scythian)</i> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;background-color:#adcdcd;"><i><a href="/wiki/Sodasa" title="Sodasa">Sodasa</a><br />(Indo-Scythian)</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O. Bopearachchi, "Monnaies gréco-bactriennes et indo-grecques, Catalogue raisonné", Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, 1991, p.453</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuintanilla2019" class="citation web cs1">Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X7Cb8IkZVSMC&pg=PA9">"History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE"</a>. BRILL – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Early+Stone+Sculpture+at+Mathura%3A+Ca.+150+BCE+-+100+CE&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2019-04-02&rft.aulast=Quintanilla&rft.aufirst=Sonya+Rhie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX7Cb8IkZVSMC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEuthydemus+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362604#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362604#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362604#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/5739386">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119358093">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119358093">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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