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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ویلهلم اشتوکارت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلهلم اشتوکارت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%EC%8A%88%ED%88%AC%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="빌헬름 슈투카르트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="빌헬름 슈투카르트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98" title="וילהלם שטוקרט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וילהלם שטוקרט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Stuckart" title="Gulielmus Stuckart – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ويلهيلم ستوكارت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويلهيلم ستوكارت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="ヴィルヘルム・シュトゥッカート – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィルヘルム・シュトゥッカート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Штуккарт, Вильгельм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Штуккарт, Вильгельм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Stuckart" title="Wilhelm Stuckart – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wilhelm Stuckart" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вільгельм Штуккарт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільгельм Штуккарт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58009#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Wilhelm Stuckart</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilhelm_Stuckart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Wilhelm_Stuckart.jpg/220px-Wilhelm_Stuckart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Wilhelm_Stuckart.jpg/330px-Wilhelm_Stuckart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Wilhelm_Stuckart.jpg/440px-Wilhelm_Stuckart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2118" data-file-height="2775" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Stuckart in Allied custody <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1947</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Interior (Germany)"><i>Reichsminister</i> of the Interior</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 May 1945 – 23 May 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Chancellor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lutz_Graf_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk">Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk</a> (Leading Minister)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giesler" title="Paul Giesler">Paul Giesler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position abolished</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/State_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary">State Secretary</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)#History" title="Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">Reich Ministry of the Interior</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 April 1938 – 23 May 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Minister</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Unknown</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Position abolished</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1902-11-16</span>)</span>16 November 1902<br /><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 November 1953<span style="display:none">(1953-11-15)</span> (aged 50)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Automobile_accident" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile accident">Automobile accident</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Munich" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Munich">University of Munich</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Frankfurt am Main">University of Frankfurt am Main</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawyer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wannsee_Conference" title="Wannsee Conference">Wannsee Conference</a> participant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Party_Badge" title="Golden Party Badge">Golden Party Badge</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Wilhelm Stuckart</b> (16 November 1902 – 15 November 1953) was a German <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> lawyer, official, and a <a href="/wiki/State_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary">State Secretary</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany)#History" title="Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany)">Reich Interior Ministry</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi era">Nazi era</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a co-author of the notorious <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a> and a participant in the January 1942 <a href="/wiki/Wannsee_Conference" title="Wannsee Conference">Wannsee Conference</a>, at which the genocidal <a href="/wiki/Final_Solution_to_the_Jewish_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Solution to the Jewish Question">Final Solution to the Jewish Question</a> was planned. He also served as <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsminister" title="Reichsminister">Reichsminister</a></i> of the Interior in the short-lived <a href="/wiki/Flensburg_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Flensburg government">Flensburg government</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stuckart was born in <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>, the son of a railway employee.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer171_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer171-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a Christian upbringing. Stuckart was active in the far right early on and joined the <a href="/wiki/Freikorps" title="Freikorps">Freikorps</a> <a href="/wiki/Franz_Ritter_von_Epp" title="Franz Ritter von Epp">von Epp</a> in 1919 to resist the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Ruhr" title="Occupation of the Ruhr">French occupation of the Ruhr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer171_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer171-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1922, he started studying law and political economy at the universities of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Munich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Frankfurt am Main</a>, and joined the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> (NSDAP) in December that year; he remained a member until the party was banned after the failed <a href="/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch" title="Beer Hall Putsch">putsch of 1923</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer171_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer171-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To support his parents, Stuckart temporarily abandoned his studies to work at the Nassau Regional Bank in Frankfurt in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer171_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer171-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He finished his studies in 1928, receiving a doctorate with a thesis entitled <i>Erklärung an die Öffentlichkeit, insbesondere die Anmeldung zum Handelsregister</i> ("Declarations to the Public, Especially Concerning the Enrollment to the <a href="/wiki/German_Trade_Register" class="mw-redirect" title="German Trade Register">Trade Register</a>"); he passed the <a href="/wiki/Bar_examination" title="Bar examination">bar examination</a> in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1930, Stuckart served as a district court judge.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He renewed his association with the NSDAP and provided party comrades with legal counseling during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not rejoin the party immediately, as judges were prohibited from being politically active.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To circumvent this restriction, Stuckart's mother joined the party for him as member number 378,144.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1932 to 1933, he worked as a lawyer and legal secretary for the <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a> in Stettin (today, <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stuckart's quick rise in the German state administration was unusual for a person of modest background and would have been impossible without his long dedication to the Nazi cause.<sup id="cite_ref-noakes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noakes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 April 1933 he became the Mayor and State Commissioner in Stettin and was also elected to the <a href="/wiki/State_parliaments_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="State parliaments of Germany">state parliament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_State_Council" title="Prussian State Council">Prussian State Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 May 1933, Stuckart was appointed Ministerial Director of the Prussian Ministry of Science, Art and Culture, and on 30 June 1933, he was made a <a href="/wiki/State_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="State Secretary">State Secretary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1934, Stuckart was intimately involved in the dubious acquisition of the <a href="/wiki/Guelph_Treasure" title="Guelph Treasure">Guelph Treasure</a> of Brunswick (the "<a href="/wiki/Welfenschatz" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfenschatz">Welfenschatz</a>") – a unique collection of early medieval religious precious metalwork, at that time in the hands of several German-Jewish art dealers from <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, and one of the most important church treasuries to have survived from medieval Germany – by the Prussian State under its Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 July 1934, Stuckart became the State Secretary and head of the Central Office in the recently established <a href="/wiki/Reich_Ministry_of_Science,_Education_and_Culture" title="Reich Ministry of Science, Education and Culture">Reich Ministry of Science, Education and Culture</a> under <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Rust" title="Bernhard Rust">Bernhard Rust</a>. However, after disagreements with his superior, he was placed on leave for disobedience in September and was involuntarily retired on 14 November 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He moved to <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>, where he worked from February to March 1935 as the president of the superior district court.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 March 1935, Stuckart began serving in the Reich Ministry of Interior, Division I: Constitution and Legislation, with the responsibility for <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_law" title="Constitutional law">constitutional law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citizenship_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship law">citizenship</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racial_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Racial laws">racial laws</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Promoted to Ministerial Director on 1 April 1935, he was on 13 September 1935 given the task of co-writing, together with <a href="/wiki/Hans_Pfundtner" title="Hans Pfundtner">Hans Pfundtner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_L%C3%B6sener" title="Bernhard Lösener">Bernhard Lösener</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Albrecht_Medicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Albrecht Medicus (page does not exist)">Franz Albrecht Medicus</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Albrecht_Medicus" class="extiw" title="de:Franz Albrecht Medicus">de</a>]</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic">antisemitic</a> <i>Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour</i> and <i>The Reich Citizenship Law</i>, together better known as the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a>, which the Nazi-controlled <i><a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Reichstag (Nazi Germany)">Reichstag</a></i> passed on 15 September 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1936, Stuckart became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_for_German_Law" title="Academy for German Law">Academy for German Law</a> and chairman of its committee on administrative law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017276_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017276-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Part of Stuckart's duties in the Interior Ministry involved providing a legal framework justifying the Nazi expansionist policy under constitutional and international law. On 16 March 1938, Hitler charged him with the management of the office carrying out the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">unification</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> with the Reich, and he drafted the implementing decree. He was formally promoted to State Secretary in the Interior Ministry on 1 April 1938. In October, he was similarly charged with administering the transfer of the <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> and, in March 1939, drafted the decree on the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017276_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017276-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 August 1939, Stuckart signed a confidential decree regarding the "Reporting Obligations of Deformed Newborns," which became the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Child_euthanasia_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Child euthanasia in Nazi Germany">Nazi regime's euthanasia of children</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, Stuckart's own one-year-old son, Gunther, who was born with <a href="/wiki/Down_syndrome" title="Down syndrome">Down syndrome</a>, became a victim of this programme.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stuckart was a member of the SA from 1932 and applied for membership in the SS in December 1933. On the recommendation of <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, Stuckart finally transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> on 13 September 1936 (member number 280,042) with the rank of SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Standartenf%C3%BChrer" title="Standartenführer">Standartenführer</a></i>. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Party_Badge" title="Golden Party Badge">Golden Party Badge</a> on 30 January 1939 and was promoted to the rank of SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a></i> on 30 January 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017276_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017276-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_legal_theorist">As a legal theorist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As a legal theorist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A prolific writer, Stuckart came to be seen as one of the leading Nazi legal experts, focusing especially on racial laws and <a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">public administration</a>. In 1936 Stuckart, as the chairman of the <i>Reich Committee for the Protection of German Blood</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together with <a href="/wiki/Hans_Globke" title="Hans Globke">Hans Globke</a> co-authored the government's official <i>Commentary on German Racial Legislation</i> in elaboration of the Reich Citizenship and Blood Protection Laws.<sup id="cite_ref-berg_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berg-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commentary explains that the laws were based on the concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Volksgemeinschaft" title="Volksgemeinschaft">Volksgemeinschaft</a></i> ("People's community") to which every German was bound by common blood.<sup id="cite_ref-berg_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berg-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individuals were not members of society (a concept viewed by the Nazi legal theorists as a <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> one) but born members of the German <i>Volk</i>, through which they acquire rights.<sup id="cite_ref-berg_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berg-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interests of the <i>Volk</i> were to always override those of the individual.<sup id="cite_ref-berg_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berg-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People born outside of the <i>Volk</i> were seen to possess no rights and represent a danger to the purity of the people's community.<sup id="cite_ref-berg_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berg-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, <a href="/wiki/Anti-miscegenation" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-miscegenation">anti-miscegenation</a> legislation was justified, even necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-berg_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berg-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stuckart stated that these laws represented "a preliminary solution of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_question" title="Jewish question">Jewish question</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1939, Stuckart was tasked with investigating the comprehensive rationalization of the state administrative structure by <a href="/wiki/Decentralisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralisation">decentralisation</a> and simplification.<sup id="cite_ref-noakes_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noakes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The streamlining was to especially concern the field administration, which was to undergo extensive unification, preferably leading to a model of a small Interior Ministry supervising a single system of field agencies fielding broad local powers.<sup id="cite_ref-noakes_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noakes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stuckart proposed that the state and party should effectively be combined in an overarching concept of the <i><a href="/wiki/Reich" title="Reich">Reich</a></i>, and should co-operate at the highest levels of power, so that ground-level friction between the institutions could be solved by referencing upwards.<sup id="cite_ref-noakes45_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noakes45-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stuckart and his disciples distinguished <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Herrschaft</i></span> (administrative mastery) from an idealised <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Führung</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leadership</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The transformation of the state administration from a technical apparatus for the application of norms to a means of political leadership was the central idea in Stuckart's model: the ideal Nazi civil servant was not to be a passive lawyer of the obsolete <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">"liberal constitutional state"</a>, but a "pioneer of culture, coloniser and political and economic creator".<sup id="cite_ref-noakes45_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noakes45-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administrative structure of the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau" title="Reichsgau">Reichsgaue</a></i>, where the party and state authorities were combined and the <i><a href="/wiki/Gauleiter" title="Gauleiter">Gauleiter</a></i> fielded almost dictatorial powers over his domain, reflected Stuckart's theorization.<sup id="cite_ref-noakes_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noakes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Generalplan_West""><span id=".22Generalplan_West.22"></span>"<i>Generalplan West</i>"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: "Generalplan West""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg/220px-France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg/330px-France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg/440px-France_map_Lambert-93_with_regions_and_departments-occupation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="1894" /></a><figcaption>German occupation of France during World War II.</figcaption></figure> <p>A memorandum written on 14 June 1940 by Stuckart or someone in his vicinity in the Interior Ministry discusses the annexation of certain areas in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">Eastern France</a> to the German Reich.<sup id="cite_ref-schottler_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schottler-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The document presents a plan to weaken France by reducing the country to its late <a href="/wiki/Mediaeval" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediaeval">mediaeval</a> borders with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and replacing the <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French populace</a> of the annexed territories by German settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-schottler_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schottler-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This memorandum formed the basis for the so-called "north-east line" (also called the "black line" and the "Führer line"<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) drawn in the <a href="/wiki/Zone_occup%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Zone occupée">occupied French</a> territories after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Armistice_at_Compi%C3%A8gne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Armistice at Compiègne">Second Armistice at Compiègne</a>, which stretched from the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Somme_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Somme river">River Somme</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura Mountains</a> (see map).<sup id="cite_ref-schottler_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schottler-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the <a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">historical motivation</a> for the area's <a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a>, cities and regions were to revert to their traditional German names. <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>, for instance, would be known thereafter as <i>Nanzig</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> as <i>Bisanz</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sch%C3%B6ttler" title="Peter Schöttler">Peter Schöttler</a> refers to this plan as a western equivalent of the <i><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-schottler_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schottler-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wannsee_Conference">Wannsee Conference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wannsee Conference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stuckart represented Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wannsee_Conference" title="Wannsee Conference">Wannsee Conference</a> of 20 January 1942 chaired by SS-<i>Obergruppenführer</i> <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>, which discussed the imposition of the "<a href="/wiki/Final_Solution" title="Final Solution">Final Solution</a> of the Jewish Question in the German Sphere of Influence in Europe".<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer172_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the minutes of the conference, Stuckart supported forced <a href="/wiki/Sterilization_(medicine)" title="Sterilization (medicine)">sterilization</a> for persons of "<a href="/wiki/Mischling" title="Mischling">mixed blood</a>" instead of extermination.<sup id="cite_ref-gruner86_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gruner86-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Heydrich called a follow-up conference on 6 March 1942, which further discussed the problems of "mixed blood" individuals and <a href="/wiki/Anti-miscegenation_laws#Nazi_Germany" title="Anti-miscegenation laws">mixed marriage</a> couples.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer82_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer82-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this meeting, Stuckart argued that only first-degree <i>Mischlinge</i> (persons with two <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> grandparents) should be sterilized by force, after which they should be allowed to remain in Germany and undergo a "natural extinction".<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer82_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer82-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gruner87_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gruner87-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had stated: </p> <blockquote><p>I have always maintained that it is extraordinarily dangerous to send German blood to the opposing side. Our adversaries will put the desirable characteristics of this blood to good use. Once the half Jews are outside of Germany, their high intelligence and education level, combined with their German heredity, will render these individuals born leaders and terrible enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer82_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer82-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Stuckart was also concerned about causing distress to German spouses and children of "interracial" couples.<sup id="cite_ref-gruner87_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gruner87-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_World_War_II">After World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: After World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilhelm_Stuckart_at_the_Ministries_Trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Wilhelm_Stuckart_at_the_Ministries_Trial.jpg/220px-Wilhelm_Stuckart_at_the_Ministries_Trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Wilhelm_Stuckart_at_the_Ministries_Trial.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>Stuckart at the Ministries Trial, 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>Stuckart served briefly as <a href="/wiki/Federal_Minister_of_the_Interior_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Minister of the Interior (Germany)">Interior Minister</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Flensburg_Government" title="Flensburg Government">Flensburg Government</a> in May 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When that government was dissolved by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>, Stuckart was arrested on 23 May, interned in <a href="/wiki/Camp_Ashcan" title="Camp Ashcan">Camp Ashcan</a> and called as an expert witness at the <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg trial">Nuremberg trial</a> of Wilhelm Frick.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He himself was tried by the Nuremberg Military Tribunal in the <a href="/wiki/Ministries_Trial" title="Ministries Trial">Ministries Trial</a> in 1948 for his role in formulating and carrying out anti-Jewish laws.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer173_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer173-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court characterized him as an ardent Jew-hater who was able to pursue his anti-Semitic campaign from the safety of his ministerial office.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer173_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer173-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former co-worker <a href="/wiki/Bernhard_L%C3%B6sener" title="Bernhard Lösener">Bernhard Lösener</a> from Interior Ministry testified that Stuckart had been aware of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">murder of the Jews</a> even before the Wannsee Conference.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer173_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer173-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stuckart's defense argued that his support for the forced sterilization of <i>Mischlinge</i> was to prevent or delay even more drastic measures.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer173_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer173-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court was unable to resolve the question and sentenced him to <a href="/wiki/Time_served" title="Time served">time served</a> in April 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer173_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer173-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After being released from captivity, Stuckart went to work as city treasurer in <a href="/wiki/Helmstedt" title="Helmstedt">Helmstedt</a> and then as the manager of the Institute for the Promotion of Economy in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer173_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer173-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also worked for the regional committee of the right-wing <a href="/wiki/All-German_Bloc/League_of_Expellees_and_Deprived_of_Rights" title="All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights">All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951, he was tried in a <a href="/wiki/De-Nazification" class="mw-redirect" title="De-Nazification">de-Nazification</a> court, classified as a "<a href="/wiki/Mitl%C3%A4ufer" title="Mitläufer">fellow traveller</a>" (<i>Mitläufer</i>) and fined five hundred <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">Deutsche Mark</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer173_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer173-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stuckart was killed on 15 November 1953 near <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, in a car accident a day before his 51st birthday. There has been widespread speculation that the "accident" was, in reality, a staged collision targeting Stuckart as a former Nazi involved in Nazi racial and anti-Jewish policies and activities. However, nothing has ever been openly admitted by <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> or other groups known to have been involved in other attacks on former Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-lehrer173_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lehrer173-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personality">Personality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stuckart held firm opinions concerning racial legislation and administrative organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-noakes_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noakes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Ministries Trial, his personal assistant <a href="/wiki/Hans_Globke" title="Hans Globke">Hans Globke</a> described him as a "convinced Nazi" whose political faith weakened as time went on.<sup id="cite_ref-noakes_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noakes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From May 1940 onward, Stuckart made several requests to be released from his job to military service in the <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i>, but these were turned down personally by Hitler.<sup id="cite_ref-noakes_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noakes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Writings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Geschichte im Geschichtsunterricht</i>, Frankfurt am Main 1934 ("A History of History Teaching")</li> <li><i>Nationalsozialistische Rechtserziehung</i>, Frankfurt am Main 1935 ("National Socialist Legal Studies")</li> <li><i>Reichsbürgergesetz vom 15. September 1935. Gesetz zum Schutze des deutschen Blutes und der deutschen Ehre vom 15. September 1935. Gesetz zum Schutze der Erbgesundheit des deutschen Volkes (Ehegesundheitsgesetz) vom 18. Oktober 1935. Nebst allen Ausführungsvorschriften und den einschlägigen Gesetzen und Verordnungen</i>, with Hans Globke, Berlin 1936</li> <li><i>Neues Staatsrecht</i>, with Wilhelm Albrecht, Leipzig 1936 ("New State Law")</li> <li><i>Nationalsozialismus und Staatsrecht</i>, Berlin 1937 ("National Socialism and Constitutional Law")</li> <li><i>Verwaltungsrecht</i>, with Walter Scheerbarth, Leipzig 1937 ("Administrative Law")</li> <li><i>Partei und Staat</i>, Vienna 1938 ("The Party and the State")</li> <li><i>Rassen- und Erbpflege in der Gesetzgebung des Dritten Reiches</i>, with Rolf Schiedemair, Leipzig 1938 ("Racial and <a href="/wiki/Nazi_eugenics" title="Nazi eugenics">Hereditary Care</a> in the Legislation of the Third Reich")</li> <li><i>Die Reichsverteidigung (Wehrrecht)</i>, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_von_Rosen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry von Rosen (page does not exist)">Harry von Rosen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_von_Rosen-von_Hoewel" class="extiw" title="de:Harry von Rosen-von Hoewel">de</a>]</span>, Leipzig 1940 ("Reich Defense (Military Law)")</li> <li><i>Führung und Verwaltung im Kriege</i>, Berlin 1941 ("Leadership and Administration During Wartime")</li> <li><i>Europa den Europäern</i>, 1941 ("Europe For Europeans")</li> <li><i>Neues Gemeinderecht. Mit einer Darstellung der Gemeindeverbände</i>, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_von_Rosen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry von Rosen (page does not exist)">Harry von Rosen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_von_Rosen-von_Hoewel" class="extiw" title="de:Harry von Rosen-von Hoewel">de</a>]</span>, Leipzig 1942 ("New Municipal Law")</li> <li><i>Verfassung, Verwaltung und europäische Neuordnung</i>, Bukarest 1942 ("Constitution, Administration and the <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Nazism)" title="New Order (Nazism)">New European Order</a>")</li> <li><i>Verfassungs-, Verwaltungs- und Wirtschaftsgesetze Norwegens. Sammlung der wichtigsten Gesetze, Verordnungen und Erlasse</i>, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_H%C3%B6hn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhard Höhn (page does not exist)">Reinhard Höhn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_H%C3%B6hn" class="extiw" title="de:Reinhard Höhn">de</a>]</span> and Herbert Schneider, Darmstadt 1942 ("Constitutional, Administrative and Economic Laws of Norway. Collection of the Most Important Laws, Regulations and Decrees")</li> <li><i>Der Staatsaufbau des Deutschen Reichs in systematischer Darstellung</i>, with Harry von Rosen and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rolf_Schiedermair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rolf Schiedermair (page does not exist)">Rolf Schiedermair</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf_Schiedermair" class="extiw" title="de:Rolf Schiedermair">de</a>]</span>, Leipzig 1943 ("The State Structure of the German Reich: A Systematic Presentation")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatherland_(novel)" title="Fatherland (novel)"><i>Fatherland</i></a> – a 1992 alternate history novel dealing in large part with the Wannsee Conference</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wannsee_Conference_(film)" title="The Wannsee Conference (film)"><i>Die Wannseekonferenz</i></a> – a 1984 German TV film</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(2001_film)" title="Conspiracy (2001 film)"><i>Conspiracy</i></a> – a 2001 English language film</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Wannseekonferenz_(2022_film)" title="Die Wannseekonferenz (2022 film)"><i>Die Wannseekonferenz</i></a> – a 2022 German-language TV docudrama</li></ul> <p>Wilhelm Stuckart is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Fitz" title="Peter Fitz">Peter Fitz</a> in the 1984 German film, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a> in the 2001 film and <a href="/wiki/Godehard_Giese" title="Godehard Giese">Godehard Giese</a> in the 2022 film. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Rise and Fall of the Third Reich">Rise and Fall of the Third Reich</a></i> p.426, "Dr Wilhelm Stuckart, an undersecretary in the Ministry of the Interior" (this is at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lehrer171-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer171_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer171_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer171_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer171_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLehrer2000" class="citation book cs1">Lehrer, Steven (2000). <i>Wannsee house and the Holocaust</i>. McFarland. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-0792-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-0792-1"><bdi>0-7864-0792-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wannsee+house+and+the+Holocaust&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7864-0792-1&rft.aulast=Lehrer&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Stuckart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lehrer172-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer172_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lehrer (2002), p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noakes-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noakes_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noakes_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noakes_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noakes_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noakes_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noakes_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noakes_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoakes1980" class="citation book cs1">Noakes, Jeremy (1980). <i>Government, party, and people in Nazi Germany</i>. University of Exeter Press. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85989-112-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85989-112-7"><bdi>0-85989-112-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government%2C+party%2C+and+people+in+Nazi+Germany&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=University+of+Exeter+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-85989-112-7&rft.aulast=Noakes&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Stuckart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Stiftung_Preu%C3%9Fischer_Kulturbesitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz">Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz</a>, Jahrbuch Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Vol. 23, Berlin 1987, p. 422.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2017" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Max (2017). <i>SS Elite: The Senior Leaders of Hitler's Praetorian Guard</i>. Vol. 3. Fonthill Media LLC. p. 276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78155-638-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78155-638-2"><bdi>978-1-78155-638-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SS+Elite%3A+The+Senior+Leaders+of+Hitler%27s+Praetorian+Guard&rft.pages=276&rft.pub=Fonthill+Media+LLC&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78155-638-2&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Stuckart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershaw2008" class="citation book cs1">Kershaw, Ian (2008). <i>Hitler: A Biography</i>. W.W. Norton & Co. pp. 344–345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33761-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33761-7"><bdi>978-0-393-33761-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=344-345&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Co.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-393-33761-7&rft.aulast=Kershaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Stuckart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017276-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017276_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017276_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2017276_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2017">Williams 2017</a>, p. 276.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jasch, Hans-Christian. "Civil Service Lawyers and the Holocaust: The Case of Wilhelm Stuckart." <i>The Law in Nazi Germany: Ideology, Opportunism and the Perversion of Justice</i>. Ed. Alan Steinweis, Robert Rachlin. New York: Berghahn, 2013. 37–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jasch (2013), p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berg-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-berg_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berg_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berg_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berg_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berg_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-berg_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergGeyer2002" class="citation book cs1">Berg, Manfred; Geyer, Martin H. (2002). <i>Two cultures of rights: the quest for inclusion and participation in modern America and Germany</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-79266-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-79266-5"><bdi>0-521-79266-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+cultures+of+rights%3A+the+quest+for+inclusion+and+participation+in+modern+America+and+Germany&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-79266-5&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft.au=Geyer%2C+Martin+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Stuckart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noakes45-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-noakes45_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-noakes45_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Noakes (1980), p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Carl Hermann Ule, "Herrschaft und Führung im nationalsozialistischen Reich", in : <i>Verwaltungsarchiv</i> 45 (1940), pages 193–260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schottler-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schottler_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schottler_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schottler_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-schottler_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchöttler2003" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schöttler, Peter (2003). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Eine Art "Generalplan West": Die Stuckart-Denkschrift vom 14. Juni 1940 und die Planungen für eine neue deutsch-französische Grenze im Zweiten Weltkrieg". <i>Sozial.Geschichte</i> (in German). <b>18</b> (3): 83–131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sozial.Geschichte&rft.atitle=%27Eine+Art+%22Generalplan+West%22%3A+Die+Stuckart-Denkschrift+vom+14.+Juni+1940+und+die+Planungen+f%C3%BCr+eine+neue+deutsch-franz%C3%B6sische+Grenze+im+Zweiten+Weltkrieg.&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=83-131&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6ttler&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Stuckart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K1vRAAAAMAAJ&q=F%C3%BChrerlinie">Jäckel, E. (1966). <i>Frankreich in Hitlers</i>, Deutsche Vlg. p. 89</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qnnlUEDZZIAC&pg=PA689">Fest, Joachim C.: <i>Hitler</i>, pp 688–689. Verlag Ulstein, 1973.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gruner86-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gruner86_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruner2006" class="citation book cs1">Gruner, Wolf (2006). <i>Jewish forced labor under the Nazis: economic needs and racial aims, 1938–1944</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-83875-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-83875-4"><bdi>0-521-83875-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+forced+labor+under+the+Nazis%3A+economic+needs+and+racial+aims%2C+1938%E2%80%931944&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-521-83875-4&rft.aulast=Gruner&rft.aufirst=Wolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Stuckart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lehrer82-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer82_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer82_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer82_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lehrer (2000), p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gruner87-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gruner87_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gruner87_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gruner (2006), p. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonogh2009" class="citation book cs1">MacDonogh, Giles (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GcWxhlQVnHIC&q=stuckart+"><i>After the Reich: The Brutal History of the Allied Occupation</i></a>. New York: Basic Books. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0465003389" title="Special:BookSources/978-0465003389"><bdi>978-0465003389</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+Reich%3A+The+Brutal+History+of+the+Allied+Occupation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0465003389&rft.aulast=MacDonogh&rft.aufirst=Giles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGcWxhlQVnHIC%26q%3Dstuckart%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Stuckart" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJasch2017" class="citation book cs1">Jasch, Hans-Christian (2017). "Wilhelm Stuckart (1902–1953), Reich Interior Ministry, A Legal Pedant". In Jasch, Hans-Christian; Kreutzmüller, Christoph (eds.). <i>The Participants: The Men of the Wannsee Conference</i>. Berghahn Books. p. 308. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-785-33671-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-785-33671-3"><bdi>978-1-785-33671-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wilhelm+Stuckart+%281902%E2%80%931953%29%2C+Reich+Interior+Ministry%2C+A+Legal+Pedant&rft.btitle=The+Participants%3A+The+Men+of+the+Wannsee+Conference&rft.pages=308&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-785-33671-3&rft.aulast=Jasch&rft.aufirst=Hans-Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Stuckart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lehrer173-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer173_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer173_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer173_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer173_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer173_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer173_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer173_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lehrer173_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lehrer (2000), p. 173</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJasch2017" class="citation book cs1">Jasch, Hans-Christian (2017). "Wilhelm Stuckart (1902–1953), Reich Interior Ministry, A Legal Pedant". In Jasch, Hans-Christian; Kreutzmüller, Christoph (eds.). <i>The Participants: The Men of the Wannsee Conference</i>. Berghahn Books. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-785-33671-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-785-33671-3"><bdi>978-1-785-33671-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wilhelm+Stuckart+%281902%E2%80%931953%29%2C+Reich+Interior+Ministry%2C+A+Legal+Pedant&rft.btitle=The+Participants%3A+The+Men+of+the+Wannsee+Conference&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-785-33671-3&rft.aulast=Jasch&rft.aufirst=Hans-Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilhelm+Stuckart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Stuckart&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de/wilhelm-stuckart/">Biography at Shoa.de</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150526105519/http://www.zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de/wilhelm-stuckart/">Archived</a> 26 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/40524282/Hans_Christian_Jasch_Civil_Service_Lawyers_and_the_Holocaust_The_case_of_Wilhelm_Stuckart">Civil Service Lawyers and the Holocaust: The case of Wilhelm Stuckart</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giesler" title="Paul Giesler">Paul Giesler</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Interior_Minister_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Interior Minister of Germany">Interior Minister of Germany</a> </b><br />1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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Minister, independent)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Backe" title="Herbert Backe">Herbert Backe</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(NSDAP)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Grand Admiral Dönitz</a> <small>(independent)<sup>1</sup></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Dorpm%C3%BCller" title="Julius Dorpmüller">Julius Heinrich Dorpmüller</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(NSDAP)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Klemm" title="Herbert Klemm">Herbert Klemm</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(NSDAP)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Franz Seldte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(NSDAP)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(NSDAP)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilhelm Stuckart</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">NSDAP</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> In his capacity as <i>Reichskriegsminister</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Interior_Ministers_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interior_Ministers_of_Germany" title="Template:Interior Ministers of Germany"><abbr 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1871–1918) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_von_Hofmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl von Hofmann (page does not exist)">Karl Hofmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_von_Boetticher" title="Karl Heinrich von Boetticher">Karl Heinrich von Boetticher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_von_Posadowsky-Wehner" title="Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner">Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg" title="Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg">Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemens_von_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Clemens von Delbrück">Clemens von Delbrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Helfferich" title="Karl Helfferich">Karl Helfferich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Wallraf" title="Max Wallraf">Max Wallraf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Trimborn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Trimborn (page does not exist)">Karl Trimborn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1918–33) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Friedrich Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Preu%C3%9F" title="Hugo Preuß">Hugo Preuß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_David" title="Eduard David">Eduard David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Koch-Weser" title="Erich Koch-Weser">Erich Koch-Weser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Gradnauer" title="Georg Gradnauer">Georg Gradnauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_K%C3%B6ster" title="Adolf Köster">Adolf Köster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Oeser" title="Rudolf Oeser">Rudolf Oeser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Sollmann" title="Wilhelm Sollmann">Wilhelm Sollmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Jarres" title="Karl Jarres">Karl Jarres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schiele" title="Martin Schiele">Martin Schiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Gessler" title="Otto Gessler">Otto Geßler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_K%C3%BClz" title="Wilhelm Külz">Wilhelm Külz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_von_Keudell" title="Walter von Keudell">Walter von Keudell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Severing" title="Carl Severing">Carl Severing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wirth" title="Joseph Wirth">Joseph Wirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Groener" title="Wilhelm Groener">Wilhelm Groener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Gayl" title="Wilhelm von Gayl">Wilhelm von Gayl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Bracht" title="Franz Bracht">Franz Bracht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1933–45) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Giesler" title="Paul Giesler">Paul Giesler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilhelm Stuckart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">German Democratic Republic</a><span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"><sup>1</sup> (1949–90) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Steinhoff" title="Karl Steinhoff">Karl Steinhoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Stoph" title="Willi Stoph">Willi Stoph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Maron" title="Karl Maron">Karl Maron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Dickel" title="Friedrich Dickel">Friedrich Dickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Ahrendt" title="Lothar Ahrendt">Lothar Ahrendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter-Michael_Diestel" title="Peter-Michael Diestel">Peter-Michael Diestel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-weight: normal"> (1949–present) </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Heinemann" title="Gustav Heinemann">Gustav Heinemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lehr" title="Robert Lehr">Robert Lehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der_(CDU)" title="Gerhard Schröder (CDU)">Gerhard Schröder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_H%C3%B6cherl" title="Hermann Höcherl">Hermann Höcherl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_L%C3%BCcke" title="Paul Lücke">Paul Lücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Benda" title="Ernst Benda">Ernst Benda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Dietrich_Genscher" title="Hans-Dietrich Genscher">Hans-Dietrich Genscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Maihofer" title="Werner Maihofer">Werner Maihofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Baum" title="Gerhart Baum">Gerhart Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Schmude" title="Jürgen Schmude">Jürgen Schmude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Zimmermann" title="Friedrich Zimmermann">Friedrich Zimmermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Seiters" title="Rudolf Seiters">Rudolf Seiters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Kanther" title="Manfred Kanther">Manfred Kanther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schily" title="Otto Schily">Otto Schily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sch%C3%A4uble" title="Wolfgang Schäuble">Wolfgang Schäuble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Thomas de Maizière">Thomas de Maizière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Friedrich" title="Hans-Peter Friedrich">Hans-Peter Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Maizi%C3%A8re" title="Thomas de Maizière">Thomas de Maizière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Seehofer" title="Horst Seehofer">Horst Seehofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Faeser" title="Nancy Faeser">Nancy Faeser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size: 90%"><div><sup>1</sup> East Germany</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58009#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58009#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58009#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109692611">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/47818383">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1773137/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqK6DT3rWMM4vPYGmQ8YP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128611189">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no96027623">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16642238k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16642238k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Stuckart, Wilhelm <1902-1953>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV074539">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0085659&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p15407957X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=218540">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810572060505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007462966405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd128611189.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/128611189">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/160554810">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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