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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Third mate</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ThirdmateEEBD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/ThirdmateEEBD.jpg/220px-ThirdmateEEBD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/ThirdmateEEBD.jpg/330px-ThirdmateEEBD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/ThirdmateEEBD.jpg/440px-ThirdmateEEBD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The 3rd mate is often the ship's safety officer.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: navy; color: white;">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Third officer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Department</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deck_department" title="Deck department">Deck department</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Licensed</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duties</th><td class="infobox-data">Safety officer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Requirements</th><td class="infobox-data">3rd Mate's License</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: navy; color: white;">Watchstanding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Watch (at sea)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mate_on_watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mate on watch (page does not exist)">Mate on watch</a> (8-12, 20-24)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Watch (in port)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mate_on_watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mate on watch (page does not exist)">Mate on watch</a> (6-12, 18-24)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>third mate</b> (<b>3/M</b>) or <b>third officer</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Licensed_mariner" title="Licensed mariner">licensed member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Deck_department" title="Deck department">deck department</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Merchant_ship" title="Merchant ship">merchant ship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third mate is a <a href="/wiki/Watchstanding" class="mw-redirect" title="Watchstanding">watchstander</a> and customarily the ship's <a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">safety officer</a> and fourth-in-command (fifth on some ocean liners). The position is junior to a <a href="/wiki/Second_mate" title="Second mate">second mate</a>. Other duties vary depending on the type of ship, its crewing, and other factors. </p><p>Duties related to the role of safety officer focus on responsibility for items such as <a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">firefighting</a> equipment, <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(shipboard)" title="Lifeboat (shipboard)">lifeboats</a>, and various other emergency systems. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Watchstanding">Watchstanding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Watchstanding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">International Maritime Organization</a> (IMO) regulations require the officer be fluent in the English language.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is required for a number of reasons. Examples include the ability to read <a href="/wiki/Nautical_chart" title="Nautical chart">charts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nautical_publications" title="Nautical publications">nautical publications</a>, understand weather and safety messages, communicate with other ships and coast stations, and to successfully interact with a multi-lingual crew.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_watchstanding">General watchstanding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General watchstanding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Emergencies">Emergencies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Emergencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emergencies can happen at any time. The officer must be ready at all times to safeguard passengers and crew.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a collision or grounding, the mate must be able to take initial action, perform damage assessment and control, and understand the procedures for rescuing persons from the sea, assisting ships in distress, and responding to any emergency which may arise in port.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The officer must understand <a href="/wiki/Distress_signal" title="Distress signal">distress signals</a> and know the IMO Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Controlling_ship_operations">Controlling ship operations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controlling ship operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The officer has special responsibilities to keep the ship, the people on board and the environment safe. This includes keeping the ship seaworthy during fire and loss of stability, and providing aid and maintaining safety during man overboard, abandoning ship, and medical emergencies.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Understanding ship's stability, trim, stress, and the basics of ship's construction is a key to keeping a ship seaworthy. The mate must know what to do in cases of flooding and loss of buoyancy. Fire is also a constant concern. Knowing the classes and chemistry of fire, fire-fighting appliances and systems prepares the officer to act fast in case of fire.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An officer must be expert in the use of <a href="/wiki/Lifeboat_(shipboard)" title="Lifeboat (shipboard)">survival craft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rescue_craft" title="Rescue craft">rescue boats</a>, their launching appliances and arrangements, and their equipment including radio life-saving appliances, satellite <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Position-Indicating_Radio_Beacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon">EPIRBs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Search_and_Rescue_Transponder" class="mw-redirect" title="Search and Rescue Transponder">SARTs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immersion_suit" title="Immersion suit">immersion suits</a> and thermal protective aids. In case it is necessary to abandon ship, it is important to be expert in the techniques for survival at sea.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Officers are trained to perform medical tasks and to follow instructions given by radio or obtained from guides. This training includes what to do in case of common shipboard accidents and illnesses.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea_watch">Sea watch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sea watch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At sea, the mate on watch has three fundamental duties: to navigate the ship, to safely avoid traffic, and to respond to any emergencies that may arise.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Mates generally stand watch with <a href="/wiki/Able_Seaman_(occupation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Able Seaman (occupation)">able seamen</a> who act as <a href="/wiki/Helmsman" title="Helmsman">helmsman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lookout" title="Lookout">lookout</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The helmsman executes turns and the lookout reports dangers such as approaching ships. These roles are often combined to a single helmsman/lookout and, under some circumstances, can be eliminated completely.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ability to smartly handle a ship is key to safe watchstanding. A ship's <a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">draught</a>, trim, speed and <a href="/wiki/Under-keel_clearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Under-keel clearance">under-keel clearance</a> all affect its <a href="/wiki/Turning_radius" title="Turning radius">turning radius</a> and stopping distance. Other factors include the effects of wind and current, squat, shallow water and similar effects.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Ship handling is key when the need arises to rescue a person overboard, to anchor, or to moor the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The officer must also be able to transmit and receive signals by <a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse</a> light and to use the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Signals" title="International Code of Signals">International Code of Signals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Navigation">Navigation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Navigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">Navigation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wheelhouse_on_Bro_Elizabeth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Wheelhouse_on_Bro_Elizabeth.jpg/220px-Wheelhouse_on_Bro_Elizabeth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Wheelhouse_on_Bro_Elizabeth.jpg/330px-Wheelhouse_on_Bro_Elizabeth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Wheelhouse_on_Bro_Elizabeth.jpg/440px-Wheelhouse_on_Bro_Elizabeth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>While a ship is underway, the officers navigate it, typically in three shifts or watches.</figcaption></figure><p><a href="/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">Celestial</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Terrestrial_navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terrestrial navigation (page does not exist)">terrestrial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_navigation" title="Electronic navigation">electronic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coastal_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal navigation">coastal navigation</a> techniques are used to fix a ship's position on a <a href="/wiki/Nautical_chart" title="Nautical chart">navigational chart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accounting for effects of winds, <a href="/wiki/Tide" title="Tide">tides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_current" title="Ocean current">currents</a> and estimated speed, the officer directs the <a href="/wiki/Helmsman" title="Helmsman">helmsman</a> to keep to track.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The officer uses supplemental information from <a href="/wiki/Nautical_publications" title="Nautical publications">nautical publications</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Sailing_Directions" title="Sailing Directions">Sailing Directions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tide_table" title="Tide table">tide tables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Notice_to_Mariners" class="mw-redirect" title="Notice to Mariners">Notices to Mariners</a>, and radio navigational warnings to keep the ship clear of danger in transit.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Safety demands the mate be able to quickly solve steering control problems and to calibrate the system for optimum performance.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since <a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">magnetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gyrocompass" title="Gyrocompass">gyrocompasses</a> show the course to steer, the officer must be able to determine and correct for compass errors.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">Weather</a>'s profound effect on ships requires the officer be able to interpret and apply meteorological information from all available sources.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This requires expertise in weather systems, reporting procedures and recording systems.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Traffic_management">Traffic management</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Traffic management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radar_screen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Radar_screen.JPG/220px-Radar_screen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Radar_screen.JPG/330px-Radar_screen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Radar_screen.JPG/440px-Radar_screen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Avoiding collisions can be challenging in heavy traffic.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Regulations_for_Preventing_Collisions_at_Sea" title="International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea">International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea</a> are a cornerstone of safe watchkeeping. Safety requires one lives these rules and follows the principles of safe watchkeeping. An emerging focus in watchkeeping is maximizing bridge teamwork, including the practice of <a href="/wiki/Bridge_Resource_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge Resource Management">Bridge Resource Management</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main purpose for <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Automatic_Radar_Plotting_Aid" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic Radar Plotting Aid">Automatic Radar Plotting Aids</a> (ARPA) on a ship's bridge is to move safely among other vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These instruments help to accurately judge information about prominent objects in the vicinity, such as: </p> <ul><li>range, bearing, course and speed,<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>time and distance of closest point of approach,<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>course and speed changes.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>These factors help the officer apply the <a href="/wiki/International_Regulations_for_Preventing_Collisions_at_Sea" title="International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea">COLREGS</a> to safely maneuver in the vicinity of obstructions and other ships.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radar has a number of limitations, and ARPA inherits those limitations and adds a number of its own. Factors such as rain, high seas, and dense clouds can prevent radar from detecting other vessels. Moreover, dense traffic and course and speed changes can confuse ARPA units.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, human errors such as inaccurate speed inputs and confusion between true and relative vectors add to the limitations of the radar/ARPA suite.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the best conditions, the radar operator must be able to optimize system settings and detect divergences between an ARPA system and reality.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Information obtained from radar and ARPA must be treated with scrutiny: over reliance on these systems has sunk ships.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The officer must understand system performance, limitations and accuracy, tracking capabilities and limitations, and processing delays, and the use of operational warnings and system tests.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In-port_watch">In-port watch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In-port watch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In port, the watch focuses on duties such as cargo operations,<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fire watches,<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Physical_security" title="Physical security">security watches</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> monitoring communications,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and monitoring the anchor or mooring lines.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cargo_handling">Cargo handling</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cargo handling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ship's officer must be able to oversee the loading, stowage, securing and unloading of cargoes.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He must also understand the care of cargo during the voyage.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of particular importance is knowledge of the effect of cargo including heavy lifts on the seaworthiness and stability of the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The officer must also understand safe handling, stowage and securing of cargoes, including cargoes that are dangerous, hazardous or harmful.<sup id="cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ii/1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_officer">Safety officer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Safety officer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_vest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Life_vest.jpg/220px-Life_vest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Life_vest.jpg/330px-Life_vest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Life_vest.jpg/440px-Life_vest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration of wearing a life vest for safety especially during on abandon ship.</figcaption></figure> <p>The third mate is usually responsible for the upkeep of lifesaving and firefighting equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-tm1-1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm1-1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tm1-25_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm1-25-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes a responsibility for some or all of the ship's boats,<sup id="cite_ref-tm1-1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm1-1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and particularly the lifeboats.<sup id="cite_ref-tm1-25_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm1-25-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third mate is also generally an active participant in fire and boat drills.<sup id="cite_ref-tm1-11_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm1-11-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Working_conditions">Working conditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Working conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Merchant mariners spend extended periods at sea. Most deep-sea mariners are hired for one or more voyages that last for several months. The length of time between voyages varies depending on job availability and personal preference.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At sea, these workers usually stand watch for 4 hours and are off for 8 hours, 7 days a week.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>People in water transportation occupations work in all weather conditions. Although merchant mariners try to avoid severe storms while at sea, working in damp and cold conditions is inevitable. While it is uncommon nowadays for vessels to suffer disasters such as fire, explosion, or a sinking, workers face the possibility that they may have to abandon their craft at short notice if it collides with other vessels or runs aground. They also risk injury or death from falling overboard and hazards associated with working with machinery, heavy loads, and dangerous cargo. However, modern safety management procedures, advanced emergency communications, and effective international rescue systems place modern mariners in a much safer position.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most newer vessels are air-conditioned, soundproofed from noisy machinery, and equipped with comfortable living quarters. For some mariners, these amenities have helped ease the sometimes difficult circumstances of long periods away from home. Also, modern communications, especially email, link modern mariners to their families. Nevertheless, some mariners dislike the long periods away from home and the confinement aboard ship and consequently leave the occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_details">National details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: National details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom_Certification">United Kingdom Certification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United Kingdom Certification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initial Officer of the Watch (OOW) Certification in the United Kingdom can be achieved through the various training programme options, these are; </p><p>MNTB Deck Officer Cadet training programme (Degree Route), leading to the following qualifications: Foundation Degree (FdSc) in Marine Operations Direct pathway to BSc (Hons) Marine Operations Management MCA STCW’95 II/I OOW certification </p><p>MNTB Deck Officer Cadet training programme (HND Route), leading to the following qualifications: Higher National Diploma (HND) in Nautical Science NVQ Level 3 in Merchant Vessel Operations MCA STCW’95 II/I OOW certification </p><p>Alternative training programmes for Experienced Seafarers (Examination or NVQ Level 3 Routes), leading to the following qualifications: MCA STCW’95 II/I OOW certification HND Part I in Nautical Science </p><p>All entry routes require the UK candidate to have successfully undertaken STCW'95 safety and certification training in the following; Personal Survival Techniques, Fire Prevention and Firefighting, Elementary First Aid, Personal Safety & Social Responsibilities, Proficiency in Medical First Aid Aboard Ship, Proficiency in Survival Craft & Rescue Boats, Advanced Firefighting, Efficient Deck Hand, MCA Signals Examination, <a href="/wiki/Global_Maritime_Distress_Safety_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Maritime Distress Safety System">GMDSS</a> General Operator's Certificate and Navigation Radar & ARPA Simulation Training (Operational Level) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Licensing">Licensing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Licensing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Usmm-license.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0e/Usmm-license.jpg/220px-Usmm-license.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0e/Usmm-license.jpg/330px-Usmm-license.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0e/Usmm-license.jpg/440px-Usmm-license.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3270" data-file-height="2529" /></a><figcaption>A third mate must have a number of qualifications, including a license.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two methods to attain an unlimited third mate's license in the United States: to attend a specialized training institution, or to accumulate "sea time" and take a series of training classes and examinations.<sup id="cite_ref-10.407_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.407-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Training institutions that can lead to a third mate's license include the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Merchant_Marine_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Merchant Marine Academy">U.S. Merchant Marine Academy</a> (deck curriculum),<sup id="cite_ref-10.407_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.407-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or any of the other <a href="/wiki/List_of_maritime_colleges" title="List of maritime colleges">state maritime colleges</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Guard Academy">Coast Guard Academy</a> does not give licenses to its graduating cadets. </p><p>A seafarer may start the process of attaining a license after three years of service in the deck department on ocean steam or motor vessels, at least six months of which as <a href="/wiki/Able_seaman" title="Able seaman">able seaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boatswain" title="Boatswain">boatswain</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Quartermaster" title="Quartermaster">quartermaster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10.407_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.407-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the seafarer takes required training courses and completes on-board assessments. Finally, the mariner can apply to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> for a Third Mate's license.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Captain_(nautical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (nautical)">master</a> of 1,600-ton vessels can, under certain circumstances, begin the application process for an unlimited third mate's license.<sup id="cite_ref-10.407_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.407-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If approved the applicant must then successfully pass a comprehensive license examination before being issued the license. <i><a href="/wiki/Hawsepiper" title="Hawsepiper">Hawsepiper</a></i> is an informal term referring to an officer who did not attend a maritime college or academy and began his or her career as a seafarer.<sup id="cite_ref-halyer-xvi_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halyer-xvi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term derives from the ship’s hawsepipe: the pipe passing through the bow section of a ship that the anchor chain passes through.<sup id="cite_ref-halyer-8-15_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halyer-8-15-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Coming up through the hawsepipe" is a nautical metaphor for climbing up the ship's rank structure.<sup id="cite_ref-halyer-xvi_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halyer-xvi-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some maritime unions offer their membership the required training for career advancement, such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Maritime_Officers" title="American Maritime Officers">American Maritime Officers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070607094946/http://www.amo-union.org/STAR/STARCenter.htm">RTM-STAR Center</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hall_Center_for_Maritime_Training_and_Education" title="Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education">Paul Hall Center for Maritime Training and Education</a> administered by the <a href="/wiki/Seafarers_International_Union_of_North_America" title="Seafarers International Union of North America">Seafarers International Union of North America</a>. Similarly, some employers offer financial assistance to pay for the training for their employees.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Otherwise, the mariner is responsible for the cost of the required training.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since the requirements of STCW '95 have been enacted, there have been complaints that the hawsepiper career path has been made too difficult.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Examples include the cost in time and money to meet formal classroom training requirements.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Critics assert that the newer requirements will eventually lead to a shortage of qualified mariners, especially in places like the United States.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Working_conditions_2">Working conditions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Working conditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rate of unionization for these workers is about 36 percent, much higher than the average for all occupations.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, merchant marine officers and seafarers, both veterans and beginners, are hired for voyages through union hiring halls or directly by shipping companies.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiring halls rank the candidates by the length of time the person has been out of work and fill open slots accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hiring halls typically are found in major seaports.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mates employed on Great Lakes ships work 60 days and have 30 days off, but do not work in the winter when the lakes are frozen.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workers on rivers, on canals, and in harbors are more likely to have year-round work.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some work 8-hour or 12-hour shifts and go home every day.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others work steadily for a week or a month and then have an extended period off.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When working, they usually are on duty for 6 or 12 hours and off for 6 or 12 hours. Those on smaller vessels are normally assigned to one vessel and have steady employment.<sup id="cite_ref-bls2_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bls2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Third_Mates">Notable Third Mates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable Third Mates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Cheetham" title="Alfred Cheetham">Alfred Cheetham</a> served as third officer for Shackleton's 1914 <a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod Expedition</a> to Antarctica.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lord" title="Jack Lord">Jack Lord</a>, American television, film, and Broadway actor.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Cousins" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Cousins">Gregory Cousins</a>, on watch during <a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill" title="Exxon Valdez oil spill">Exxon Valdez grounding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Pearson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles William Pearson">Charles William Pearson</a>, a pioneer Anglican missionary in Uganda.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lundeberg" title="Harry Lundeberg">Harry Lundeberg</a> was sailing as third mate during the <a href="/wiki/1934_West_Coast_waterfront_strike" title="1934 West Coast waterfront strike">1934 West Coast waterfront strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cent_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cent-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Pitman" title="Herbert Pitman">Herbert J. Pitman</a>, Third officer on the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Titanic" class="mw-redirect" title="RMS Titanic">RMS <i>Titanic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">John Paul Jones</a>, the Scottish 'Father' of the American Navy was the Third Mate aboard the King George in 1764</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deck_officer" class="extiw" title="commons:Deck officer"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Deck officer</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_officer_(aviation)" title="Third officer (aviation)">Third officer (aviation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafarer%27s_professions_and_ranks" title="Seafarer's professions and ranks">Seafarer's professions and ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Merchant_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="British Merchant Navy">Merchant Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship transport">Ship transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine" title="United States Merchant Marine">United States Merchant Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_chart" title="Nautical chart">Nautical chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_publications" title="Nautical publications">Nautical publications</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edumaritime.net/stcw/general-requirement-for-oicnw">"What are the STCW Requirements for Officer in Charge of a Navigational Watch (OICNW)?"</a>. <i>www.edumaritime.net</i>.</cite><span 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href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a-ii/1_2-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=West+Coast+Sailors&rft.atitle=Centennial+Retrospective&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sailors.org%2Fpdf%2Fnewsletter%2Fharrylundebergcentennial.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+mate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Third_mate" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Third mate"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Third mate</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_Labor_Statistics_(U.S.A.)2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics (U.S.A.)</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000831022845/http://www.bls.gov/oco/pdf/ocos247.pdf">"Water Transportation Occupations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Occupational Outlook Handbook</i>. Government Printing Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/oco/pdf/ocos247.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2000-08-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Outlook+Handbook&rft.atitle=Water+Transportation+Occupations&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics+%28U.S.A.%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Foco%2Fpdf%2Focos247.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+mate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayler2003" class="citation book cs1">Hayler, William B. (2003). <i>American Merchant Seaman's Manual</i>. Cornell Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87033-549-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87033-549-5"><bdi>978-0-87033-549-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Merchant+Seaman%27s+Manual&rft.pub=Cornell+Maritime+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-87033-549-5&rft.aulast=Hayler&rft.aufirst=William+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+mate" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurpinMcEwen,_William_A.1980" class="citation book cs1">Turpin, Edward A.; McEwen, William A. (1980). <i>Merchant Marine Officers' Handbook</i> (4th ed.). Centreville, MD: Cornell Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87033-056-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87033-056-8"><bdi>978-0-87033-056-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merchant+Marine+Officers%27+Handbook&rft.place=Centreville%2C+MD&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Cornell+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-87033-056-8&rft.aulast=Turpin&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rft.au=McEwen%2C+William+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+mate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLearning_and_Skills_Council2005" class="citation web cs1">Learning and Skills Council (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917062412/http://careersadvice.direct.gov.uk/helpwithyourcareer/jobprofiles/profiles/profile485/">"Merchant Navy Deck Officer Job Profile"</a>. <i>Careers Advice Website</i>. London: United Kingdom. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://careersadvice.direct.gov.uk/helpwithyourcareer/jobprofiles/profiles/profile485/">the original</a> on 2008-09-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipboard_occupations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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talk:Shipboard occupations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shipboard_occupations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shipboard occupations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipboard_occupations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipboard occupations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deck_department" title="Deck department">Deck<br /> department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deck officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_captain" title="Sea captain">Shipmaster (captain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_duty_officer" title="Command duty officer">Officer of the watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_mate" title="Chief mate">Chief mate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_mate" title="Second mate">Second mate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Third mate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_cadet" title="Deck cadet">Cadet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deck ratings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boatswain" title="Boatswain">Boatswain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_seaman" title="Able seaman">Able seaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_seaman" title="Ordinary seaman">Ordinary seaman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_department" title="Engine department">Engine<br /> department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_officer" title="Engine officer">Engine officers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_engineer" title="Chief engineer">Chief engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_engineer" title="Second engineer">Second engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_engineer" title="Third engineer">Third engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_engineer" title="Fourth engineer">Fourth engineer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engine ratings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motorman_(ship)" title="Motorman (ship)">Motorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oiler_(occupation)" title="Oiler (occupation)">Oiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiper_(occupation)" title="Wiper (occupation)">Wiper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Steward%27s_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Steward's department">Steward's <br /> department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steward officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purser" title="Purser">Purser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steward ratings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_cook" title="Chief cook">Chief cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_steward" title="Chief steward">Chief steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steward%27s_assistant" title="Steward's assistant">Steward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot">Maritime pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">Sailor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_operations" title="Nautical operations">Nautical operations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&oldid=1230833519">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Third_mate&oldid=1230833519</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nautical_terminology" title="Category:Nautical terminology">Nautical terminology</a></li><li><a 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