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Biographical Directory of Federal Judges - Wikipedia

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</p><p>These include justices of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> and judges of <a href="/wiki/United_States_court_of_appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="United States court of appeals">United States courts of appeals</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">district courts</a>, and the now-obsolete <a href="/wiki/United_States_circuit_court" title="United States circuit court">circuit courts</a>. </p><p>The <i>Biographical Directory</i> is available online in searchable format. Biographical information provided for each judge includes birth and death dates, educational background, a summary of the judge's professional career and a summary of the judge's federal judicial service (including dates of nomination, confirmation, and acceptance of commission.) Where available, links to the location of the judge's manuscript papers, biographical sources, and <a href="/wiki/Oral_history" title="Oral history">oral history</a> sources are also provided. </p><p>As a non-<a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyrighted</a> <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_work_by_the_U.S._government" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright status of work by the U.S. government">work of the United States government</a>, the <i>Biographical Directory</i> is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> within the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/biographical-directory-article-iii-federal-judges-about-directory">"Biographical Directory of Article III Federal Judges: About the Directory"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506194032/https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/biographical-directory-article-iii-federal-judges-about-directory">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Federal+Judicial+Center&amp;rft.atitle=Biographical+Directory+of+Article+III+Federal+Judges%3A+About+the+Directory&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fhistory%2Fjudges%2Fbiographical-directory-article-iii-federal-judges-about-directory&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiographical+Directory+of+Federal+Judges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/biographical-directory-article-iii-federal-judges-about-directory">Biographical Directory of Article III Federal Judges: About the Directory</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a></i>. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914870#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐49j2h Cached time: 20241122143018 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.196 seconds Real time usage: 0.265 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 501/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6355/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1068/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 4658/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.111/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4016462/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 249.299 1 -total 42.67% 106.379 1 Template:Reflist 35.54% 88.613 1 Template:Cite_web 32.12% 80.080 1 Template:Short_description 16.61% 41.397 2 Template:Pagetype 10.30% 25.683 5 Template:Main_other 9.10% 22.694 1 Template:SDcat 7.31% 18.227 1 Template:Use_mdy_dates 6.44% 16.045 1 Template:Official 6.08% 15.158 1 Template:Authority_control --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:7357681-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122143018 and revision id 1184494598. 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