CINXE.COM

<!doctype html>     <html lang="en-US" class="no-js">  <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> Page not found - LTER</title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/apple-icon-touch.png"> <link rel="icon" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">  <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#f01d4f"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/win8-tile-icon.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#121212"> <link rel="pingback" href=""> <meta name='robots' content='noindex, follow' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Page not found - LTER" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="LTER" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://lternet.edu/#website","url":"https://lternet.edu/","name":"LTER","description":"Providing the scientific community, policy makers, and society with the knowledge and predictive understanding necessary to conserve, protect, and manage the nation’s ecosystems, their biodiversity, and the services they provide.","publisher":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://lternet.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://lternet.edu/#organization","name":"LTER Network","url":"https://lternet.edu/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://lternet.edu/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/LTER-Network-Logo-2017.jpg","contentUrl":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/LTER-Network-Logo-2017.jpg","width":640,"height":155,"caption":"LTER Network"},"image":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/uslter","https://x.com/uslter","https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="LTER » Feed" href="https://lternet.edu/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="LTER » Comments Feed" href="https://lternet.edu/comments/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-QCHD472YQS" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.2'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/home\/lter-network-calendar\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-QCHD472YQS', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-QCHD472YQS', {"forceSSL":"true","anonymize_ip":"true","page_path":'\/404.html?page=' + document.location.pathname + document.location.search + '&from=' + document.referrer} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <link rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-repeater-fields-style-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/user-registration-repeater-fields/assets/css/user-registration-repeater-fields-frontend.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sbi_styles-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/css/sbi-styles.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='view_editor_gutenberg_frontend_assets-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/public/css/views-frontend.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='view_editor_gutenberg_frontend_assets-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;} .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #eeeeee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;} .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #eeeeee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #0099cc;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #cbddeb;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #95bedd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #95bedd;} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='events-manager-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/events-manager/includes/css/events-manager.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='events-manager-pro-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/events-manager-pro/includes/css/events-manager-pro.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='toolset-common-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/css/toolset-common.css' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='toolset-select2-css-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/select2/select2.css' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-css' href='https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/css/all.css' type='text/css' media='all' integrity="sha384-DyZ88mC6Up2uqS4h/KRgHuoeGwBcD4Ng9SiP4dIRy0EXTlnuz47vAwmeGwVChigm" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='addtoany-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' />  <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-v4shim-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.css' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/font-awesome/css/all.css' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C600%2C700' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/css/bootstrap.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='lter-stylesheet-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/css/style.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-css' href='https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/css/v4-shims.css' type='text/css' media='all' integrity="sha384-Vq76wejb3QJM4nDatBa5rUOve+9gkegsjCebvV/9fvXlGWo4HCMR4cJZjjcF6Viv" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <style id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-inline-css' type='text/css'> @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); } @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); } @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); unicode-range: U+F004-F005,U+F007,U+F017,U+F022,U+F024,U+F02E,U+F03E,U+F044,U+F057-F059,U+F06E,U+F070,U+F075,U+F07B-F07C,U+F080,U+F086,U+F089,U+F094,U+F09D,U+F0A0,U+F0A4-F0A7,U+F0C5,U+F0C7-F0C8,U+F0E0,U+F0EB,U+F0F3,U+F0F8,U+F0FE,U+F111,U+F118-F11A,U+F11C,U+F133,U+F144,U+F146,U+F14A,U+F14D-F14E,U+F150-F152,U+F15B-F15C,U+F164-F165,U+F185-F186,U+F191-F192,U+F1AD,U+F1C1-F1C9,U+F1CD,U+F1D8,U+F1E3,U+F1EA,U+F1F6,U+F1F9,U+F20A,U+F247-F249,U+F24D,U+F254-F25B,U+F25D,U+F267,U+F271-F274,U+F279,U+F28B,U+F28D,U+F2B5-F2B6,U+F2B9,U+F2BB,U+F2BD,U+F2C1-F2C2,U+F2D0,U+F2D2,U+F2DC,U+F2ED,U+F328,U+F358-F35B,U+F3A5,U+F3D1,U+F410,U+F4AD; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" id="toolset-common-es-frontend-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var tcesData = {"bodyIdToSelectors":"tbcss"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/common-es/public/toolset-common-es-frontend.js" id="toolset-common-es-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/user-registration-repeater-fields/assets/js/frontend/user-registration-repeater-fields-frontend.min.js" id="user-registration-repeater-fields-frontend-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[]","home_url":"https:\/\/lternet.edu","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-QCHD472YQS"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="addtoany-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.js" id="addtoany-jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js" id="jquery-ui-mouse-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/sortable.min.js" id="jquery-ui-sortable-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ jQuery(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"MM d, yy","firstDay":0,"isRTL":false});}); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/resizable.min.js" id="jquery-ui-resizable-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/draggable.min.js" id="jquery-ui-draggable-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/controlgroup.min.js" id="jquery-ui-controlgroup-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/checkboxradio.min.js" id="jquery-ui-checkboxradio-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/button.min.js" id="jquery-ui-button-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/dialog.min.js" id="jquery-ui-dialog-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="events-manager-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var EM = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","locationajaxurl":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=locations_search","firstDay":"0","locale":"en","dateFormat":"yy-mm-dd","ui_css":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/events-manager\/includes\/css\/jquery-ui\/build.min.css","show24hours":"0","is_ssl":"1","autocomplete_limit":"10","calendar":{"breakpoints":{"small":560,"medium":908,"large":false}},"phone":"","datepicker":{"format":"Y-m-d"},"search":{"breakpoints":{"small":650,"medium":850,"full":false}},"url":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/events-manager","txt_search":"Search","txt_searching":"Searching...","txt_loading":"Loading...","cache":"1","api_nonce":"e337069e58"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/events-manager/includes/js/events-manager.js" id="events-manager-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/events-manager-pro/includes/js/events-manager-pro.js" id="events-manager-pro-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/libs/modernizr.custom.min.js" id="lter-modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/bootstrap.min.js" id="bootstrap-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/menuzord.js" id="menuzord-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/menuzord-setup.js" id="menuzord-setup-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/sticky.js" id="sticky-js"></script> <script></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-json/" /><meta name="generator" content="performance-lab 3.4.1; plugins: "> <script> window.addEventListener("load",function(){ var c={script:false,link:false}; function ls(s) { if(!['script','link'].includes(s)||c[s]){return;}c[s]=true; var d=document,f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s); if(s==='script'){j.async=true;j.src='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/js/frontend.js?v=1.6.13';}else{ j.rel='stylesheet';j.href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/css/style.css?v=1.6.13';} f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); }; function ex(){ls('script');ls('link')} window.addEventListener("scroll", ex, {once: true}); if (('IntersectionObserver' in window) && ('IntersectionObserverEntry' in window) && ('intersectionRatio' in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype)) { var i = 0, fb = document.querySelectorAll("[class^='tb-']"), o = new IntersectionObserver(es => { es.forEach(e => { o.unobserve(e.target); if (e.intersectionRatio > 0) { ex();o.disconnect();}else{ i++;if(fb.length>i){o.observe(fb[i])}} }) }); if (fb.length) { o.observe(fb[i]) } } }) </script> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/css/style.css"> </noscript><meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> /* Welcome to Custom CSS! To learn how this works, see http://wp.me/PEmnE-Bt */ .single-stories.postid-79679 table { table-layout: auto; width: 100%; } .single-stories.postid-79679 th { border: 1px solid gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 10px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; } .single-stories.postid-79679 td { border: 1px solid gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 10px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; } .img-holder { padding-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb; } .wp-block-image figcaption { margin-top: 0; } .button.em-event-add-to-calendar { color: #000; } </style> <noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript><noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-78052587-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-78052587-1'); </script> </head> <body class="error404 user-registration-page wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.9 vc_responsive" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"> <header id="site-header" class="header" role="banner" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"> <div class="container"> <div id="top-bar"> <ul class="social"> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/" terget="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/uslter" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/USLTER" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i></a></li> </ul> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="dropbtn dropdown-toggle">Quick Links <i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></button> <div id="myDropdown" class="dropdown-content"> <a href="/site-image-galleries/">Gallery</a> <a href="/directory/">Directory</a> <a href="/lter-document-archive/">Document Archive</a> <a href="/home/lter-network-calendar/">Events</a> <a href="https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/home.jsp">Data Portal</a><a href="/graphic-resources/">Network Graphics</a><a href="https://lternet.edu/wp-admin">Member Login</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="menuzord" class="menuzord ascaero"> <a href="https://lternet.edu" class="menuzord-brand"><img src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/logo.svg" alt="LTER logo" ></a> <nav role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menuzord-menu"><li id="menu-item-45500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45500"><a href="#">The Network</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-86997" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-86997"><a href="https://lternet.discourse.group/">LTER Community Forum</a></li> <li id="menu-item-89890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89890"><a href="https://lternet.edu/directory/">Directory</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87119" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-87119"><a href="https://lternet.edu/about/">About the LTER Network</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-83085" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83085"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/LTER_Self_Study_2019-10-04.pdf">2019 Network Self Study</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45504"><a href="https://lternet.edu/vision-mission/">Vision/Mission/Goals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46387" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46387"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/lter-a-history/">History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83604" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83604"><a href="https://lternet.edu/opportunities">LTER-related Opportunities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-89456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-89456"><a href="https://lternet.edu/lter-calendar/">LTER Events</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-88635" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-88635"><a href="https://lternet.edu/2024-lter-science-council-meeting/">2024 LTER Science Council Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-87192"><a href="/stories/lter-science-council-2023/">2023 Science Council</a></li> <li id="menu-item-85025" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-85025"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eI9S7kBD_NgK1-WBvoSad4BOqSAEk8_Hyn5cOk-8vYo/edit?usp=sharing">2022 Science Council Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-84083"><a href="https://lternet.edu/2021-science-council-meeting/">2021 Science Council Meeting</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-84485" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84485"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/2021-lter-site-lightning-talks/">Lightning Talk Schedule</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-84084" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-84084"><a href="https://lternet.edu/2022-all-scientists-meeting/">2022 All Scientists’ Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79649" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-79649"><a href="https://lternet.edu/lter-scientists-meeting-2018/">2018 All Scientists’ Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84122" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84122"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/2021-2022-lter-webinar-series/">2021-2022 Webinar Series</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-81329" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-81329"><a href="https://lternet.edu/lter-meetings-code-of-conduct/">LTER Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46281" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46281"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/">Network Organization</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-46425" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46425"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/">Network Organization</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46280" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46280"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/network-leadership/">Network Leadership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84334" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84334"><a href="https://lternet.edu/committees/">Committees</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46286" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46286"><a href="https://lternet.edu/maillists/">Mail Lists</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46272" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46272"><a href="https://lternet.edu/contact-us/">LTER Network Office</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46275" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46275"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/resources/">Resources</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-81615" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-81615"><a href="https://lternet.edu/intranet/">LTER Document Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46287" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46287"><a href="https://lternet.edu/new-to-the-network/">New to the Network</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82395" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-82395"><a href="https://lternet.edu/information-management-resources/">Information Management Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79082" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-79082"><a href="https://lternet.edu/education-resources/">Education Resources</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-82691" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-82691"><a href="https://lternet.edu/remote-teaching/">Remote Teaching Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-79083"><a href="https://lternet.edu/educator-recruitment/">Educator Recruitment </a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-45507" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45507"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/diversity-resources/">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46517" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46517"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/">Communication Resources</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-48242" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48242"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/communications/">Role of the LTER Network Office</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48241" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48241"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/communications-planning/">Communications Planning</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48260"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/communications-fundamentals/">Communications Fundamentals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48239" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48239"><a href="https://lternet.edu/twitter-for-scientists/">Twitter for scientists: the tool you never knew you needed</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79142" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-79142"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/videos/">Using Video to Communicate Science</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-78273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-78273"><a href="/site">Sites</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-41603" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-site menu-item-41603"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/">Site Profiles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84431" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84431"><a href="https://lternet.edu/gallery/lter-site-briefs/">Site Briefs (2019)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-78671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-78671"><a href="https://ucsb.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=bc64a6122a1d41d4a0ed60e36222e6b9">LTER Road Trip</a></li> <li id="menu-item-80027" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-80027"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site-characteristics/">Site Characteristics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-80028" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-80028"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site-contacts/">Site Contacts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-45509" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45509"><a href="#">Research</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-45514" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45514"><a href="https://lternet.edu/how-we-work/">How We Work</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48028" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48028"><a href="https://lternet.edu/using-lter-data/">LTER Data Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83408" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83408"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings">Key Findings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47889"><a href="https://lternet.edu/core-research-areas/">Core Themes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87059" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-87059"><a href="https://lternet.edu/synthesis/">Synthesis</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-89275" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89275"><a href="https://lternet.edu/rfp-2024/">Request for Proposals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47888"><a href="https://lternet.edu/current-working-groups/">LTER Synthesis Working Groups</a></li> <li id="menu-item-89578" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89578"><a href="https://lternet.edu/ssecr/">Synthesis Skills for Early Career Researchers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48091" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48091"><a href="https://lternet.edu/working-groups/">Working Group Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48087" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48087"><a href="https://lternet.edu/synthesis-resources/">Synthesis Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48088" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48088"><a href="https://lternet.edu/guidance-working-group-pis/">Guidance for Working Group PI’s</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-47000" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-47000"><a href="/bibliography">Publications</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-83506" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83506"><a href="/bibliography">Journal Articles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47001" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47001"><a href="https://lternet.edu/reports/">Reports</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47002" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47002"><a href="https://lternet.edu/books/">Books</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47006" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-document-types menu-item-47006"><a href="https://lternet.edu/?taxonomy=document-types&term=annual-reports-network-publications">Annual Reports</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46300" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-46300"><a href="/education-and-training/">Learning</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-46312" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46312"><a href="https://lternet.edu/graduate/">Graduate Education</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-86361" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-86361"><a href="https://lternet.edu/graduate-writing-fellows/">Graduate Writing Fellows</a></li> <li id="menu-item-85737" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-85737"><a href="https://lternet.edu/category/ssalter/">Short Stories About Long-Term Research Blog</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46311" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46311"><a href="https://lternet.edu/education-and-training/undergraduate/">Undergraduate Research Opportunities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47998" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47998"><a href="https://lternet.edu/k-12-education/">K-12 Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-88019" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-88019"><a href="https://lternet.edu/authentic-research-experience-for-teachers-lters/">For Teachers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47610" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-47610"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/">Engaging Communities</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-81917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-81917"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/lter-arts-sciences/">LTER Arts & Sciences</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48044" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48044"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/community-science/">Community Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46356" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46356"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/site-tours/">Site Tours</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-48041" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48041"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site-activities/">Activities by Site</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46334" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-46334"><a href="#">Using LTER Science</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-78573" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-78573"><a href="https://lternet.edu/using-lter-data/">Finding LTER Data</a></li> <li id="menu-item-86272" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-86272"><a href="https://lternet.edu/apeal-main/">Science Engagement Project</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46365" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46365"><a href="https://lternet.edu/management-partnerships/">Resource Managers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46362" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46362"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communities-individuals/">Communities and Individuals</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-46363" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46363"><a href="https://lternet.edu/scenarios/">Scenarios</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-77897" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-77897"><a href="https://lternet.edu/international/">International</a></li> <li id="menu-item-77900" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-77900"><a href="https://lternet.edu/research-networks/">Related Research Networks</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-78338" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-news-stories menu-item-has-children menu-item-78338"><a href="https://lternet.edu/news-stories/">News</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-78339" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-news-stories menu-item-78339"><a href="https://lternet.edu/news-stories/">LTER in the News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83614" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-83614"><a href="https://us12.campaign-archive.com/home/?u=d7494403ed9d8c97a5479f0d4&id=51157f4ed5">LTER Newsletter Signup</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-83615" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83615"><a href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/databits/">DataBits</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46366" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46366"><a href="https://lternet.edu/social-media/">Social Media</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-89885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-89885"><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/uslter.bsky.social">Blue Sky</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83618" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83618"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/">Instagram</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83620" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83620"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA">YouTube</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83616" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83616"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/uslter">Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83617" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83617"><a href="https://twitter.com/USLTER">Twitter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83621" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83621"><a href="https://twitter.com/i/lists/233328733/membersSites%20that%20Tweet">Sites that Tweet</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-89884" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-89884"><a href="https://lternetwork.smugmug.com/">Photo Gallery</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84301" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-84301"><a href="https://lternet.edu/video-homepage/">Video Gallery</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/?s=" class="menu-search-icon"><img src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/search-icon.png" /></a><div id="top-search"><form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://lternet.edu/"> <div> <label for="s" class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</label> <input type="search" id="s" name="s" value="" /> <button type="submit" id="searchsubmit" >Search</button> </div> </form></div></li></ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div>  <script id="mcjs">!function(c,h,i,m,p){m=c.createElement(h),p=c.getElementsByTagName(h)[0],m.async=1,m.src=i,p.parentNode.insertBefore(m,p)}(document,"script","https://chimpstatic.com/mcjs-connected/js/users/d7494403ed9d8c97a5479f0d4/5826af4aec64e5ead2175119e.js");</script> </header> <div id="main"> <div class="inner-banner" id="cemetery"> <div class="container"> <h1 itemprop="headline" rel="bookmark">Epic 404 - Article Not Found</h1> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-md-8" role="main" itemscope itemprop="mainContentOfPage" itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog"> <article id="post-not-found" class="hentry cf"> <section class="entry-content"> <p>The article you were looking for was not found, but maybe try looking again!</p> </section> <section class="search"> <p><form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://lternet.edu/"> <div> <label for="s" class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</label> <input type="search" id="s" name="s" value="" /> <button type="submit" id="searchsubmit" >Search</button> </div> </form></p> </section> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPFooter"> <div class="container"> <nav role="navigation"> <div id="footer-nav"> <a href="/home/lter-network-calendar/">Events</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/intranet">Document Archive</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/directory">People</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/bibliography">Publications</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/opportunities">Opportunities</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a></div> </nav> <div id="copy"> © 2024 LTER. Managed by <span class="hilite"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/lter-network-office-home/">LTER Network Office</a></span>, NCEAS, UCSB, 1021 Anacapa Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101<br> Except where otherwise noted, material may be re-used under a <span class="hilite"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license</a></span>. </div> <div id="nsf"> <img src="/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/NSF_4-Color-150x100-1.png"> <p>This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DEB#1545288, 10/1/2015-9/30/19 and DEB#1929393, 09/01/2019-08/31/2024. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.</p> </div> <div> <div id="footer-bottom"><a href="https://lternet.edu/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="https://lternet.edu/feedback">Feedback</a></div><div id="credit">Created by <a href="http://ndic.com">NDIC</a></div> <ul class="social"> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/" terget="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/uslter" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/USLTER" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer>  <script type="text/javascript"> var sbiajaxurl = "https://lternet.edu/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/layouts/resources/js/ddl-tabs-cell-frontend.js" id="ddl-tabs-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js" id="underscore-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/suggest.min.js" id="suggest-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/toolset-forms/js/main.js" id="wptoolset-forms-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wptoolset-field-date-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wptDateData = {"buttonImage":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/cred-frontend-editor\/vendor\/toolset\/toolset-common\/toolset-forms\/images\/calendar.gif","buttonText":"Select date","dateFormat":"MM d, yy","dateFormatPhp":"F j, Y","dateFormatNote":"Input format: F j, Y","yearMin":"1583","yearMax":"3000","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","readonly":"This is a read-only date input","readonly_image":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/cred-frontend-editor\/vendor\/toolset\/toolset-common\/toolset-forms\/images\/calendar-readonly.gif","datepicker_style_url":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/cred-frontend-editor\/vendor\/toolset\/toolset-common\/toolset-forms\/css\/wpt-jquery-ui\/jquery-ui-1.11.4.custom.css"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/toolset-forms/js/date.js" id="wptoolset-field-date-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/scripts.js" id="lter-js-js"></script> <script></script><script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script><script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/lazyload/17.8.3/lazyload.min.js"></script> </body> </html>