CINXE.COM

<!doctype html>     <html lang="en-US" class="no-js">  <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> DataBits Archives - LTER</title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/apple-icon-touch.png"> <link rel="icon" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">  <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#f01d4f"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/win8-tile-icon.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#121212"> <link rel="pingback" href=""> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <link rel="canonical" href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="DataBits Archives - LTER" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Since 1989 the information managers of the LTER Network have maintained a bi-annual newsletter that documents information management news, resources, and developments. Subscribe to DataBits, alongside with other LTER newsletters, subscribe to our feed of DataBits articles, or visit our archives for a slice of IM history. Pre-2019 issues of DataBits are available in a pdf archive." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="LTER" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@uslter" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/","url":"https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/","name":"DataBits Archives - LTER","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/Copy-of-Copy-of-databits-header.png","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/#primaryimage","url":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/Copy-of-Copy-of-databits-header.png","contentUrl":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/Copy-of-Copy-of-databits-header.png","width":1400,"height":400},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://lternet.edu/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Data","item":"https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"DataBits"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://lternet.edu/#website","url":"https://lternet.edu/","name":"LTER","description":"Providing the scientific community, policy makers, and society with the knowledge and predictive understanding necessary to conserve, protect, and manage the nation’s ecosystems, their biodiversity, and the services they provide.","publisher":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://lternet.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://lternet.edu/#organization","name":"LTER Network","url":"https://lternet.edu/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://lternet.edu/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/LTER-network-logo-square-trans.png","contentUrl":"https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/LTER-network-logo-square-trans.png","width":500,"height":500,"caption":"LTER Network"},"image":{"@id":"https://lternet.edu/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/uslter","https://x.com/uslter","https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="LTER » Feed" href="https://lternet.edu/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="LTER » Comments Feed" href="https://lternet.edu/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="LTER » DataBits Story Type Feed" href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/data/databits/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-QCHD472YQS" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript"> var mi_version = '9.2.4'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/story_types\/databits\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-QCHD472YQS', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-QCHD472YQS', {"forceSSL":"true","anonymize_ip":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <link rel='stylesheet' id='user-registration-repeater-fields-style-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/user-registration-repeater-fields/assets/css/user-registration-repeater-fields-frontend.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sbi_styles-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/css/sbi-styles.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='view_editor_gutenberg_frontend_assets-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/public/css/views-frontend.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='view_editor_gutenberg_frontend_assets-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;} .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #eeeeee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;} .wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #fff;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-default .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #eee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #cdcdcd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #eeeeee;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-grey .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #e5e5e5;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue > span.wpv-sort-list,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item {border-color: #0099cc;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item a {color: #444;background-color: #cbddeb;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue a:hover,.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue a:focus {color: #000;background-color: #95bedd;}.wpv-sort-list-dropdown.wpv-sort-list-dropdown-style-blue .wpv-sort-list-item.wpv-sort-list-current a {color: #000;background-color: #95bedd;} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='events-manager-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/events-manager/includes/css/events-manager.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='events-manager-pro-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/events-manager-pro/includes/css/events-manager-pro.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='toolset-common-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/css/toolset-common.css' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='toolset-select2-css-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/select2/select2.css' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-css' href='https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/css/all.css' type='text/css' media='all' integrity="sha384-DyZ88mC6Up2uqS4h/KRgHuoeGwBcD4Ng9SiP4dIRy0EXTlnuz47vAwmeGwVChigm" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='addtoany-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' />  <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-v4shim-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.css' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/res/lib/font-awesome/css/all.css' type='text/css' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A400%2C400i%2C600%2C700' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/css/bootstrap.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='lter-stylesheet-css' href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/css/style.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-css' href='https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/css/v4-shims.css' type='text/css' media='all' integrity="sha384-Vq76wejb3QJM4nDatBa5rUOve+9gkegsjCebvV/9fvXlGWo4HCMR4cJZjjcF6Viv" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <style id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-inline-css' type='text/css'> @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-brands-400.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); } @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-solid-900.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); } @font-face { font-family: "FontAwesome"; font-display: block; src: url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.eot"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.eot?#iefix") format("embedded-opentype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff2") format("woff2"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff") format("woff"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.ttf") format("truetype"), url("https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/webfonts/fa-regular-400.svg#fontawesome") format("svg"); unicode-range: U+F004-F005,U+F007,U+F017,U+F022,U+F024,U+F02E,U+F03E,U+F044,U+F057-F059,U+F06E,U+F070,U+F075,U+F07B-F07C,U+F080,U+F086,U+F089,U+F094,U+F09D,U+F0A0,U+F0A4-F0A7,U+F0C5,U+F0C7-F0C8,U+F0E0,U+F0EB,U+F0F3,U+F0F8,U+F0FE,U+F111,U+F118-F11A,U+F11C,U+F133,U+F144,U+F146,U+F14A,U+F14D-F14E,U+F150-F152,U+F15B-F15C,U+F164-F165,U+F185-F186,U+F191-F192,U+F1AD,U+F1C1-F1C9,U+F1CD,U+F1D8,U+F1E3,U+F1EA,U+F1F6,U+F1F9,U+F20A,U+F247-F249,U+F24D,U+F254-F25B,U+F25D,U+F267,U+F271-F274,U+F279,U+F28B,U+F28D,U+F2B5-F2B6,U+F2B9,U+F2BB,U+F2BD,U+F2C1-F2C2,U+F2D0,U+F2D2,U+F2DC,U+F2ED,U+F328,U+F358-F35B,U+F3A5,U+F3D1,U+F410,U+F4AD; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" id="toolset-common-es-frontend-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var tcesData = {"bodyIdToSelectors":"tbcss"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/common-es/public/toolset-common-es-frontend.js" id="toolset-common-es-frontend-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/user-registration-repeater-fields/assets/js/frontend/user-registration-repeater-fields-frontend.min.js" id="user-registration-repeater-fields-frontend-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" type="text/javascript" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>/* <![CDATA[ */ var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[]","home_url":"https:\/\/lternet.edu","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-QCHD472YQS"};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="addtoany-core-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.js" id="addtoany-jquery-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js" id="jquery-ui-mouse-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/sortable.min.js" id="jquery-ui-sortable-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ jQuery(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"MM d, yy","firstDay":0,"isRTL":false});}); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/resizable.min.js" id="jquery-ui-resizable-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/draggable.min.js" id="jquery-ui-draggable-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/controlgroup.min.js" id="jquery-ui-controlgroup-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/checkboxradio.min.js" id="jquery-ui-checkboxradio-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/button.min.js" id="jquery-ui-button-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/dialog.min.js" id="jquery-ui-dialog-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="events-manager-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var EM = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","locationajaxurl":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php?action=locations_search","firstDay":"0","locale":"en","dateFormat":"yy-mm-dd","ui_css":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/events-manager\/includes\/css\/jquery-ui\/build.min.css","show24hours":"0","is_ssl":"1","autocomplete_limit":"10","calendar":{"breakpoints":{"small":560,"medium":908,"large":false}},"phone":"","datepicker":{"format":"Y-m-d"},"search":{"breakpoints":{"small":650,"medium":850,"full":false}},"url":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/events-manager","txt_search":"Search","txt_searching":"Searching...","txt_loading":"Loading...","cache":"1","api_nonce":"9382e15201"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/events-manager/includes/js/events-manager.js" id="events-manager-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/events-manager-pro/includes/js/events-manager-pro.js" id="events-manager-pro-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/libs/modernizr.custom.min.js" id="lter-modernizr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/bootstrap.min.js" id="bootstrap-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/menuzord.js" id="menuzord-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/menuzord-setup.js" id="menuzord-setup-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/sticky.js" id="sticky-js"></script> <script></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-json/wp/v2/story_types/1375" /><meta name="generator" content="performance-lab 3.9.0; plugins: "> <script> window.addEventListener("load",function(){ var c={script:false,link:false}; function ls(s) { if(!['script','link'].includes(s)||c[s]){return;}c[s]=true; var d=document,f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s); if(s==='script'){j.async=true;j.src='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/js/frontend.js?v=1.6.14';}else{ j.rel='stylesheet';j.href='https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/css/style.css?v=1.6.14';} f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); }; function ex(){ls('script');ls('link')} window.addEventListener("scroll", ex, {once: true}); if (('IntersectionObserver' in window) && ('IntersectionObserverEntry' in window) && ('intersectionRatio' in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype)) { var i = 0, fb = document.querySelectorAll("[class^='tb-']"), o = new IntersectionObserver(es => { es.forEach(e => { o.unobserve(e.target); if (e.intersectionRatio > 0) { ex();o.disconnect();}else{ i++;if(fb.length>i){o.observe(fb[i])}} }) }); if (fb.length) { o.observe(fb[i]) } } }) </script> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-views/vendor/toolset/blocks/public/css/style.css"> </noscript><meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> /* Welcome to Custom CSS! To learn how this works, see http://wp.me/PEmnE-Bt */ .single-stories.postid-79679 table { table-layout: auto; width: 100%; } .single-stories.postid-79679 th { border: 1px solid gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 10px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; } .single-stories.postid-79679 td { border: 1px solid gray; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 10px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; } .img-holder { padding-bottom: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb; } .wp-block-image figcaption { margin-top: 0; } .button.em-event-add-to-calendar { color: #000; } </style> <noscript><style> .wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript><noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-78052587-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-78052587-1'); </script> </head> <body class="archive tax-story_types term-databits term-1375 user-registration-page wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.9 vc_responsive" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage"> <header id="site-header" class="header" role="banner" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"> <div class="container"> <div id="top-bar"> <ul class="social"> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/" terget="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/uslter" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/USLTER" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i></a></li> </ul> <div class="dropdown"> <button class="dropbtn dropdown-toggle">Quick Links <i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i></button> <div id="myDropdown" class="dropdown-content"> <a href="/site-image-galleries/">Gallery</a> <a href="/directory/">Directory</a> <a href="/lter-document-archive/">Document Archive</a> <a href="/home/lter-network-calendar/">Events</a> <a href="https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/home.jsp">Data Portal</a><a href="/graphic-resources/">Network Graphics</a><a href="https://lternet.edu/wp-admin">Member Login</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="menuzord" class="menuzord ascaero"> <a href="https://lternet.edu" class="menuzord-brand"><img src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/logo.svg" alt="LTER logo" ></a> <nav role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menuzord-menu"><li id="menu-item-45500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45500"><a href="#">The Network</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-86997" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-86997"><a href="https://lternet.discourse.group/">LTER Community Forum</a></li> <li id="menu-item-89890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89890"><a href="https://lternet.edu/directory/">Directory</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87119" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-87119"><a href="https://lternet.edu/about/">About the LTER Network</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-83085" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83085"><a href="/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/LTER_Self_Study_2019-10-04.pdf">2019 Network Self Study</a></li> <li id="menu-item-45504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45504"><a href="https://lternet.edu/vision-mission/">Vision/Mission/Goals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46387" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46387"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/lter-a-history/">History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83604" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83604"><a href="https://lternet.edu/opportunities">LTER-related Opportunities</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-89456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-89456"><a href="https://lternet.edu/lter-calendar/">LTER Events</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-88635" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-88635"><a href="https://lternet.edu/2024-lter-science-council-meeting/">2024 LTER Science Council Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-87192"><a href="/stories/lter-science-council-2023/">2023 Science Council</a></li> <li id="menu-item-85025" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-85025"><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eI9S7kBD_NgK1-WBvoSad4BOqSAEk8_Hyn5cOk-8vYo/edit?usp=sharing">2022 Science Council Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-84083"><a href="https://lternet.edu/2021-science-council-meeting/">2021 Science Council Meeting</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-84485" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84485"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/2021-lter-site-lightning-talks/">Lightning Talk Schedule</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-84084" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-84084"><a href="https://lternet.edu/2022-all-scientists-meeting/">2022 All Scientists’ Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79649" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-79649"><a href="https://lternet.edu/lter-scientists-meeting-2018/">2018 All Scientists’ Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84122" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84122"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/2021-2022-lter-webinar-series/">2021-2022 Webinar Series</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-81329" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-81329"><a href="https://lternet.edu/code-of-conduct/">LTER Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46281" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46281"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/">Network Organization</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-46425" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46425"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/">Network Organization</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46280" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46280"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/network-leadership/">Network Leadership</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84334" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84334"><a href="https://lternet.edu/committees/">Committees</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46286" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46286"><a href="https://lternet.edu/maillists/">Mail Lists</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46272" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46272"><a href="https://lternet.edu/contact-us/">LTER Network Office</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46275" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46275"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/resources/">Resources</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-81615" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-81615"><a href="https://lternet.edu/intranet/">LTER Document Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46287" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46287"><a href="https://lternet.edu/new-to-the-network/">New to the Network</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82395" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-82395"><a href="https://lternet.edu/information-management-resources/">Information Management Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79082" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-79082"><a href="https://lternet.edu/education-resources/">Education Resources</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-82691" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-82691"><a href="https://lternet.edu/remote-teaching/">Remote Teaching Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-79083"><a href="https://lternet.edu/educator-recruitment/">Educator Recruitment </a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-45507" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45507"><a href="https://lternet.edu/network-organization/bp-resources/">Broadening Participation Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46517" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46517"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/">Communication Resources</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-48242" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48242"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/communications/">Role of the LTER Network Office</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48241" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48241"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/communications-planning/">Communications Planning</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48260"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/communications-fundamentals/">Communications Fundamentals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48239" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48239"><a href="https://lternet.edu/twitter-for-scientists/">Twitter for scientists: the tool you never knew you needed</a></li> <li id="menu-item-79142" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-79142"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communication-resources/videos/">Using Video to Communicate Science</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-78273" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-78273"><a href="/site">Sites</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-41603" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-site menu-item-41603"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/">Site Profiles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84431" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-84431"><a href="https://lternet.edu/gallery/lter-site-briefs/">Site Briefs (2019)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-78671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-78671"><a href="https://ucsb.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=bc64a6122a1d41d4a0ed60e36222e6b9">LTER Road Trip</a></li> <li id="menu-item-80027" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-80027"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site-characteristics/">Site Characteristics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-80028" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-80028"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site-contacts/">Site Contacts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-45509" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-45509"><a href="#">Research</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-45514" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-45514"><a href="https://lternet.edu/how-we-work/">How We Work</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48028" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48028"><a href="https://lternet.edu/using-lter-data/">LTER Data Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83408" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83408"><a href="https://lternet.edu/findings">Key Findings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47889"><a href="https://lternet.edu/core-research-areas/">Core Themes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87059" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-87059"><a href="https://lternet.edu/synthesis/">Synthesis</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-90798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-stories menu-item-has-children menu-item-90798"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/rfp-2025/">Request for Synthesis Proposals 2025</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-89275" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89275"><a href="https://lternet.edu/rfp-2024/">Request for Proposals 2024</a></li> <li id="menu-item-90799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-90799"><a href="https://lternet.edu/synthesis-2021/rfp-2022/">Request for Proposals 2022</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-47888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47888"><a href="https://lternet.edu/current-working-groups/">LTER Synthesis Working Groups</a></li> <li id="menu-item-89578" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-89578"><a href="https://lternet.edu/ssecr/">Synthesis Skills for Early Career Researchers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48091" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-48091"><a href="https://lternet.edu/working-groups/">Working Group Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48087" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48087"><a href="https://lternet.edu/synthesis-resources/">Synthesis Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48088" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48088"><a href="https://lternet.edu/guidance-working-group-pis/">Guidance for Working Group PI’s</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-47000" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-47000"><a href="/bibliography">Publications</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-83506" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83506"><a href="/bibliography">Journal Articles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47001" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47001"><a href="https://lternet.edu/reports/">Reports</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47002" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47002"><a href="https://lternet.edu/books/">Books</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47006" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-document-types menu-item-47006"><a href="https://lternet.edu/?taxonomy=document-types&term=annual-reports-network-publications">Annual Reports</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46300" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-46300"><a href="/education-and-training/">Learning</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-46312" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46312"><a href="https://lternet.edu/graduate/">Graduate Education</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-86361" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-86361"><a href="https://lternet.edu/graduate-writing-fellows/">Graduate Writing Fellows</a></li> <li id="menu-item-85737" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-85737"><a href="https://lternet.edu/category/ssalter/">Short Stories About Long-Term Research Blog</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46311" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46311"><a href="https://lternet.edu/education-and-training/undergraduate/">Undergraduate Research Opportunities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47998" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-47998"><a href="https://lternet.edu/k-12-education/">K-12 Education</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-90748" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-90748"><a href="https://lternet.edu/schoolyard-book-series/">Schoolyard Book Series</a></li> <li id="menu-item-90749" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-90749"><a href="https://datanuggets.org/lter/">LTER DataNuggets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-90750" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-90750"><a href="https://lternet.edu/data-jams/">Data Jams</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-88019" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-88019"><a href="https://lternet.edu/authentic-research-experience-for-teachers-lters/">For Teachers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47610" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-47610"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/">Engaging Communities</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-86272" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-86272"><a href="https://lternet.edu/apeal-main/">Science Engagement Project</a></li> <li id="menu-item-81917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-81917"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/lter-arts-sciences/">LTER Arts & Sciences</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48044" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48044"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/community-science/">Community Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46356" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46356"><a href="https://lternet.edu/engaging-communities/site-tours/">Site Tours</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-48041" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48041"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site-activities/">Activities by Site</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46334" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-46334"><a href="#">Using LTER Science</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-78573" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-78573"><a href="https://lternet.edu/using-lter-data/">Finding LTER Data</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46365" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46365"><a href="https://lternet.edu/management-partnerships/">Resource Managers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-46362" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46362"><a href="https://lternet.edu/communities-individuals/">Communities and Individuals</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-46363" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-46363"><a href="https://lternet.edu/scenarios/">Scenarios</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-77897" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-77897"><a href="https://lternet.edu/international/">International</a></li> <li id="menu-item-77900" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-77900"><a href="https://lternet.edu/research-networks/">Related Research Networks</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-78338" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-news-stories current-menu-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-78338"><a href="https://lternet.edu/news-stories/">News</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-78339" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-news-stories menu-item-78339"><a href="https://lternet.edu/news-stories/">LTER in the News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83614" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-83614"><a href="https://us12.campaign-archive.com/home/?u=d7494403ed9d8c97a5479f0d4&id=51157f4ed5">LTER Newsletter Signup</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-83615" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-83615"><a href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/databits/" aria-current="page">DataBits</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-46366" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-46366"><a href="https://lternet.edu/social-media/">Social Media</a> <ul class="dropdown"> <li id="menu-item-89885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-89885"><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/uslter.bsky.social">Blue Sky</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83618" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83618"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/">Instagram</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83620" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83620"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA">YouTube</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83616" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83616"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/uslter">Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83617" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83617"><a href="https://twitter.com/USLTER">Twitter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-83621" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-83621"><a href="https://twitter.com/i/lists/233328733/membersSites%20that%20Tweet">Sites that Tweet</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-89884" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-89884"><a href="https://lternetwork.smugmug.com/">Photo Gallery</a></li> <li id="menu-item-84301" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-84301"><a href="https://lternet.edu/video-homepage/">Video Gallery</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/?s=" class="menu-search-icon"><img src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/images/search-icon.png" /></a><div id="top-search"><form role="search" method="get" id="searchform" class="searchform" action="https://lternet.edu/"> <div> <label for="s" class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</label> <input type="search" id="s" name="s" value="" /> <button type="submit" id="searchsubmit" >Search</button> </div> </form></div></li></ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div>  <script id="mcjs">!function(c,h,i,m,p){m=c.createElement(h),p=c.getElementsByTagName(h)[0],m.async=1,m.src=i,p.parentNode.insertBefore(m,p)}(document,"script","https://chimpstatic.com/mcjs-connected/js/users/d7494403ed9d8c97a5479f0d4/5826af4aec64e5ead2175119e.js");</script> </header> <div id="main">  <section> <div class = row style="background-color:rgb(74,178,203); padding-top:15px; padding-bottom: 10px"> <div id = "blank left" class = "col-md-1"> </div> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-5" style="padding-top: 2vh; padding-bottom: 15px"> <img src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Artboard-1@2x-e1651703059276.png" </img> </div> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-5"> <h1 style = "color:rgb(255,255,255)"> DataBits Newsletter </h1> <p> Since 1989 the information managers of the LTER Network have maintained a bi-annual newsletter that documents information management news, resources, and developments. The full newsletter archive is posted below, alongside new stories posted after 2019. Subscribe to DataBits and other LTER newsletters, or subscribe to our feed of DataBits articles, via the buttons below.</p> </p> <a href="https://lternet.us12.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=d7494403ed9d8c97a5479f0d4&id=51157f4ed5" class = "button"> Newsletter sign up </a> <a href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/databits/feed/" class = "button" > RSS Feed</a> </div> </div> </section> <div id="content" style="align:center"> <div class="row"> <div id = "blank left" class = "col-md-2"> </div> <div id="main-content" class="col-md-8" role="main" itemscope itemprop="mainContentOfPage" itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog"> <header class="entry-header article-header"> <h3 class="h2 entry-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/databits-conventional-commits/" rel="bookmark" title="DataBits: Conventional Commits">DataBits: Conventional Commits</a></h3> <p class="byline entry-meta vcard"> Posted <time class="updated entry-time" datetime="2024-12-16" itemprop="datePublished">December 16, 2024</time> </p> </header> <section class="cf"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4" style="margin-bottom:25px;"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/Copy-of-Copy-of-databits-header-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"><p>Conventional Commits provide a framework for better commit messages using Git, with a set of standards that relay what kind of code changes occur at each step.</p> </div> </section> </article><div style="clear:both;"></div> <header class="entry-header article-header"> <h3 class="h2 entry-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/enriching-ecological-data-using-annotated-metadata/" rel="bookmark" title="Enriching Ecological Data Using Annotated Metadata ">Enriching Ecological Data Using Annotated Metadata </a></h3> <p class="byline entry-meta vcard"> Posted <time class="updated entry-time" datetime="2024-07-26" itemprop="datePublished">July 26, 2024</time> </p> </header> <section class="cf"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4" style="margin-bottom:25px;"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/Copy-of-databits-header-1-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"><p><annotation> in EML lets datasets link descriptions to universal measurements or ideas—think coordinating all the forms of “milligrams per liter”. </p> </div> </section> </article><div style="clear:both;"></div> <header class="entry-header article-header"> <h3 class="h2 entry-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/importance-and-unanticipated-use-of-biological-collections-in-long-term-ecological-research/" rel="bookmark" title="Importance and Unanticipated Use of Biological Collections in Long-Term Ecological Research">Importance and Unanticipated Use of Biological Collections in Long-Term Ecological Research</a></h3> <p class="byline entry-meta vcard"> Posted <time class="updated entry-time" datetime="2024-05-15" itemprop="datePublished">May 15, 2024</time> </p> </header> <section class="cf"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4" style="margin-bottom:25px;"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/Copy-of-Santa-Barbara-Coastal-LTER-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"><p>Biological collections are a valuable resource to long-term sites, but logistically challenging to maintain. The authors present an argument for supporting biological collections across sites.</p> </div> </section> </article><div style="clear:both;"></div> <header class="entry-header article-header"> <h3 class="h2 entry-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/announcing-ltertools-an-r-package-by-and-for-the-lter-community/" rel="bookmark" title="Announcing ltertools: An R Package By and For the LTER Community">Announcing ltertools: An R Package By and For the LTER Community</a></h3> <p class="byline entry-meta vcard"> Posted <time class="updated entry-time" datetime="2024-05-09" itemprop="datePublished">May 9, 2024</time> </p> </header> <section class="cf"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4" style="margin-bottom:25px;"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/Copy-of-databits-header-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"><p>The LTER Network Office is proud to announce a new R package: ltertools!</p> </div> </section> </article><div style="clear:both;"></div> <header class="entry-header article-header"> <h3 class="h2 entry-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/databits-experimenting-with-lorawan-for-sensor-data/" rel="bookmark" title="DataBits: Experimenting with LoRaWAN for Sensor Data">DataBits: Experimenting with LoRaWAN for Sensor Data</a></h3> <p class="byline entry-meta vcard"> Posted <time class="updated entry-time" datetime="2023-03-07" itemprop="datePublished">March 7, 2023</time> </p> </header> <section class="cf"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4" style="margin-bottom:25px;"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Lorafig1-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"><p>LoRa is a digital radio technology designed for Internet of Things (IOT) applications. Here’s a tech test by John Porter.</p> </div> </section> </article><div style="clear:both;"></div> <header class="entry-header article-header"> <h3 class="h2 entry-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/databits-through-the-years/" rel="bookmark" title="DataBits Through the Years">DataBits Through the Years</a></h3> <p class="byline entry-meta vcard"> Posted <time class="updated entry-time" datetime="2022-11-15" itemprop="datePublished">November 15, 2022</time> </p> </header> <section class="cf"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4" style="margin-bottom:25px;"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-400x300.png 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-300x225.png 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-125x94.png 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-768x576.png 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-533x400.png 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-267x200.png 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-133x100.png 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-109x82.png 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-67x50.png 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01-40x30.png 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/databits-01.png 1667w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"><p>This 30 year retrospective highlights how data management at the LTER has grown, pulling funny and interesting anecdotes for us to enjoy.</p> </div> </section> </article><div style="clear:both;"></div> <header class="entry-header article-header"> <h3 class="h2 entry-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/aws-lightsail-with-rstudio-server/" rel="bookmark" title="DataBits: AWS Lightsail with RStudio Server">DataBits: AWS Lightsail with RStudio Server</a></h3> <p class="byline entry-meta vcard"> Posted <time class="updated entry-time" datetime="2022-08-19" itemprop="datePublished">August 19, 2022</time> </p> </header> <section class="cf"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4" style="margin-bottom:25px;"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-400x300.png 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-300x225.png 300w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-125x94.png 125w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-768x576.png 768w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-1536x1152.png 1536w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-533x400.png 533w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-267x200.png 267w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-133x100.png 133w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-109x82.png 109w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-67x50.png 67w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo-40x30.png 40w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/aws-logo.png 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"><p>Large GIS operations often stretch personal computers, but don’t require supercomputers. Here’s a way to run them via a remote server.</p> </div> </section> </article><div style="clear:both;"></div> <header class="entry-header article-header"> <h3 class="h2 entry-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/using-the-lterhub-directory-api-to-perform-site-tasks/" rel="bookmark" title="Using the LTERHub Directory API to Perform Site Tasks">Using the LTERHub Directory API to Perform Site Tasks</a></h3> <p class="byline entry-meta vcard"> Posted <time class="updated entry-time" datetime="2022-04-13" itemprop="datePublished">April 13, 2022</time> </p> </header> <section class="cf"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4" style="margin-bottom:25px;"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screen-Shot-2022-04-13-at-2.05.05-PM-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="screenshot of LTERHubhomepage" decoding="async" srcset="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screen-Shot-2022-04-13-at-2.05.05-PM-400x300.png 400w, https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Screen-Shot-2022-04-13-at-2.05.05-PM-38x30.png 38w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"><p>John Porter walks through how to take full advantage of the LTERHub API, which taps into powerful directory functionality.</p> </div> </section> </article><div style="clear:both;"></div> <header class="entry-header article-header"> <h3 class="h2 entry-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/arduino-vs-raspberry-pi-a-makers-guide-to-environmental-sensors/" rel="bookmark" title="Arduino vs Raspberry Pi: A Maker’s Guide to Environmental Sensors">Arduino vs Raspberry Pi: A Maker’s Guide to Environmental Sensors</a></h3> <p class="byline entry-meta vcard"> Posted <time class="updated entry-time" datetime="2022-03-01" itemprop="datePublished">March 1, 2022</time> </p> </header> <section class="cf"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4" style="margin-bottom:25px;"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/sensor_pic1-400x300.png" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"><p>Ever want to make your own ecological sensor? This guide by Mark Gahler will help you get started in the right direction.</p> </div> </section> </article><div style="clear:both;"></div> <header class="entry-header article-header"> <h3 class="h2 entry-title"><a href="https://lternet.edu/stories/reasons-to-archive-and-share-data/" rel="bookmark" title="Reasons to Archive and Share Data">Reasons to Archive and Share Data</a></h3> <p class="byline entry-meta vcard"> Posted <time class="updated entry-time" datetime="2022-02-24" itemprop="datePublished">February 24, 2022</time> </p> </header> <section class="cf"> <div class="finding-thumb col-sm-4" style="margin-bottom:25px;"><img width="400" height="300" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Untitled-design-400x300.jpg" class="attachment-key-finding-thumb-small size-key-finding-thumb-small wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" /></div> <div class="finding-content col-sm-8"><p>John Porter and An Nguyen, with the LTER Information Managers, outline 8 reasons to archive and share data supported by the literature. </p> </div> </section> </article><div style="clear:both;"></div> <nav class="pagination"><ul class='page-numbers'> <li><span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/databits/page/2/">2</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/databits/page/3/">3</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/databits/page/4/">4</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/databits/page/5/">5</a></li> <li><a class="page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/databits/page/6/">6</a></li> <li><a class="next page-numbers" href="https://lternet.edu/story_types/databits/page/2/">→</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer" role="contentinfo" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPFooter"> <div class="container"> <nav role="navigation"> <div id="footer-nav"> <a href="/home/lter-network-calendar/">Events</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/intranet">Document Archive</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/directory">People</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/bibliography">Publications</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/opportunities">Opportunities</a> <span class="divider">•</span> <a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a></div> </nav> <div id="copy"> © 2025 LTER. Managed by <span class="hilite"><a href="https://lternet.edu/site/lter-network-office-home/">LTER Network Office</a></span>, NCEAS, UCSB, 1021 Anacapa Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101<br> Except where otherwise noted, material may be re-used under a <span class="hilite"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">Creative Commons BY-SA 4.0 license</a></span>. </div> <div id="nsf"> <img src="/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/NSF_4-Color-150x100-1.png"> <p>This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DEB#1545288, 10/1/2015-9/30/19 and DEB#1929393, 09/01/2019-08/31/2024. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in the material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.</p> </div> <div> <div id="footer-bottom"><a href="https://lternet.edu/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> | <a href="https://lternet.edu/feedback">Feedback</a></div><div id="credit">Created by <a href="http://ndic.com">NDIC</a></div> <ul class="social"> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/lter_community/" terget="_blank"><i class="fa fa-instagram"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/uslter" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/USLTER" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsyi2-kL_cTcm6FOnek-bRA" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer>  <script type="text/javascript"> var sbiajaxurl = "https://lternet.edu/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/layouts/resources/js/ddl-tabs-cell-frontend.js" id="ddl-tabs-scripts-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/underscore.min.js" id="underscore-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/suggest.min.js" id="suggest-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/toolset-forms/js/main.js" id="wptoolset-forms-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wptoolset-field-date-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wptDateData = {"buttonImage":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/cred-frontend-editor\/vendor\/toolset\/toolset-common\/toolset-forms\/images\/calendar.gif","buttonText":"Select date","dateFormat":"MM d, yy","dateFormatPhp":"F j, Y","dateFormatNote":"Input format: F j, Y","yearMin":"1583","yearMax":"3000","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","readonly":"This is a read-only date input","readonly_image":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/cred-frontend-editor\/vendor\/toolset\/toolset-common\/toolset-forms\/images\/calendar-readonly.gif","datepicker_style_url":"https:\/\/lternet.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/cred-frontend-editor\/vendor\/toolset\/toolset-common\/toolset-forms\/css\/wpt-jquery-ui\/jquery-ui-1.11.4.custom.css"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/cred-frontend-editor/vendor/toolset/toolset-common/toolset-forms/js/date.js" id="wptoolset-field-date-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/themes/ndic/library/js/scripts.js" id="lter-js-js"></script> <script></script><script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script><script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://lternet.edu/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/lazyload/17.8.3/lazyload.min.js"></script> </body> </html>