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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="ഈ ഐ.പി. വിലാസത്തിൽനിന്നുള്ള തിരുത്തലുകളെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള സം‌വാദം [n]" accesskey="n"><span>സംവാദം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-കുറിപ്പുകൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#കുറിപ്പുകൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>കുറിപ്പുകൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-കുറിപ്പുകൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-അവലംബം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#അവലംബം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>അവലംബം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അവലംബം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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Available in 88 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joroeba" title="Joroeba – ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Joroeba" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ആഫ്രിക്കാൻസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="لغة يوربا – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة يوربا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اليوروبيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليوروبيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_yoruba" title="Idioma yoruba – അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma yoruba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="അസ്ട്ടൂരിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_dili" title="Yoruba dili – അസർബൈജാനി" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yoruba dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="അസർബൈജാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Ёруба (мова) – ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ёруба (мова)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ബെലാറുഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Ёруба (мова) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёруба (мова)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Йорубски език – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йорубски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ইয়োরুবা ভাষা – ബംഗ്ലാ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইয়োরুবা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ബംഗ്ലാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoroubeg" title="Yoroubeg – ബ്രെട്ടൺ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yoroubeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ബ്രെട്ടൺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioruba" title="Ioruba – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ioruba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="زمانی یۆروبا – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی یۆروبا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorub%C5%A1tina" title="Jorubština – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jorubština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5)" title="Йоруба (чĕлхе) – ചുവാഷ്" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йоруба (чĕлхе)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ചുവാഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iorwba_(iaith)" title="Iorwba (iaith) – വെൽഷ്" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iorwba (iaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="വെൽഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_(Sprache)" title="Yoruba (Sprache) – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Yoruba (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1" title="Γλώσσα Γιορούμπα – ഗ്രീക്ക്" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα Γιορούμπα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ഗ്രീക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yoruba language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joruba_lingvo" title="Joruba lingvo – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Joruba lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_yoruba" title="Idioma yoruba – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma yoruba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joruba_keel" title="Joruba keel – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Joruba keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorubera" title="Jorubera – ബാസ്‌ക്" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jorubera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ബാസ്‌ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان یوروبایی – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان یوروبایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language – ഫുല" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Yoruba language" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="ഫുല" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joruban_kieli" title="Joruban kieli – ഫിന്നിഷ്" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Joruban kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ഫിന്നിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_(langue)" title="Yoruba (langue) – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yoruba (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iar%C3%BAibis" title="An Iarúibis – ഐറിഷ്" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Iarúibis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ഐറിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yoruba" title="Lingua yoruba – ഗലീഷ്യൻ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua yoruba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ഗലീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarbanci" title="Yarbanci – ഹൗസ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yarbanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ഹൗസ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba-ng%C3%AE" title="Yoruba-ngî – ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yoruba-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ഹാക്ക ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="योरुबा भाषा – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="योरुबा भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_bhasa" title="Yoruba bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Yoruba bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yoruba" title="Lingua yoruba – ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua yoruba" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ഇന്റർലിംഗ്വ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yoruba" title="Bahasa Yoruba – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Yoruba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Yoruba" title="Asụsụ Yoruba – ഇഗ്ബോ" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Yoruba" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ഇഗ്ബോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Yoruba" title="Pagsasao a Yoruba – ഇലോകോ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Yoruba" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ഇലോകോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_yoruba" title="Lingua yoruba – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua yoruba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E8%AA%9E" title="ヨルバ語 – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨルバ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90)" title="იორუბა (ენა) – ജോർജിയൻ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იორუბა (ენა)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ജോർജിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%CA%8Ar%CA%8Aba_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Yʊrʊba kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1ghwangkpang_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="A̱ghwangkpang (a̱lyem) – ട്യാപ്" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱ghwangkpang (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="ട്യാപ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EB%A3%A8%EB%B0%94%EC%96%B4" title="요루바어 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요루바어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Йоруба (кыв) – കോമി" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Йоруба (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="കോമി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorub%C3%A1" title="Yorubá – ലിംഗാല" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Yorubá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ലിംഗാല" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorub%C5%B3_kalba" title="Jorubų kalba – ലിത്വാനിയൻ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jorubų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ലിത്വാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorubu_valoda" title="Jorubu valoda – ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jorubu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ലാറ്റ്വിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_i%C3%B4roba" title="Fiteny iôroba – മലഗാസി" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny iôroba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="മലഗാസി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Јоруба (јазик) – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јоруба (јазик)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="योरुबा भाषा – മറാത്തി" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="योरुबा भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="മറാത്തി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="یوروبایی – മസന്ററാനി" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="یوروبایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="മസന്ററാനി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_(taal)" title="Yoruba (taal) – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yoruba (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joruba" title="Joruba – നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Joruba" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ നൈനോർക്‌സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joruba_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Joruba (språk) – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Joruba (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioroba" title="Ioroba – ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ioroba" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ഓക്‌സിറ്റൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%C3%A6_(%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3)" title="Йорубæ (æвзаг) – ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Йорубæ (æвзаг)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ഒസ്സെറ്റിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_Langwej" title="Yoruba Langwej – നൈജീരിയൻ പിഡ്‌ഗിൻ" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Yoruba Langwej" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="നൈജീരിയൻ പിഡ്‌ഗിൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_joruba" title="Język joruba – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język joruba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Yoruba" title="Lenga Yoruba – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Yoruba" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="یوروبا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یوروبا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="يوروبايي ژبه – പഷ്‌തോ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يوروبايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="പഷ്‌തോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_iorub%C3%A1" title="Língua iorubá – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua iorubá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_simi" title="Yoruba simi – ക്വെച്ചുവ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yoruba simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ക്വെച്ചുവ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_yoruba" title="Limba yoruba – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba yoruba" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Йоруба (язык) – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Йоруба (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱭᱳᱨᱩᱵᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – സന്താലി" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱭᱳᱨᱩᱵᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="സന്താലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_leid" title="Yoruba leid – സ്കോട്സ്" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yoruba leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="സ്കോട്സ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joruba_jezik" title="Joruba jezik – സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Joruba jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="സെർബോ-ക്രൊയേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_language" title="Yoruba language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yoruba language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Јоруба (језик) – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јоруба (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Yoruba (språk) – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yoruba (språk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyoruba" title="Kiyoruba – സ്വാഹിലി" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiyoruba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="സ്വാഹിലി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="யொரூபா மொழி – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யொரூபா மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Yoruba" title="Wikang Yoruba – തഗാലോഗ്" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Yoruba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="തഗാലോഗ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorubaca" title="Yorubaca – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yorubaca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Йоруба теле – ടാട്ടർ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Йоруба теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ടാട്ടർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%95" title="يورۇباچە – ഉയ്ഘുർ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يورۇباچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ഉയ്ഘുർ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Йоруба (мова) – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йоруба (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="یوربائی زبان – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوربائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_tili" title="Yoruba tili – ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yoruba tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ഉസ്‌ബെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Yoruba" title="Tiếng Yoruba – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Yoruba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorouba" title="Yorouba – വല്ലൂൺ" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Yorouba" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="വല്ലൂൺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="约鲁巴语 – വു ചൈനീസ്" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约鲁巴语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="വു ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90)" title="იორუბა (ნინა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იორუბა (ნინა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Yor%C3%B9b%C3%A1" title="Èdè Yorùbá – യൊറൂബാ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Yorùbá" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="യൊറൂബാ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="约鲁巴语 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约鲁巴语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba-g%C3%AD" title="Yoruba-gí – മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yoruba-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="മിൻ നാൻ ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E9%AD%AF%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%87" title="優魯巴文 – കാന്റണീസ്" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="優魯巴文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="കാന്റണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiYoruba" title="IsiYoruba – സുലു" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiYoruba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="സുലു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34311#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="നാമമേഖലകൾ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="വിവരദായക താൾ കാണുക [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ലേഖനം</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ദർശനീയത"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7"><span>വായിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7&action=edit" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ മൂലരൂപം തിരുത്തുക [e]" accesskey="e"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഈ താളിലേക്കു കണ്ണിയാൽ ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്ന എല്ലാ വിക്കി താളുകളുടേയും പട്ടിക. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ഈ താളിലേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" rel="nofollow" title="താളുകളിലെ പുതിയ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>അനുബന്ധ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/വിക്കിപീഡിയ:അപ്‌ലോഡ്" title="പ്രമാണങ്ങൾ അപ്‌ലോഡ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82&page=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7&id=3799895&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ഈ താളിനെ എങ്ങനെ അവലംബിതമാക്കാം എന്ന വിവരങ്ങൾ"><span>ഈ താൾ ഉദ്ധരിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fml.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%258A%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%2582%25E0%25B4%25AC_%25E0%25B4%25AD%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B7"><span>ചെറുതാക്കിയ യൂ.ആർ.എൽ. ലഭ്യമാക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fml.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%258A%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%2582%25E0%25B4%25AC_%25E0%25B4%25AD%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B7"><span>ക്യൂആർ കോഡ് ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> അച്ചടിയ്ക്കുക/കയറ്റുമതി ചെയ്യുക </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7"><span>പുസ്തകം സൃഷ്ടിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ആയി ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7&printable=yes" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ അച്ചടി രൂപം [p]" accesskey="p"><span>അച്ചടിരൂപം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ഇതരപദ്ധതികളിൽ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yoruba_language" hreflang="en"><span>വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസ്</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4128903">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Yoruba</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Èdè Yorùbá</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">ഉത്ഭവിച്ച ദേശം</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ife&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ife (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Ife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;">സംസാരിക്കുന്ന നരവംശം</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba people</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">മാതൃഭാഷയായി സംസാരിക്കുന്നവർ</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">28 million (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-NE100_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE100-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="wrap"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ഭാഷാകുടുംബം">ഭാഷാകുടുംബം</a></div></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niger–Congo languages (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Niger–Congo</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantic–Congo languages (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Atlantic–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volta%E2%80%93Niger_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volta–Niger languages (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Volta–Niger</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=YEAI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="YEAI (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)"><span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">YEAI</span></span></a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoruboid_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoruboid languages (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Yoruboid</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edekiri_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edekiri languages (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Edekiri</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Yoruba</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="wrap"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ലിപികൾ">ലിപികൾ</a></div></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latin_script&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latin script (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Latin</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoruba_alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoruba alphabet (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Yoruba alphabet</a>)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoruba_Braille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoruba Braille (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Yoruba Braille</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">ഔദ്യോഗിക സ്ഥിതി</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">ഔദ്യോഗിക പദവി</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="നൈജീരിയ">നൈജീരിയ</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">ഭാഷാ കോഡുകൾ</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-1 (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ISO 639-1</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=yo">yo</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-2 (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ISO 639-2</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=496">yor</a></span></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_639-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 639-3 (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/yor" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:yor">yor</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഗ്ലോട്ടോലോഗ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഗ്ലോട്ടോലോഗ്</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/yoru1245">yoru1245</a></code><sup id="cite_ref-Glottolog_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glottolog-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linguasphere_Observatory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linguasphere Observatory (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Linguasphere</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><code>98-AAA-a</code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#ddddff;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Alphabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Phonetic Alphabet (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Replacement_character&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Replacement character (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:IPA" title="സഹായം:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>യൊറൂബ ഭാഷ</b> പടിഞ്ഞാറൻ ആഫ്രിക്കയിൽ പ്രത്യേകിച്ച് നൈജീരിയായിൽ സംസാരിക്കുന്ന ഭാഷയാണ്. യൊറൂബ ഭാഷ സംസാരിക്കുന്നവർ 3 കോടി വരും. ഇത് നജീരിയ കൂടാതെ പശ്ചിമാഫ്രിക്കയുടെ ഇതര ഭാഗമായ, ബെനിൻ, കൂടാതെ അമേരിക്കയിൽ പ്രത്യേഗിച്ച് തെക്കേ അമേരിക്കയിലെ കരീബിയൻ പ്രദേശം, യൂറോപ്പിന്റെ വിവിധഭാഗങ്ങൾ എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിലും ഈ ഭാഷ സംസാരിക്കുന്നവരുണ്ട്. നൈജർ ഡെൽറ്റയിലെ ഭാഷയായ, ഇറ്റ്‌സെക്കിറി, ഇഗാല എന്നിവയുമായി അടുത്ത ബന്ധം ഈ ഭാഷയ്ക്കുണ്ട്. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: See also"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4004481">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0.1em;background:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoruba_numerals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoruba numerals (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Yoruba numerals</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: Notes and references"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="കുറിപ്പുകൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.95.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B1.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>കുറിപ്പുകൾ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: കുറിപ്പുകൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123595">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NE100-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NE100_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationalencyklopedin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nationalencyklopedin (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Nationalencyklopedin</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glottolog-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Glottolog_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123591">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFHammarströmForkelHaspelmath2017" class="citation book cs1">Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yoruba". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glottolog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glottolog (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Glottolog 3.0</a></i>. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yoruba&rft.btitle=Glottolog+3.0&rft.place=Jena%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft.date=2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Cite_book" title="ഫലകം:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|chapterurl=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|chapterurl=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|chapter-url=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="അവലംബം"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.82"></span>അവലംബം</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7&action=edit&section=4" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFAdetugbọ,_Abiọdun1982" class="citation book cs1">Adetugbọ, Abiọdun (1982). "Towards a Yoruba Dialectology". In Afọlayan (ed.). <i>Yoruba Language and Literature</i>. pp. 207–224.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Towards+a+Yoruba+Dialectology&rft.btitle=Yoruba+Language+and+Literature&rft.pages=207-224&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Adetugb%E1%BB%8D%2C+Abi%E1%BB%8Ddun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFAfọlayan,_Adebisi_(ed.)1982" class="citation book cs1">Afọlayan, Adebisi (ed.) (1982). <i>Yoruba language and literature</i>. Ifẹ / Ibadan: University of Ifẹ Press / Ibadan University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoruba+language+and+literature&rft.place=If%E1%BA%B9+%2F+Ibadan&rft.pub=University+of+If%E1%BA%B9+Press+%2F+Ibadan+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Af%E1%BB%8Dlayan%2C+Adebisi+%28ed.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Cite_book" title="ഫലകം:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="സഹായം:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFAjayi,_J.F._Ade1960" class="citation journal cs1">Ajayi, J.F. Ade (1960). "How Yoruba was Reduced to Writing". <i>Odu: A Journal of Yoruba, Ẹdo and Related Studies</i> (8): 49–58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Odu%3A+A+Journal+of+Yoruba%2C+%E1%BA%B8do+and+Related+Studies&rft.atitle=How+Yoruba+was+Reduced+to+Writing&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=49-58&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Ajayi%2C+J.F.+Ade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFBamgboṣe,_Ayọ1965a" class="citation journal cs1">Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1965a). "Assimilation and contraction in Yoruba". <i>Journal of West African Languages</i> (2): 21–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+West+African+Languages&rft.atitle=Assimilation+and+contraction+in+Yoruba&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=21-27&rft.date=1965&rft.au=Bamgbo%E1%B9%A3e%2C+Ay%E1%BB%8D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFBamgboṣe,_Ayọ1965b" class="citation book cs1">Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1965b). <i>Yoruba Orthography</i>. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoruba+Orthography&rft.place=Ibadan&rft.pub=Ibadan+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.au=Bamgbo%E1%B9%A3e%2C+Ay%E1%BB%8D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFBamgboṣe,_Ayọ1969" class="citation book cs1">Bamgboṣe, Ayọ (1969). "Yoruba". In Elizabeth Dunstan (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twelvenigerianla0000duns"><i>Twelve Nigerian Languages</i></a>. New York: Africana Publishing Corp. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twelvenigerianla0000duns/page/166">166</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/0-8419-0031-0" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/0-8419-0031-0"><bdi>0-8419-0031-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yoruba&rft.btitle=Twelve+Nigerian+Languages&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Africana+Publishing+Corp&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-8419-0031-0&rft.au=Bamgbo%E1%B9%A3e%2C+Ay%E1%BB%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwelvenigerianla0000duns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFFagborun,_J._Gbenga1994" class="citation book cs1">Fagborun, J. Gbenga (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Yoruba-Koine-History-Linguistics-Innovations/dp/3929075474/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1297920718&sr=8-1"><i>The Yoruba Koiné – </i>Its History and Linguistic Innovations<i><span></span></i></a>. LINCOM Linguistic Edition vol. 6. München/Newcastle: LINCOM Europe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE/3-929075-47-4" title="പ്രത്യേകം:പുസ്തകസ്രോതസ്സുകൾ/3-929075-47-4"><bdi>3-929075-47-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Yoruba+Koin%C3%A9+%E2%80%93+Its+History+and+Linguistic+Innovations&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen%2FNewcastle&rft.pub=LINCOM+Europe&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=3-929075-47-4&rft.au=Fagborun%2C+J.+Gbenga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FYoruba-Koine-History-Linguistics-Innovations%2Fdp%2F3929075474%2Fref%3Dsr_1_1%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1297920718%26sr%3D8-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFFresco,_Max1970" class="citation book cs1">Fresco, Max (1970). <i>Topics in Yoruba Dialect Phonology</i>. 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Ibadan: Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E1%BB%8Cba+k%C3%B2+so+%28The+king+did+not+hang%29+%26mdash%3B+Opera+by+Duro+Ladip%E1%BB%8D&rft.place=Ibadan&rft.pub=Institute+of+African+Studies%2C+University+of+Ibadan&rft.date=1972&rft.au=Ladip%E1%BB%8D%2C+Duro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Oyètádé, B. Akíntúndé & Buba, Malami (2000) 'Hausa Loan Words in Yorùbá', in Wolff & Gensler (eds.) <i>Proceedings of the 2nd WoCAL, Leipzig 1997</i>, Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 241-260.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFOyenuga,_Soji_www.YorubaForKidsAbroad.com2007" class="citation book cs1">Oyenuga, Soji www.YorubaForKidsAbroad.com (2007). "Yoruba". 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ISBN.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yoruba&rft.btitle=Yoruba+For+Kids+Abroad+-+Learn+Yoruba+In+27+Days&rft.place=Saskatoon%2C+Canada&rft.pages=27+days&rft.pub=Gaptel+Innovative+Solutions+Inc&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Oyenuga%2C+Soji+www.YorubaForKidsAbroad.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC+%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=യൊറൂബ_ഭാഷ&oldid=3799895">https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=യൊറൂബ_ഭാഷ&oldid=3799895</a>" എന്ന താളിൽനിന്ന് ശേഖരിച്ചത്</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="പ്രത്യേകം:വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ">വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" class="mw-redirect" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Articles_citing_Nationalencyklopedin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Articles citing Nationalencyklopedin (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">Articles citing Nationalencyklopedin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Pages_with_empty_portal_template" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Pages with empty portal template">Pages with empty portal template</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors:_generic_name&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="വർഗ്ഗം:CS1 errors: generic name (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">മറഞ്ഞിരിക്കുന്ന വർഗ്ഗങ്ങൾ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter" title="വർഗ്ഗം:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:CS1_errors:_external_links" title="വർഗ്ഗം:CS1 errors: external links">CS1 errors: external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Languages_with_ISO_639-2_code" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Languages with ISO 639-2 code">Languages with ISO 639-2 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Languages_with_ISO_639-1_code" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Languages with ISO 639-1 code">Languages with ISO 639-1 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82:Portal_templates_with_redlinked_portals" title="വർഗ്ഗം:Portal templates with redlinked portals">Portal templates with redlinked portals</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ഈ താൾ അവസാനം തിരുത്തപ്പെട്ടത്: 23:50, 14 ഒക്ടോബർ 2022.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">വിവരങ്ങൾ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">ക്രിയേറ്റീവ് കോമൺസ് ആട്രിബ്യൂഷൻ-ഷെയർഎലൈക്ക് അനുമതിപത്ര</a> പ്രകാരം ലഭ്യമാണ്; 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