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searchaux" style="display:none">Feudal overlord: a lord with no obligations to a higher lord</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Franklin_(class)" title="Franklin (class)">Franklin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yeoman" title="Yeoman">Yeoman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Retinue" title="Retinue">Retinue</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Husbandman" title="Husbandman">Husbandman</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Free_tenant" title="Free tenant">Free tenant</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">Domestic servant</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Vagrancy" title="Vagrancy">Vagabond</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">Serf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Villein" title="Villein">Villein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bordar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bordar">Bordar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cotter_(farmer)" title="Cotter (farmer)">Cottar</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.3em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_medieval_Europe" title="Slavery in medieval Europe">Slave</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Feudal_status" title="Template:Feudal status"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Feudal_status" title="Template talk:Feudal status"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Feudal_status" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Feudal status"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>lord paramount</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Legal_term_of_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal term of art">term of art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Feudal_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal law">feudal law</a> describing an <a href="/wiki/Overlord" title="Overlord">overlord</a> who holds his own <a href="/wiki/Fief" title="Fief">fief</a> from no superior lord. It thus describes a person who holds <a href="/wiki/Allodial_title" title="Allodial title">allodial title</a>, owing no <a href="/wiki/Socage" title="Socage">socage</a> or <a href="/wiki/Feudal_obligations" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal obligations">feudal obligations</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Knight-service" title="Knight-service">military service</a>. This was distinguished from a <a href="/wiki/Mesne_lord" title="Mesne lord">mesne lord</a> who held his own fief from a superior. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Term"></span><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_paramount&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>paramount</i> derives from the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman</a> <span title="Anglo-Norman-language text"><i lang="xno">paramont</i></span> ("up above") or <span title="Anglo-Norman-language text"><i lang="xno">par a mont</i></span> ("atop the <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountain</a>") and was used to indicate the lord who was the highest authority for a given location.<sup id="cite_ref-bob_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bob-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar terminology was used for the <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassals</a> of mesne lords, who were considered "paravail" from <span title="Anglo-Norman-language text"><i lang="xno">par a val</i></span> ("in the <a href="/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">valley</a>"). This latter term, however, was confused by later lawyers with "avail" in its senses of help, assistance, and profit and was eventually applied only to the actual occupiers or <a href="/wiki/Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">tenants</a> who worked the land themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vassal of a lord paramount, meanwhile, was a <a href="/wiki/Tenant-in-chief" title="Tenant-in-chief">tenant-in-chief</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instances">Instances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_paramount&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Instances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generally speaking, under <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English law</a> after the 1066 <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a>, only the <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a>—the <a href="/wiki/King_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="King of England">king</a> or <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of England">queen</a>—was truly lord paramount in its larger sense. All other <a href="/wiki/Legal_title" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal title">legal title</a> to land was held through them, particularly after the abolition of most unusual feudal titles and obligations under the 1660 <a href="/wiki/Tenures_Abolition_Act_1660" title="Tenures Abolition Act 1660">Statute of Tenures</a>. The only major exception—continuing to the present day—is the protection of the privileges of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Cornwall" title="Duke of Cornwall">duke of Cornwall</a> as lord paramount over Cornish lands.<sup id="cite_ref-hosking_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hosking-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar situation exists regarding the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Duchy of Lancaster">Duchy of Lancaster</a> but is purely notional, the duchy being held in permanent <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> with the Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-hosking_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hosking-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nonetheless, the term does appear in some other contexts. The <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Exeter" title="Marquess of Exeter">marquess of Exeter</a> holds the title of hereditary Lord Paramount of <a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a>. The peculiar way in which the <a href="/wiki/Feudal_baron" title="Feudal baron">baron</a> holding the <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Bowland" title="Lordship of Bowland">Lordship of Bowland</a> oversaw himself—some of his estates notionally owing service to others—has also been described in terms of paramouncy and obligation. (The situation was rendered still more academic when it was subsumed first into the <a href="/wiki/Earldom_of_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Earldom of Lancaster">Earldom of Lancaster</a> in 1311 and then into the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Duchy of Lancaster">Duchy of Lancaster</a> as an estate held by the <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">Crown</a> in 1351, which gave rise to the title of "Lord King of Bowland".)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title is also sometimes broadly applied to any <a href="/wiki/Overlord" title="Overlord">overlord</a>. </p><p>The concept continued to be invoked in other <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> jurisdictions, including <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> in the 1852 case of <i>De Peyster v. Michael</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> in the 1992 case of <i><a href="/wiki/Mabo_v_Queensland_(No_2)" title="Mabo v Queensland (No 2)">Mabo v Queensland</a></i>. In the latter case, the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court</a> affirmed that <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> was lord paramount over all formal <a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">land tenure</a> in Australia while simultaneously establishing the concept of a <a href="/wiki/Native_title_in_Australia" title="Native title in Australia">native title</a> over areas not explicitly legally held by others and continuously occupied by <a href="/wiki/Australian_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian aborigines">aboriginal people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_paramount&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allodial_title" title="Allodial title">Allodial title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escheat" title="Escheat">Escheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesne_lord" title="Mesne lord">Mesne lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_title_in_Australia" title="Native title in Australia">Native title in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overlord" title="Overlord">Overlord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seignory" title="Seignory">Seignory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quia_Emptores" title="Quia Emptores">Quia Emptores</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenures_Abolition_Act_1660" title="Tenures Abolition Act 1660">Tenures Abolition Act 1660</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_paramount&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bob-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bob_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Paramount is a word used in our law, signifying the highest lord of the fee, of lands, tenements or hereditaments."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacob1726351_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacob1726351-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_paramount&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_paramount&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacob1726351-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacob1726351_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacob1726">Jacob (1726)</a>, p. 351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSearle2002" class="citation book cs1">Searle, William (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NscKQr-aqNIC"><i>An Historical Introduction to the Land Law</i></a>. The Lawbook Exchange. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NscKQr-aqNIC&pg=PA105">105–107</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781584772620" title="Special:BookSources/9781584772620"><bdi>9781584772620</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Historical+Introduction+to+the+Land+Law&rft.pages=105-107&rft.pub=The+Lawbook+Exchange&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781584772620&rft.aulast=Searle&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNscKQr-aqNIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+paramount" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hosking-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hosking_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hosking_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHosking2011" class="citation cs2">Hosking, Philip (January 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmpolcon/734/734vw07.htm"><i>Constitutional Implications of the Cabinet Manual—Political and Constitutional Reform Committee</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Implications+of+the+Cabinet+Manual%E2%80%94Political+and+Constitutional+Reform+Committee&rft.date=2011-01&rft.aulast=Hosking&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm201011%2Fcmselect%2Fcmpolcon%2F734%2F734vw07.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+paramount" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711021155/http://www.forestofbowland.com/files/uploads/Escutcheon.pdf"><i>Cambridge History of the Lordship of Bowland</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, 2011, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forestofbowland.com/files/uploads/Escutcheon.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 July 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+the+Lordship+of+Bowland&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forestofbowland.com%2Ffiles%2Fuploads%2FEscutcheon.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+paramount" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">6 NY 467, quoted in 28 Am. Jur. 2nd, Estates, §§ 3 & 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Mabo_v_Queensland_(No_2)" title="Mabo v Queensland (No 2)">Mabo v Queensland (No 2)</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1992/23.html">[1992] HCA 23</a>, (1992) 175 <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Law_Reports" title="Commonwealth Law Reports">CLR</a> 1 per <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Brennan" title="Gerard Brennan">Brennan J</a> para.51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavison,_Hirst_and_Macintyre" class="citation book cs1">Davison, Graeme; <a href="/wiki/John_Hirst_(historian)" title="John Hirst (historian)">Hirst, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Macintyre" title="Stuart Macintyre">Macintyre, Stuart</a> (1998). <i>The Oxford Companion to Australian History</i>. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-553597-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-553597-9"><bdi>0-19-553597-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Australian+History&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-19-553597-9&rft.au=Davison%2C+Graeme&rft.au=Hirst%2C+John&rft.au=Macintyre%2C+Stuart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+paramount" class="Z3988"></span>, pp. 5–7, 402.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_paramount&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Paramount" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Paramount">Paramount</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 766.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Paramount&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=766&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+paramount" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob1726" class="citation cs2">Jacob, Giles (1726), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fXBZAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Common Law Common-Placed</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Common+Law+Common-Placed&rft.date=1726&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Giles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfXBZAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALord+paramount" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_paramount&oldid=1232023725">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_paramount&oldid=1232023725</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Common_law_legal_terminology" title="Category:Common law legal terminology">Common law legal terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feudalism_in_England" title="Category:Feudalism in England">Feudalism in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Land_tenure" title="Category:Land tenure">Land tenure</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lords_of_the_Manor" title="Category:Lords of the Manor">Lords of the Manor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Monarchy" title="Category:Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Noble_titles" title="Category:Noble titles">Noble titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Titles_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Titles in the United Kingdom">Titles in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2024">Use dmy dates from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Anglo-Norman-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Anglo-Norman-language text">Articles containing Anglo-Norman-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 July 2024, at 14:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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