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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Menelik+II" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Menelik+II" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Menelik II</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 49 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B3%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%8A_%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%92%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AD" title="ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዳግማዊ ምኒልክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="منليك الثاني – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منليك الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ایکینجی منلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی منلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_II" title="Менелік II – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Менелік II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II_d%27Eti%C3%B2pia" title="Menelik II d'Etiòpia – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Menelik II d'Etiòpia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II." title="Menelik II. – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Menelik II." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II." title="Menelik II. – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Menelik II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BA_%CE%92%CE%84" title="Μενελίκ Β΄ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μενελίκ Β΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meneliko_la_2-a_(Etiopio)" title="Meneliko la 2-a (Etiopio) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Meneliko la 2-a (Etiopio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II.a" title="Menelik II.a – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Menelik II.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="منلیک دوم – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منلیک دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="medal"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%84%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%81%AC_2%EC%84%B8" title="메넬리크 2세 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메넬리크 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II." title="Menelik II. – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Menelik II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II_dari_Etiopia" title="Menelik II dari Etiopia – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Menelik II dari Etiopia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_2." title="Menelik 2. – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Menelik 2." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="מנליק השני, קיסר אתיופיה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנליק השני, קיסר אתיופיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II." title="Menelik II. – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Menelik II." data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Menelik_eti%C3%B3p_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="II. Menelik etióp császár – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Menelik etióp császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95" title="दुसरा मेनेलेक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दुसरा मेनेलेक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="منليك التانى – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منليك التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF2%E4%B8%96" title="メネリク2世 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メネリク2世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%A1%DF%A3%DF%8B%DF%9F%DF%8C%DF%9E_%DF%82%DF%B2" title="ߡߣߋߟߌߞ ߂߲ – n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߡߣߋߟߌߞ ߂߲" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II." title="Menelik II. – północnofryzyjski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Menelik II." data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="północnofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II_av_Etiopia" title="Menelik II av Etiopia – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Menelik II av Etiopia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelique_II" title="Menelique II – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Menelique II" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_al_II-lea" title="Menelik al II-lea – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Menelik al II-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_II" title="Менелик II – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Менелик II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II." title="Menelik II. – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Menelik II." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_II" title="Менелик II – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Менелик II" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Menelik" title="II. Menelik – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Menelik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_II" title="Менелік II – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Менелік II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Menelik II" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%B0%BC%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="孟尼利克二世 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="孟尼利克二世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q244748#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Menelik_II&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Menelik_II"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Menelik_II"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Menelik_II" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Menelik_II" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&oldid=73168596" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Menelik_II&id=73168596&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMenelik_II"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMenelik_II"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Menelik+II"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Menelik_II&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Menelik_II_of_Ethiopia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q244748" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><div class="metadata plainlinks mbox mbox-content" tabindex="0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r75298054">.mw-parser-output .mbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-left:10px solid var(--color-progressive,#36c);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 10%0.5em 10%;display:grid;padding:.3em;gap:.3em;grid-template-columns:60px 1fr;align-items:center;word-break:break-word}.mw-parser-output .mbox.with-iconright{grid-template-columns:60px 1fr min-content}.mw-parser-output .mbox.without-icon{grid-template-columns:1fr}.mw-parser-output .mbox-iconright,.mw-parser-output .mbox-icon{justify-self:center}.mw-parser-output .mbox-icon img{max-width:100%;object-fit:contain}.mw-parser-output .mbox p{font-size:inherit}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mbox{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}@media(max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .mbox{width:100%}}@media(max-width:450px){.mw-parser-output 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Jako pozbawione źródeł mogą zostać zakwestionowane i usunięte.</small><br /><small><i>Sprawdź w źródłach:</i> <span class="plainlinks"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/szukaj/Menelik+II.html">Encyklopedia PWN</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22Menelik+II%22">Google Books</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Menelik+II%22">Google Scholar</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fbc.pionier.net.pl/search#fq={!tag=dcterms_accessRights}dcterms_accessRights%3A%22Dost%C4%99p%20otwarty%22&q=%22Menelik+II%22">Federacja Bibliotek Cyfrowych</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bazhum.muzhp.pl/artykul/lista/?generalQuery=%22Menelik+II%22">BazHum</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/search/page.action?qt=SEARCH&q=c_0language_0eq.all*sc.article*c_0keywords_0eq.Menelik+II*l_0*c_0fulltext_0eq.all">BazTech</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/results?q=%22Menelik+II%22&action=SimpleSearchAction&type=-6&p=0">RCIN</a> • Internet Archive (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/texts?query=%22Menelik+II%22">texts</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inlibrary?query=%22Menelik+II%22">inlibrary</a>)</span></small><br /><span style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size:80%"> Po wyeliminowaniu niedoskonałości należy usunąć szablon <a href="/wiki/Szablon:Dopracowa%C4%87" title="Szablon:Dopracować">{{Dopracować}}</a> z tego artykułu.</span></div></div> </div> <table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Menelik II</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Menelik_2_ethiopia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Menelik_2_ethiopia.jpg/201px-Menelik_2_ethiopia.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Menelik_2_ethiopia.jpg/301px-Menelik_2_ethiopia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Menelik_2_ethiopia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="404" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ddd; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adcy_Etiopii" title="Władcy Etiopii">Cesarz Etiopii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okres </th> <td> <p>od <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a><br />do <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Poprzednik </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Jan_IV_Kassa" title="Jan IV Kassa">Jan IV Kassa</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Następca </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Lij_Yasu_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Lij Yasu V">Lij Yasu V</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ddd; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">Dane biograficzne </td></tr> <tr> <th>Dynastia </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_salomo%C5%84ska" title="Dynastia salomońska">salomońska</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/17_sierpnia" title="17 sierpnia">17 sierpnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Ankober" title="Ankober">Ankober</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/12_grudnia" title="12 grudnia">12 grudnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abeba</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ojciec </th> <td> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hajle_Menekot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hajle Menekot (strona nie istnieje)">Hajle Menekot</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; spacing:0px; padding:0px; height:0px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ddd; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">Odznaczenia </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_Salomona" title="Order Salomona"><img alt="Order Salomona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png/40px-ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png/60px-ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png/80px-ETH_Order_of_Solomon_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_Gwiazdy_Etiopii" title="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Gwiazdy Etiopii"><img alt="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Gwiazdy Etiopii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/ETH_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ethiopia_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/40px-ETH_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ethiopia_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/ETH_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ethiopia_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/60px-ETH_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ethiopia_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/ETH_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ethiopia_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png/80px-ETH_Order_of_the_Star_of_Ethiopia_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_%C5%81a%C5%BAni" title="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Łaźni (Wielka Brytania)"><img alt="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Łaźni (Wielka Brytania)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/40px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/60px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg/80px-Order_of_the_Bath_UK_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_%C5%9Bw._Micha%C5%82a_i_%C5%9Bw._Jerzego" title="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Św. Michała i Św. Jerzego (Wielka Brytania)"><img alt="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Św. Michała i Św. Jerzego (Wielka Brytania)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/40px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/60px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg/80px-UK_Order_St-Michael_St-George_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tego_Stefana" title="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Świętego Stefana"><img alt="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Świętego Stefana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg/40px-Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg/60px-Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg/80px-Order_of_Saint_Stephen_of_Hungary_-_Ribbon_bar_Grand-Cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Menelik_II_of_Ethiopia" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Menelik_II_of_Ethiopia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Menelik II of Ethiopia">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Menelik II</b>, właśc. <b>Sahle Marjam</b> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_amharski" title="Język amharski">amh.</a> ደግማዊ ምኒልክ, <i>dägmawi Menilek</i>) (ur. <a href="/wiki/17_sierpnia" title="17 sierpnia">17 sierpnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a> w <a href="/wiki/Ankober" title="Ankober">Ankober</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/12_grudnia" title="12 grudnia">12 grudnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1913" title="1913">1913</a> w <a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abebie</a>) – cesarz etiopski w latach 1889–1913, odznaczony <a href="/wiki/Order_Salomona" title="Order Salomona">Orderem Salomona</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jako potomek dynastii salomońskiej (według legendy pochodzącej od starożytnego króla <a href="/wiki/Salomon_(kr%C3%B3l_Izraela)" title="Salomon (król Izraela)">Salomona</a> i <a href="/wiki/Makeda" title="Makeda">królowej Saby</a>) po śmierci w 1855 swojego ojca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hajle_Melekot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hajle Melekot (strona nie istnieje)">Hajle Melekota</a> króla Szeua uwięziony przez cesarza <a href="/wiki/Teodor_II_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Teodor II (cesarz Etiopii)">Teodora II</a> (Tewodrosa). Po ucieczce z niewoli rozpoczął jako władca <a href="/wiki/Szeua" title="Szeua">Szeua</a> (od 1865) starania o zdobycie tronu etiopskiego. Po samobójstwie Teodora II w 1868 i po zajęciu <a href="/wiki/Amba_Marjam" title="Amba Marjam">Mekdeli</a> przez brytyjskie wojska ekspedycyjne kontynuował walkę z jego następcą <a href="/wiki/Jan_IV_Kassa" title="Jan IV Kassa">Janem IV</a> (Johannesem). Jan IV zginął w 1889 w bitwie pod <a href="/wiki/Al-Kallabat" title="Al-Kallabat">Al-Kallabat</a> podczas wojny z <a href="/wiki/Derwisz" title="Derwisz">derwiszami</a>. Po śmierci Jana IV został wybrany 4 listopada 1889 przez Etiopskie Zgromadzenie Szlacheckie i wkrótce koronowany na cesarza Etiopii. </p><p>Odparł próby skolonizowania Etiopii pokonując oddziały włoskie 1 marca 1896 w <a href="/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Adu%C4%85" title="Bitwa pod Aduą">bitwie pod Aduą</a> i podpisał z <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82ochy" title="Włochy">Włochami</a> traktat kończący <a href="/wiki/Wojna_w%C5%82osko-abisy%C5%84ska_(1894%E2%80%931896)" title="Wojna włosko-abisyńska (1894–1896)">wojnę włosko-abisyńską</a>, który zapewniał <a href="/wiki/Abisynia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abisynia">Abisynii</a> pełną suwerenność oraz kontrybucje wojenne. </p><p>Menelik II zjednoczył cały kraj, przeniósł stolicę do <a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abeby</a> i zwrócił się w stronę Zachodu. Wprowadził wiele reform: zakazał handlu niewolnikami, stworzył regularną armię, ograniczył przywileje szlachty, rozpoczął budowę kolei, popierał rozwój handlu. W <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> roku <a href="/wiki/Franciszek_J%C3%B3zef_I" title="Franciszek Józef I">Franciszek Józef I</a> nadał mu <a href="/wiki/Order_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tego_Stefana" title="Order Świętego Stefana">Krzyż Wielki Orderu Świętego Stefana</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stefan_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stefan-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Po jego śmierci tron objął jego wnuk <a href="/wiki/Lyd%C5%BC_Ijasu" title="Lydż Ijasu">Lydż Ijasu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stefan-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Stefan_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Archive.is: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.is/KvH5e">Magyar Királyi Szent István Rend</a>. [dostęp 2013-08-11]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku węgierskim (magyar)">węg.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output table.navbox:not(.pionowy){width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{border-top:0;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy{width:250px;float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 0.4em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .before,.mw-parser-output .navbox.pionowy .after{padding:0.5em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background:#ccf;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Cesarze_Etiopii" title="Szablon:Cesarze Etiopii"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Cesarze_Etiopii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Cesarze Etiopii (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Cesarze_Etiopii&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adcy_Etiopii" title="Władcy Etiopii">Cesarze Etiopii</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dynastia_Zague" title="Dynastia Zague">Dynastia Zague</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mara_Tekle_Hajmanot" title="Mara Tekle Hajmanot">Mara Tekle Hajmanot</a> (ok. 1000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabuhaj_Dylnead_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabuhaj Dylnead II (strona nie istnieje)">Sabuhaj Dylnead II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejrare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mejrare (strona nie istnieje)">Mejrare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harbej_Harejene_Meskel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harbej Harejene Meskel (strona nie istnieje)">Harbej Harejene Meskel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mengysne_Jybaryk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mengysne Jybaryk (strona nie istnieje)">Mengysne Jybaryk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jykebke_Ygziy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jykebke Ygziy (strona nie istnieje)">Jykebke Ygziy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zjena_Pietros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zjena Pietros (strona nie istnieje)">Zjena Pietros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahyr_Sef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahyr Sef (strona nie istnieje)">Bahyr Sef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tette_Uyddym_Tser_Asseggyd" title="Tette Uyddym Tser Asseggyd">Tette Uyddym Tser Asseggyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akotiet_D%C5%BCan_Syjum" title="Akotiet Dżan Syjum">Akotiet Dżan Syjum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beymnet_Gyrma_Syjum" title="Beymnet Gyrma Syjum">Beymnet Gyrma Syjum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jymryhane_Krystos" title="Jymryhane Krystos">Jymryhane Krystos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gebre_Marjam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gebre Marjam (strona nie istnieje)">Gebre Marjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebre_Meskel_Lalibela" title="Gebre Meskel Lalibela">Gebre Meskel</a> (Lalibela) (1189–1229)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neakuyto_Loab" title="Neakuyto Loab">Neakuyto Loab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jytbarek" title="Jytbarek">Jytbarek</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Dynastia Salomońska</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jykuno_Amlak" title="Jykuno Amlak">Jykuno Amlak</a> (Tesfa Ijesus) (1270–1285)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagbya_Tsyjon" title="Jagbya Tsyjon">Jagbya Tsyjon</a> (Salomon I) (1285–1294)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synowie_Jagbyy_Tsyjona" title="Synowie Jagbyy Tsyjona">Bahyr Asseggyd</a> (1294–1295)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synowie_Jagbyy_Tsyjona" title="Synowie Jagbyy Tsyjona">Hyzbe Asseggyd</a> (1295)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synowie_Jagbyy_Tsyjona" title="Synowie Jagbyy Tsyjona">Tsynfe Aryd</a> (1295–1296)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synowie_Jagbyy_Tsyjona" title="Synowie Jagbyy Tsyjona">Kydme Asseggyd</a> (1296–1297)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synowie_Jagbyy_Tsyjona" title="Synowie Jagbyy Tsyjona">Żan Asseggyd</a> (1297–1298)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synowie_Jagbyy_Tsyjona" title="Synowie Jagbyy Tsyjona">Byhyr Asseggyd</a> (1298–1299)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyddym_Raad" title="Uyddym Raad">Uyddym Raad</a> (1299–1314)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amde_Tsyjon_I" title="Amde Tsyjon I">Amde Tsyjon I</a> (1314–1344)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuaje_Krystos" title="Nyuaje Krystos">Nyuaje Krystos</a> (1344–1372)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuaje_Marjam" title="Nyuaje Marjam">Nyuaje Marjam</a> (1372–1382)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawid_I_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Dawid I (cesarz Etiopii)">Dawid I</a> (1382–1413)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_I_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Teodor I (cesarz Etiopii)">Teodor I</a> (1413–1414)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izaak_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Izaak (cesarz Etiopii)">Izaak</a> (1414–1429)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Andrzej (cesarz Etiopii)">Andrzej</a> (1429–1430)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Marjam" title="Tekle Marjam">Tekle Marjam</a> (1430–1433)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrue_Ijesus" title="Syrue Ijesus">Syrue Ijesus</a> (1433)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amde_Ijesus" title="Amde Ijesus">Amda Ijesus</a> (1433–1434)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zara_Jaykob_Konstantyn" title="Zara Jaykob Konstantyn">Zara Jaykob Konstantyn</a> (1434–1468)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyde_Marjam_I" title="Beyde Marjam I">Beyde Marjam I</a> (1468–1478)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Aleksander (cesarz Etiopii)">Aleksander</a> (Yskyndyr) (1478–1494)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amde_Tsyjon_II" title="Amde Tsyjon II">Amda Tsyjon II</a> (1494)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naod" title="Naod">Naod</a> (1494–1508)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lybne_Dyngyl" title="Lybne Dyngyl">Lybne Dyngyl</a> (Dawid II) (1508–1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaudiusz_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Klaudiusz (cesarz Etiopii)">Klaudiusz</a> (1540–1559)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minas_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Minas (cesarz Etiopii)">Minas</a> (1559–1563)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertse_Dyngyl" title="Sertse Dyngyl">Sertse Dyngyl</a> (1563–1597)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakub_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Jakub (cesarz Etiopii)">Jakub</a> (1597–1603)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedyngyl" title="Zedyngyl">Zedyngyl</a> (1603–1604)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakub_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Jakub (cesarz Etiopii)">Jakub</a> (1604–1606)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susnyjos_I" title="Susnyjos I">Susnyjos I</a> (1606–1632)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasiledes" title="Fasiledes">Fasiledes</a> (1632–1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_I_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Jan I (cesarz Etiopii)">Jan I</a> (1667–1682)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozue_I_Wielki" title="Jozue I Wielki">Jozue I Wielki</a> (1682–1706)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Hajmanot_I" title="Tekle Hajmanot I">Tekle Hajmanot I</a> (1706–1708)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofil_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Teofil (cesarz Etiopii)">Teofil</a> (1708–1711)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Justus (cesarz Etiopii)">Justus</a> (1711–1716)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawid_III" title="Dawid III">Dawid III</a> (1716–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekaffa" title="Bekaffa">Bekaffa</a> (1721–1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozue_II_Kuare%C5%84czyk" title="Jozue II Kuareńczyk">Jozue II Kuareńczyk</a> (1730–1755)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joas_I" title="Joas I">Joas I</a> (1755–1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_II_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Jan II (cesarz Etiopii)">Jan II</a> (1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Hajmanot_II" title="Tekle Hajmanot II">Tekle Hajmanot II</a> (1769–1770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susnyjos_II" title="Susnyjos II">Susnyjos II</a> (1770)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Hajmanot_II" title="Tekle Hajmanot II">Tekle Hajmanot II</a> (1770–1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_II" title="Salomon II">Salomon II</a> (1777–1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Gijorgis_I" title="Tekle Gijorgis I">Tekle Gijorgis I</a> (1779–1784)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozue_III" title="Jozue III">Jozue III</a> (1784–1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Gijorgis_I" title="Tekle Gijorgis I">Tekle Gijorgis I</a> (1788–1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezechiasz_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Ezechiasz (cesarz Etiopii)">Ezechiasz</a> (1789–1794)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Gijorgis_I" title="Tekle Gijorgis I">Tekle Gijorgis I</a> (1794–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyde_Marjam_II" title="Beyde Marjam II">Beyde Marjam II</a> (1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Gijorgis_I" title="Tekle Gijorgis I">Tekle Gijorgis I</a> (1795–1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_III" title="Salomon III">Salomon III</a> (1796–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonasz_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Jonasz (cesarz Etiopii)">Jonasz</a> (1797–1798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Gijorgis_I" title="Tekle Gijorgis I">Tekle Gijorgis I</a> (1798–1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_III" title="Salomon III">Salomon III</a> (1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dymitriusz_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Dymitriusz (cesarz Etiopii)">Dymitriusz</a> (1799–1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Gijorgis_I" title="Tekle Gijorgis I">Tekle Gijorgis I</a> (1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dymitriusz_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Dymitriusz (cesarz Etiopii)">Dymitriusz</a> (1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yguale_Tsyjon" title="Yguale Tsyjon">Yguale Tsyjon</a> (1801–1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joas_II" title="Joas II">Joas II</a> (1818–1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigar" title="Gigar">Gigar</a> (1821–1826)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyde_Marjam_III" title="Beyde Marjam III">Beyde Marjam III</a> (1826)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigar" title="Gigar">Gigar</a> (1826–1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jozue_IV" title="Jozue IV">Jozue IV</a> (1830–1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebre_Krystos" title="Gebre Krystos">Gebre Krystos</a> (1832–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahle_Dyngyl" title="Sahle Dyngyl">Sahle Dyngyl</a> (1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebre_Krystos" title="Gebre Krystos">Gebre Krystos</a> (do 1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahle_Dyngyl" title="Sahle Dyngyl">Sahle Dyngyl</a> (1832–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_III_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Jan III (cesarz Etiopii)">Jan III</a> (1840–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahle_Dyngyl" title="Sahle Dyngyl">Sahle Dyngyl</a> (1841–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_III_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Jan III (cesarz Etiopii)">Jan III</a> (1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahle_Dyngyl" title="Sahle Dyngyl">Sahle Dyngyl</a> (1845–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_III_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Jan III (cesarz Etiopii)">Jan III</a> (1850–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahle_Dyngyl" title="Sahle Dyngyl">Sahle Dyngyl</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodor_II_(cesarz_Etiopii)" title="Teodor II (cesarz Etiopii)">Teodor II</a> (1855–1868)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Dynastia Zagwe</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tekle_Gijorgis_II" title="Tekle Gijorgis II">Tekle Gijorgis II</a> (1868–1871)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Dynastia Tigraj</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_IV_Kassa" title="Jan IV Kassa">Jan IV Kassa</a> (1871–1889)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Dynastia Salomońska</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Menelik II</a> (1889–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyd%C5%BC_Ijasu" title="Lydż Ijasu">Lij Yasu V</a> (1913–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuditu" title="Zeuditu">Zauditu</a> (1916–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajle_Syllasje_I" title="Hajle Syllasje I">Haile Selassie I</a> (1930–1936)</li> <li>...</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajle_Syllasje_I" title="Hajle Syllasje I">Haile Selassie I</a> (1941–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asfa_Uesen" title="Asfa Uesen">Amha Selassie</a> (1974–1975)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066349943">0000000066349943</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/62344773">62344773</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n50053660">n50053660</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/118783246">118783246</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/katalogisering/gdsvzdb031rnptd">gdsvzdb031rnptd</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119921296">119921296</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027996700">027996700</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p074672800">074672800</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90191084">90191084</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810559316805606">9810559316805606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2001040129">n01040129</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265374905171">987007265374905171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Litewska_Biblioteka_Narodowa_im._Martynasa_Ma%C5%BEvydasa" title="Litewska Biblioteka Narodowa im. Martynasa Mažvydasa">LIH</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lnb.libis.lt/simpleSearch.do?doSearch=1&AI001=LNB%3AV%2A328631%3B%3DBJ">LNB:V*328631;=BJ</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3939658.html">3939658</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Menilek-II">biography/Menilek-II</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/menelik-ii/">menelik-ii</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Menelik_2.">Menelik_2.</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0041927.xml">0041927</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Menelik_2.">Menelik_2.</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=40111">40111</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&oldid=73168596">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Menelik_II&oldid=73168596</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:W%C5%82adcy_Etiopii" title="Kategoria:Władcy Etiopii">Władcy Etiopii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Odznaczeni_Orderem_Salomona" title="Kategoria:Odznaczeni Orderem Salomona">Odznaczeni Orderem Salomona</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Odznaczeni_Orderem_Gwiazdy_Etiopii" title="Kategoria:Odznaczeni Orderem Gwiazdy Etiopii">Odznaczeni Orderem Gwiazdy Etiopii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Odznaczeni_Orderem_%C5%81a%C5%BAni" title="Kategoria:Odznaczeni Orderem Łaźni">Odznaczeni Orderem Łaźni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Odznaczeni_Orderem_%C5%9Bw._Micha%C5%82a_i_%C5%9Bw._Jerzego" title="Kategoria:Odznaczeni Orderem św. Michała i św. Jerzego">Odznaczeni Orderem św. Michała i św. Jerzego</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Odznaczeni_Orderem_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tego_Stefana" title="Kategoria:Odznaczeni Orderem Świętego Stefana">Odznaczeni Orderem Świętego Stefana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Urodzeni_w_1844" title="Kategoria:Urodzeni w 1844">Urodzeni w 1844</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Zmarli_w_1913" title="Kategoria:Zmarli w 1913">Zmarli w 1913</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:W%C5%82adcy_Szeua" title="Kategoria:Władcy Szeua">Władcy Szeua</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Ukryte kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Artyku%C5%82y_wymagaj%C4%85ce_uzupe%C5%82nienia_%C5%BAr%C3%B3de%C5%82_od_2010-02" title="Kategoria:Artykuły wymagające uzupełnienia źródeł od 2010-02">Artykuły wymagające uzupełnienia źródeł od 2010-02</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:W%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwo%C5%9B%C4%87_P569_inna_ni%C5%BC_wpisana_lokalnie" title="Kategoria:Właściwość P569 inna niż wpisana lokalnie">Właściwość P569 inna niż wpisana lokalnie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Brak_w%C5%82a%C5%9Bciwo%C5%9Bci_P119_wpisanej_lokalnie" title="Kategoria:Brak właściwości P119 wpisanej lokalnie">Brak właściwości P119 wpisanej lokalnie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 17 mar 2024, 20:44.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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