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Hammod</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekhlas%20K.%20Gbashi"> Ekhlas K. Gbashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, cryptography is used in many applications to achieve high security in data transmission and in real-time communications. AES has long gained global acceptance and is used for securing sensitive data in various industries but has suffered from slow processing and take a large time to transfer data. This paper suggests a method to enhance Advance Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm based on time and permutation. The suggested method (MAES) is based on modifying the SubByte and ShiftRrows in the encryption part and modification the InvSubByte and InvShiftRows in the decryption part. After the implementation of the proposal and testing the results, the Modified AES achieved good results in accomplishing the communication with high performance criteria in terms of randomness, encryption time, storage space, and avalanche effects. The proposed method has good randomness to ciphertext because this method passed NIST statistical tests against attacks; also, (MAES) reduced the encryption time by (10 %) than the time of the original AES; therefore, the modified AES is faster than the original AES. Also, the proposed method showed good results in memory utilization where the value is (54.36) for the MAES, but the value for the original AES is (66.23). Also, the avalanche effects used for calculating diffusion property are (52.08%) for the modified AES and (51.82%) percentage for the original AES. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20AES" title="modified AES">modified AES</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=randomness%20test" title=" randomness test"> randomness test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encryption%20time" title=" encryption time"> encryption time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avalanche%20effects" title=" avalanche effects"> avalanche effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139308/modification-encryption-time-and-permutation-in-advanced-encryption-standard-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1121</span> Development of Novel Amphiphilic Block Copolymer of Renewable ε-Decalactone for Drug Delivery Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Kakde">Deepak Kakde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Howdle"> Steve Howdle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derek%20Irvine"> Derek Irvine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cameron%20Alexander"> Cameron Alexander</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The poor aqueous solubility is one of the major obstacles in the formulation development of many drugs. Around 70% of drugs are poorly soluble in aqueous media. In the last few decades, micelles have emerged as one of the major tools for solubilization of hydrophobic drugs. Micelles are nanosized structures (10-100nm) obtained by self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules into the water. The hydrophobic part of the micelle forms core which is surrounded by a hydrophilic outer shell called corona. These core-shell structures have been used as a drug delivery vehicle for many years. Although, the utility of micelles have been reduced due to the lack of sustainable materials. In the present study, a novel methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-decalactone) (mPEG-b-PεDL) copolymer was synthesized by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of renewable ε-decalactone (ε-DL) monomers on methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) initiator using 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) as a organocatalyst. All the reactions were conducted in bulk to avoid the use of toxic organic solvents. The copolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).The mPEG-b-PεDL block copolymeric micelles containing indomethacin (IND) were prepared by nanoprecipitation method and evaluated as drug delivery vehicle. The size of the micelles was less than 40nm with narrow polydispersity pattern. TEM image showed uniform distribution of spherical micelles defined by clear surface boundary. The indomethacin loading was 7.4% for copolymer with molecular weight of 13000 and drug/polymer weight ratio of 4/50. The higher drug/polymer ratio decreased the drug loading. The drug release study in PBS (pH7.4) showed a sustained release of drug over a period of 24hr. In conclusion, we have developed a new sustainable polymeric material for IND delivery by combining the green synthetic approach with the use of renewable monomer for sustainable development of polymeric nanomedicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopolymer" title="dopolymer">dopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B5-decalactone" title=" ε-decalactone"> ε-decalactone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indomethacin" title=" indomethacin"> indomethacin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micelles" title=" micelles"> micelles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37066/development-of-novel-amphiphilic-block-copolymer-of-renewable-e-decalactone-for-drug-delivery-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1120</span> Polyimide Supported Membrane Made of 2D-Coordination-Crosslinked Polyimide for Rapid Molecular Separation in Multi-Solvent Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Netsanet%20Kebede%20Hundessa">Netsanet Kebede Hundessa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Substrate modification of thin film composite (TFC) membranes with various crosslinkers is typically necessary for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) applications. This modification is aimed at enhancing membrane stability and solvent resistance, but it often results in a decline in permeance. This study introduces a distinct approach by developing a coordination-crosslinked polyimide substrate, which differs from the covalently-crosslinked substrates traditionally used. This developed substrate achieves enhanced solvent resistance, improved hydrophilicity, and optimized porous microstructure simultaneously. The study investigates the effects of an alkaline coagulation bath, subsequent ion exchange, and further solvent activation. The resulting TFC membrane successfully overcomes the typical permeability-selectivity trade-off of OSN membranes. It demonstrates significantly improved solvent permeance (1.5–2 times higher than previously reported data) with values of 65.2 LMH/bar for methanol, 33.1 LMH/bar for ethanol, and 59.1 LMH/bar for acetone while maintaining competitive solute rejection (>98% for Rose Bengal). This research is expected to provide a new direction for developing high-performance OSN composite membranes and other separation applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20coordinatiom" title="metal coordinatiom">metal coordinatiom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film%20composite%20membrane" title=" thin film composite membrane"> thin film composite membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solvent%20nanofiltration" title=" organic solvent nanofiltration"> organic solvent nanofiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20activation" title=" solvent activation"> solvent activation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183068/polyimide-supported-membrane-made-of-2d-coordination-crosslinked-polyimide-for-rapid-molecular-separation-in-multi-solvent-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1119</span> Using of TFC Polysulfone Electrospun Nanofiber Mats in Oil-Water Separation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser%20A.%20M.%20Barakat">Nasser A. M. Barakat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane technology is the most promising process for oil-water separation operation if the hydrophilicity, fouling and reusability properties could be improved. In this study, novel effective and reusable membrane for oil-water separation process is introduced based on modification of polysulfone (PSF) electrospun nanofiber mats. The modification process was achieved by incorporation of NaOH nanoparticles inside the PSF nanofibers, and formation of a thin layer from a polyamide polymer on the surface of the electrospun mat. Typically, solutions composed of PSF and NaOH (twelve solutions were prepared based on different PSF concentrations; 15, 18 and 20 wt%, and various NaOH content; 1.5, 1.7 and 2.5 wt%) have been electrospun, then the dried nanofiber mats were treated by m-phenylenediamine and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl chloride to form polyamide thin layer on the surface of the mats. The results indicated that incorporation of NaOH and the formed polyamide could decrease the water contact angle from ~ 130˚ to 13˚ for the nanofiber mats obtained from 20 wt% PSF solutions containing 1.7 wt% sodium hydroxide powders. Interestingly, the membrane having the lowest contact angle could separate oil-water mixture for three successive cycles and 100% removal of the oil with relatively high water flux; 5.5 m3/m2.day. Overall, simplicity of the manufacturing technique, and effectiveness and reusability of the produced nanofiber mats open new avenue for the introduced as promising membranes for the oil-water separation process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrospinning" title="electrospinning">electrospinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil-water%20separation" title=" oil-water separation"> oil-water separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophilic%20membrane" title=" hydrophilic membrane"> hydrophilic membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofibers" title=" nanofibers"> nanofibers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17057/using-of-tfc-polysulfone-electrospun-nanofiber-mats-in-oil-water-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1118</span> Repair Workshop Queue System Modification Using Priority Scheme</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Okonkwo%20Ugochukwu">C. Okonkwo Ugochukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Sinebe%20Jude"> E. Sinebe Jude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Odoh%20Blessing"> N. Odoh Blessing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Okafor%20Christian"> E. Okafor Christian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a modification on repair workshop queuing system using multi priority scheme was carried out. Chi square goodness of fit test was used to determine the random distribution of the inter arrival time and service time of crankshafts that come for maintenance in the workshop. The chi square values obtained for all the prioritized classes show that the distribution conforms to Poisson distribution. The mean waiting time in queue results of non-preemptive priority for 1st, 2nd and 3rd classes show 0.066, 0.09, and 0.224 day respectively, while preemptive priority show 0.007, 0.036 and 0.258 day. However, when non priority is used, which obviously has no class distinction it amounts to 0.17 days. From the results, one can observe that the preemptive priority system provides a very dramatic improvement over the non preemptive priority as it concerns arrivals that are of higher priority. However, the improvement has a detrimental effect on the low priority class. The trend of the results is similar to the mean waiting time in the system as a result of addition of the actual service time. Even though the mean waiting time for the queue and that of the system for no priority takes the least time when compared with the least priority, urgent and semi-urgent jobs will terribly suffer which will most likely result in reneging or balking of many urgent jobs. Hence, the adoption of priority scheme in this type of scenario will result in huge profit to the Company and more customer satisfaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queue" title="queue">queue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=priority%20class" title=" priority class"> priority class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preemptive" title=" preemptive"> preemptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-preemptive" title=" non-preemptive"> non-preemptive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20waiting%20time" title=" mean waiting time"> mean waiting time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69985/repair-workshop-queue-system-modification-using-priority-scheme" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1117</span> Heterocyclic Ring Extension of Estrone: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Fused Pyrin, Pyrimidine and Thiazole Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafat%20M.%20Mohareb">Rafat M. Mohareb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several D-ring alkylated estrone analogues display exceptionally high affinity for estrogen receptors. In particular, compounds in which an E-ring is formed are known to be involved in the inhibition of steroidogenic enzymes. Such compounds also have an effect on steroid dehydrogenase activity and the ability to inhibit the detrimental action of the steroid sulfatase enzyme. Generally, E-ring extended steroids have been accessed by modification of the C17-ketone in the D-ring by either arylimine or oximino formation, addition of a carbon nucleophile or hydrazone formation. Other approaches have included ketone reduction, silyl enol ether formation or ring-closing metathesis (giving five- or six-membered E-rings). Chemical modification of the steroid D-ring provides a way to alter the functional groups, sizes and stereochemistry of the D-ring, and numerous structure-activity relationships have been established by such synthetic alterations. Steroids bearing heterocycles fused to the D-ring of the steroid nucleus have been of pharmaceutical interest. In the present paper, we report on the efficient synthesis of estrone possessing pyran, pyrimidine and thiazole ring systems. This study focused on the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of newly synthesized heterocyclic compounds which were then subjected through inhibitory evaluations towards human cancer and normal cell lines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estrone" title="estrone">estrone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterocyclization" title=" heterocyclization"> heterocyclization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomedicine" title=" biomedicine"> biomedicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1735/heterocyclic-ring-extension-of-estrone-synthesis-and-cytotoxicity-of-fused-pyrin-pyrimidine-and-thiazole-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1116</span> The Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Organo-Clay-Modified Bitumen, Calcareous Aggregate, and Organo-Clay Blends</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20G%C3%BCrses">A. Gürses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20B.%20Bar%C4%B1n"> T. B. Barın</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%87.%20Do%C4%9Far"> Ç. Doğar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bitumen has been widely used as the binder of aggregate in road pavement due to its good viscoelastic properties, as a viscous organic mixture with various chemical compositions. Bitumen is a liquid at high temperature and it becomes brittle at low temperatures, and this temperature-sensitivity can cause the rutting and cracking of the pavement and limit its application. Therefore, the properties of existing asphalt materials need to be enhanced. The pavement with polymer modified bitumen exhibits greater resistance to rutting and thermal cracking, decreased fatigue damage, as well as stripping and temperature susceptibility; however, they are expensive and their applications have disadvantages. Bituminous mixtures are composed of very irregular aggregates bound together with hydrocarbon-based asphalt, with a low volume fraction of voids dispersed within the matrix. Montmorillonite (MMT) is a layered silicate with low cost and abundance, which consists of layers of tetrahedral silicate and octahedral hydroxide sheets. Recently, the layered silicates have been widely used for the modification of polymers, as well as in many different fields. However, there are not too much studies related with the preparation of the modified asphalt with MMT, currently. In this study, organo-clay-modified bitumen, and calcareous aggregate and organo-clay blends were prepared by hot blending method with OMMT, which has been synthesized using a cationic surfactant (Cetyltrymethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and long chain hydrocarbon, and MMT. When the exchangeable cations in the interlayer region of pristine MMT were exchanged with hydrocarbon attached surfactant ions, the MMT becomes organophilic and more compatible with bitumen. The effects of the super hydrophobic OMMT onto the micro structural and mechanic properties (Marshall Stability and volumetric parameters) of the prepared blends were investigated. Stability and volumetric parameters of the blends prepared were measured using Marshall Test. Also, in order to investigate the morphological and micro structural properties of the organo-clay-modified bitumen and calcareous aggregate and organo-clay blends, their SEM and HRTEM images were taken. It was observed that the stability and volumetric parameters of the prepared mixtures improved significantly compared to the conventional hot mixes and even the stone matrix mixture. A micro structural analysis based on SEM images indicates that the organo-clay platelets dispersed in the bitumen have a dominant role in the increase of effectiveness of bitumen - aggregate interactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20mix%20asphalt" title="hot mix asphalt">hot mix asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20matrix%20asphalt" title=" stone matrix asphalt"> stone matrix asphalt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organo%20clay" title=" organo clay"> organo clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marshall%20test" title=" Marshall test"> Marshall test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcareous%20aggregate" title=" calcareous aggregate"> calcareous aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20bitumen" title=" modified bitumen"> modified bitumen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53072/the-microstructural-and-mechanical-characterization-of-organo-clay-modified-bitumen-calcareous-aggregate-and-organo-clay-blends" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1115</span> Drug Design Modelling and Molecular Virtual Simulation of an Optimized BSA-Based Nanoparticle Formulation Loaded with Di-Berberine Sulfate Acid Salt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20M.%20Sarhan">Eman M. Sarhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20A.%20Ghareeb"> Doaa A. Ghareeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gabriella%20Ortore"> Gabriella Ortore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20A.%20Amara"> Amr A. Amara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20El-Sayed"> Mohamed M. El-Sayed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drug salting and nanoparticle-based drug delivery formulations are considered to be an effective means for rendering the hydrophobic drugs’ nano-scale dispersion in aqueous media, and thus circumventing the pitfalls of their poor solubility as well as enhancing their membrane permeability. The current study aims to increase the bioavailability of quaternary ammonium berberine through acid salting and biodegradable bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based nanoparticulate drug formulation. Berberine hydroxide (BBR-OH) that was chemically synthesized by alkalization of the commercially available berberine hydrochloride (BBR-HCl) was then acidified to get Di-berberine sulfate (BBR)₂SO₄. The purified crystals were spectrally characterized. The desolvation technique was optimized for the preparation of size-controlled BSA-BBR-HCl, BSA-BBR-OH, and BSA-(BBR)₂SO₄ nanoparticles. Particle size, zeta potential, drug release, encapsulation efficiency, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tandem MS-MS spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning and transmitting electron microscopic examination (SEM, TEM), in vitro bioactivity, and in silico drug-polymer interaction were determined. BSA (PDB ID; 4OR0) protonation state at different pH values was predicted using Amber12 molecular dynamic simulation. Then blind docking was performed using Lamarkian genetic algorithm (LGA) through AutoDock4.2 software. Results proved the purity and the size-controlled synthesis of berberine-BSA-nanoparticles. The possible binding poses, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions of berberine on BSA at different pH values were predicted. Antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, and cell differentiated ability of tested drugs and their nano-formulations were evaluated. Thus, drug salting and the potentially effective albumin berberine nanoparticle formulations can be successfully developed using a well-optimized desolvation technique and exhibiting better in vitro cellular bioavailability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=berberine" title="berberine">berberine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSA" title=" BSA"> BSA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BBR-OH" title=" BBR-OH"> BBR-OH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BBR-HCl" title=" BBR-HCl"> BBR-HCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSA-BBR-HCl" title=" BSA-BBR-HCl"> BSA-BBR-HCl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSA-BBR-OH" title=" BSA-BBR-OH"> BSA-BBR-OH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28BBR%29%E2%82%82SO%E2%82%84" title=" (BBR)₂SO₄"> (BBR)₂SO₄</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSA-%28BBR%29%E2%82%82SO%E2%82%84" title=" BSA-(BBR)₂SO₄"> BSA-(BBR)₂SO₄</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AutoDock4.2%20Software" title=" AutoDock4.2 Software"> AutoDock4.2 Software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamarkian%20genetic%20algorithm" title=" Lamarkian genetic algorithm"> Lamarkian genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TEM" title=" TEM"> TEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDX" title=" EDX"> EDX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130587/drug-design-modelling-and-molecular-virtual-simulation-of-an-optimized-bsa-based-nanoparticle-formulation-loaded-with-di-berberine-sulfate-acid-salt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1114</span> Non-Targeted Adversarial Image Classification Attack-Region Modification Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bandar%20Alahmadi">Bandar Alahmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lethia%20Jackson"> Lethia Jackson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Machine Learning model is used today in many real-life applications. The safety and security of such model is important, so the results of the model are as accurate as possible. One challenge of machine learning model security is the adversarial examples attack. Adversarial examples are designed by the attacker to cause the machine learning model to misclassify the input. We propose a method to generate adversarial examples to attack image classifiers. We are modifying the successfully classified images, so a classifier misclassifies them after the modification. In our method, we do not update the whole image, but instead we detect the important region, modify it, place it back to the original image, and then run it through a classifier. The algorithm modifies the detected region using two methods. First, it will add abstract image matrix on back of the detected image matrix. Then, it will perform a rotation attack to rotate the detected region around its axes, and embed the trace of image in image background. Finally, the attacked region is placed in its original position, from where it was removed, and a smoothing filter is applied to smooth the background with foreground. We test our method in cascade classifier, and the algorithm is efficient, the classifier confident has dropped to almost zero. We also try it in CNN (Convolutional neural network) with higher setting and the algorithm was successfully worked. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adversarial%20examples" title="adversarial examples">adversarial examples</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attack" title=" attack"> attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title=" computer vision"> computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87510/non-targeted-adversarial-image-classification-attack-region-modification-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1113</span> A Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Urban Landscape Greenway– A Case Study of the Taiyuan Greenway in Taichung City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Yu-Chen%20Chien">A. Yu-Chen Chien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ying-Ju%20Su"> B. Ying-Ju Su</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greenway is a type of linear park which links the planar parklands and connects the open spaces. In the urban environment, except for providing open spaces with recreational function as well as effectively improve the appearance of the surrounding environment, greenway and parkland also creates benefits to the social and psychological aspects of human. In 2014, the statistics of The Ministry of Home Affairs show that citizens in Taichung enjoy the green area at an average of 4.27 square kilometers per person. How to use the existing green space system effectively and enhance the quality of leisure life thus become the major issues today. The study here points out that greenway and parkland and other open spaces are closely related to the daily life of urban residents. Whether the operation could be executed in accordance with the design is our major concern. To explore the issue, we implemented the Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Taiyuan Greenway in Taichung City. In 1956, Taichung city carried out the urban plan according to Howard’s concept about “Garden City” and built the Taiyuan greenway to restrain the urban expansion. 50-year past, due to the population growth and new demands, the government started to reconstruct the program. It is a three stage modification project of “The Townspace Renaissance project in Taiwan” since 2009, of which the greenway construction is the main point. In this research, we mainly focus on the third stage of this program to investigate the user’s preference and degree of satisfaction based on the Post-Occupancy Evaluation about the finished, unfinished, and undergoing construction sectors as well as facilities. We collected and analyzed the data based on the questionnaires and explored the possible facts that might have affected the degree of satisfaction about the greenway modification project based on the chi-square test. We hope to inspect the purpose of the demonstration projects and provide reference to the Taichung government for the modification planning and the greenway design in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenway" title="greenway">greenway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20greenway" title=" landscape greenway"> landscape greenway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-occupancy%20evaluation" title=" post-occupancy evaluation"> post-occupancy evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taichung%20city" title=" Taichung city"> Taichung city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20641/a-post-occupancy-evaluation-of-urban-landscape-greenway-a-case-study-of-the-taiyuan-greenway-in-taichung-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1112</span> Understanding the Mechanisms of Salmonella Typhimurium Resistance to Cannabidiol (CDB)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iddrisu%20Ibrahim">Iddrisu Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Atia%20Ayariga"> Joseph Atia Ayariga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junhuan%20Xu"> Junhuan Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20A.%20Abugri"> Daniel A. Abugri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robertson%20K.%20Boakai"> Robertson K. Boakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olufemi%20S.%20Ajayi"> Olufemi S. Ajayi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The recalcitrance of pathogenic bacteria indicates that millions of people who are at risk of infection arising from chronic diseases, surgery, organ transplant, diabetes, and several other debilitating diseases present an aura of potentially untreatable illness due to resistance development. Antimicrobial resistance has successfully become a global health menace, and resistances are often acquired by bacteria through health-care-related incidence (HRI) orchestrated by multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extended drug-resistant pathogens (EDRP). To understand the mechanisms S. Typhimurium uses to resist CDB, we study the abundance of LPS modification, Ergosterols, Mysristic palmitic resistance, Oleic acid resistance of susceptible and resistant S. Typhimurium. Using qPCR, we also analyzed the expression of selected genes known for enabling resistance in S. Typhimurium. We found high abundance of LPS, Ergosterols, Mysristic palmitic resistance, Oleic acid resistance of and high expression of resistant genes in S. Typhimurium compared to the susceptible strain. LPS modification, Ergosterols, Mysristic palmitic resistance, Oleic acid and genes such as Fims, integrons, blaTEM are important indicators of resistance development of S. typhimurium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobials" title="antimicrobials">antimicrobials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cannabidiol" title=" Cannabidiol"> Cannabidiol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salmonella" title=" Salmonella"> Salmonella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blaTEM" title=" blaTEM"> blaTEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fimA" title=" fimA"> fimA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lipopolysaccharide" title=" Lipopolysaccharide"> Lipopolysaccharide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ergosterols" title=" Ergosterols"> Ergosterols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182736/understanding-the-mechanisms-of-salmonella-typhimurium-resistance-to-cannabidiol-cdb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1111</span> Polyacrylates in Poly (Lactic Acid) Matrix, New Biobased Polymer Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Vukovi%C4%87-Kwiatkowska">Irena Vuković-Kwiatkowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halina%20Kaczmarek"> Halina Kaczmarek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poly (lactic acid) is well known polymer, often called green material because of its origin (renewable resources) and biodegradability. This biopolymer can be used in the packaging industry very often. Poor resistance to permeation of gases is the disadvantage of poly (lactic acid). The permeability of gases and vapor through the films applied for packages and bottles generally should be very low to prolong products shelf-life. We propose innovation method of PLA gas barrier modification using electromagnetic radiation in ultraviolet range. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and multifunctional acrylate monomers were mixed in different composition. Final films were obtained by photochemical reaction (photocrosslinking). We tested permeability to water vapor and carbon dioxide through these films. Also their resistance to UV radiation was also studied. The samples were conditioned in the activated sludge and in the natural soil to test their biodegradability. An innovative method of PLA modification allows to expand its usage, and can reduce the future costs of waste management what is the result of consuming such materials like PET and HDPE. Implementation of our material for packaging will contribute to the protection of the environment from the harmful effects of extremely difficult to biodegrade materials made from PET or other plastic <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpenetrating%20polymer%20network" title="interpenetrating polymer network">interpenetrating polymer network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packaging%20films" title=" packaging films"> packaging films</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocrosslinking" title=" photocrosslinking"> photocrosslinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylates%20dipentaerythritol%20pentaacrylate%20DPEPA" title=" polyacrylates dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate DPEPA"> polyacrylates dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate DPEPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%20%28lactic%20acid%29" title=" poly (lactic acid)"> poly (lactic acid)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20biodegradation" title=" polymer biodegradation "> polymer biodegradation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24623/polyacrylates-in-poly-lactic-acid-matrix-new-biobased-polymer-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1110</span> Modification of a Natural Zeolite with a Short-Chain Quaternary Ammonium Salt in an Ultrasonication Process and Investigation of Its Ability to Eliminate Nitrate Ions: Characterization and Mechanism Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nona%20%20Mirzamohammadi">Nona Mirzamohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bahram%20Nasernejad"> Bahram Nasernejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work mainly focuses on studying the mechanism governing the adsorption of tetraethylammonium bromide, a short-chain quaternary ammonium salt, on the surface of natural zeolite and to characterize modified and raw zeolites in order to study the removal of nitrate anions from water. Natural clinoptilolite, as the most common zeolite, was chosen and modified in an ultrasonication process using tetraethylammonium bromide, subsequent to being contacted with NaCl solutions. FT-IR studies indicated a peak attributed to the stretching vibrations of the –CH₂ group in the molecule of tetraethylammonium bromide in the spectrum of the modified sample. Moreover, the SEM images showed some obvious changes in the surface morphology and crystallinity of clinoptilolite after being modified. Batch adsorption experiments show that the modified zeolite is capable of removing nitrate anions, and the predominant removal mechanism is suggested to be a combination of electrostatic attraction and ion exchange since the results from the zeta potential analysis showed a decrease in the net negative charge of clinoptilolite after modification, while bromide ions were detected in the modified sample in the µXRF analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinoptilolite" title=" clinoptilolite"> clinoptilolite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short-chain%20quaternary%20ammonium%20salt" title=" short-chain quaternary ammonium salt"> short-chain quaternary ammonium salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetraethylammoniumbromide" title=" tetraethylammoniumbromide"> tetraethylammoniumbromide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonication" title=" ultrasonication"> ultrasonication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138686/modification-of-a-natural-zeolite-with-a-short-chain-quaternary-ammonium-salt-in-an-ultrasonication-process-and-investigation-of-its-ability-to-eliminate-nitrate-ions-characterization-and-mechanism-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138686.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1109</span> Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Halloysite Nanotube Nanocomposites Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Terzopoulou">Z. Terzopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Koliakou"> I. Koliakou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Bikiaris"> D. Bikiaris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tissue engineering offers a new approach to regenerate diseased or damaged tissues such as bone. Great effort is devoted to eliminating the need of removing non-degradable implants at the end of their life span, with biodegradable polymers playing a major part. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is one of the best candidates for this purpose due to its high permeability, good biodegradability and exceptional biocompatibility, which has stimulated extensive research into its potential application in the biomedical fields. However, PCL degrades much slower than other known biodegradable polymers and has a total degradation of 2-4 years depending on the initial molecular weight of the device. This is due to its relatively hydrophobic character and high crystallinity. Consequently, much attention has been given to the tunable degradation of PCL to meet the diverse requirements of biomedicine. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biodegradable polyester that lacks bioactivity, so when used in bone tissue engineering, new bone tissue cannot bond tightly on the polymeric surface. Therefore, it is important to incorporate reinforcing fillers into PCL matrix in order to result in a promising combination of bioactivity, biodegradability, and strength. Natural clay halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were incorporated into PCL polymeric matrix, via in situ ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone, in concentrations 0.5, 1 and 2.5 wt%. Both unmodified and modified with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES) HNTs were used in this study. The effect of nanofiller concentration and functionalization with end-amino groups on the physicochemical properties of the prepared nanocomposites was studied. Mechanical properties were found enhanced after the incorporation of nanofillers, while the modification increased further the values of tensile and impact strength. Thermal stability of PCL was not affected by the presence of nanofillers, while the crystallization rate that was studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (POM) increased. All materials were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis in phosphate buffer in the presence of lipases. Due to the hydrophilic nature of HNTs, the biodegradation rate of nanocomposites was higher compared to neat PCL. In order to confirm the effect of hydrophilicity, contact angle measurements were also performed. In vitro biomineralization test confirmed that all samples were bioactive as mineral deposits were detected by X-ray diffractometry after incubation in SBF. All scaffolds were tested in relevant cell culture using osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) to demonstrate their biocompatibility <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomaterials" title="biomaterials">biomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaffolds" title=" scaffolds"> scaffolds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20engineering" title=" tissue engineering"> tissue engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45213/polye-caprolactonehalloysite-nanotube-nanocomposites-scaffolds-for-tissue-engineering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45213.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1108</span> Characterization of Waste Thermocol Modified Bitumen by Spectroscopy, Microscopic Technique, and Dynamic Shear Rheometer </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supriya%20%20Mahida">Supriya Mahida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangita"> Sangita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogesh%20U.%20Shah"> Yogesh U. Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanta%20Kumar"> Shanta Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The global production of thermocol increasing day by day, due to vast applications of the use of thermocole in many sectors. Thermocol being non-biodegradable and more toxic than plastic leads towards a number of problems like its management into value-added products, environmental damage and landfill problems due to weight to volume ratio. Utilization of waste thermocol for modification of bitumen binders resulted in waste thermocol modified bitumen (WTMB) used in road construction and maintenance technology. Modification of bituminous mixes through incorporating thermocol into bituminous mixes through a dry process is one of the new options besides recycling process which consumes lots of waste thermocol. This process leads towards waste management and remedies against thermocol waste disposal. The present challenge is to dispose the thermocol waste under different forms in road infrastructure, either through the dry process or wet process to be developed in future. This paper focuses on the use of thermocol wastes which is mixed with VG 10 bitumen in proportions of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight of bitumen. The physical properties of neat bitumen are evaluated and compared with modified VG 10 bitumen having thermocol. Empirical characterization like penetration, softening, and viscosity of bitumen has been carried out. Thermocol and waste thermocol modified bitumen (WTMB) were further analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSR" title="DSR">DSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FESEM" title=" FESEM"> FESEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FT-IR" title=" FT-IR"> FT-IR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermocol%20wastes" title=" thermocol wastes"> thermocol wastes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91034/characterization-of-waste-thermocol-modified-bitumen-by-spectroscopy-microscopic-technique-and-dynamic-shear-rheometer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1107</span> Carbon-Nanodots Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Electroanalysis of Selenium in Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azeez%20O.%20Idris">Azeez O. Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20O.%20Orimolade"> Benjamin O. Orimolade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Potlako%20J.%20Mafa"> Potlako J. Mafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20T.%20Kuvarega"> Alex T. Kuvarega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usisipho%20Feleni"> Usisipho Feleni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhekie%20B.%20Mamba"> Bhekie B. Mamba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We report a simple and cheaper method for the electrochemical detection of Se(IV) using carbon nanodots (CNDTs) prepared from oat. The carbon nanodots were synthesised by green and facile approach and characterised using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The CNDT was used to fabricate an electrochemical sensor for the quantification of Se(IV) in water. The modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with carbon nanodots led to an increase in the electroactive surface area of the electrode, which enhances the redox current peak of [Fe(CN)₆]₃₋/₄‒ in comparison to the bare GCE. Using the square wave voltammetry, the detection limit and quantification limit of 0.05 and 0.167 ppb were obtained under the optimised parameters using deposition potential of -200 mV, 0.1 M HNO₃ electrolyte, electrodeposition time of 60 s, and pH 1. The results further revealed that the GCE-CNDT was not susceptible to many interfering cations except Cu(II) and Pb(II), and Fe(II). The sensor fabrication involves a one-step electrode modification and was used to detect Se(IV) in a real water sample, and the result obtained is in agreement with the inductively coupled plasma technique. Overall, the electrode offers a cheap, fast, and sensitive way of detecting selenium in environmental matrices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanodots" title="carbon nanodots">carbon nanodots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20wave%20voltammetry" title=" square wave voltammetry"> square wave voltammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomaterials" title=" nanomaterials"> nanomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenium" title=" selenium"> selenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150663/carbon-nanodots-modified-glassy-carbon-electrode-for-the-electroanalysis-of-selenium-in-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1106</span> Eco-Design of Multifunctional System Based on a Shape Memory Polymer and ZnO Nanoparticles for Sportswear</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%C3%AAs%20Boticas">Inês Boticas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diana%20P.%20Ferreira"> Diana P. Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Eus%C3%A9bio"> Ana Eusébio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Silva"> Carlos Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Magalh%C3%A3es"> Pedro Magalhães</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Silva"> Ricardo Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raul%20Fangueiro"> Raul Fangueiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, sportswear has a major contribution to the impact of fashion on our lives. Nowadays, the embracing of sportswear fashion/looks is undoubtedly noticeable, as the modern consumer searches for high comfort and linear aesthetics for its clothes. This compromise lead to the arise of the athleisure trend. Athleisure surges as a new style area that combines both wearability and fashion sense, differentiated from the archetypal sportswear, usually associated to “gym clothes”. Additionally, the possibility to functionalize and implement new technologies have shifted and progressively empowers the connection between the concepts of physical activities practice and well-being, allowing clothing to be more interactive and responsive with its surroundings. In this study, a design inspired in retro and urban lifestyle was envisioned, engineering textile structures that can respond to external stimuli. These structures are enhanced to be responsive to heat, water vapor and humidity, integrating shape memory polymers (SMP) to improve the breathability and heat-responsive behavior of the textiles and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to heighten the surface hydrophobic properties. The best results for hydrophobic exhibited superhydrophobic behavior with water contact angle (WAC) of more than 150 degrees. For the breathability and heat-response properties, SMP-coated samples showed an increase in water vapour permeability values of about 50% when compared with non SMP-coated samples. These innovative technological approaches were endorsed to design innovative clothing, in line with circular economy and eco-design principles, by assigning a substantial degree of mutability and versatility to the clothing. The development of a coat and shirt, in which different parts can be purchased separately to create multiple products, aims to combine the technicality of both the fabrics used and the making of the garments. This concept translates itself into a real constructive mechanism through the symbiosis of high-tech functionalities and the timeless design that follows the athleisure aesthetics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breathability" title="breathability">breathability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sportswear%20and%20casual%20clothing" title=" sportswear and casual clothing"> sportswear and casual clothing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20design" title=" sustainable design"> sustainable design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superhydrophobicity" title=" superhydrophobicity"> superhydrophobicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113928/eco-design-of-multifunctional-system-based-on-a-shape-memory-polymer-and-zno-nanoparticles-for-sportswear" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1105</span> Effect of Silver Nanoparticles in Temperature Polarization of Distillation Membranes for Desalination Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lopez%20J.">Lopez J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrvar%20M."> Mehrvar M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quinones%20E."> Quinones E.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suarez%20A."> Suarez A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romero%20C."> Romero C.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Membrane Distillation is an emerging technology that uses thermal and membrane steps for the desalination process to get drinking water. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were deposited by dip-coating process over Polyvinylidene Fluoride, Fiberglass hydrophilic, and Polytetrafluoroethylene hydrophobic commercial membranes as substrate. Membranes were characterized and used in a Vacuum Membrane Distillation cell under Ultraviolet light with sea salt feed solution. The presence of AgNP increases the absorption of energy on the membrane, which improves the transmembrane flux. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title="silver nanoparticles">silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20distillation" title=" membrane distillation"> membrane distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desalination%20technologies" title=" desalination technologies"> desalination technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20deliver" title=" heat deliver"> heat deliver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148598/effect-of-silver-nanoparticles-in-temperature-polarization-of-distillation-membranes-for-desalination-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1104</span> Effects of Surface Textures and Chemistries on Wettability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipti%20Raj">Dipti Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himanshu%20Mishra"> Himanshu Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wetting of a solid surface by a liquid is an extremely common yet subtle phenomenon in natural and applied sciences. A clear understanding of both short and long-term wetting behaviors of surfaces is essential for creating robust anti-biofouling coatings, non-wetting textiles, non-fogging mirrors, and preventive linings against dirt and icing. In this study, silica beads (diameter, D ≈ 100 μm) functionalized using different silane reagents were employed to modify the wetting characteristics of smooth polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. Resulting composite surfaces were found to be super-hydrophobic, i.e. contact angle of water, <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20angle" title="contact angle">contact angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassie-Baxter" title=" Cassie-Baxter"> Cassie-Baxter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PDMS" title=" PDMS"> PDMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica" title=" silica"> silica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wetting" title=" wetting"> wetting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56157/effects-of-surface-textures-and-chemistries-on-wettability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1103</span> New Modification Negative Stiffness Device with Constant Force-Displacement Characteristic for Seismic Protection of Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huan%20Li">Huan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianchun%20Li"> Jianchun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yancheng%20Li"> Yancheng Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Yu"> Yang Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a seismic protection method of civil and engineering structures, weakening and damping is effective during the elastic region, while it somehow leads to the early yielding of the entire structure accompanying with large excursions and permanent deformations. Adaptive negative stiffness device is attractive for realizing yielding property without changing the stiffness of the primary structure. In this paper, a new modification negative stiffness device (MNSD) with constant force-displacement characteristic is proposed by combining a magnetic negative stiffness spring, a piecewise linear positive spring and a passive damper with a certain adaptive stiffness device. The proposed passive control MNSD preserves no effect under small excitation. When the displacement amplitude increases beyond the pre-defined yielding point, the force-displacement characteristics of the system with MNSD will keep constant. The seismic protection effect of the MNSD is evaluated by employing it to a single-degree-of-freedom system under sinusoidal excitation, and real earthquake waves. By comparative analysis, the system with MNSD performs better on reducing acceleration and displacement response under different displacement amplitudes than the scenario without it and the scenario with unmodified certain adaptive stiffness device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20stiffness" title="negative stiffness">negative stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20stiffness" title=" adaptive stiffness"> adaptive stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weakening%20and%20yielding" title=" weakening and yielding"> weakening and yielding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20force-displacement%20characteristic" title=" constant force-displacement characteristic"> constant force-displacement characteristic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125646/new-modification-negative-stiffness-device-with-constant-force-displacement-characteristic-for-seismic-protection-of-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1102</span> Surface Modification of TiO2 Layer with Phosphonic Acid Monolayer in Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of Chain Length and Terminal Functional Group</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seid%20Yimer%20Abate">Seid Yimer Abate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ding-Chi%20%20Huang"> Ding-Chi Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Tai%20Tao"> Yu-Tai Tao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, charge extraction characteristics at the perovskite/TiO2 interface in the conventional perovskite solar cell is studied by interface engineering. Self-assembled monolayers of phosphonic acids with different chain length and terminal functional group were used to modify mesoporous TiO2 surface to modulate the surface property and interfacial energy barrier to investigate their effect on charge extraction and transport from the perovskite to the mp-TiO2 and then the electrode. The chain length introduces a tunnelling distance and the end group modulate the energy level alignment at the mp-TiO2 and perovskite interface. The work function of these SAM-modified mp-TiO2 varied from −3.89 eV to −4.61 eV, with that of the pristine mp-TiO2 at −4.19 eV. A correlation of charge extraction and transport with respect to the modification was attempted. The study serves as a guide to engineer ETL interfaces with simple SAMs to improve the charge extraction, carrier balance and device long term stability. In this study, a maximum PCE of ~16.09% with insignificant hysteresis was obtained, which is 17% higher than the standard device. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Energy%20level%20alignment" title="Energy level alignment">Energy level alignment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Interface%20engineering" title=" Interface engineering"> Interface engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perovskite%20solar%20cells" title=" Perovskite solar cells"> Perovskite solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phosphonic%20acid%20monolayer" title=" Phosphonic acid monolayer"> Phosphonic acid monolayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunnelling%20distance" title=" Tunnelling distance"> Tunnelling distance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125966/surface-modification-of-tio2-layer-with-phosphonic-acid-monolayer-in-perovskite-solar-cells-effect-of-chain-length-and-terminal-functional-group" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125966.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1101</span> Effect of Diet and Life Style Modification to Control the Plasma Glucose Level in the 60 Patients of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivek%20Saxena">Vivek Saxena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shreshtha%20Saxena"> Shreshtha Saxena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as impaired glucose tolerance first recognized during pregnancy. Uncontrolled or untreated GDM is associated with various adverse outcomes to the maternal and fetal health. Overt diabetes mellitus may also develop in such patients. It is universally accepted fact that first and foremost management to treat GDM is dietary control and lifestyle modification even before starting any oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) or insulin. So, proper dietary management and little changes in the patient’s lifestyle are very effective for reducing her plasma glucose level. Objectives: Proper counselling of the patients and flexibility in their lifestyle and diet can effectively control the plasma glucose level in GDM patients. Methods: Total 60 GDM patients of age > 18 years were taken. We had three counselling sessions with the patient and other members of the family like husband, parents, and in-laws at different intervals, discussed their lifestyle and diet pattern, helped them to eliminate the factors those had an adverse effect on plasma glucose level and promoted them to acquire a healthy lifestyle. We have counselled the patient and her family member separately and then together also. They have explained how increased plasma glucose level can be effectively controlled with the little modification in their diet and routine activities. They were also taught to remain stress-free during their rest of antenatal period. We have excluded the patients from our study who were diabetic before pregnancy and patients with other comorbid illnesses like hypothyroidism and valvular heart disease. Results and conclusions: Results were very rewarding as patients could acquire a lifestyle of their choice. They were happy because extra pill burden was not there. All the 60 patients were normoglycemic in remaining antenatal period, 48 patients were delivered normally and 12 patients underwent cesarean section due to various reasons.Regular counselling of the patients regarding their disease and little alterations in diet and lifestyle controlled the plasma glucose level much effectively. The things were more easier and effective when we included other family members during our counselling session because they play a major role in patient’s day to day activity and influence her life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20management" title="dietary management">dietary management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gestational%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" gestational diabetes mellitus"> gestational diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impaired%20glucose%20tolerance" title=" impaired glucose tolerance"> impaired glucose tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20hypoglycemic%20agent" title=" oral hypoglycemic agent"> oral hypoglycemic agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnancy" title=" pregnancy"> pregnancy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93279/effect-of-diet-and-life-style-modification-to-control-the-plasma-glucose-level-in-the-60-patients-of-gestational-diabetes-mellitus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93279.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1100</span> Preliminary Studies of Antibiofouling Properties in Wrinkled Hydrogel Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauricio%20A.%20Sarabia-Vallejos">Mauricio A. Sarabia-Vallejos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmen%20M.%20Gonzalez-Henriquez"> Carmen M. Gonzalez-Henriquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adolfo%20Del%20Campo-Garcia"> Adolfo Del Campo-Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aitzibier%20L.%20Cortajarena"> Aitzibier L. Cortajarena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Rodriguez-Hernandez"> Juan Rodriguez-Hernandez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, it was explored the formation and the morphological differences between wrinkled hydrogel patterns obtained via generation of surface instabilities. The slight variations in the polymerization conditions produce important changes in the material composition and pattern structuration. The compounds were synthesized using three main components, i.e. an amphiphilic monomer, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), a hydrophobic monomer, trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFMA), and a hydrophilic crosslinking agent, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). The first part of this study was related to the formation of wrinkled surfaces using only HEMA and PEGDA and varying the amount of water added in the reaction. The second part of this study involves the gradual insertion of TFMA into the hydrophilic reaction mixture. Interestingly, the manipulation of the chemical composition of this hydrogel affects both surface morphology and physicochemical characteristics of the patterns, inducing transitions from one particular type of structure (wrinkles or ripples) to different ones (creases, folds, and crumples). Contact angle measurements show that the insertion of TFMA produces a slight decrease in surface wettability of the samples, remaining however highly hydrophilic (contact angle below 45°). More interestingly, by using confocal Raman spectroscopy, important information about the wrinkle formation mechanism is obtained. The procedure involving two consecutive thermal and photopolymerization steps lead to a “pseudo” two-layer system. Thus, upon photopolymerization, the surface is crosslinked to a higher extent than the bulk and water evaporation drives the formation of wrinkled surfaces. Finally, cellular, and bacterial proliferation studies were performed to the samples, showing that the amount of TFMA included in each sample slightly affects the proliferation of both (bacteria and cells), but in the case of bacteria, the morphology of the sample also plays an important role, importantly reducing the bacterial proliferation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiofouling%20properties" title="antibiofouling properties">antibiofouling properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%2Fhydrophilic%20balance" title=" hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance"> hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphologic%20characterization" title=" morphologic characterization"> morphologic characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wrinkled%20hydrogel%20patterns" title=" wrinkled hydrogel patterns"> wrinkled hydrogel patterns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84760/preliminary-studies-of-antibiofouling-properties-in-wrinkled-hydrogel-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1099</span> Synthesis of Novel Metallosurfactants for Drug Delivery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Zohra%20Belghait">Fatima Zohra Belghait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawal%20Cheikh"> Nawal Cheikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oscar%20Palacios"> Oscar Palacios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramon%20Barnadas"> Ramon Barnadas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pau%20Bayon"> Pau Bayon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metalloporphyrin and its derivatives play an important role in different scientific areas due to its tetradentate vacant site in the center that is suitable for metal coordination. Metalosomes (MTS) are supramolecular aggregates (similar to liposomes) generated by the self-assembly of compounds similar to phospholipids (with a polar and a hydrophobic part), but incorporating, as part of their membrane, molecules that contain bound metals. The aim of our work is to synthesise metalosomes containing catioinc amphiphilic porphyrin and their complexes with Fe and Cu to study their therapeutical applications. All synthesized compounds were confirmed with Dynamic Light Scattering; elemental analysis, Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metalloporphyrin" title="metalloporphyrin">metalloporphyrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amphiphilique%20porphyrin" title=" amphiphilique porphyrin"> amphiphilique porphyrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metalosomes" title=" metalosomes"> metalosomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supramolecular" title=" supramolecular"> supramolecular</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195168/synthesis-of-novel-metallosurfactants-for-drug-delivery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1098</span> Application of Nitric Acid Modified Cocos nucifera, Pennisetum glaucum and Sorghum bicolor Activated Carbon for Adsorption of H₂S Gas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20N.%20Ali">Z. N. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Babatunde"> O. A. Babatunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Garba"> S. Garba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20M.%20S.%20Haruna"> H. M. S. Haruna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The potency of modified and unmodified activated carbons prepared from shells of Cocos nucifera (coconut shell), straws of Pennisetum glaucum (millet) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) for adsorption of hydrogen sulphide gas were investigated using an adsorption apparatus (stainless steel cylinder) at constant temperature (ambient temperature). The adsorption equilibria states were obtained when the pressure indicated on the pressure gauge remained constant. After modification with nitric acid, results of the scanning electron microscopy of the unmodified and modified activated carbons showed that HNO3 greatly improved the formation of micropores and mesopores on the activated carbon surface. The adsorption of H2S gas was found to be highest in modified Cocos nucifera activated carbon with maximum monolayer coverage of 28.17 mg/g, and the adsorption processes were both physical and chemical with the physical process being predominant. The adsorption data were well fitted into the Langmuir isotherm model with the adsorption capacities of the activated carbons in the order modified Cocos nucifera > modified Pennisetum glaucum > modified Sorghum bicolor > unmodified Cocos nucifera > unmodified Pennisetum glaucum > unmodified Sorghum bicolour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon%20adsorption" title="activated carbon adsorption">activated carbon adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20sulphide" title=" hydrogen sulphide"> hydrogen sulphide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitric%20acid" title=" nitric acid"> nitric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stainless%20steel%20cylinder" title=" stainless steel cylinder"> stainless steel cylinder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83242/application-of-nitric-acid-modified-cocos-nucifera-pennisetum-glaucum-and-sorghum-bicolor-activated-carbon-for-adsorption-of-h2s-gas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1097</span> Nanoindentation and Physical Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride/Styrene Co-Maleic Anhydride Blend Reinforced by Organo-Bentonite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20E.%20Abulyazied">D. E. Abulyazied</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Mokhtar"> S. M. Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Motawie"> A. M. Motawie </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polymer blends represent an important class of materials in engineering applications. The incorporation of clay nanofiller may provide new opportunities for this type of materials to enhance their applications. This article reports on the effects of clay on the structure and properties of polymer blends nanocomposites, based on Polyvinyl chloride PVC and styrene co-maleic anhydride SMA blend. Modification of the Egyptian Bentonite EB was carried out using organo-modifier namely; octadecylamine ODA. Before the modification, the cation exchange capacity CEC of the EB was measured. The octadecylamine bentonite ODA-B was characterized using Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy FTIR, X-Ray Diffraction XRD, and Transition Electron Microscope TEM. A blend of Polyvinyl chloride PVC and styrene co-maleic anhydride SMA (50:50) was prepared in Tetra Hydro Furan (THF). Then nanocomposites of PVC/SMA/ODA-B were prepared by solution intercalation polymerization from 0.50% up to 5% by weight of ODA-B. The nanocomposites are characterized by XRD, TEM. Thermal, nanoindentation, swelling and electrical properties of the nanocomposites were measured. The morphology of the nanocomposites showed that ODA-B achieved good dispersion in the PVC/SMA matrix. Incorporation of 0.5 %, 1%, 3% and 5% by weight nanoclay into the PVC/SMA blends results in an improvement in nanohardness of 16%, 76%, 92%, and 68% respectively. The elastic modulus increased from 4.59 GPa for unreinforced PVC/SMA blend to 6.30 GPa (37% increase) with the introduction of 3% by weight nanoclay. The cross-link density of the nanocomposites increases with increasing the content of ODA-B. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVC" title="PVC">PVC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SMA" title=" SMA"> SMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoindentation" title=" nanoindentation"> nanoindentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organo-bentonite" title=" organo-bentonite"> organo-bentonite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14904/nanoindentation-and-physical-properties-of-polyvinyl-chloridestyrene-co-maleic-anhydride-blend-reinforced-by-organo-bentonite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1096</span> Characterization of Zn-Ni Alloy Elaborated Under Low and High Magnetic Field Immersed in Corrosive Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabiha%20Chouchane">Sabiha Chouchane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azzedine%20Hani"> Azzedine Hani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Paul%20Chopart"> Jean-Paul Chopart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Levesque"> Alexandra Levesque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The electrodeposition of Zn-Ni alloy is mostly studied for its high degree of corrosion and mechanical properties. In this work, the zinc–nickel alloy coatings elaborated from sulfate bath have been carried out under low and high applied magnetic field. The effect of alloy stuctural parameters upon corrosion behavior is studied. It has been found that the magnetically induced convection changes the phase composition, promoting the zinc phase in spite of the γ-Ni₅Zn₂₁. Low magnetic field acts also on the morphology of the deposits as a levelling agent and a refiner by lowering the deposit roughness Ra and the spot size. For alloy obtained with low magnetic field (up to 1T) superimposition, surface morphology modification has no significant influence on corrosion behavior whereas for low nickel content alloy, the modification of phase composition, induced by applied magnetic field, favours higher polarization resistance. When high magnetic field amplitude is involved (up to12T), the phase composition modifications are the same that for low applied B and the morphology is not largely modified. In this case, the hydrogen reduction current dramatically decreases that leads to a large shift of the corrosion potential. It is suggested that the surface reactivity of electrodeposited alloys depends on the magnetically induced convection that is efficient during the codeposition process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20field" title="magnetic field">magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zn-Ni%20alloy" title=" Zn-Ni alloy"> Zn-Ni alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosive%20medium" title=" corrosive medium"> corrosive medium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184683/characterization-of-zn-ni-alloy-elaborated-under-low-and-high-magnetic-field-immersed-in-corrosive-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1095</span> Review of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amare%20Worku">Amare Worku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harikrishnan%20Muralidharan"> Harikrishnan Muralidharan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research for more environmentally friendly sources of energy is a result of growing environmental awareness. In this aspect, wind energy is a very good option and there are two different wind turbines, horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and vertical axis turbine (VAWT). For locations outside of integrated grid networks, vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT) present a feasible solution. However, those turbines have several drawbacks related to various setups, VAWT has a very low efficiency when compared with HAWT, but they work under different conditions and installation areas. This paper reviewed numerous measurements taken to improve the efficiency of VAWT configurations, either directly or indirectly related to the performance efficiency of the turbine. Additionally, the comparison and advantages of HAWT and VAWT turbines and also the findings of the design methodologies used for the VAWT design have been reviewed together with efficiency enhancement revision. Most of the newly modified designs are based on the turbine blade structure modification but need other studies on behalf other than electromechanical modification. Some of the techniques, like continuous variation of pitch angle control and swept area control, are not the most effective since VAWT is Omni-directional, and so wind direction is not a problem like HAWT. Hybrid system technology has become one of the most important and efficient methods to enhance the efficiency of VAWT. Besides hybridization, the contra-rotating method is also good if the installation area is big enough in an urban area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title="wind turbine">wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title=" horizontal axis wind turbine"> horizontal axis wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20axis%20wind%20turbine" title=" vertical axis wind turbine"> vertical axis wind turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybridization" title=" hybridization"> hybridization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163049/review-of-vertical-axis-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1094</span> Predictors of Behavior Modification Prior to Bariatric Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosemarie%20Basile">Rosemarie Basile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Loizos"> Maria Loizos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Pallarino"> John Pallarino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Gibbs"> Karen Gibbs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given that complications can be significant following bariatric surgery and with rates of long-term success measured in excess weight loss varying as low as 33% after five years, an understanding of the psychological factors that may mitigate findings and increase success and result in better screening and supports prior to surgery are critical. An internally oriented locus of control (LOC) has been identified as a predictor for success in obesity therapy, but has not been investigated within the context of bariatric surgery. It is hypothesized that making behavioral changes prior to surgery which mirror those that are required post-surgery may ultimately predict long-term success. 122 subjects participated in a clinical interview and completed self-report measures including the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, Overeating Questionnaire (OQ), and Lifestyle Questionnaire (LQ). Pearson correlations were computed between locus of control orientation and likelihood to make behavior changes prior to surgery. Pearson correlations revealed a positive correlation between locus of control and likelihood to make behavior changes r = 0.23, p < .05. As hypothesized, there was a significant correlation between internal locus of control and likelihood to make behavior changes. Participants with a higher LOC believe that they are able to make decisions about their own health. Future research will focus on whether this positive correlation is a predictor for future bariatric surgery success. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bariatric%20surgery" title="bariatric surgery">bariatric surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20modification" title=" behavior modification"> behavior modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20locus%20of%20control" title=" health locus of control"> health locus of control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overeating%20questionnaire" title=" overeating questionnaire"> overeating questionnaire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60426/predictors-of-behavior-modification-prior-to-bariatric-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1093</span> House Extension Strategy in High-Density Informal Settlement: A Case Study in Kampung Cikini, Jakarta, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meidesta%20Pitria">Meidesta Pitria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akiko%20Okabe"> Akiko Okabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In high-density informal settlement, extension area at the outside of the houses could primarily happen as a spatial modification response. House extension in high-density informal settlement is not only becoming a physical spatial modification that makes a blur zone between private and public but also supporting the growth and existence of informal economy and other daily activities in both individuals and communities. This research took a case study in an informal settlement named Kampung Cikini, a densely populated area in Central Jakarta. The aim of this study is to identify and clarify house extension as a strategy in dealing with urbanization in an informal settlement. By using the perspective and information from housewives, the analysis is based on the assumption that land ownership transformation and the activities in house extension area influence the different kinds of house extension’s spatial modification and local planning policy in relation with the implementation of house extension strategy. The data collection was done in four sites, two sites are located in outer-wide alley and another two sites are located in inner-narrow alley. In this research, data of 104 housewives in 86 houses were collected through representatives of housewives and local leader of each sites. The research was started from participatory mapping process, deep interview with local leader, and initiated collaboration with housewives community in having a celebration as communal event to cultivate together the issue. This study shows that land ownership, activities, and alley are indispensable in the decision of extension space making. The more permanency status of land ownership the more permanent and various extension could be implemented. However, in some blocks, the existence of origin house or first land owner also has a significant role in coordination and agreement in using and modifying extension space. In outer-wide alley, the existence of more various activities in front area of the houses is significantly related with the chance given by having wider alley, particularly for informal income generating activities. In the inner-narrow alley, limited space in front of the houses affects more negotiations in the community for having more shared spaces, even inside their private space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=house%20extension" title="house extension">house extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housewives" title=" housewives"> housewives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=informal%20settlement" title=" informal settlement"> informal settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kampung" title=" kampung"> kampung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20density" title=" high density"> high density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63510/house-extension-strategy-in-high-density-informal-settlement-a-case-study-in-kampung-cikini-jakarta-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20modification&page=8" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20modification&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20modification&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic%20modification&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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