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id="toc-Shopping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Various_assaults" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Various_assaults"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Various assaults</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Various_assaults-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ivory_smuggling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ivory_smuggling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Ivory smuggling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ivory_smuggling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mazowe_Dam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mazowe_Dam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Mazowe Dam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mazowe_Dam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grace Mugabe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="غريس موغابي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غريس موغابي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Грейс Мугабе – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грейс Мугабе" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87" title="گریس موگابه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گریس موگابه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87" title="ग्रेस मुगाबे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रेस मुगाबे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%92%D7%90%D7%91%D7%94" title="גרייס מוגאבה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרייס מוגאבה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94" title="გრეის მუგაბე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრეის მუგაბე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89" title="جريس موجابى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جريس موجابى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%82%AC%E3%83%99" title="グレース・ムガベ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレース・ムガベ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5,_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Мугабе, Грейс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мугабе, Грейс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Грейс Мугабе – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грейс Мугабе" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="Grace Mugabe – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Grace Mugabe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%95%BE%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%8A%A0%E8%B4%9D" title="格蕾丝·穆加贝 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="格蕾丝·穆加贝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%95%BE%E7%B5%B2%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%8A%A0%E8%B2%9D" title="格蕾絲·穆加貝 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格蕾絲·穆加貝" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q453364#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grace_Mugabe" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Former First lady of Zimbabwe; wife of Robert Mugabe</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Grace Mugabe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grace_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53_(cropped).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Grace_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53_%28cropped%29.jpeg/250px-Grace_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53_%28cropped%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Grace_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53_%28cropped%29.jpeg/330px-Grace_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53_%28cropped%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Grace_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53_%28cropped%29.jpeg/500px-Grace_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53_%28cropped%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="955" data-file-height="1222" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Mugabe in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_Zimbabwe" title="First Lady of Zimbabwe">First Lady of Zimbabwe</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In role</b></span><br />17 August 1996 – 21 November 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sally_Mugabe" title="Sally Mugabe">Sally Mugabe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Auxillia_Mnangagwa" title="Auxillia Mnangagwa">Auxillia Mnangagwa</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th <a href="/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF_Women%27s_League#List_of_secretaries" title="ZANU–PF Women's League">Secretary of the ZANU–PF Women's League</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 December 2014 – December 2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oppah_Muchinguri" title="Oppah Muchinguri">Oppah Muchinguri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Chinomona" title="Mabel Chinomona">Mabel Chinomona</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Grace Ntombizodwa Marufu</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1965-07-23</span>) </span>23 July 1965<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 59)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Benoni,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Benoni, Gauteng">Benoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a><sup id="cite_ref-ZimIndie150724_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZimIndie150724-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ZANU-PF" class="mw-redirect" title="ZANU-PF">ZANU-PF</a> (2014–2017, expelled)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Goreraza" title="Stanley Goreraza">Stanley Goreraza</a><br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1983; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1996)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712" /> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a><br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1996; died 2019)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4, including <a href="/wiki/Bona_Mugabe" title="Bona Mugabe">Bona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Mugabe Jr">Robert Mugabe Jr</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Harare,_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="Harare, Zimbabwe">Harare, Zimbabwe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin University of China</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zimbabwe" title="University of Zimbabwe">University of Zimbabwe</a> (disputed)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Entrepreneur</li> <li>politician</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">Gucci Grace</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grace Ntombizodwa Mugabe</b> (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name" title="Birth name">née</a> <b>Marufu</b>; born 23 July 1965)<sup id="cite_ref-Bush_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bush-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a Zimbabwean entrepreneur, politician and the widow of the late President <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a>. She served as the <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_Zimbabwe" title="First Lady of Zimbabwe">First Lady of Zimbabwe</a> from 1996<sup id="cite_ref-marriage_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marriage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until her husband's resignation in November 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a week after he was ousted from power.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting as a secretary to Mugabe, she rose in the ranks of the ruling <a href="/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF" title="ZANU–PF">ZANU–PF</a> party to become the head of its <a href="/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF_Women%27s_League" title="ZANU–PF Women's League">Women's League</a> and a key figure in the <a href="/wiki/Generation_40" title="Generation 40">Generation 40</a> faction. At the same time, she gained a reputation for privilege and extravagance during a period of economic turmoil in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was given the nickname Gucci Grace due to her extravagance.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was expelled from the party, with other G40 members, during the <a href="/wiki/2017_Zimbabwean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état">2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état</a>. </p><p>Mugabe was cited as one of the Top 100 most influential Africans by <i><a href="/wiki/New_African" title="New African">New African</a></i> magazine in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grace Ntombizodwa was born in <a href="/wiki/Benoni,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Benoni, Gauteng">Benoni</a>, South Africa<sup id="cite_ref-20150715theguardian_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20150715theguardian-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to migrant parents as the fourth of five children in the family.<sup id="cite_ref-TH_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, she moved to <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>, to live with her mother, Idah Marufu in <a href="/wiki/Chivhu" title="Chivhu">Chivhu</a> while her father stayed and worked in South Africa to support his family.<sup id="cite_ref-TH_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She attended primary school in Chivhu and then the Kriste Mambo secondary school in <a href="/wiki/Manicaland_Province" title="Manicaland Province">Manicaland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TH_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TH-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She married air force pilot <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Goreraza" title="Stanley Goreraza">Stanley Goreraza</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they had a son, Russell Goreraza, born in 1984 when Grace was 19 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Guriraza_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guriraza-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stanley_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whilst working as secretary to the president, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a>, she became his mistress at a time when she was still married to Stanley Goreraza – and had two children, <a href="/wiki/Bona_Mugabe" title="Bona Mugabe">Bona</a> born in 1988, named after Mugabe's mother, and Robert Peter Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-Meldrum_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meldrum-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of Mugabe's first wife, <a href="/wiki/Sally_Hayfron" class="mw-redirect" title="Sally Hayfron">Sally Hayfron</a>, the couple were married in an extravagant Catholic mass titled the "Wedding of the Century" by the Zimbabwe press.<sup id="cite_ref-Meldrum_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meldrum-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chicko_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chicko-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of their marriage, Grace Marufu was 31 and Robert Mugabe was 72 years old. </p><p>Their second child, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Mugabe Jr">Robert Mugabe Jr</a>, was born in the early 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, she gave birth to the couple's third child, Chatunga Berlamine Mugabe.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grace Mugabe enrolled as an undergraduate student at the School of Liberal Arts, <a href="/wiki/Renmin_University_of_China" title="Renmin University of China">Renmin University</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in 2007, studying the Chinese language. She graduated in 2011. She admitted, however, that she was not proficient in Chinese after finishing the degree.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother Idah Marufu died on 31 August 2018, aged 84.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mugabe_family" title="Mugabe family">Mugabe family</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ZANU-PF">ZANU-PF</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: ZANU-PF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_cropped_Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_20160328_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_cropped_Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_20160328_2.jpg/200px-Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_cropped_Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_20160328_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_cropped_Grace_Mugabe_and_Akie_Abe_20160328_2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="204" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Akie_Abe" title="Akie Abe">Akie Abe</a> (in Japan, 28 March 2016)</figcaption></figure> <p>In late 2014, Grace Mugabe was critical of Vice-President <a href="/wiki/Joice_Mujuru" title="Joice Mujuru">Joice Mujuru</a>, who allegedly plotted against her husband, President Mugabe. Ultimately, the accusations against Mujuru resulted in her elimination as a candidate to succeed Mugabe and her effectively becoming an outcast within ZANU-PF by the time it held a <a href="/wiki/Party_congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Party congress">party congress</a> in December 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters20171117_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters20171117-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Grace Mugabe's political prominence increased. She was nominated as head of the <a href="/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF_Women%27s_League" title="ZANU–PF Women's League">ZANU–PF Women's League</a>, and delegates to the party congress approved her nomination by acclamation on 6 December 2014. In becoming head of the women's league, she also became a member of the ZANU-PF Politburo.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters141206_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters141206-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2016, the first lady's involvement in ZANU-PF in-house politics has seen rumours pointing out that she is fronting one of the party's secretive factions, the G40 (<a href="/wiki/Generation_40" title="Generation 40">Generation 40</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other faction, Lacoste, assumingly led by the Vice-President <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a>. Factionalism in ZANU-PF at the time centered mainly on the Mugabe succession question. </p><p>The feud between Grace Mugabe and <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Mnangagwa</a> reached a tipping point in late September 2017, with both parties pointing fingers to each other on ZANU PF public gatherings. While addressing an audience at Mahofa's memorial service, Mnangagwa claimed he was poisoned at a ZANU PF Youth Interface rally in Gwanda.<sup id="cite_ref-bulawayo24119034_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bulawayo24119034-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after Mnangagwa's remarks, President <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> called a shock cabinet reshuffle in what many believe to be power-shifting exercise. Mnangagwa, like fellow suspected allies, lost the justice ministry. October 2017 marked Grace Mugabe's peak political influence in ZANU PF.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In November 2017, Grace was instrumental in the firing of the then Vice-President, <a href="/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa" title="Emmerson Mnangagwa">Emmerson Mnangagwa</a>, after reprimanding him for causing divisions in Zanu PF. Shortly thereafter, Grace expressed her intentions of taking up the Vice-Presidency post. The country was in heightened tension and soon after that while Emmerson Mnangagwa had sought refuge outside of Zimbabwe, the military took over in <a href="/wiki/2017_Zimbabwean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état">a bloodless coup</a> under <a href="/wiki/Constantino_Chiwenga" title="Constantino Chiwenga">General Constantino Chiwenga</a>. Grace Mugabe was notably invisible at this time with various reports of her whereabouts. On 19 November, Grace Mugabe and 20 of her associates were expelled from the <a href="/wiki/ZANU-PF" class="mw-redirect" title="ZANU-PF">ZANU-PF</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Robert Mugabe died on 6 September 2019, both Mugabes were in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sanctions">Sanctions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sanctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After observers from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> were barred from examining Zimbabwe's 2002 elections, the EU imposed <a href="/wiki/International_sanctions" title="International sanctions">sanctions</a> on 20 members of the Zimbabwe leadership and then, in July, extended them to include Grace Mugabe and 51 others, banning them from travelling to participating countries and freezing any assets held there.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, the United States instituted similar restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grace_Mugabe_with_Robert_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grace_Mugabe_with_Robert_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53.jpeg/200px-Grace_Mugabe_with_Robert_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grace_Mugabe_with_Robert_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53.jpeg/300px-Grace_Mugabe_with_Robert_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grace_Mugabe_with_Robert_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53.jpeg/400px-Grace_Mugabe_with_Robert_Mugabe_2013-08-04_11-53.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3452" data-file-height="2292" /></a><figcaption>With <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> on 4 August 2013</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_estate">Real estate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Real estate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During her tenure as first lady, Grace Mugabe oversaw the construction of two palaces. The first, commonly referred to as "Gracelands", was criticised for its extravagance. Grace Mugabe later explained that she had paid for it with her own personal savings.<sup id="cite_ref-Meldrum_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meldrum-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later sold to <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>. The second was completed in 2007, costing around $50 million. The construction was funded by the ZANU-PF party to thank Robert Mugabe for his political service.<sup id="cite_ref-Graceland_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Graceland-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, Grace Mugabe toured farm properties in <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, looking for a new location for herself and her family. She chose the Iron Mask Estate, which had been previously owned by farmers John and Eva Matthews.<sup id="cite_ref-Farm_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farm-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The family owns property in Malaysia, and in early 2008, it was reported that Grace Mugabe hoped to move there with her children. The intention behind the move was to escape the stress of leadership and to address fears that the first family faces assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-Malaysia_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaysia-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also acquired property holdings in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, including a diamond cutting business and a property at <a href="/wiki/Tai_Po" title="Tai Po">Tai Po</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Territories" title="New Territories">New Territories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HongKong_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HongKong-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IOL news speculated that this property acquisition was intended as both a weekend getaway for their daughter, Bona, who was studying at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hong_Kong" title="University of Hong Kong">University of Hong Kong</a> under an assumed name,<sup id="cite_ref-Daughter_University_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daughter_University-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that she and her husband expect to escape to China should they be ousted from power in Zimbabwe. Legislators of the pro-democracy movement urged the Hong Kong government to study whether to follow international practice in barring certain foreign politicians as many people might be looking at buying properties, investments, or education in Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP-3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP-3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lee_Wing-tat" title="Lee Wing-tat">Lee Wing-tat</a> said Beijing should be making the decision since this was a foreign affair.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP-3_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP-3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Jiang_Yu" title="Jiang Yu">Jiang Yu</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China</a> said she was not aware of the Mugabes' alleged house purchase in Hong Kong and would not comment further.<sup id="cite_ref-News.iafrica.com_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-News.iafrica.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A professor at the University of Hong Kong said Beijing was trying to stay out of the controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP-3_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP-3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the People's Republic of China">Beijing central government</a> dismissed the concerns, adding that <a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a> members were allowed to buy properties in Hong Kong.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP-3_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP-3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was reported in 2015 that Zimbabwe was involved in a legal dispute over the ownership of the property in <a href="/wiki/Tai_Po" title="Tai Po">Tai Po</a> in which Bona Mugabe had stayed whilst a student in Hong Kong. The property had been acquired in June 2008 through a company controlled by Taiwanese-born South African businessman Hsieh Ping-sung for HK$40 million ($5.14 million) and transferred into his own name in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mugabes allege that the villa belonged to the Zimbabwean government, while Hsieh, who was once a Mugabe confidant, claims there was no question that the house belonged to him.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diamond_trade_allegations_and_lawsuit">Diamond trade allegations and lawsuit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diamond trade allegations and lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2010 <a href="/wiki/Contents_of_the_United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak_(Africa)" title="Contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak (Africa)">U.S. diplomatic cables</a> released by <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> brought up again earlier allegations<sup id="cite_ref-Tran201006_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tran201006-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that high-ranking Zimbabwean government officials and well-connected elites, including Mugabe's wife Grace, are generating millions of dollars in personal income by hiring teams of diggers to hand-extract diamonds from the <a href="/wiki/Chiadzwa" title="Chiadzwa">Chiadzwa</a> mine in eastern Zimbabwe.<sup id="cite_ref-SguazzinLatham_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SguazzinLatham-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Grace Mugabe was reported in 2010 to be suing a Zimbabwean newspaper over its reporting of claims released by WikiLeaks that she had made "tremendous profits" from the country's diamond mines. The president's wife is demanding $15m (£9.6m) from the Standard newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-4_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-4-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shopping">Shopping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Shopping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grace Mugabe is known for her lavish lifestyle, and Western media has nicknamed her "<a href="/wiki/Gucci" title="Gucci">Gucci</a> Grace".<sup id="cite_ref-scmp2120181_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp2120181-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reuters20171117_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters20171117-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a></i> called her "notorious at home for her profligacy" in the coverage of a 2003 trip to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-truffle_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-truffle-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which she was reported as spending £75,000 (approx US$120,000) in a short shopping spree; and in the years leading up to 2004 withdrew over £5 million from the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Zimbabwe" title="Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe">Central Bank of Zimbabwe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Malaysia_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malaysia-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Grace Mugabe was included in the 2002 sanctions, one EU parliamentarian said that the ban would "stop Grace Mugabe going on her shopping trips in the face of catastrophic poverty blighting the people of Zimbabwe".<sup id="cite_ref-sanctions_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sanctions-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She faces similar sanctions in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Bush_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bush-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Controversy ensued when Grace Mugabe was given a doctoral degree in sociology in September 2014 from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zimbabwe" title="University of Zimbabwe">University of Zimbabwe</a> two months after entering the programme. She was awarded the degree by her husband and University Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a>. Her doctoral thesis was not published in the university archive along with other graduates and she has faced calls to return her PhD.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCReturnPhD_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCReturnPhD-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The awarding of the degree caused a backlash in the Zimbabwean academic community, with some commenting that this could harm the reputation of the university.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-2_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AllAfrica140919_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllAfrica140919-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StdTimes140916_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StdTimes140916-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IBTimes140915_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBTimes140915-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Newsday140913_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newsday140913-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZimIndie141024_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZimIndie141024-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 January 2018, the University website published Grace Mugabe's PhD thesis (without a signature page of a doctoral committee).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Levi Nyagura, the vice chancellor of the University of Zimbabwe, was arrested in 2018 by the Zimbabwe Anti-Corruption Commission to be charged with abuse of office following an investigation into the PhD.<sup id="cite_ref-eNCA_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eNCA-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Various_assaults">Various assaults</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Various assaults"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mugabe's reputation for violence and hot temper earned her the nickname of "Dis-Grace" at home.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters20171117_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters20171117-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have also been incidents abroad: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> reported on 18 January 2009 that, while on a shopping trip in Hong Kong where her daughter <a href="/wiki/Bona_Mugabe" title="Bona Mugabe">Bona Mugabe</a> was a university student,<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP-1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP-1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mugabe ordered her bodyguard to assault <i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunday Times">Sunday Times</a></i> photographer <a href="/wiki/Richard_Jones_(photojournalist)" title="Richard Jones (photojournalist)">Richard Jones</a> outside her luxury hotel. She then joined in the attack, punching Jones repeatedly in the face while wearing diamond encrusted rings, causing him cuts and abrasions.<sup id="cite_ref-assault_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-assault-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BrookSun434_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BrookSun434-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was subsequently granted <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity" title="Diplomatic immunity">immunity</a> from prosecution 'under Chinese diplomatic rules' because of her status as Mugabe's wife.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-5_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-5-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2017, while visiting South Africa to treat an ankle injury, Grace is said to have assaulted a 20-year-old model, Gabriella Engels, and two friends, who were in the company of her two younger sons, Robert Jr. and Chatunga, at a hotel in <a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc40934890_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc40934890-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is alleged that Grace hit the women and her sons, with an extension cord, causing various injuries including a deep gash on Engels' forehead.<sup id="cite_ref-news2420170819_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news2420170819-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was after accusing the women of living with her sons. After charges were laid by Engels for "assault with intent to cause <a href="/wiki/Grievous_bodily_harm" title="Grievous bodily harm">grievous bodily harm</a>", Grace was due to appear at a Johannesburg court on 15 August 2017, but failed to do so;<sup id="cite_ref-sandtonchronicle185688_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sandtonchronicle185688-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she was subsequently granted diplomatic immunity.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc40990934_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc40990934-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After President Robert Mugabe got deposed by Emmerson Mnangagwa, Gabriella Engels posted a tweet vowing revenge on Grace Mugabe.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 July 2018, the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_South_Africa" title="High Court of South Africa">South African High Court</a> stripped Grace of her diplomatic immunity and allowed the case involving her assault against Engels to proceed.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ivory_smuggling">Ivory smuggling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ivory smuggling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A police spokeswoman stated on 26 March 2018 that they were investigating a case of alleged <a href="/wiki/Ivory_smuggling" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivory smuggling">ivory smuggling</a> linked to Grace. The spokesman for Zimbabwe's national parks and wildlife agency stated that Mugabe and senior members of her staff had forced parks' officials to sign export permits for ivory pieces during her husband's presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mazowe_Dam">Mazowe Dam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mazowe Dam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, Grace's Mazowe Citrus Estate took control of 60 percent of the <a href="/wiki/Mazowe_Dam" title="Mazowe Dam">Mazowe Dam</a>. On 24 August 2018. Zimbabwe President Emmerson Mnangagwa issued a provision ordering the Mugabe family to vacate the Dam and return their share to the Environment, Water, and Climate Ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ZimIndie150724-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZimIndie150724_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2015/07/24/grace-mugabe-from-chivu-to-gracelands/">"Grace Mugabe: From Chivu to Gracelands"</a>. <i>The Zimbabwe Independent</i>. 24 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harare+Tribune&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+about+Grace+Mugabe&rft.aulast=Chikaya&rft.aufirst=Chicko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hararetribune.com%2FArticles08%2FArticles06%2FArticles10%2Fnews106.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Mugabe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64705238">"Robert Mugabe's son arrested in Zimbabwe over cars trashed at Harare party"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bulawayo 24 News, 3 October 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41890493">"Zimbabwe politics: Mugabe sacks 'disloyal' Mnangagwa"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sandton+Chronicle&rft.atitle=%23DisGraceful%3A+Grace+Mugabe+is+a+no-show+at+court&rft.date=2017-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsandtonchronicle.co.za%2F185688%2Ffirst-lady-zimbabwe-allegedly-beats-joburg-woman-gets-evicted%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Mugabe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc40990934-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc40990934_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-40990934">"Grace Mugabe: South Africa grants immunity despite assault claim"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Grace+Mugabe%3A+South+Africa+grants+immunity+despite+assault+claim&rft.date=2017-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-40990934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Mugabe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://myhararetimes.com/grace-mugabe-victim-threatens-revenge/">"Grace #Mugabe victim threatens revenge - My Harare Times News"</a>. 21 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Grace+%23Mugabe+victim+threatens+revenge+-+My+Harare+Times+News&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmyhararetimes.com%2Fgrace-mugabe-victim-threatens-revenge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Mugabe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrobler2018" class="citation web cs1">Grobler, Riaan (30 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/it-would-be-unwise-for-grace-mugabe-to-visit-sa-again-say-legal-experts-20180730">"It would be 'unwise' for Grace Mugabe to visit SA again, say legal experts"</a>. <i>News24</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News24&rft.atitle=It+would+be+%27unwise%27+for+Grace+Mugabe+to+visit+SA+again%2C+say+legal+experts&rft.date=2018-07-30&rft.aulast=Grobler&rft.aufirst=Riaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2FSouthAfrica%2FNews%2Fit-would-be-unwise-for-grace-mugabe-to-visit-sa-again-say-legal-experts-20180730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Mugabe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.herald.co.zw/just-in-sa-court-overturns-immunity-for-grace-mugabe-in-assault-case/">"JUST IN: SA court overturns immunity for Grace Mugabe in assault case"</a>. <i>The Herald</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Herald&rft.atitle=JUST+IN%3A+SA+court+overturns+immunity+for+Grace+Mugabe+in+assault+case&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.herald.co.zw%2Fjust-in-sa-court-overturns-immunity-for-grace-mugabe-in-assault-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Mugabe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMutsaka2018" class="citation news cs1">Mutsaka, Farai (26 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180326131950/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/grace-mugabe-linked-to-alleged-ivory-smuggling-in-zimbabwe/2018/03/26/f866fca6-30d3-11e8-b6bd-0084a1666987_story.html">"Grace Mugabe linked to alleged ivory smuggling in Zimbabwe"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/grace-mugabe-linked-to-alleged-ivory-smuggling-in-zimbabwe/2018/03/26/f866fca6-30d3-11e8-b6bd-0084a1666987_story.html">the original</a> on 26 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Grace+Mugabe+linked+to+alleged+ivory+smuggling+in+Zimbabwe&rft.date=2018-03-26&rft.aulast=Mutsaka&rft.aufirst=Farai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fgrace-mugabe-linked-to-alleged-ivory-smuggling-in-zimbabwe%2F2018%2F03%2F26%2Ff866fca6-30d3-11e8-b6bd-0084a1666987_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Mugabe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharles2018" class="citation web cs1">Charles, Mabhena (25 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zwnews.com/ed-signs-statutory-provision-to-kick-mugabe-family-out-of-mazowe-dam/">"ED signs statutory provision to kick Mugabe family out of Mazowe Dam"</a>. <i>ZIM NEWS | Latest Zim News | Breaking Zimbabwe Update News Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZIM+NEWS+%7C+Latest+Zim+News+%7C+Breaking+Zimbabwe+Update+News+Today&rft.atitle=ED+signs+statutory+provision+to+kick+Mugabe+family+out+of+Mazowe+Dam&rft.date=2018-08-25&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=Mabhena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzwnews.com%2Fed-signs-statutory-provision-to-kick-mugabe-family-out-of-mazowe-dam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrace+Mugabe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grace_Mugabe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Grace_Mugabe" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Grace Mugabe">Grace Mugabe</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_ladies_of_Zimbabwe" title="Template:First ladies of Zimbabwe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_ladies_of_Zimbabwe" title="Template talk:First ladies of Zimbabwe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_ladies_of_Zimbabwe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First ladies of Zimbabwe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_ladies_of_Zimbabwe51" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_Zimbabwe" title="First Lady of Zimbabwe">First ladies of Zimbabwe</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Banana" title="Janet Banana">Janet Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Hayfron" class="mw-redirect" title="Sally Hayfron">Sally Hayfron</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grace Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxillia_Mnangagwa" title="Auxillia Mnangagwa">Auxillia Mnangagwa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Zimbabwe"><img alt="Flag of Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/60px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/120px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Robert_Mugabe516" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robert_Mugabe" title="Template:Robert Mugabe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robert_Mugabe" title="Template talk:Robert Mugabe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robert_Mugabe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robert Mugabe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Robert_Mugabe516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Zimbabwe" title="Prime Minister of Zimbabwe">Prime Minister of Zimbabwe</a> (1980–1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Zimbabwe" title="President of Zimbabwe">President of Zimbabwe</a> (1987–2017)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Revolutionary<br />activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union" title="Zimbabwe African National Union">Zimbabwe African National Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Front_(Zimbabwe)" title="Patriotic Front (Zimbabwe)">Patriotic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Union_%E2%80%93_Patriotic_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front">Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_African_National_Liberation_Army" title="Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army">Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conference_(1976)" title="Geneva Conference (1976)">Geneva Conference (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancaster_House_Agreement" title="Lancaster House Agreement">Lancaster House Agreement (1979)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Robert_Mugabe_May_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Premiership &<br />presidency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_supremacy" title="Black supremacy">Black supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Entumbane_clashes" title="1980 Entumbane clashes">Entumbane I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Entumbane_uprising" title="1981 Entumbane uprising">Entumbane II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gukurahundi" title="Gukurahundi">Gukurahundi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform_in_Zimbabwe" title="Land reform in Zimbabwe">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperinflation_in_Zimbabwe" title="Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe">Hyperinflation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Murambatsvina" title="Operation Murambatsvina">Operation Murambatsvina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mavhoterapapi" title="Operation Mavhoterapapi">Operation Mavhoterapapi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dzikisai_Madhishi" title="Operation Dzikisai Madhishi">Operation Dzikisai Madhishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Operations_Command_(Zimbabwe)" title="Joint Operations Command (Zimbabwe)">Joint Operations Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Zimbabwe">LGBT persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_Zimbabwean_political_negotiations" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–09 Zimbabwean political negotiations">2008–09 political negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Government_of_National_Unity_of_2009" title="Zimbabwe Government of National Unity of 2009">2009 Government of National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Zimbabwean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état">2017 coup d'état and resignation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>As Prime Minister (<a href="/wiki/1980_Southern_Rhodesian_general_election" title="1980 Southern Rhodesian general election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Zimbabwean_parliamentary_election" title="1985 Zimbabwean parliamentary election">1985</a>)</li> <li>As President (<a href="/wiki/1990_Zimbabwean_general_election" title="1990 Zimbabwean general election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Zimbabwean_presidential_election" title="1996 Zimbabwean presidential election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Zimbabwean_presidential_election" title="2002 Zimbabwean presidential election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Zimbabwean_general_election" title="2008 Zimbabwean general election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Zimbabwean_general_election" title="2013 Zimbabwean general election">2013</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mugabe_and_the_White_African" title="Mugabe and the White African">Mugabe and the White African</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mugabe%27s_Zimbabwe" title="Mugabe's Zimbabwe">Mugabe's Zimbabwe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mugabe_family" title="Mugabe family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Mugabe" title="Sally Mugabe">Sally Mugabe</a> (first wife)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grace Mugabe</a> (second wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe_Jr" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Mugabe Jr">Robert Mugabe Jr</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bona_Mugabe" title="Bona Mugabe">Bona Mugabe</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabina_Mugabe" title="Sabina Mugabe">Sabina Mugabe</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Gara" title="Tony Gara">Tony Gara</a> (cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Zhuwao" title="Patrick Zhuwao">Patrick Zhuwao</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_House,_Harare" title="Zimbabwe House, Harare">Zimbabwe House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_House_(Zimbabwe)" class="mw-redirect" title="State House (Zimbabwe)">State House, Harare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_House_(Bulawayo)" class="mw-redirect" title="State House (Bulawayo)">State House, Bulawayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Roof" title="Blue Roof">Blue Roof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gabriel_Mugabe_International_Airport" title="Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport">Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Robert_Mugabe" title="Statue of Robert Mugabe">Statue of Robert Mugabe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Canaan_Banana" title="Canaan 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453364#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata948" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453364#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata948" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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