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class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Huvudmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Huvudmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Huvudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sv.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> 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<div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Broskfiskar" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Broskfiskar" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Broskfiskar" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Systematik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systematik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Systematik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systematik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Systematik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systematik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taxonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Taxonomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broskfiskarnas_anatomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broskfiskarnas_anatomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Broskfiskarnas anatomi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broskfiskarnas_anatomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduktion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduktion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reproduktion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduktion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lista_över_nu_levande_ordningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lista_över_nu_levande_ordningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lista över nu levande ordningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lista_över_nu_levande_ordningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sammanställning_över_utdöda_ordningar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sammanställning_över_utdöda_ordningar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sammanställning över utdöda ordningar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sammanställning_över_utdöda_ordningar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Noter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Broskfiskar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 88 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraakbeenvisse" title="Kraakbeenvisse – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kraakbeenvisse" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knorpelfische" title="Knorpelfische – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Knorpelfische" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أسماك غضروفية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسماك غضروفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pira_ikyr%C3%BDuva" title="Pira ikyrýuva – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pira ikyrýuva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1rdaql%C4%B1_bal%C4%B1qlar" title="Qığırdaqlı balıqlar – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qığırdaqlı balıqlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%82%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قیغیرداق‌لی بالیقلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قیغیرداق‌لی بالیقلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C5%84g-kut-h%C3%AE" title="Nńg-kut-hî – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Nńg-kut-hî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кимерсәкле балыҡтар – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кимерсәкле балыҡтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Храстковыя рыбы – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Храстковыя рыбы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Храстковыя рыбы – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Храстковыя рыбы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%89%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Хрущялни риби – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хрущялни риби" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1ljoribe" title="Rušljoribe – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rušljoribe" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondriktied" title="Kondriktied – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kondriktied" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peixos_cartilaginosos" title="Peixos cartilaginosos – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Peixos cartilaginosos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paryby" title="Paryby – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paryby" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruskfisk" title="Bruskfisk – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bruskfisk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knorpelfische" title="Knorpelfische – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Knorpelfische" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3%C3%B3%CA%BC_ooshg%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99zhii" title="Łóóʼ ooshgę́ęzhii – navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Łóóʼ ooshgę́ęzhii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B5hrkalad" title="Kõhrkalad – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kõhrkalad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Χονδριχθύες – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χονδριχθύες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartilagaj_fi%C5%9Doj" title="Kartilagaj fiŝoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kartilagaj fiŝoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondriktie" title="Kondriktie – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kondriktie" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86" title="غضروف‌ماهیان – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غضروف‌ماهیان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreakbienfisken" title="Kreakbienfisken – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kreakbienfisken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iasc_loinge%C3%A1nach" title="Iasc loingeánach – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iasc loingeánach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condrictios" title="Condrictios – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condrictios" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B0%EA%B3%A8%EC%96%B4%EB%A5%98" title="연골어류 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="연골어류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%BC%D5%B3%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կռճիկային ձկներ – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կռճիկային ձկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC" title="कॉन्ड्रीइक्थीज़ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कॉन्ड्रीइक्थीज़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrskavi%C4%8Dnja%C4%8De" title="Hrskavičnjače – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hrskavičnjače" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%84%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Æргъиуджын кæфтæ – ossetiska" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æргъиуджын кæфтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brj%C3%B3skfiskar" title="Brjóskfiskar – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brjóskfiskar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A1" title="דגי סחוס – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דגי סחוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾಂಡ್ರಿಕ್ತೈಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಂಡ್ರಿಕ್ತೈಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ხრტილიანი თევზები – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხრტილიანი თევზები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Шеміршекті балықтар – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шеміршекті балықтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кемирчектүү балыктар – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кемирчектүү балыктар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – västmariska" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="västmariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrim%C5%A1%C4%BCzivis" title="Skrimšļzivis – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skrimšļzivis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knorpelf%C3%ABsch" title="Knorpelfësch – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Knorpelfësch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremzlin%C4%97s_%C5%BEuvys" title="Kremzlinės žuvys – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kremzlinės žuvys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – liguriska" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcos_halak" title="Porcos halak – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Porcos halak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99%D0%A0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="’Рскавични риби – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="’Рскавични риби" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87" title="اسماك غضروفيه – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسماك غضروفيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraakbeenvissen" title="Kraakbeenvissen – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kraakbeenvissen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AA%A8%E9%AD%9A%E7%B6%B1" title="軟骨魚綱 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="軟骨魚綱" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graselfasker" title="Graselfasker – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Graselfasker" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruskfisker" title="Bruskfisker – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bruskfisker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruskfiskar" title="Bruskfiskar – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bruskfiskar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tog%CA%BBayli_baliqlar" title="Togʻayli baliqlar – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Togʻayli baliqlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%91%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%DA%86%DA%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="مڑکنی مچھیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مڑکنی مچھیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="غضروفی کبان – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غضروفی کبان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pichons_cartiladjineus" title="Pichons cartiladjineus – pikardiska" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pichons cartiladjineus" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryby_chrz%C4%99stnoszkieletowe" title="Ryby chrzęstnoszkieletowe – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ryby chrzęstnoszkieletowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27apa_challwa" title="K'apa challwa – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'apa challwa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Хрящевые рыбы – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хрящевые рыбы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%BF%D9%8A%D8%B2" title="ڪانڊرڪٿيز – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪانڊرڪٿيز" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drsnoko%C5%BEce" title="Drsnokožce – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Drsnokožce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrustan%C4%8Dnice" title="Hrustančnice – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hrustančnice" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%88%D1%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5" title="Рушљорибе – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рушљорибе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrskavi%C4%8Dnja%C4%8De" title="Hrskavičnjače – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hrskavičnjače" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustokalat" title="Rustokalat – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rustokalat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ปลากระดูกอ่อน – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปลากระดูกอ่อน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika_niuniu" title="Ika niuniu – tonganska" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Ika niuniu" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tonganska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1k%C4%B1rdakl%C4%B1_bal%C4%B1klar" title="Kıkırdaklı balıklar – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kıkırdaklı balıklar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Хрящові риби – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хрящові риби" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%9Bp_C%C3%A1_s%E1%BB%A5n" title="Lớp Cá sụn – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lớp Cá sụn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroakb%C3%AAenvisn" title="Kroakbêenvisn – västflamländska" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kroakbêenvisn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="västflamländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" title="Chondrichthyes – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Chondrichthyes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%AA%A8%E9%B1%BC%E7%BA%B2" 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r53696904">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;padding:.2em;float:right;clear:right;width:22em;text-align:left;font-size:88%;line-height:1.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:top;padding:0 .2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedrow th{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:3px; font-size:95%;width:20.3788em;padding:.18em;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="padding:2px; text-align:center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background:pink">Broskfiskar<br /><span style="font-size:.8em"><a href="/wiki/Stratigrafisk_utbredning" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratigrafisk utbredning">Stratigrafisk utbredning</a>: Tidig <a href="/wiki/Silur" title="Silur">silur</a> - Nutid<sup id="cite_ref-botella_et_al_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-botella_et_al-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fossilworks_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fossilworks-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chondrichthyes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Chondrichthyes.jpg/250px-Chondrichthyes.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Chondrichthyes.jpg/375px-Chondrichthyes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Chondrichthyes.jpg/500px-Chondrichthyes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="872" /></a></span> <div style=""><a href="/wiki/Hajar" title="Hajar">Hajar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockor" title="Rockor">rockor</a> och <a href="/wiki/Helhuvudfiskar" title="Helhuvudfiskar">helhuvudfiskar</a>, är exempel på broskfiskar.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:pink"><a href="/wiki/Systematik_(biologi)" title="Systematik (biologi)">Systematik</a></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dom%C3%A4n_(biologi)" title="Domän (biologi)">Domän</a></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Eukaryoter" title="Eukaryoter">Eukaryoter</a><br />Eukaryota</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi)">Rike</a></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Djur" title="Djur">Djur</a><br />Animalia</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fylum" title="Fylum">Stam</a></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Ryggstr%C3%A4ngsdjur" title="Ryggsträngsdjur">Ryggsträngsdjur</a><br />Chordata</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Understam" title="Understam">Understam</a></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Ryggradsdjur" title="Ryggradsdjur">Ryggradsdjur</a><br />Vertebrata</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;">(orankad)</th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Fiskar" title="Fiskar">Fiskar</a><br />Pisces</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Klass_(biologi)" title="Klass (biologi)">Klass</a></th><td class="" style=""><b>Broskfiskar</b><br />Chondrichthyes</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:pink"><a href="/wiki/Vetenskapligt_namn" title="Vetenskapligt namn">Vetenskapligt namn</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span style="float:right; font-size:70%;"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chondrichthyes" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Chondrichthyes">§</a></span> Chondrichthyes</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Auktorsnamn" title="Auktorsnamn">Auktor</a></th><td class="" style=""><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huxley" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Huxley">Thomas Huxley</a>, 1880<sup id="cite_ref-Fossilworks_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fossilworks-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:pink"><a href="/wiki/Underklass_(biologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underklass (biologi)">Underklasser</a> och <a href="/wiki/%C3%96verordning" class="mw-redirect" title="Överordning">överordningar</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hajar_och_rockor" title="Hajar och rockor">Hajar och rockor</a> (Elasmobranchii) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hajar" title="Hajar">Hajar</a> (Selachimorpha)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockor" title="Rockor">Rockor</a> (Batoidea)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helhuvudfiskar" title="Helhuvudfiskar">Helhuvudfiskar</a> (Holocephali)</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:pink" class=""><small>Hitta fler artiklar om djur med </small><div style="font-size:1.1em"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Djur" title="Portal:Djur">Djurportalen</a></b></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Broskfiskar</b> (Chondrichthyes) är en <a href="/wiki/Klass_(biologi)" title="Klass (biologi)">klass</a> primitiva <a href="/wiki/Fiskar" title="Fiskar">fiskar</a> som saknar <a href="/wiki/Benbildning" title="Benbildning">benbildning</a> och därför har en mycket snabb <a href="/wiki/Regenerering" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerering">regenerering</a> (återtillväxt av förlorade vävnader eller hela kroppsdelar) av sitt <a href="/wiki/Endoskelett" class="mw-redirect" title="Endoskelett">endoskelett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JoEB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoEB-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De löser normalt också <a href="/wiki/Osmos" title="Osmos">osmosproblem</a> genom att hålla samma, eller högre <a href="/wiki/Salinitet" title="Salinitet">salinitet</a> än omgivningen med hjälp av höga halter av <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urea</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=TMAO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TMAO [inte skriven än]">trimetylaminoxid</a> i blodet. Broskfiskar har skelett av brosk. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematik">Systematik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Systematik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Systematik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Expleuracanthus1DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Expleuracanthus1DB.jpg/250px-Expleuracanthus1DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Expleuracanthus1DB.jpg/375px-Expleuracanthus1DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Expleuracanthus1DB.jpg/500px-Expleuracanthus1DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1058" /></a><figcaption>Flertalet broskfiskar är utdöda arter som återfunnits som fossil. Här är exempelvis en förhistorisk haj av släktet <i>Expleuracanthus</i> som dog ut under <a href="/wiki/Perm_(period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perm (period)">Perm-perioden</a> för ungefär 270 miljoner år sedan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Broskfiskar indelas vanligen i tre grupper, <a href="/wiki/Hajar" title="Hajar">hajar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockor" title="Rockor">rockor</a> och <a href="/wiki/Helhuvudfiskar" title="Helhuvudfiskar">helhuvudfiskar</a>. Hajar och rockor utgör tillsammans underklassen Elasmobranchii,<sup id="cite_ref-Bigelow_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bigelow-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> medan helhuvudfiskarna bildar underklassen Holocephali. Den sistnämnda innehåller bara en nu levande ordning, vilket är <a href="/wiki/Havsmusartade_fiskar" title="Havsmusartade fiskar">havsmusartade fiskar</a> (Chimaeriformes). Totalt omfattar klassen cirka 800 arter av hajar och rockor och 49 havsmusartade fiskar.<sup id="cite_ref-COL_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COL-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Till broskfiskarna har tidigare också räknats de nu utdöda <a href="/wiki/Pansarhajar" title="Pansarhajar">pansarhajarna</a> (Placodermi) men dessa placeras numera i en egen klass.<sup id="cite_ref-NE_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NE-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Broskfiskarna utvecklades under <a href="/wiki/Devon_(period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Devon (period)">Devon-perioden</a>, och 395 miljoner år gamla fossilfynd har påträffats.<sup id="cite_ref-botella_et_al_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-botella_et_al-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fossilworks_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fossilworks-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxonomi">Taxonomi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Taxonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Taxonomi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lista i <a href="/wiki/Taxonomi" title="Taxonomi">taxonomisk</a> ordning enligt Leonard Compagno, 2005<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Utöver dessa finns en mängd kända utdöda grupper inom klassen. </p> <dl><dt>Underklass <a href="/wiki/Holocephali" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocephali">Holocephali</a> (helhuvudfiskar)</dt></dl> <ul><li>Överordning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocephalimorpha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holocephalimorpha [inte skriven än]">Holocephalimorpha</a> <ul><li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Chimaeriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimaeriformes">Chimaeriformes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Underklass <a href="/wiki/Elasmobranchii" class="mw-redirect" title="Elasmobranchii">Elasmobranchii</a> (hajar och rockor)</dt></dl> <ul><li>Överordning Galeomorphi (moderna hajar) <ul><li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Heterodontiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterodontiformes">Heterodontiformes</a></li> <li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Orectolobiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Orectolobiformes">Orectolobiformes</a></li> <li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Lamniformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamniformes">Lamniformes</a></li> <li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Carcharhiniformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcharhiniformes">Carcharhiniformes</a></li></ul></li> <li>Överordning Squalomorphi <ul><li>Ordning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlamydoselachiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlamydoselachiformes [inte skriven än]">Chlamydoselachiformes</a> (förs ofta till Hexanchiformes)</li> <li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Hexanchiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexanchiformes">Hexanchiformes</a></li> <li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Squaliformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Squaliformes">Squaliformes</a></li> <li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Squatiniformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Squatiniformes">Squatiniformes</a></li> <li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Pristiophoriformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pristiophoriformes">Pristiophoriformes</a></li></ul></li> <li>Överordning <a href="/wiki/Batoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Batoidea">Batoidea</a> (rockor) <ul><li>Ordning<a href="/wiki/Torpediniformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Torpediniformes">Torpediniformes</a></li> <li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Pristiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pristiformes">Pristiformes</a></li> <li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Rajiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajiformes">Rajiformes</a></li> <li>Ordning <a href="/wiki/Myliobatiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Myliobatiformes">Myliobatiformes</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broskfiskarnas_anatomi">Broskfiskarnas anatomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Broskfiskarnas anatomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Broskfiskarnas anatomi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Trimethylamine-N-oxide-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Trimethylamine-N-oxide-3D-balls.png/250px-Trimethylamine-N-oxide-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Trimethylamine-N-oxide-3D-balls.png/375px-Trimethylamine-N-oxide-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Trimethylamine-N-oxide-3D-balls.png/500px-Trimethylamine-N-oxide-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1709" /></a><figcaption>Den kemiska strukturen för TMAO - trimetylaminoxid - som spelar en avgörande roll för broskfiskarnas saltreglering.</figcaption></figure> <p>Till skillnad från övriga fiskar har broskfiskarna, som namnet anger, <a href="/wiki/Skelett" title="Skelett">skelett</a> och struktur med <a href="/wiki/Brosk" title="Brosk">brosk</a> i stället för <a href="/wiki/Ben_(skelett)" title="Ben (skelett)">ben</a>. Brosk är mer flexibelt än ben. Vid skador kan brosk regenereras snabbare.<sup id="cite_ref-Tropicarium_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tropicarium-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brosket kräver dock en mer robust konstruktion hos skelettet vilket åstadkoms av en förkalkningsprocess med kalciumsalter. </p><p>Broskfiskarna har 5-7 <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A4l" class="mw-redirect" title="Gäl">gälar</a> för att andas med. Hajarna har gälspringor på vardera sidan av huvudet, medan en del andra familjer har gälarna på undersidan. Broskfiskarna har näsborrar och flertalet släkten även känsliga luktorgan, som kan känna lukten av byten på långt avstånd.<sup id="cite_ref-Zoologi.se_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zoologi.se-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alla broskfiskar har fenor i en eller annan form. Stingrockor har både bröst- och bäckenfenor, som ryggfenor och stjärtfena. </p><p>Reproduktionsorganen hos broskfiskar kallas <a href="/wiki/Kloak%C3%B6ppning" title="Kloaköppning">kloak</a> hos honan och <a href="/wiki/Claspers" class="mw-redirect" title="Claspers">clasper</a> hos hanen. Claspern motsvarar däggdjurens <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenthal_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hanarna har visserligen också kloak, men då endast för utsöndring. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Denticules_cutan%C3%A9s_du_requin_citron_Negaprion_brevirostris_vus_au_microscope_%C3%A9lectronique_%C3%A0_balayage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Denticules_cutan%C3%A9s_du_requin_citron_Negaprion_brevirostris_vus_au_microscope_%C3%A9lectronique_%C3%A0_balayage.jpg/250px-Denticules_cutan%C3%A9s_du_requin_citron_Negaprion_brevirostris_vus_au_microscope_%C3%A9lectronique_%C3%A0_balayage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Denticules_cutan%C3%A9s_du_requin_citron_Negaprion_brevirostris_vus_au_microscope_%C3%A9lectronique_%C3%A0_balayage.jpg/375px-Denticules_cutan%C3%A9s_du_requin_citron_Negaprion_brevirostris_vus_au_microscope_%C3%A9lectronique_%C3%A0_balayage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Denticules_cutan%C3%A9s_du_requin_citron_Negaprion_brevirostris_vus_au_microscope_%C3%A9lectronique_%C3%A0_balayage.jpg/500px-Denticules_cutan%C3%A9s_du_requin_citron_Negaprion_brevirostris_vus_au_microscope_%C3%A9lectronique_%C3%A0_balayage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1379" data-file-height="1014" /></a><figcaption>Plakoidfjäll sedda genom <a href="/wiki/Elektronmikroskop" title="Elektronmikroskop">elektronmikroskop</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Broskfiskar saknar <a href="/wiki/Simbl%C3%A5sa" title="Simblåsa">simblåsa</a> och har istället en oljerik lever som hjälper dem att få flytkraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenthal_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Levern har vanligtvis två lober, medan benfiskarnas lever har tre lober. </p><p>De utdöda pansarhajarna hade benskelett, vilket kan tyda på att djur med broskskelett utvecklades senare, efter <a href="/wiki/Devon_(period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Devon (period)">devontiden</a>. </p><p>En unik anatomisk detalj hos broskfiskarna är <a href="/wiki/Plakoidfj%C3%A4ll" title="Plakoidfjäll">plakoidfjällen</a> eller hudtänderna.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenthal_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dessa är förankrade i läderhud och överhud och tillåter fiskarna att simma betydligt tystare och mer energieffektivt då de bildas små strömvirvlar kring fjällen vilket minskar vattenfriktioner när fisken rör sig i vattnet. </p><p>Broskfiskar har stora mängder <a href="/wiki/Urea" title="Urea">urinämne</a> och <a href="/w/index.php?title=TMAO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TMAO [inte skriven än]">TMAO</a> i blodet. Det ökar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osmolaritet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osmolaritet [inte skriven än]">den osmotiska koncentrationen</a> i blodet så att den är högre än saltvattnets varför de inte förlorar vatten till omgivningen. TMAO (trimetylaminoxid) tjänstgör som stabilisator, så att inte den höga koncentrationen av urinämne leder till förgiftning.<sup id="cite_ref-SFS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFS-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LundsUniversitet_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LundsUniversitet-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En rektalkörtel för, via anus ut överskott av salter.<sup id="cite_ref-Zoologi.se_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zoologi.se-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reproduktion">Reproduktion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Reproduktion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Reproduktion"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Befruktning" title="Befruktning">Befruktning</a> hos broskfiskar sker inne i kroppen. Merparten föder levande ungar (<a href="/wiki/Ovovivipari" title="Ovovivipari">ovovivipara arter</a>) men det förekommer även äggläggare (<a href="/wiki/Ovipari" title="Ovipari">ovipara arter</a>). Ett fåtal arter är <a href="/wiki/Vivipari" title="Vivipari">vivipara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenthal_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenthal-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Föräldrarna tar inte hand om sin avkomma efter födseln men vissa arter vaktar sina ägg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lista_över_nu_levande_ordningar"><span id="Lista_.C3.B6ver_nu_levande_ordningar"></span>Lista över nu levande ordningar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Lista över nu levande ordningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Lista över nu levande ordningar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sammanställning över levande <a href="/wiki/Ordning_(biologi)" title="Ordning (biologi)">ordningar</a>. (Ej taxonomisk ordning) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="13">Ordningar av broskfiskar </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Grupp </th> <th rowspan="2">Ordning </th> <th rowspan="2">Bild </th> <th rowspan="2">Namn </th> <th rowspan="2">Auktor </th> <th rowspan="2">Familjer </th> <th rowspan="2">Släkten </th> <th rowspan="2">Kommentar </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" rowspan="4"><span style="color:white;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galeomorphii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galeomorphii [inte skriven än]">Galeomorphii</a></span> </td> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(125,125,180)"><span style="color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A5hajartade_hajar" title="Gråhajartade hajar">Carcharhiniformes</a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sphyrna_mokarran_at_georgia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Sphyrna_mokarran_at_georgia.jpg/140px-Sphyrna_mokarran_at_georgia.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Sphyrna_mokarran_at_georgia.jpg/210px-Sphyrna_mokarran_at_georgia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Sphyrna_mokarran_at_georgia.jpg/280px-Sphyrna_mokarran_at_georgia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="937" data-file-height="472" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A5hajartade_hajar" title="Gråhajartade hajar">Gråhajartade hajar</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Compagno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Compagno [inte skriven än]">Compagno</a>, 1977</small> </td> <td align="center">8<sup id="cite_ref-Carcharhiniformes_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carcharhiniformes-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">50<sup id="cite_ref-Carcharhiniformes_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carcharhiniformes-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(140,140,190)"><a href="/wiki/Tjurhuvudhajar" title="Tjurhuvudhajar"><span style="color:white;">Heterodontiformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hornhai_(Heterodontus_francisci).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hornhai_%28Heterodontus_francisci%29.JPG/140px-Hornhai_%28Heterodontus_francisci%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hornhai_%28Heterodontus_francisci%29.JPG/210px-Hornhai_%28Heterodontus_francisci%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Hornhai_%28Heterodontus_francisci%29.JPG/280px-Hornhai_%28Heterodontus_francisci%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="709" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Tjurhuvudhajar" title="Tjurhuvudhajar">Tjurhuvudhajar</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lev Berg [inte skriven än]">Berg</a>, 1940</small> </td> <td align="center">1<sup id="cite_ref-Heterodontiformes_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heterodontiformes-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">1<sup id="cite_ref-Heterodontiformes_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heterodontiformes-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(125,125,180)"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5brandsartade_hajar" title="Håbrandsartade hajar"><span style="color:white;">Lamniformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:White_shark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/White_shark.jpg/140px-White_shark.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/White_shark.jpg/210px-White_shark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/White_shark.jpg/280px-White_shark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="835" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5brandsartade_hajar" title="Håbrandsartade hajar">Håbrandsartade hajar</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lev Berg [inte skriven än]"> Berg</a>, 1958</small> </td> <td align="center">7<sup id="cite_ref-Lamniformes_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamniformes-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">10<sup id="cite_ref-Lamniformes_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lamniformes-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(140,140,190)"><a href="/wiki/Wobbegongartade_hajar" title="Wobbegongartade hajar"><span style="color:white;">Orectolobiformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Whale_shark_Georgia_aquarium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Whale_shark_Georgia_aquarium.jpg/140px-Whale_shark_Georgia_aquarium.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Whale_shark_Georgia_aquarium.jpg/210px-Whale_shark_Georgia_aquarium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Whale_shark_Georgia_aquarium.jpg/280px-Whale_shark_Georgia_aquarium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2331" data-file-height="1074" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Wobbegongartade_hajar" title="Wobbegongartade hajar">Wobbegongartade hajar</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shelton_P._Appelgate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shelton P. Appelgate [inte skriven än]">Applegate</a>, 1972</small> </td> <td align="center">7<sup id="cite_ref-Orectolobiformes_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orectolobiformes-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">14<sup id="cite_ref-Orectolobiformes_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orectolobiformes-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" rowspan="4"><span style="color:white;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squalomorphii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squalomorphii [inte skriven än]">Squalomorphii</a></span> </td> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(140,140,190)"><a href="/wiki/Kamtandhajartade_hajar" title="Kamtandhajartade hajar"><span style="color:white;">Hexanchiformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hexanchus_griseus_Gervais.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hexanchus_griseus_Gervais.jpg/140px-Hexanchus_griseus_Gervais.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hexanchus_griseus_Gervais.jpg/210px-Hexanchus_griseus_Gervais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Hexanchus_griseus_Gervais.jpg/280px-Hexanchus_griseus_Gervais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="717" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Kamtandhajartade_hajar" title="Kamtandhajartade hajar">Kamtandhajartade hajar</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Fernando_de_Buen_y_Lozano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Fernando de Buen y Lozano [inte skriven än]">de Buen</a>, 1926</small> </td> <td align="center">2<sup id="cite_ref-Hexanchiformes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hexanchiformes-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">4<sup id="cite_ref-Hexanchiformes_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hexanchiformes-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(125,125,180)"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A5ghajar" title="Såghajar"><span style="color:white;">Pristiophoriformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Pristiophorus_japonicus_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Pristiophorus_japonicus_cropped.jpg/140px-Pristiophorus_japonicus_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Pristiophorus_japonicus_cropped.jpg/210px-Pristiophorus_japonicus_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Pristiophorus_japonicus_cropped.jpg/280px-Pristiophorus_japonicus_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="272" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A5ghajar" title="Såghajar">Såghajar</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lev Berg [inte skriven än]"> Berg</a>, 1958</small> </td> <td align="center">1<sup id="cite_ref-Pristiophoriformes_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pristiophoriformes-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">2<sup id="cite_ref-Pristiophoriformes_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pristiophoriformes-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(140,140,190)"><a href="/wiki/Pigghajartade_hajar" title="Pigghajartade hajar"><span style="color:white;">Squaliformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Spiny_dogfish.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Spiny_dogfish.jpg/140px-Spiny_dogfish.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Spiny_dogfish.jpg/210px-Spiny_dogfish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Spiny_dogfish.jpg/280px-Spiny_dogfish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="474" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Pigghajartade_hajar" title="Pigghajartade hajar">Pigghajartade hajar</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Stephen_Goodrich" title="Edwin Stephen Goodrich">Goodrich</a>, 1909</small> </td> <td align="center">7<sup id="cite_ref-Squaliformes_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Squaliformes-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">22<sup id="cite_ref-Squaliformes_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Squaliformes-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(125,125,180)"><a href="/wiki/Havs%C3%A4ngelartade_hajar" class="mw-redirect" title="Havsängelartade hajar"><span style="color:white;">Squatiniformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Squatina_angelus_-_Gervais.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Squatina_angelus_-_Gervais.jpg/140px-Squatina_angelus_-_Gervais.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Squatina_angelus_-_Gervais.jpg/210px-Squatina_angelus_-_Gervais.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Squatina_angelus_-_Gervais.jpg/280px-Squatina_angelus_-_Gervais.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="662" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Havs%C3%A4ngelartade_hajar" class="mw-redirect" title="Havsängelartade hajar">Havsängelartade hajar</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Fernando_de_Buen_y_Lozano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Fernando de Buen y Lozano [inte skriven än]">Buen</a>, 1926</small> </td> <td align="center">1<sup id="cite_ref-Squatiniformes_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Squatiniformes-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">1<sup id="cite_ref-Squatiniformes_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Squatiniformes-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" rowspan="4"><span style="color:white;"> <a href="/wiki/Batoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Batoidea">Batoidea</a> </span> </td> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(140,140,190)"><a href="/wiki/Myliobatiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Myliobatiformes"><span style="color:white;">Myliobatiformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Myliobatis_aquila_sasr%C3%A1ja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Myliobatis_aquila_sasr%C3%A1ja.jpg/140px-Myliobatis_aquila_sasr%C3%A1ja.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Myliobatis_aquila_sasr%C3%A1ja.jpg/210px-Myliobatis_aquila_sasr%C3%A1ja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Myliobatis_aquila_sasr%C3%A1ja.jpg/280px-Myliobatis_aquila_sasr%C3%A1ja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="556" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Myliobatiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Myliobatiformes">Myliobatiformes</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Joseph_Victor_Compagno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Joseph Victor Compagno [inte skriven än]">Compagno</a>, 1973</small> </td> <td align="center">8<sup id="cite_ref-Myliobatiformes_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myliobatiformes-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">28<sup id="cite_ref-Myliobatiformes_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myliobatiformes-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="left"><small>Fördes tidigare<br />till Rajiformes</small> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(125,125,180)"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A5gfiskar" title="Sågfiskar"><span style="color:white;">Pristiformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sawfish_genova.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sawfish_genova.jpg/140px-Sawfish_genova.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sawfish_genova.jpg/210px-Sawfish_genova.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Sawfish_genova.jpg/280px-Sawfish_genova.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A5gfiskar" title="Sågfiskar">Sågfiskar</a> </td> <td align="center"><small></small> </td> <td align="center">1<sup id="cite_ref-Pristiformes_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pristiformes-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">2<sup id="cite_ref-Pristiformes_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pristiformes-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(140,140,190)"><a href="/wiki/Rajiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajiformes"><span style="color:white;">Rajiformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Amblyraja_hyperborea1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Amblyraja_hyperborea1.jpg/140px-Amblyraja_hyperborea1.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Amblyraja_hyperborea1.jpg/210px-Amblyraja_hyperborea1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Amblyraja_hyperborea1.jpg/280px-Amblyraja_hyperborea1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1503" data-file-height="1240" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Rajiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajiformes">Rajiformes</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lev_Berg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lev Berg [inte skriven än]"> Berg</a>, 1940</small> </td> <td align="center">5<sup id="cite_ref-Rajiformes_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rajiformes-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">45<sup id="cite_ref-Rajiformes_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rajiformes-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(125,125,180)"><a href="/wiki/Torpediniformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Torpediniformes"><span style="color:white;">Torpediniformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Torpedo_torpedo_corsica2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Torpedo_torpedo_corsica2.jpg/140px-Torpedo_torpedo_corsica2.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Torpedo_torpedo_corsica2.jpg/210px-Torpedo_torpedo_corsica2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Torpedo_torpedo_corsica2.jpg/280px-Torpedo_torpedo_corsica2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Torpediniformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Torpediniformes">Torpediniformes</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Fernando_de_Buen_y_Lozano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Fernando de Buen y Lozano [inte skriven än]">de Buen</a>, 1926</small> </td> <td align="center">4<sup id="cite_ref-Torpediniformes_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torpediniformes-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">12<sup id="cite_ref-Torpediniformes_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torpediniformes-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(110,110,170)" rowspan="1"><span style="color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Holocephali" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocephali">Holocephali</a></span> </td> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(140,140,190)"><a href="/wiki/Havsmusartade_fiskar" title="Havsmusartade fiskar"><span style="color:white;">Chimaeriformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Chimaera_mon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Chimaera_mon.JPG/140px-Chimaera_mon.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Chimaera_mon.JPG/210px-Chimaera_mon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Chimaera_mon.JPG/280px-Chimaera_mon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="482" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Havsmusartade_fiskar" title="Havsmusartade fiskar">Havsmusartade fiskar</a> </td> <td align="center"><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmitri_Obruchev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmitri Obruchev [inte skriven än]">Obruchev</a>, 1953</small> </td> <td align="center">3<sup id="cite_ref-Chimaeriformes_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chimaeriformes-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="center">6<sup id="cite_ref-Chimaeriformes_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chimaeriformes-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sammanställning_över_utdöda_ordningar"><span id="Sammanst.C3.A4llning_.C3.B6ver_utd.C3.B6da_ordningar"></span>Sammanställning över utdöda ordningar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sammanställning över utdöda ordningar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sammanställning över utdöda ordningar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Följande är en sammanställning över <a href="/wiki/Ordning_(biologi)" title="Ordning (biologi)">ordningar</a> av numera utdöda broskfiskar. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10">Utdöda ordningar </th></tr> <tr> <th>Grupp </th> <th>Ordning </th> <th>Bild </th> <th>Noteringar </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(150,80,150)" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Helhuvudfiskar" title="Helhuvudfiskar"><span style="color:white;">Helhuvudfiskar</span></a> </td> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(165,100,165)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orodontiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orodontiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Orodontiformes</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(180,120,180)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petalodontiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petalodontiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Petalodontiformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Belantsea_montana.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Belantsea_montana.JPG/140px-Belantsea_montana.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Belantsea_montana.JPG/210px-Belantsea_montana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Belantsea_montana.JPG/280px-Belantsea_montana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="329" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(165,100,165)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helodontiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helodontiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Helodontiformes</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(180,120,180)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iniopterygiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iniopterygiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Iniopterygiformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Iniopteryxrushlaui.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Iniopteryxrushlaui.JPG/140px-Iniopteryxrushlaui.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Iniopteryxrushlaui.JPG/210px-Iniopteryxrushlaui.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Iniopteryxrushlaui.JPG/280px-Iniopteryxrushlaui.JPG 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="222" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(165,100,165)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debeeriiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debeeriiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Debeeriiformes</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(180,120,180)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugeneodontida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugeneodontida [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Eugeneodontida</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Helicoprion_bessonovi1DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Helicoprion_bessonovi1DB.jpg/140px-Helicoprion_bessonovi1DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Helicoprion_bessonovi1DB.jpg/210px-Helicoprion_bessonovi1DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Helicoprion_bessonovi1DB.jpg/280px-Helicoprion_bessonovi1DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1743" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="top"><sup id="cite_ref-Highwire_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Highwire-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(165,100,165)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Psammodontiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psammodontiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Psammodonti<br />formes</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top">Bestämning osäker </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(180,120,180)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copodontiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copodontiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Copodontiformes</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(165,100,165)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squaloraja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squaloraja [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">† Squaloraja</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(180,120,180)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chondrenchelyiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chondrenchelyiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Chondrenchelyi<br />formes</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(165,100,165)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menaspiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menaspiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Menaspiformes</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(180,120,180)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coliodontiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coliodontiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Coliodontiformes</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(150,80,150)" rowspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squalomorphii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squalomorphii [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">Squalomorfa hajar</span></a> </td> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(165,100,165)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protospinaciformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protospinaciformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Protospinaci-<br />formes</span></a> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(150,80,150)" rowspan="6"><span style="color:white;">Övriga</span> </td> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(180,120,180)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Squatinactiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Squatinactiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Squatinactiformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Stethacanthus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Stethacanthus_BW.jpg/140px-Stethacanthus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Stethacanthus_BW.jpg/210px-Stethacanthus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Stethacanthus_BW.jpg/280px-Stethacanthus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(165,100,165)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protacrodontiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protacrodontiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Protacrodonti-<br />formes</span></a> </td> <td> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(180,120,180)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cladoselachidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cladoselachidae [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Cladoselachidae</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Early_Shark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Early_Shark.jpg/140px-Early_Shark.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Early_Shark.jpg/210px-Early_Shark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Early_Shark.jpg/280px-Early_Shark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(165,100,165)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenacanthda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenacanthda [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Xenacanthida</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Triodus1db.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Triodus1db.jpg/140px-Triodus1db.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Triodus1db.jpg/210px-Triodus1db.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Triodus1db.jpg/280px-Triodus1db.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="737" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(180,120,180)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ctenacanthiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ctenacanthiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Ctenacanthi-<br />formes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sphenacanthus1DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sphenacanthus1DB.jpg/140px-Sphenacanthus1DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sphenacanthus1DB.jpg/210px-Sphenacanthus1DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sphenacanthus1DB.jpg/280px-Sphenacanthus1DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="762" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:rgb(165,100,165)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hybodontiformes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hybodontiformes [inte skriven än]"><span style="color:white;">†Hybodontiformes</span></a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ptychodus_mortoni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ptychodus_mortoni.jpg/140px-Ptychodus_mortoni.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ptychodus_mortoni.jpg/210px-Ptychodus_mortoni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ptychodus_mortoni.jpg/280px-Ptychodus_mortoni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="705" /></a></span> </td> <td valign="top"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noter">Noter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Noter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broskfiskar&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Noter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Delar av artikeln bygger på en översättning av engelskspråkiga wikipedias artikel <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chondrichthyes&oldid=752050832">Chondrichthyes</a>, läst 2016-12-04</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-botella_et_al-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-botella_et_al_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-botella_et_al_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFBotella,_H.A;_Donoghue,_P.C.J.;_Martínez-Pérez,_C.2009">Botella, H.A; Donoghue, P.C.J.; Martínez-Pérez, C. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00337.x/abstract">”Enameloid microstructure in the oldest known chondrichthyan teeth”</a> (på engelska). <i>Acta Zoologica</i> 90 (Supplementet): sid. 103–108. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1463-6395.2008.00337.x">10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00337.x</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00337.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00337.x/abstract</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 8 november 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Enameloid+microstructure+in+the+oldest+known+chondrichthyan+teeth&rft.jtitle=Acta+Zoologica&rft.aulast=Botella%2C+H.A%3B+Donoghue%2C+P.C.J.%3B+Mart%C3%ADnez-P%C3%A9rez%2C+C.&rft.au=Botella%2C+H.A%3B+Donoghue%2C+P.C.J.%3B+Mart%C3%ADnez-P%C3%A9rez%2C+C.&rft.date=2009&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=Supplementet&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B103%E2%80%93108&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1463-6395.2008.00337.x&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1463-6395.2008.00337.x%2Fabstract&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fossilworks-2">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Fossilworks_2-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fossilworks_2-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fossilworks_2-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307185226/http://paleodb.org/?a=checktaxoninfo&taxon_no=34422">”Chondrichthyes”</a> (på engelska). PalaeoDB. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paleodb.org/?a=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=34422">originalet</a> den 7 mars 2016<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307185226/http://paleodb.org/?a=checktaxoninfo&taxon_no=34422">https://web.archive.org/web/20160307185226/http://paleodb.org/?a=checktaxoninfo&taxon_no=34422</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 8 november 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chondrichthyes&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=PalaeoDB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160307185226%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fpaleodb.org%2F%3Fa%3Dchecktaxoninfo%26taxon_no%3D34422&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JoEB-3"><a href="#cite_ref-JoEB_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFC._D._Wilga,_G._V._Lauder2002">C. D. Wilga, G. V. Lauder (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/205/16/2365.pdf">”Function of the heterocercal tail in sharks: quantitative wake dynamics during steady horizontal swimming and vertical maneuvering”</a> (på engelska). <i>The Journal of Experimental Biology</i> 205: sid. 2365–2374<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/205/16/2365.pdf">http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/205/16/2365.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 8 november 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Function+of+the+heterocercal+tail+in+sharks%3A+quantitative+wake+dynamics+during+steady+horizontal+swimming+and+vertical+maneuvering&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.aulast=C.+D.+Wilga%2C+G.+V.+Lauder&rft.au=C.+D.+Wilga%2C+G.+V.+Lauder&rft.date=2002&rft.volume=205&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B2365%E2%80%932374&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjeb.biologists.org%2Fcgi%2Freprint%2F205%2F16%2F2365.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bigelow-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Bigelow_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHenry_B._Bigelow,_William_C._Schroeder1948">Henry B. Bigelow, William C. Schroeder (1948). <i><span>Fishes of the Western North Atlantic</span></i>. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, Yale University. sid. 64–65</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fishes+of+the+Western+North+Atlantic&rft.aulast=Henry+B.+Bigelow%2C+William+C.+Schroeder&rft.au=Henry+B.+Bigelow%2C+William+C.+Schroeder&rft.date=1948&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B64%E2%80%9365&rft.pub=Sears+Foundation+for+Marine+Research%2C+Yale+University&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COL-5"><a href="#cite_ref-COL_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFBisby_F.A.,_Roskov_Y.R.,_Orrell_T.M.,_Nicolson_D.,_Paglinawan_L.E.,_Bailly_N.,_Kirk_P.M.,_Bourgoin_T.,_Baillargeon_G.,_Ouvrard_D._(red.)2011">Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (29 november 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/chimaeriformes/match/1">”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”</a>. Species 2000: Reading, UK<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/chimaeriformes/match/1">http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/chimaeriformes/match/1</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 24 september 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Species+2000+%26+ITIS+Catalogue+of+Life%3A+2011+Annual+Checklist.&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Bisby+F.A.%2C+Roskov+Y.R.%2C+Orrell+T.M.%2C+Nicolson+D.%2C+Paglinawan+L.E.%2C+Bailly+N.%2C+Kirk+P.M.%2C+Bourgoin+T.%2C+Baillargeon+G.%2C+Ouvrard+D.+%28red.%29&rft.au=Bisby+F.A.%2C+Roskov+Y.R.%2C+Orrell+T.M.%2C+Nicolson+D.%2C+Paglinawan+L.E.%2C+Bailly+N.%2C+Kirk+P.M.%2C+Bourgoin+T.%2C+Baillargeon+G.%2C+Ouvrard+D.+%28red.%29&rft.date=29+november+2011&rft.pub=Species+2000%3A+Reading%2C+UK.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catalogueoflife.org%2Fannual-checklist%2F2011%2Fsearch%2Fall%2Fkey%2Fchimaeriformes%2Fmatch%2F1&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NE-6"><a href="#cite_ref-NE_6-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/broskfiskar">”Broskfiskar”</a>. <i><span>ne.se</span></i>. Nationalencyklopedin<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/broskfiskar">http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/broskfiskar</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 8 november 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Broskfiskar&rft.atitle=ne.se&rft.pub=Nationalencyklopedin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fuppslagsverk%2Fencyklopedi%2Fl%25C3%25A5ng%2Fbroskfiskar&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Compagno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Compagno [inte skriven än]">Leonard Compagno</a> (2005) <i>Sharks of the World</i>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/9780691120720" title="Special:Bokkällor/9780691120720">ISBN 9780691120720</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tropicarium-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Tropicarium_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100820154640/http://www.tropicarium.se/index.php?id=43">”Broskfiskar (Chondrichtyes)”</a>. <i><span>tropicarium.se</span></i>. Kolmårdens djurpark. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tropicarium.se/index.php?id=43">originalet</a> den 20 augusti 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100820154640/http://www.tropicarium.se/index.php?id=43">https://web.archive.org/web/20100820154640/http://www.tropicarium.se/index.php?id=43</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 november 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Broskfiskar+%28Chondrichtyes%29&rft.atitle=tropicarium.se&rft.pub=Kolm%C3%A5rdens+djurpark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20100820154640%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.tropicarium.se%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D43&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zoologi.se-9">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Zoologi.se_9-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zoologi.se_9-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129024001/http://zoologi.se/2014/05/21/kort-om-broskfiskar/">”Kort om broskfiskar”</a>. <i><span>zoologi.se</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zoologi.se/2014/05/21/kort-om-broskfiskar/">originalet</a> den 29 november 2014<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129024001/http://zoologi.se/2014/05/21/kort-om-broskfiskar/">https://web.archive.org/web/20141129024001/http://zoologi.se/2014/05/21/kort-om-broskfiskar/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 17 november 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Kort+om+broskfiskar&rft.atitle=zoologi.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20141129024001%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fzoologi.se%2F2014%2F05%2F21%2Fkort-om-broskfiskar%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenthal-10">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Rosenthal_10-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenthal_10-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenthal_10-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenthal_10-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Gil G. Rosenthal <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/animals/vertebrate-zoology/cartilaginous-fishes">Chondrichthyes</a>. <i>Animal Sciences</i>. Encyclopedia.com. läst 13 augusti 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFS-11"><a href="#cite_ref-SFS_11-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southernfriedscience.com/?p=8659">”Urea and Shark Osmoregulation”</a> (på engelska). Southern Fried Science<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.southernfriedscience.com/?p=8659">http://www.southernfriedscience.com/?p=8659</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 november 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Urea+and+Shark+Osmoregulation&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Southern+Fried+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernfriedscience.com%2F%3Fp%3D8659&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LundsUniversitet-12"><a href="#cite_ref-LundsUniversitet_12-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFAnders_Hansson">Anders Hansson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.djur.cob.lu.se/Djurartiklar/Fisk.html">”Fiskar som dricker: att leva i saltvatten och sötvatten”</a>. Lunds Universitet – naturvetenskapliga fakulteten<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.djur.cob.lu.se/Djurartiklar/Fisk.html">http://www.djur.cob.lu.se/Djurartiklar/Fisk.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 18 november 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fiskar+som+dricker%3A+att+leva+i+saltvatten+och+s%C3%B6tvatten&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Anders+Hansson&rft.au=Anders+Hansson&rft.pub=Lunds+Universitet+%E2%80%93+naturvetenskapliga+fakulteten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.djur.cob.lu.se%2FDjurartiklar%2FFisk.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carcharhiniformes-13">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Carcharhiniformes_13-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carcharhiniformes_13-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Catalouge of life (2011) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/browse/tree/id/2365418">Carcharhiniformes</a>, läst 2016-12-04</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heterodontiformes-14">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Heterodontiformes_14-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heterodontiformes_14-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Catalouge of life (2011) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/browse/tree/id/2365416">Heterodontiformes</a></i>, läst 2016-012-04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lamniformes-15">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Lamniformes_15-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lamniformes_15-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Catalouge of life (2011) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/browse/tree/id/2365405">Lamniformes</a></i>, läst 2016-12-04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orectolobiformes-16">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Orectolobiformes_16-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orectolobiformes_16-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Catalouge of life (2011) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/browse/tree/id/2364242">Orectolobiformes</a></i>, läst 2016-12-04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hexanchiformes-17">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Hexanchiformes_17-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hexanchiformes_17-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Catalouge of life (2011) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/browse/tree/id/2365413">Hexanchiformes</a></i>, läst 2016-12-04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pristiophoriformes-18">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Pristiophoriformes_18-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pristiophoriformes_18-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Catalouge of life (2011) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/browse/tree/id/2364238">Pristiophoriformes</a></i>, läst 2016-12-04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Squaliformes-19">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Squaliformes_19-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Squaliformes_19-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bailly, N. (2013) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10211">Squaliformes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a>, läst 2016-12-04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Squatiniformes-20">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Squatiniformes_20-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Squatiniformes_20-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bailly, N. (2013) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10213">Squatiniformes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a>, läst 2016-12-04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myliobatiformes-21">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Myliobatiformes_21-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myliobatiformes_21-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bailly, N. (2013) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196069">Myliobatiformes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a>, läst 2016-12-04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pristiformes-22">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Pristiformes_22-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pristiformes_22-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bailly, N. (2015) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10214">Pristiformes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a>, läst 2016-12-04</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rajiformes-23">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Rajiformes_23-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rajiformes_23-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bailly, N. (2015). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10216">Rajiformes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a>, läst 2016-12-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Torpediniformes-24">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Torpediniformes_24-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Torpediniformes_24-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bailly, N. (2015) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10215">Torpediniformes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a>, läst 2016-12-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chimaeriformes-25">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-Chimaeriformes_25-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chimaeriformes_25-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Bailly, N. (2015) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10217">Chimaeriformes</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">World Register of Marine Species</a>, läst 2016-12-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Highwire-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Highwire_26-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFTapanila_L,_Pruitt_J,_Pradel_A,_Wilga_C,_Ramsay_J,_Schlader_R_and_Didier_D2013">Tapanila L, Pruitt J, Pradel A, Wilga C, Ramsay J, Schlader R and Didier D (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/9/2/20130057.abstract">”Jaws for a spiral-tooth whorl: CT images reveal novel adaptation and phylogeny in fossil Helicoprion”</a> (på engelska). '<i>Biology Letters</i> 9. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2013.0057">10.1098/rsbl.2013.0057</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/9/2/20130057.abstract">http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/9/2/20130057.abstract</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 16 november 2014</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jaws+for+a+spiral-tooth+whorl%3A+CT+images+reveal+novel+adaptation+and+phylogeny+in+fossil+Helicoprion&rft.jtitle=%27Biology+Letters&rft.aulast=Tapanila+L%2C+Pruitt+J%2C+Pradel+A%2C+Wilga+C%2C+Ramsay+J%2C+Schlader+R+and+Didier+D&rft.au=Tapanila+L%2C+Pruitt+J%2C+Pradel+A%2C+Wilga+C%2C+Ramsay+J%2C+Schlader+R+and+Didier+D&rft.date=2013&rft.volume=9&rft_id=info:doi/10.1098%2Frsbl.2013.0057&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org%2Fcontent%2F9%2F2%2F20130057.abstract&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Broskfiskar"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85024672">sh85024672</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4135828-4">4135828-4</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119648488">cb119648488</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119648488">(data)</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Tjeckiska_nationalbiblioteket" title="Tjeckiska nationalbiblioteket">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph138398&CON_LNG=ENG">ph138398</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950"><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";letter-spacing:0.1px;;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Taxonomy" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Wikidata:WikiProject Taxonomy">Katalogdata</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>•<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>AFD:<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Chondrichthyes">Chondrichthyes</a></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>•<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Artdatabanken" title="Artdatabanken">Dyntaxa</a>:<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dyntaxa.se/taxon/info/4000102">4000102</a></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>•<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>:<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/2774522">2774522</a></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>•<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Inaturalist" title="Inaturalist">Inaturalist</a>:<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/196614">196614</a></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>•<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>:<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=159785">159785</a></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>•<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>:<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=7777">7777</a></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>•<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>:<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=34422">34422</a></span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>•<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/WoRMS" class="mw-redirect" title="WoRMS">WoRMS</a>:<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1517375">1517375</a></span> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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