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etymonline","url":"https://www.etymonline.com/word/D","description":"\"door,\" so called from its shape. The form of the modern letter is the Greek delta (Δ)… See origin and meaning of d.","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.etymonline.com#website"}},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":["DefinedTermSet","Book"],"@id":"https://www.etymonline.com","name":"Dictionary and etymology by etymonline","description":"An online etymology dictionary providing the origin and history of English words"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"DefinedTerm","@id":"https://www.etymonline.com/word/D","name":"D","inDefinedTermSet":"https://www.etymonline.com"}]</script><section class="flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-12 justify-center"><div class="w-full lg:w-[728px] items-start"><div class="mt-0"><div class="relative bg-secondary/50 w-full"><div class="border-b border-divider pl-4 py-2 border-white/80 dark:border-white/10 flex justify-between items-center"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray">Advertisement</span><button type="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Close advertisement" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 min-w-20 h-10 text-small gap-2 [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none text-default-foreground data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover px-2 py-0 rounded-full bg-focus/50 hover:bg-background/80 transition-colors undefined"><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans text-primary">Remove Ads</span></button></div><div class="relative min-h-[90px] w-full"><div class="relative z-10 min-h-[90px] w-full flex items-center justify-center"><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_wd_top" class="flex adsbygoogle items-center transition-all h-[90px] w-[728px]"><div class="w-full p-4 rounded-md min-w-[300px] items-center justify-center flex w-full h-full"><p class="text-foreground/80 text-center">Want to remove ads? <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Log in</a> to see fewer ads, and become a <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Premium Member</a> to remove all ads.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mt-4 space-y-12 mobile:space-y-8 w-full"><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-2"><h1 class="font-sans text-2xl" lang="en">Origin and history of <em> D </em></h1><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div><div class="bg-white mobile:bg-transparent dark:bg-secondary dark:mobile:bg-transparent rounded-lg lg:shadow-sm pl-6 pr-6 pt-2 pb-6 mobile:p-0"><div class="space-y-2"><div class="space-y-2 pb-2"><section class="prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none"><div><h2 id="#etymonline_v_29130" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-4xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">D</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif text-2xl mobile:text-xl"></span></h2></div><section class="-mt-4 -mb-2 lg:-mb-2"><p>fourth letter of the Roman alphabet, from Greek <i class="foreign notranslate">delta</i>, from Phoenician and Hebrew <i class="foreign notranslate">daleth</i>, pausal form of <i class="foreign notranslate">deleth</i> "door," so called from its shape.</p> <p>The form of the modern letter is the Greek delta (Δ) with one angle rounded. As the sign for "500" in Roman numerals, it is said to be half of CIƆ, which was an early form of M, the sign for "1,000." <i class="foreign notranslate">3-D</i> for "three-dimensional" is attested from 1952.</p> <p>*</p> <p><strong>Unetymological <i class="foreign notranslate">-d-</i></strong> is the result of a tendency in English and neighboring languages, perhaps for euphony, to add <i class="foreign notranslate">-d-</i> to <i class="foreign notranslate">-n-</i>, and especially to insert or swap a <i class="foreign notranslate">-d- </i>sound when <i class="foreign notranslate">-l-</i> or <i class="foreign notranslate">-r-</i> follow too closely an <i class="foreign notranslate">-n-</i>.</p> <p>Compare <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of sound " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/sound#etymonline_v_23919">sound</a> (n.1), <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of thunder " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/thunder#etymonline_v_13285">thunder</a> (n.), <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of pound " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/pound#etymonline_v_18588">pound</a> (v.), <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of spindle " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/spindle">spindle</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of kindred " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/kindred">kindred</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of strand " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/strand#etymonline_v_22145">strand</a> (n.2) "fiber of rope," dialectal <i class="foreign notranslate">rundel</i>, <i class="foreign notranslate">rundle</i> for <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of runnel " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/runnel">runnel</a>. <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">Swound</i></strong> was a form of <i class="foreign notranslate">swoun</i> (<a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of swoon " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/swoon">swoon</a>) attested from mid-15c, and used by Malory, Spenser, Lyly, Middleton, Beaumont & Fletcher. Also obsolete <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">round</i></strong> (n.) "whispering," variant of <i class="foreign notranslate">roun</i> "secret, mystery, divine mystery" (from Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">run</i>, source of <i class="foreign notranslate">rune</i>), with unetymological <i class="foreign notranslate">-d</i> attested by 15c. in the verb. </p> <p>Among the words from French are <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of powder " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/powder#etymonline_v_18594">powder</a> (n.), <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of meddle " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/meddle">meddle</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of tender " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/tender#etymonline_v_7728">tender</a> (adj.), <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of remainder " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/remainder">remainder</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of gender " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/gender#etymonline_v_1349">gender</a> (n.), also <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of riband " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/riband">riband</a>, <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of jaundice " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/jaundice">jaundice</a>. It is less evident in <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of spider " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/spider">spider</a> (an agent noun from the Germanic *<i class="foreign notranslate">spin-</i> root), and perhaps explains <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of lender " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/lender">lender</a> in place of <i class="foreign notranslate">loaner</i>.</p></section><div class="-mb-6 lg:-mb-8"></div></section></div></div></div></div><div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Entries linking to <em> D </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of gender" class="w-full group" href="/word/gender"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_1349" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">gender</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>c. 1300, "kind, sort, class, a class or kind of persons or things sharing certain traits," from Old French <i class="foreign notranslate">gendre</i>, <i class="foreign notranslate">genre</i> "kind, species; character; gender" (12c., Modern French <i class="foreign notranslate">genre</i>), from stem of Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">genus</i> (genitive <i class="foreign notranslate">generis</i>) "race, stock, family; kind, rank, order; species," also "(male or female) sex," from PIE root <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *gene- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/*gene-">*gene-</a> "give birth, beget," with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups.</p> <p> The unetymological <i class="foreign notranslate">-d-</i> is a phonetic accretion in Old French (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of D " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/D">D</a>). Also used in Latin to translate Aristotle's Greek grammatical term <i class="foreign notranslate">genos</i>. The grammatical sense is attested in English from late 14c. Jespersen ("Philosophy of Grammar," 1924) defines grammatical gender by reference to the Indo-European distinction of masculine, feminine, neuter, "whether the division be based on the natural division into two sexes, or on that between animate and inanimate, or on something else."</p> <p>The "male-or-female sex" sense of the word is attested in English from early 15c. As <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of sex " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/sex#etymonline_v_23308">sex</a> (n.) took on erotic qualities in 20c., <i class="foreign notranslate">gender</i> came to be the usual English word for "sex of a human being," in which use it was at first regarded as colloquial or humorous. Later often in feminist writing with reference to social attributes as much as biological qualities; this sense first attested 1963. <strong><i class="foreign notranslate">Gender-bender</i></strong> is from 1977, popularized from 1980, with reference to pop star David Bowie.</p></section></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-sm rounded-md shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of jaundice" class="w-full group" href="/word/jaundice"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_1674" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">jaundice</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif">(n.)</span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><section class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30"><p>"morbid condition characterized by yellowish skin and eyes (caused by bile pigments in the blood)," c. 1300, <i class="foreign notranslate">jaunis</i>, from Old French <i class="foreign notranslate">jaunice</i>, earlier <i class="foreign notranslate">jalnice</i>, "yellowness" (12c.), from <i class="foreign notranslate">jaune</i>/<i class="foreign notranslate">jalne</i> "yellow," from Latin <i class="foreign notranslate">galbinus</i> "greenish yellow" (also source of Italian <i class="foreign notranslate">giallo</i>), extended form of <i class="foreign notranslate">galbus</i>, which probably is from PIE root <a rel="nofollow" title="Etymology, meaning and definition of *ghel- " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/*ghel-#etymonline_v_52720">*ghel-</a> (2) "to shine," with derivatives denoting "green" and "yellow." With unetymological <i class="foreign notranslate">-d-</i> (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of D " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/D">D</a>).</p> <p>The figurative meaning "feeling in which views are colored or distorted" is recorded by 1620s, from yellow's association with bitterness and envy (see <a title="Etymology, meaning and definition of yellow " class="crossreference notranslate text-primary" href="/word/yellow#etymonline_v_4951">yellow</a> (adj.)). In Old English <i class="foreign notranslate">geolu adl</i> "yellow sickness;" in Middle English also <i class="foreign notranslate">gulesought</i>.</p></section></div></div></div><div class="mt-4"><ul class="list-none flex gap-2 flex-wrap"><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of kindred" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/kindred">kindred</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of lender" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/lender">lender</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of meddle" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/meddle">meddle</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of pound" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/pound">pound</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of powder" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/powder">powder</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of remainder" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/remainder">remainder</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of riband" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/riband">riband</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of runnel" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/runnel">runnel</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of sound" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/sound">sound</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of spider" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/spider">spider</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of spindle" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/spindle">spindle</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of strand" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/strand">strand</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of swoon" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/swoon">swoon</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of tender" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/tender">tender</a></li><li><a role="button" tabindex="0" title="Origin and meaning of thunder" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none whitespace-nowrap font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 px-4 min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-small [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none data-[hover=true]:opacity-hover bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white" href="/word/thunder">thunder</a></li><li><a role="button" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" class="z-0 group relative inline-flex items-center justify-center box-border appearance-none select-none font-normal subpixel-antialiased overflow-hidden tap-highlight-transparent data-[pressed=true]:scale-[0.97] outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 border-medium min-w-20 h-10 gap-2 rounded-full [&>svg]:max-w-[theme(spacing.8)] transition-transform-colors-opacity motion-reduce:transition-none border-primary text-primary data-[hover=true]:!bg-primary data-[hover=true]:!text-primary-foreground text-sm sm:text-base md:text-lg font-sans bg-primary/10 dark:bg-primary/5 hover:text-white px-2 sm:px-3 md:px-4 whitespace-normal sm:whitespace-nowrap" href="/word/D/related">See All Related Words (17)<div class="-ml-1"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="text-3xl text-inherit" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="space-y-2 w-full"><div class="relative"><span class="text-sm font-sans text-spanish-gray absolute -mt-6">Advertisement</span><div class="relative min-h-[90px] w-full"><div class="relative z-10 min-h-[90px] w-full flex items-center justify-center"><div id="div-gpt-ad-pc_wd_ngram" class="flex adsbygoogle items-center transition-all mt-1 w-full max-h-[250px]"><div class="w-full p-4 rounded-md min-w-[300px] items-center justify-center flex w-full h-full bg-secondary/50"><p class="text-foreground/80 text-center">Want to remove ads? <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Log in</a> to see fewer ads, and become a <a class="text-primary hover:underline cursor-pointer" rel="nofollow" href="#">Premium Member</a> to remove all ads.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="min-h-unit-7"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Trends of <em> D </em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><canvas role="img" height="150" width="300"></canvas><div class="text-left text-xs font-sans italic py-2 text-spanish-gray dark:text-davis-gray">adapted from books.google.com/ngrams/ with a 7-year moving average; ngrams are probably unreliable.</div></div><div class="space-y-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">More to explore</h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of meddle" class="w-full group" href="/word/meddle"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">meddle</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="early 14c., "to mingle, blend, mix" (a sense now obsolete), from Old North French medler (Old French mesler, 12c., Modern French mêler) "to mix, mingle, to meddle," from Vulgar Latin *misculare (source of Provençal mesclar, Spanish mezclar, Italian mescolare, meschiare), from Lat" class="block" href="/word/meddle"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of meddle">early 14c., "to mingle, blend, mix" (a sense now obsolete), from Old North French medler (Old French mesler, 12c., Modern French mêler) "to mix, mingle, to meddle," from Vulgar Latin *misculare (source of Provençal mesclar, Spanish mezclar, Italian mescolare, meschiare), from Lat</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of powder" class="w-full group" href="/word/powder"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">powder</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="&nbsp;"fine, minute, loose, uncompacted particles," c. 1300, poudre, "ash, cinders; dust of the earth;" early 14c. of any pulverized substance; from Old French poudre "dust, powder; ashes; powdered substance" (13c.), earlier pouldre (11c.), from Latin pulverem (nominative pulvis)" class="block" href="/word/powder"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of powder"> "fine, minute, loose, uncompacted particles," c. 1300, poudre, "ash, cinders; dust of the earth;" early 14c. of any pulverized substance; from Old French poudre "dust, powder; ashes; powdered substance" (13c.), earlier pouldre (11c.), from Latin pulverem (nominative pulvis)</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of remainder" class="w-full group" href="/word/remainder"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">remainder</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="late 14c., remaindre, in law, a right of ownership designed to devolve upon a second party, from Anglo-French remeinder, Old French remaindre, noun use of infinitive, a variant of Old French remanoir "to stay, dwell, remain; be left; hold out," from Latin remanere "to remain, to " class="block" href="/word/remainder"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of remainder">late 14c., remaindre, in law, a right of ownership designed to devolve upon a second party, from Anglo-French remeinder, Old French remaindre, noun use of infinitive, a variant of Old French remanoir "to stay, dwell, remain; be left; hold out," from Latin remanere "to remain, to </div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of dord" class="w-full group" href="/word/dord"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">dord</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="In sorting out and separating abbreviations from words in preparing the dictionary's second edition, a card marked "D or...d" meaning "density" somehow migrated from the "abbreviations" stack to the "words" stack....The "D or d" entry ended up being typeset as a word, dord, and defined as a synonym for density...." class="block" href="/word/dord"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of dord">In sorting out and separating abbreviations from words in preparing the dictionary's second edition, a card marked "D or...d" meaning "density" somehow migrated from the "abbreviations" stack to the "words" stack....The "D or d" entry ended up being typeset as a word, dord, and defined as a synonym for density....</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of bludgeon" class="w-full group" href="/word/bludgeon"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">bludgeon</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="A plausible conjecture connects it with D[utch] blusden, blusten bruise, beat .......this source may have been introduced as a cant term in the Elizabethan period, along with many other cant terms from the D[..." class="block" href="/word/bludgeon"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of bludgeon">A plausible conjecture connects it with D[utch] blusden, blusten bruise, beat .......this source may have been introduced as a cant term in the Elizabethan period, along with many other cant terms from the D[...</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of rudder" class="w-full group" href="/word/rudder"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">rudder</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="For shift of -th- to -d- compare burden (n.1), murder (n.); simultaneous but opposite movement turned -d- to -th- in father..." class="block" href="/word/rudder"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of rudder">For shift of -th- to -d- compare burden (n.1), murder (n.); simultaneous but opposite movement turned -d- to -th- in father...</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of sound" class="w-full group" href="/word/sound"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">sound</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="The unetymological -d was established c. 1350-1550; there seems to have been a tendency, perhaps for euphony, to add -d-...to -n-, and especially to insert or swap in a -d- sound when -l- or -r- follow too closely an -n-...." class="block" href="/word/sound"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of sound">The unetymological -d was established c. 1350-1550; there seems to have been a tendency, perhaps for euphony, to add -d-...to -n-, and especially to insert or swap in a -d- sound when -l- or -r- follow too closely an -n-....</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of letter" class="w-full group" href="/word/letter"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">letter</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="c. 1200, "graphic symbol, alphabetic sign, written character conveying information about sound in speech," from Old French letre "character, letter; missive, note," in plural, "literature, writing, learning" (10c., Modern French lettre), from Latin littera (also litera) "letter o" class="block" href="/word/letter"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of letter">c. 1200, "graphic symbol, alphabetic sign, written character conveying information about sound in speech," from Old French letre "character, letter; missive, note," in plural, "literature, writing, learning" (10c., Modern French lettre), from Latin littera (also litera) "letter o</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of vitamin" class="w-full group" href="/word/vitamin"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">vitamin</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title="1920, originally vitamine (1912) coined by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk (1884-1967), from Latin vita "life" (from PIE root *gwei- "to live") + amine, because they were thought to contain amino acids. The terminal -e formally was stripped off when scientists learned the true nat" class="block" href="/word/vitamin"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of vitamin">1920, originally vitamine (1912) coined by Polish biochemist Casimir Funk (1884-1967), from Latin vita "life" (from PIE root *gwei- "to live") + amine, because they were thought to contain amino acids. The terminal -e formally was stripped off when scientists learned the true nat</div></a></div></div><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none border border-secondary hover:shadow-md rounded-lg shadow-sm transition-all bg-secondary/30 dark:bg-overlay hover:bg-secondary/10 dark:text-white" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full justify-start items-center shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large px-4 pt-2 pb-0 lg:px-6 lg:pt-4 lg:pb-2"><a title="Origin and meaning of five" class="w-full group" href="/word/five"><div class="flex items-center justify-between border-b border-transparent group-hover:border-secondary transition-colors"><span id="#etymonline_v_" class="scroll-m-16 text-2xl font-serif font-bold text-foreground text-primary dark:text-default-100 text-xl"><span class="hyphens-auto" lang="en">five</span><span class="pl-2 text-battleship-gray font-serif"></span></span><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="w-6 h-6 lg:w-6 lg:h-6 text-spanish-gray group-hover:text-primary transition-colors ml-2 lg:ml-4 flex-shrink-0 self-center text-xl lg:text-2xl" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></div></a></div><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased px-4 pt-2 pb-2 lg:px-6 lg:pt-2 lg:pb-4"><a title=""1 more than four; the number which is one more than four; a symbol representing this number;" Old English fif "five," from Proto-Germanic *fimfe (source also of Old Frisian fif, Old Saxon fif, Dutch vijf, Old Norse fimm, Old High German funf, Gothic fimf), from PIE root *penkwe-" class="block" href="/word/five"><div class="prose lg:prose-lg dark:prose-dark max-w-none [&_em]:bg-warning/30 dark:[&_em]:bg-warning/30 line-clamp-2 text-ellipsis" title="Origin and meaning of five">"1 more than four; the number which is one more than four; a symbol representing this number;" Old English fif "five," from Proto-Germanic *fimfe (source also of Old Frisian fif, Old Saxon fif, Dutch vijf, Old Norse fimm, Old High German funf, Gothic fimf), from PIE root *penkwe-</div></a></div></div></div><div><div class="w-full space-y-4 pb-4"><div class="space-y-1"><h2 class="font-sans text-xl" lang="en">Share <em>D</em></h2><div class="mb-4"><hr class="shrink-0 border-none w-full h-divider bg-divider" role="separator"/></div></div><div class="flex gap-4 items-center"><button class="text-lg bg-secondary font-bold text-battleship-gray/80 px-4 py-2 rounded-full 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animate-in fade-in slide-in-from-top-4 duration-200"><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">Page URL:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy URL"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">https://www.etymonline.com/word/D</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy URL"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path 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(n.d.). Etymology of D. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved April 6, 2025, from https://www.etymonline.com/word/D</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy APA Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">Chicago Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy Chicago Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">Harper Douglas, "Etymology of D," Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed April 6, 2025, https://www.etymonline.com/word/D.</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy Chicago Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">MLA Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy MLA Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">Harper, Douglas. "Etymology of D." Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/D. Accessed 6 April, 2025.</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy MLA Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 0-7.029-16.97z"></path></svg><span class="text-sm font-medium font-sans">Copy</span></button></div></div><div class="mb-6 last:mb-0"><div class="font-medium mb-3 text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300">IEEE Style:</div><div class="relative group" data-copy-hint="Copy IEEE Style"><div class="w-full min-h-[80px] p-3 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600 rounded-md bg-white dark:bg-background/30 text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-100 text-base leading-relaxed overflow-auto cursor-text">D. Harper. "Etymology of D." Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/D (accessed April 6, 2025).</div><button class="absolute bottom-2 right-2 px-2 py-1 rounded-full transition-colors duration-200 flex items-center gap-2 border text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-200 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-100 dark:hover:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-200 dark:active:bg-gray-600 border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-700" title="Copy IEEE Style"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="w-4 h-4" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M320 448v40c0 13.255-10.745 24-24 24H24c-13.255 0-24-10.745-24-24V120c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24h72v296c0 30.879 25.121 56 56 56h168zm0-344V0H152c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v368c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h272c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V128H344c-13.2 0-24-10.8-24-24zm120.971-31.029L375.029 7.029A24 24 0 0 0 358.059 0H352v96h96v-6.059a24 24 0 0 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136.2-40.2 199.3C958 772.3 921 827 874 874c-47 47-101.8 83.9-162.7 109.7-63.1 26.8-130.2 40.3-199.3 40.3z"></path></svg></div></div></div><div class="w-full"><div class="flex flex-col relative overflow-hidden h-auto text-foreground box-border outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 transition-transform-background motion-reduce:transition-none bg-secondary/20 shadow-none border border-secondary/30 rounded-md min-w-[300px] w-full" tabindex="-1"><div class="flex p-3 z-10 w-full shrink-0 overflow-inherit color-inherit subpixel-antialiased rounded-t-large font-medium font-sans text-davis-gray items-start justify-start hyphens-auto" lang="en"><span>Dictionary entries near <em>D</em></span></div><hr class="shrink-0 bg-divider border-none w-full h-divider" role="separator"/><div class="relative flex w-full p-3 flex-auto flex-col place-content-inherit align-items-inherit h-auto break-words text-left overflow-y-auto subpixel-antialiased"><ul class="list-none list-none grid grid-cols-1"><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/cytosine" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of cytosine" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">cytosine</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/cytotoxic" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of cytotoxic" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">cytotoxic</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/czar" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of czar" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">czar</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/Czech" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of Czech" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">Czech</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/Czechoslovakia" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of Czechoslovakia" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">Czechoslovakia</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity opacity-disabled cursor-default pointer-events-none w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" data-disabled="true" href="/word/D" rel="nofollow" role="link" aria-disabled="true" title="Origin and meaning of D" lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">D</span></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/D.A." rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of D.A." lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">D.A.</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/D.A.R." rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of D.A.R." lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">D.A.R.</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/d.c." rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of d.c." lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">d.c.</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent outline-none data-[focus-visible=true]:z-10 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-2 data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-focus data-[focus-visible=true]:outline-offset-2 text-medium no-underline hover:opacity-80 active:opacity-disabled transition-opacity w-full flex items-center justify-between px-2 py-2 group text-battleship-gray font-medium font-serif hyphens-auto" href="/word/D.D." rel="nofollow" tabindex="0" role="link" title="Origin and meaning of D.D." lang="en"><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><span class="group-hover:text-primary transition-colors">D.D.</span></span><span class="flex items-center gap-2"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="h-4 w-4 group-hover:text-primary transition-colors" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"></path><path d="M10 6 8.59 7.41 13.17 12l-4.58 4.59L10 18l6-6z"></path></svg></span></a></li><li><a class="relative tap-highlight-transparent 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earliest year for which there is a surviving written record of that word (in English, unless otherwise indicated). This should be taken as approximate, especially before about 1700, since a word may have been used in conversation for hundreds of years before it turns up in a manuscript that has had the good fortune to survive the centuries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eThe basic sources of this work are Weekley's \"An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English,\" Klein's \"A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language,\" \"Oxford English Dictionary\" (second edition), \"Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology,\" Holthausen's \"Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Englischen Sprache,\" and Kipfer and Chapman's \"Dictionary of American Slang.\"A full list of print sources used in this compilation can be found \u003ca rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"/columns/post/sources\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n \u003cp\u003eSince this dictionary went up, it has benefited from the suggestions of dozens of people I have never met, from around the world. 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Etymology Dictionary\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https://www.etymonline.com/search?q={search_term_string}\u0026utm_campaign=sd\u0026utm_medium=serp\u0026utm_source=ds_search\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}]},{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Etymology of \\\"D\\\" by etymonline\",\"url\":\"https://www.etymonline.com/word/D\",\"description\":\"\\\"door,\\\" so called from its shape. The form of the modern letter is the Greek delta (Δ)… See origin and meaning of d.\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https://www.etymonline.com#website\"}},{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":[\"DefinedTermSet\",\"Book\"],\"@id\":\"https://www.etymonline.com\",\"name\":\"Dictionary and etymology by etymonline\",\"description\":\"An online etymology dictionary providing the origin and history of English words\"},{\"@context\":\"https://schema.org\",\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"https://www.etymonline.com/word/D\",\"name\":\"D\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https://www.etymonline.com\"}]2c:T1128,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003efourth letter of the Roman alphabet, from Greek \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edelta\u003c/span\u003e, from Phoenician and Hebrew \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edaleth\u003c/span\u003e, pausal form of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003edeleth\u003c/span\u003e \"door,\" so called from its shape.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe form of the modern letter is the Greek delta (Δ) with one angle rounded. As the sign for \"500\" in Roman numerals, it is said to be half of CIƆ, which was an early form of M, the sign for \"1,000.\" \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e3-D\u003c/span\u003e for \"three-dimensional\" is attested from 1952.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnetymological \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-d-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is the result of a tendency in English and neighboring languages, perhaps for euphony, to add \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-d-\u003c/span\u003e to \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-n-\u003c/span\u003e, and especially to insert or swap a \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-d- \u003c/span\u003esound when \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-l-\u003c/span\u003e or \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-r-\u003c/span\u003e follow too closely an \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-n-\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompare \u003ca href=\"/word/sound#etymonline_v_23919\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of sound \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003esound\u003c/a\u003e (n.1), \u003ca href=\"/word/thunder#etymonline_v_13285\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of thunder \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ethunder\u003c/a\u003e (n.), \u003ca href=\"/word/pound#etymonline_v_18588\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of pound \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003epound\u003c/a\u003e (v.), \u003ca href=\"/word/spindle\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of spindle \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003espindle\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/kindred\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of kindred \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ekindred\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/strand#etymonline_v_22145\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of strand \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003estrand\u003c/a\u003e (n.2) \"fiber of rope,\" dialectal \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003erundel\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003erundle\u003c/span\u003e for \u003ca href=\"/word/runnel\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of runnel \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003erunnel\u003c/a\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eSwound\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e was a form of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eswoun\u003c/span\u003e (\u003ca href=\"/word/swoon\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of swoon \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eswoon\u003c/a\u003e) attested from mid-15c, and used by Malory, Spenser, Lyly, Middleton, Beaumont \u0026amp; Fletcher. Also obsolete \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eround\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e (n.) \"whispering,\" variant of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eroun\u003c/span\u003e \"secret, mystery, divine mystery\" (from Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003erun\u003c/span\u003e, source of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003erune\u003c/span\u003e), with unetymological \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-d\u003c/span\u003e attested by 15c. in the verb.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAmong the words from French are \u003ca href=\"/word/powder#etymonline_v_18594\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of powder \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003epowder\u003c/a\u003e (n.), \u003ca href=\"/word/meddle\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of meddle \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003emeddle\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/tender#etymonline_v_7728\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of tender \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003etender\u003c/a\u003e (adj.), \u003ca href=\"/word/remainder\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of remainder \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eremainder\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/gender#etymonline_v_1349\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of gender \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003egender\u003c/a\u003e (n.), also \u003ca href=\"/word/riband\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of riband \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eriband\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"/word/jaundice\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of jaundice \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003ejaundice\u003c/a\u003e. It is less evident in \u003ca href=\"/word/spider\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of spider \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003espider\u003c/a\u003e (an agent noun from the Germanic *\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003espin-\u003c/span\u003e root), and perhaps explains \u003ca href=\"/word/lender\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of lender \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003elender\u003c/a\u003e in place of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eloaner\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"2d:T515,fourth letter of the Roman alphabet, from Greek delta, from Phoenician and Hebrew daleth, pausal form of deleth \"door,\" so called from its shape. The form of the modern letter is the Greek delta (Δ) with one angle rounded. As the sign for \"500\" in Roman numerals, it is said to be half of CIƆ, which was an early form of M, the sign for \"1,000.\" 3-D for \"three-dimensional\" is attested from 1952. * Unetymological -d- is the result of a tendency in English and neighboring languages, perhaps for euphony, to add -d- to -n-, and especially to insert or swap a -d- sound when -l- or -r- follow too closely an -n-. Compare sound (n.1), thunder (n.), pound (v.), spindle, kindred, strand (n.2) \"fiber of rope,\" dialectal rundel, rundle for runnel. Swound was a form of swoun (swoon) attested from mid-15c, and used by Malory, Spenser, Lyly, Middleton, Beaumont \u0026amp; Fletcher. Also obsolete round (n.) \"whispering,\" variant of roun \"secret, mystery, divine mystery\" (from Old English run, source of rune), with unetymological -d attested by 15c. in the verb.\u0026nbsp; Among the words from French are powder (n.), meddle, tender (adj.), remainder, gender (n.), also riband, jaundice. It is less evident in spider (an agent noun from the Germanic *spin- root), and perhaps explains lender in place of loaner.2f:T883,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003cp\u003ec. 1300, \"kind, sort, class, a class or kind of persons or things sharing certain traits,\" from Old French \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egendre\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egenre\u003c/span\u003e \"kind, species; character; gender\" (12c., Modern French \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egenre\u003c/span\u003e), from stem of Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egenus\u003c/span\u003e (genitive \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egeneris\u003c/span\u003e) \"race, stock, family; kind, rank, order; species,\" also \"(male or female) sex,\" from PIE root \u003ca href=\"/word/*gene-\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of *gene- \"rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003e*gene-\u003c/a\u003e \"give birth, beget,\" with derivatives referring to procreation and familial and tribal groups.\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;The unetymological\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-d-\u003c/span\u003e is a phonetic accretion in Old French (see \u003ca href=\"/word/D\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of D \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eD\u003c/a\u003e). Also used in Latin to translate Aristotle's Greek grammatical term \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egenos\u003c/span\u003e. The grammatical sense is attested in English from late 14c. Jespersen (\"Philosophy of Grammar,\" 1924) defines grammatical gender by reference to the Indo-European distinction of masculine, feminine, neuter, \"whether the division be based on the natural division into two sexes, or on that between animate and inanimate, or on something else.\"\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eThe \"male-or-female sex\" sense of the word is attested in English from early 15c. As \u003ca href=\"/word/sex#etymonline_v_23308\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of sex \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003esex\u003c/a\u003e (n.) took on erotic qualities in 20c., \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egender\u003c/span\u003e came to be the usual English word for \"sex of a human being,\" in which use it was at first regarded as colloquial or humorous. Later often in feminist writing with reference to social attributes as much as biological qualities; this sense first attested 1963. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003eGender-bender\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is from 1977, popularized from 1980, with reference to pop star David Bowie.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"30:T600,\u003cp\u003e\"morbid condition characterized by yellowish skin and eyes (caused by bile pigments in the blood),\" c. 1300, \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ejaunis\u003c/span\u003e, from Old French \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ejaunice\u003c/span\u003e, earlier \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ejalnice\u003c/span\u003e, \"yellowness\" (12c.), from \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ejaune\u003c/span\u003e/\u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003ejalne\u003c/span\u003e \"yellow,\" from Latin \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egalbinus\u003c/span\u003e \"greenish yellow\" (also source of Italian \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egiallo\u003c/span\u003e), extended form of \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egalbus\u003c/span\u003e, which probably is from PIE root \u003ca href=\"/word/*ghel-#etymonline_v_52720\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of *ghel- \"rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003e*ghel-\u003c/a\u003e (2) \"to shine,\" with derivatives denoting \"green\" and \"yellow.\" With unetymological \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003e-d-\u003c/span\u003e (see \u003ca href=\"/word/D\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of D \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eD\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003eThe figurative meaning \"feeling in which views are colored or distorted\" is recorded by 1620s, from yellow's association with bitterness and envy (see \u003ca href=\"/word/yellow#etymonline_v_4951\" title=\"Etymology, meaning and definition of yellow \" class=\"crossreference notranslate\"\u003eyellow\u003c/a\u003e (adj.)). In Old English \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egeolu adl\u003c/span\u003e \"yellow sickness;\" in Middle English also \u003cspan class=\"foreign notranslate\"\u003egulesought\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e:[[\"$\",\"script\",null,{\"type\":\"application/ld+json\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$29\"}}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-12 justify-center\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"w-full lg:w-[728px] items-start\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-0\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L2a\",null,{\"slot\":\"pc_wd_top\",\"className\":\"h-[90px] w-[728px]\",\"isMobile\":false,\"wrapperConfigs\":{\"base\":{\"type\":\"main\",\"closeType\":\"none\",\"labelType\":\"none\"},\"lg\":{\"type\":\"normal\",\"closeType\":\"remove\",\"labelType\":\"none\"}}}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"mt-4 space-y-12 mobile:space-y-8 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hover:text-white\",\"href\":\"/word/meddle\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"meddle\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"pound\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L31\",null,{\"radius\":\"sm\",\"as\":\"$16\",\"title\":\"Origin and meaning of pound\",\"className\":\"bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white\",\"href\":\"/word/pound\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"pound\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"powder\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L31\",null,{\"radius\":\"sm\",\"as\":\"$16\",\"title\":\"Origin and meaning of powder\",\"className\":\"bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary hover:text-white\",\"href\":\"/word/powder\",\"prefetch\":false,\"children\":\"powder\"}]}],[\"$\",\"li\",\"remainder\",{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L31\",null,{\"radius\":\"sm\",\"as\":\"$16\",\"title\":\"Origin and meaning of remainder\",\"className\":\"bg-secondary text-lg text-foreground hover:bg-primary 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