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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_and_friendship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_and_friendship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Sport and friendship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_and_friendship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_theatrical_training_and_stage_experience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_theatrical_training_and_stage_experience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Early theatrical training and stage experience </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_theatrical_training_and_stage_experience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriages_and_family_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages_and_family_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Marriages and family life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages_and_family_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civic_activities_and_political_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civic_activities_and_political_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Civic activities and political activism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civic_activities_and_political_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Career </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Career subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_actor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_actor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 As actor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_actor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_director" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_director"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 As director </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_director-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_playwright" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_playwright"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 As playwright </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_playwright-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Comedies_of_menace"_(1957–1968)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Comedies_of_menace"_(1957–1968)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 "Comedies of menace" (1957–1968) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Comedies_of_menace"_(1957–1968)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Memory_plays"_(1968–1982)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Memory_plays"_(1968–1982)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 "Memory plays" (1968–1982) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Memory_plays"_(1968–1982)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overtly_political_plays_and_sketches_(1980–2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overtly_political_plays_and_sketches_(1980–2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 Overtly political plays and sketches (1980–2000) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overtly_political_plays_and_sketches_(1980–2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_screenwriter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_screenwriter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 As screenwriter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_screenwriter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2001–2008" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001–2008"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 2001–2008 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001–2008-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumous_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumous_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Posthumous events </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Posthumous_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Posthumous events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Posthumous_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Funeral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funeral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Funeral </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funeral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorial_tributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorial_tributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Memorial tributes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memorial_tributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Being_Harold_Pinter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Being_Harold_Pinter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Being Harold Pinter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Being_Harold_Pinter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Harold_Pinter_Theatre,_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Harold_Pinter_Theatre,_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 The Harold Pinter Theatre, London </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Harold_Pinter_Theatre,_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Honours </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Honours subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prize_in_Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Nobel Prize in Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prize_in_Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Légion_d'honneur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Légion_d'honneur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Légion d'honneur </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Légion_d'honneur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarly_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarly_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Scholarly response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarly_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinter_research_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinter_research_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Pinter research collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinter_research_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_works_and_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_works_and_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 List of works and bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_works_and_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Editions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Editions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_of_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_of_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Works of criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_of_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Harold Pinter</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" > 95 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="هارولد بنتر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هارولد بنتر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%BF_%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A8%D6%80" title="Հարոլտ Փինթըր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հարոլտ Փինթըր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="هارولد پینتر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هارولد پینتر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="হ্যারল্ড পিন্টার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হ্যারল্ড পিন্টার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Гаральд Пінтэр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гаральд Пінтэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Гаралд Пінтэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гаралд Пінтэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Харолд Пинтър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Харолд Пинтър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A0%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Χάρολντ Πίντερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάρολντ Πίντερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="هارولد پینتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هارولد پینتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B0" title="હેરોલ્ડ પિન્ટર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હેરોલ્ડ પિન્ટર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%9F%B4%EB%93%9C_%ED%95%80%ED%84%B0" title="해럴드 핀터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해럴드 핀터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հարոլդ Փինթեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարոլդ Փինթեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="हैरल्ड पिंटर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैरल्ड पिंटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8" title="הרולד פינטר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרולד פינטר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჰაროლდ პინტერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაროლდ პინტერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гарольд Пинтер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гарольд Пинтер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Пинтер, Гарольд – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Пинтер, Гарольд" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haroldus_Pinter" title="Haroldus Pinter – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Haroldus Pinter" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harolds_Pinters" title="Harolds Pinters – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Harolds Pinters" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Харолд Пинтер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Харолд Пинтер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC" title="ഹാരോൾഡ്‌ പിന്റർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാരോൾഡ്‌ പിന്റർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჰაროლდ პინტერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰაროლდ პინტერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="هارولد بنتر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هارولد بنتر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="هارولد پینتر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هارولد پینتر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ハロルド・ピンター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハロルド・ピンター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਹੈਰੋਲਡ ਪਿੰਟਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਰੋਲਡ ਪਿੰਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DA%88_%D9%BE%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ہارولڈ پنٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہارولڈ پنٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%DA%89_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%BC%D8%B1" title="هارولډ پينټر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هارولډ پينټر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Пинтер, Гарольд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пинтер, Гарольд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Харолд Пинтер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Харолд Пинтер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஹரோல்ட் பிண்டர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஹரோல்ட் பிண்டர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Һаролд Пинтер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һаролд Пинтер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แฮโรลด์ พินเทอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แฮโรลด์ พินเทอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Гарольд Пінтер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гарольд Пінтер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%84%DA%88_%D9%BE%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="ہیرلڈ پنٹر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیرلڈ پنٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%93%81%E7%89%B9" title="哈罗德·品特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈罗德·品特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Harold Pinter" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" 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For other people named Pinter, see <a href="/wiki/Pinter_(surname)" title="Pinter (surname)">Pinter (surname)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Harold Pinter</div> <div class="honorific-suffix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold-pinter-atp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pinter in 2005"><img alt="Pinter in 2005" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Harold-pinter-atp.jpg/220px-Harold-pinter-atp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Harold-pinter-atp.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="241" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Pinter in 2005</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">(1930-10-10)10 October 1930 London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">24 December 2008(2008-12-24) (aged 78) London, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">Playwright, screenwriter, actor, theatre director, poet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Period</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1947–2008</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Notable awards</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cohen_Prize" title="David Cohen Prize">David Cohen Prize</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Awards" title="Laurence Olivier Awards">Laurence Olivier Award</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vivien_Merchant" title="Vivien Merchant">Vivien Merchant</a> </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1956; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1980)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fraser" title="Antonia Fraser">Lady Antonia Fraser</a> </div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1980)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Pinter_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Harold_Pinter_Signature.svg/150px-Harold_Pinter_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Harold_Pinter_Signature.svg/225px-Harold_Pinter_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0d/Harold_Pinter_Signature.svg/300px-Harold_Pinter_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="70" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Pinter_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_26_Dec_2008_b00gy71c.flac" title="File:Harold Pinter BBC Radio4 Front Row 26 Dec 2008 b00gy71c.flac">Harold Pinter's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="39" data-mwtitle="Harold_Pinter_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_26_Dec_2008_b00gy71c.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Harold_Pinter_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_26_Dec_2008_b00gy71c.flac/Harold_Pinter_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_26_Dec_2008_b00gy71c.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/Harold_Pinter_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_26_Dec_2008_b00gy71c.flac/Harold_Pinter_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_26_Dec_2008_b00gy71c.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Harold_Pinter_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_26_Dec_2008_b00gy71c.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">from the BBC programme <a href="/wiki/Front_Row_(radio_programme)" title="Front Row (radio programme)">Front Row Interviews</a>, 26 December 2008.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haroldpinter.org">www.haroldpinter.org</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><hr /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/16px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/24px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/32px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="274" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Literature" title="Portal:Literature">Literature portal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Harold Pinter <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈpɪntər/</a>; 10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a British playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. A <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> winner, Pinter was one of the most influential modern British dramatists with a writing career that spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(play)" title="The Birthday Party (play)">The Birthday Party</a> (1957), <a href="/wiki/The_Homecoming" title="The Homecoming">The Homecoming</a> (1964) and <a href="/wiki/Betrayal_(play)" title="Betrayal (play)">Betrayal</a> (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include <a href="/wiki/The_Servant_(1963_film)" title="The Servant (1963 film)">The Servant</a> (1963), <a href="/wiki/The_Go-Between_(1971_film)" title="The Go-Between (1971 film)">The Go-Between</a> (1971), <a href="/wiki/The_French_Lieutenant%27s_Woman_(film)" title="The French Lieutenant's Woman (film)">The French Lieutenant's Woman</a> (1981), <a href="/wiki/The_Trial_(1993_film)" title="The Trial (1993 film)">The Trial</a> (1993) and <a href="/wiki/Sleuth_(2007_film)" title="Sleuth (2007 film)">Sleuth</a> (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television and film productions of his own and others' works. Pinter was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Hackney" title="Metropolitan Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a>, east London, and educated at <a href="/wiki/Hackney_Downs_School" title="Hackney Downs School">Hackney Downs School</a>. He was a sprinter and a keen cricket player, acting in school plays and writing <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>. He attended the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dramatic_Art" title="Royal Academy of Dramatic Art">Royal Academy of Dramatic Art</a> but did not complete the course. He was fined for refusing <a href="/wiki/National_service" title="National service">national service</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objector</a>. Subsequently, he continued training at the <a href="/wiki/Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Central School of Speech and Drama">Central School of Speech and Drama</a> and worked in repertory theatre in Ireland and England. In 1956 he married actress <a href="/wiki/Vivien_Merchant" title="Vivien Merchant">Vivien Merchant</a> and had a son, Daniel, born in 1958. He left Merchant in 1975 and married author <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fraser" title="Antonia Fraser">Lady Antonia Fraser</a> in 1980. Pinter's career as a playwright began with a production of <a href="/wiki/The_Room_(play)" title="The Room (play)">The Room</a> in 1957. His second play, <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(play)" title="The Birthday Party (play)">The Birthday Party</a>, closed after eight performances but was enthusiastically reviewed by critic <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hobson" title="Harold Hobson">Harold Hobson</a>. His early works were described by critics as "<a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_menace" title="Comedy of menace">comedy of menace</a>". Later plays such as <a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(play)" title="No Man's Land (play)">No Man's Land</a> (1975) and <a href="/wiki/Betrayal_(play)" title="Betrayal (play)">Betrayal</a> (1978) became known as "<a href="/wiki/Memory_play" title="Memory play">memory plays</a>". He appeared as an actor in productions of his own work on radio and film, and directed nearly 50 productions for stage, theatre and screen. Pinter received over 50 awards, prizes and other honours, including the <a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> in 2005 and the French <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a> in 2007. Despite frail health after being diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Esophageal_cancer" title="Esophageal cancer">oesophageal cancer</a> in December 2001, Pinter continued to act on stage and screen, last performing the title role of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>'s one-act monologue <a href="/wiki/Krapp%27s_Last_Tape#Harold_Pinter" title="Krapp's Last Tape">Krapp's Last Tape</a>, for the 50th anniversary season of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre" title="Royal Court Theatre">Royal Court Theatre</a>, in October 2006. He died from <a href="/wiki/Liver_cancer" title="Liver cancer">liver cancer</a> on 24 December 2008. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h3></div> Pinter was born on 10 October 1930, in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Hackney" title="Metropolitan Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a>, east London, the only child of British Jewish parents of Eastern European descent: his father, Hyman "Jack" Pinter (1902–1997) was a ladies' tailor; his mother, Frances (née Moskowitz; 1904–1992), a housewife.<a href="#cite_note-GussowConv103-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Pinter believed an aunt's erroneous view that the family was <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardic</a> and had fled the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a>; thus, for his early poems, Pinter used the pseudonym Pinta and at other times used variations such as da Pinto.<a href="#cite_note-Billington1-4">[4]</a> Later research by <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fraser" title="Antonia Fraser">Lady Antonia Fraser</a>, Pinter's second wife, revealed the legend to be apocryphal; three of Pinter's grandparents came from Poland and the fourth from <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>, so the family was <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Billington1-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-JewishBackground-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Woolf1-6">[6]</a> Pinter's family home in London is described by his official biographer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Billington_(critic)" title="Michael Billington (critic)">Michael Billington</a> as "a solid, red-brick, three-storey villa just off the noisy, bustling, traffic-ridden thoroughfare of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Clapton" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Clapton">Lower Clapton</a> Road".<a href="#cite_note-Billington,_Harold_Pinter_2-7">[7]</a> In 1940 and 1941, after <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">the Blitz</a>, Pinter was <a href="/wiki/Evacuations_of_civilians_in_Britain_during_World_War_II" title="Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II">evacuated</a> from their house in London to <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Billington,_Harold_Pinter_2-7">[7]</a> Billington states that the "life-and-death intensity of daily experience" before and during the Blitz left Pinter with profound memories "of loneliness, bewilderment, separation and loss: themes that are in all his works."<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Pinter discovered his social potential as a student at <a href="/wiki/Hackney_Downs_School" title="Hackney Downs School">Hackney Downs School</a>, a London grammar school, between 1944 and 1948. "Partly through the school and partly through the social life of Hackney Boys' Club ... he formed an almost <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sacerdotal" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:sacerdotal">sacerdotal</a> belief in the power of male friendship. The friends he made in those days – most particularly <a href="/wiki/Henry_Woolf" title="Henry Woolf">Henry Woolf</a>, Michael (Mick) Goldstein and Morris (Moishe) Wernick – have always been a vital part of the emotional texture of his life."<a href="#cite_note-Woolf1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> A major influence on Pinter was his inspirational English teacher Joseph Brearley, who directed him in school plays and with whom he took long walks, talking about literature.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> According to Billington, under Brearley's instruction, "Pinter shone at English, wrote for the school magazine and discovered a gift for acting."<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In 1947 and 1948, he played <a href="/wiki/Romeo_Montague" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeo Montague">Romeo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(Macbeth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macbeth (Macbeth)">Macbeth</a> in productions directed by Brearley.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> At the age of 12, Pinter began writing poetry, and in spring 1947, his poetry was first published in the Hackney Downs School Magazine.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> In 1950 his poetry was first published outside the school magazine, in <a href="/wiki/Poetry_London" title="Poetry London">Poetry London</a>, some of it under the pseudonym "Harold Pinta".<a href="#cite_note-RansomColl-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Pinter was an atheist.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_and_friendship">Sport and friendship</h3></div> Pinter enjoyed running and broke the Hackney Downs School sprinting record.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bakerchap1-19">[19]</a> He was a <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> enthusiast, taking his bat with him when evacuated during the Blitz.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In 1971, he told <a href="/wiki/Mel_Gussow" title="Mel Gussow">Mel Gussow</a>: "one of my main obsessions in life is the game of cricket—I play and watch and read about it all the time."<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> He was chairman of the Gaieties Cricket Club, a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Yorkshire County Cricket Club">Yorkshire Cricket Club</a>,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and devoted a section of his official website to the sport.<a href="#cite_note-Gaieties-23">[23]</a> One wall of his study was dominated by a portrait of himself as a young man playing cricket, which was described by <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lyall" title="Sarah Lyall">Sarah Lyall</a>, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>: "The painted Mr. Pinter, poised to swing his bat, has a wicked glint in his eye; testosterone all but flies off the canvas."<a href="#cite_note-Lyall-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sherwin-25">[25]</a> Pinter approved of the "urban and exacting idea of cricket as a bold theatre of aggression."<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> After his death, several of his school contemporaries recalled his achievements in sports, especially cricket and running.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> memorial tribute included an essay on Pinter and cricket.<a href="#cite_note-Burtoncricket-28">[28]</a> Other interests that Pinter mentioned to interviewers are family, love and sex, drinking, writing, and reading.<a href="#cite_note-GussowBillMerr-29">[29]</a> According to Billington, "If the notion of male loyalty, competitive rivalry and fear of betrayal forms a constant thread in Pinter's work from The Dwarfs onwards, its origins can be found in his teenage Hackney years. Pinter adores women, enjoys flirting with them, and worships their resilience and strength. But, in his early work especially, they are often seen as disruptive influences on some pure and <a href="/wiki/Platonic_love" title="Platonic love">Platonic</a> ideal of male friendship: one of the most crucial of all Pinter's lost <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Edens</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Woolf1-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_theatrical_training_and_stage_experience">Early theatrical training and stage experience</h3></div> Beginning in late 1948, Pinter attended the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Dramatic_Art" title="Royal Academy of Dramatic Art">Royal Academy of Dramatic Art</a> for two terms, but hating the school, missed most of his classes, feigned a nervous breakdown, and dropped out in 1949.<a href="#cite_note-BillingtonBatty1-31">[31]</a> In 1948 he was called up for <a href="/wiki/National_service" title="National service">National Service</a>. He was initially refused registration as a <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objector</a>, leading to his twice being prosecuted, and fined, for refusing to accept a medical examination, before his CO registration was ultimately agreed.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> He had a small part in the Christmas <a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">pantomime</a> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Whittington_and_His_Cat" title="Dick Whittington and His Cat">Dick Whittington and His Cat</a> at the Chesterfield Hippodrome in 1949 to 1950.<a href="#cite_note-BillingtonBatty2-33">[33]</a> From January to July 1951, he attended the <a href="/wiki/Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Central School of Speech and Drama">Central School of Speech and Drama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BillingtonBatty3-34">[34]</a> From 1951 to 1952, he toured Ireland with the <a href="/wiki/Anew_McMaster" title="Anew McMaster">Anew McMaster</a> repertory company, playing over a dozen roles.<a href="#cite_note-Mac-35">[35]</a> In 1952, he began acting in regional English repertory productions; from 1953 to 1954, he worked for the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Wolfit" title="Donald Wolfit">Donald Wolfit</a> Company, at the King's Theatre, <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith" title="Hammersmith">Hammersmith</a>, performing eight roles.<a href="#cite_note-BattyAct-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-BillingtonActing-37">[37]</a> From 1954 until 1959, Pinter acted under the stage name David Baron.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rep-39">[39]</a> In all, Pinter played over 20 roles under that name.<a href="#cite_note-Rep-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-BillingtonHP1-40">[40]</a> To supplement his income from acting, Pinter worked as a waiter, a postman, a bouncer, and a snow-clearer, meanwhile, according to Mark Batty, "harbouring ambitions as a poet and writer."<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In October 1989 Pinter recalled: "I was in English rep as an actor for about 12 years. My favourite roles were undoubtedly the sinister ones. They're something to get your teeth into."<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> During that period, he also performed occasional roles in his own and others' works for radio, TV, and film, as he continued to do throughout his career.<a href="#cite_note-Rep-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-BillingtonActing2-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriages_and_family_life">Marriages and family life</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Pinter%27s_home,_Worthing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Harold_Pinter%27s_home%2C_Worthing.jpg/220px-Harold_Pinter%27s_home%2C_Worthing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Harold_Pinter%27s_home%2C_Worthing.jpg/330px-Harold_Pinter%27s_home%2C_Worthing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Harold_Pinter%27s_home%2C_Worthing.jpg/440px-Harold_Pinter%27s_home%2C_Worthing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Pinter's house in <a href="/wiki/Worthing" title="Worthing">Worthing</a>, 1962–64</figcaption></figure> From 1956 until 1980, Pinter was married to <a href="/wiki/Vivien_Merchant" title="Vivien Merchant">Vivien Merchant</a>, an actress whom he met on tour,<a href="#cite_note-Telegraphobit-44">[44]</a> perhaps best known for her performance in the 1966 film <a href="/wiki/Alfie_(1966_film)" title="Alfie (1966 film)">Alfie</a>. Their son Daniel was born in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Through the early 1970s, Merchant appeared in many of Pinter's works, including <a href="/wiki/The_Homecoming" title="The Homecoming">The Homecoming</a> on stage (1965) and screen (1973), but the marriage was turbulent.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> For seven years, from 1962 to 1969, Pinter was engaged in a clandestine affair with BBC-TV presenter and journalist <a href="/wiki/Joan_Bakewell" title="Joan Bakewell">Joan Bakewell</a>, which inspired his 1978 play <a href="/wiki/Betrayal_(play)" title="Betrayal (play)">Betrayal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Billington,_pp._257-47">[47]</a> and also throughout that period and beyond he had an affair with an American socialite, whom he nicknamed "Cleopatra". This relationship was another secret he kept from both his wife and Bakewell.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Initially, Betrayal was thought to be a response to his later affair with historian <a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fraser" title="Antonia Fraser">Antonia Fraser</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Fraser_(British_politician)" title="Hugh Fraser (British politician)">Hugh Fraser</a>, and Pinter's "marital crack-up".<a href="#cite_note-Billington,_p._257-49">[49]</a> Pinter and Merchant had both met Antonia Fraser in 1969, when all three worked together on a <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery (London)">National Gallery</a> programme about <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>; several years later, on 8–9 January 1975, Pinter and Fraser became romantically involved.<a href="#cite_note-Fraserone-50">[50]</a> That meeting initiated their five-year extramarital love affair.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bill252-52">[52]</a> After hiding the relationship from Merchant for two and a half months, on 21 March 1975, Pinter finally told her "I've met somebody".<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> After that, "Life in Hanover Terrace gradually became impossible", and Pinter moved out of their house on 28 April 1975, five days after the première of <a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(play)" title="No Man's Land (play)">No Man's Land</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Billington253-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-People-55">[55]</a> In mid-August 1977, after Pinter and Fraser had spent two years living in borrowed and rented quarters, they moved into her former family home in <a href="/wiki/Holland_Park" title="Holland Park">Holland Park</a>,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> where Pinter began writing Betrayal.<a href="#cite_note-Billington,_p._257-49">[49]</a> He reworked it later, while on holiday at the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_Eastbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Hotel Eastbourne">Grand Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastbourne" title="Eastbourne">Eastbourne</a>, in early January 1978.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> After the Frasers' divorce had become final in 1977 and the Pinters' in 1980, Pinter married Fraser on 27 November 1980.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Because of a two-week delay in Merchant's signing the divorce papers, however, the reception had to precede the actual ceremony, originally scheduled to occur on his 50th birthday.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Vivien Merchant died of acute alcoholism in the first week of October 1982, at the age of 53.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Billington writes that Pinter "did everything possible to support" her and regretted that he ultimately became estranged from their son, Daniel, after their separation, Pinter's remarriage, and Merchant's death.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> A reclusive gifted musician and writer, Daniel changed his surname from Pinter to Brand, the maiden name of his maternal grandmother,<a href="#cite_note-Bill255-63">[63]</a> before Pinter and Fraser became romantically involved; while according to Fraser, his father could not understand it, she says that she could: "Pinter is such a distinctive name that he must have got tired of being asked, 'Any relation?'"<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Michael Billington wrote that Pinter saw Daniel's name change as "a largely pragmatic move on Daniel's part designed to keep the press ... at bay."<a href="#cite_note-Bill254-65">[65]</a> Fraser told Billington that Daniel "was very nice to me at a time when it would have been only too easy for him to have turned on me ... simply because he had been the sole focus of his father's love and now manifestly wasn't."<a href="#cite_note-Bill254-65">[65]</a> Still unreconciled at the time of his father's death, Daniel Brand did not attend Pinter's funeral.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Billington observes that "The break-up with Vivien and the new life with Antonia was to have a profound effect on Pinter's personality and his work," though he adds that Fraser herself did not claim to have influence over Pinter or his writing.<a href="#cite_note-Bill255-63">[63]</a> In her own contemporaneous diary entry dated 15 January 1993, Fraser described herself more as Pinter's literary midwife.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Indeed, she told Billington that "other people [such as <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a>, among others] had a shaping influence on [Pinter's] politics" and attributed changes in his writing and political views to a change from "an unhappy, complicated personal life ... to a happy, uncomplicated personal life", so that "a side of Harold which had always been there was somehow released. I think you can see that in his work after <a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(play)" title="No Man's Land (play)">No Man's Land</a> [1975], which was a very bleak play."<a href="#cite_note-Bill255-63">[63]</a> Pinter was content in his second marriage and enjoyed family life with his six adult stepchildren and 17 step-grandchildren.<a href="#cite_note-BillingtonHPDD-68">[68]</a> Even after battling cancer for several years, he considered himself "a very lucky man in every respect".<a href="#cite_note-Lucky-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Lyall" title="Sarah Lyall">Sarah Lyall</a> notes in her 2007 interview with Pinter in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> that his "latest work, a slim pamphlet called 'Six Poems for A.', comprises poems written over 32 years, with "A" of course being Lady Antonia. The first of the poems was written in Paris, where she and Mr. Pinter traveled soon after they met. More than three decades later the two are rarely apart, and Mr. Pinter turns soft, even cozy, when he talks about his wife."<a href="#cite_note-Lyall-24">[24]</a> In that interview Pinter "acknowledged that his plays—full of infidelity, cruelty, inhumanity, the lot—seem at odds with his domestic contentment. 'How can you write a happy play?' he said. 'Drama is about conflict and degrees of perturbation, disarray. I've never been able to write a happy play, but I've been able to enjoy a happy life.'"<a href="#cite_note-Lyall-24">[24]</a> After his death, Fraser told <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>: "He was a great man, and it was a privilege to live with him for over 33 years. He will never be forgotten."<a href="#cite_note-Siddique-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civic_activities_and_political_activism">Civic activities and political activism</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter_and_politics" title="Harold Pinter and politics">Harold Pinter and politics</a></div> In 1948–49, when he was 18, Pinter opposed the politics of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, leading to his decision to become a <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">conscientious objector</a> and to refuse to comply with <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conscription in the United Kingdom">National Service</a> in the British military. However, he told interviewers that, if he had been old enough at the time, he would have fought against the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazis</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> He seemed to express ambivalence, both indifference and hostility, towards political structures and politicians in his Fall 1966 <a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Review" title="The Paris Review">Paris Review</a> interview conducted by <a href="/wiki/Larry_Bensky" title="Larry Bensky">Lawrence M. Bensky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bensky-73">[73]</a> Yet, he had been an early member of the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a> and also had supported the British <a href="/wiki/Anti-Apartheid_Movement" title="Anti-Apartheid Movement">Anti-Apartheid Movement</a> (1959–1994), participating in British artists' refusal to permit professional productions of their work in South Africa in 1963 and in subsequent related campaigns.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-politics-76">[76]</a> In "A Play and Its Politics", a 1985 interview with Nicholas Hern, Pinter described his earlier plays retrospectively from the perspective of the politics of power and the dynamics of oppression.<a href="#cite_note-MerrittPandP-77">[77]</a> In his last 25 years, Pinter increasingly focused his essays, interviews and public appearances directly on political issues. He was an officer in <a href="/wiki/International_PEN" class="mw-redirect" title="International PEN">International PEN</a>, travelling with American playwright <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a> to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> in 1985 on a mission co-sponsored with a <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Watch" title="Helsinki Watch">Helsinki Watch</a> committee to investigate and protest against the torture of imprisoned writers. There he met victims of political oppression and their families. Pinter's experiences in Turkey and his knowledge of the Turkish suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish language</a> inspired his 1988 play <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Language" title="Mountain Language">Mountain Language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BillingtonGussow-78">[78]</a> He was also an active member of the <a href="/wiki/Cuba_Solidarity_Campaign" title="Cuba Solidarity Campaign">Cuba Solidarity Campaign</a>, an organisation that "campaigns in the UK against the US blockade of <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>".<a href="#cite_note-CubaSolidarityCampaign-79">[79]</a> In 2001, Pinter joined the International Committee to Defend Slobodan Milošević (ICDSM), which appealed for a fair trial and for the freedom of <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a>, signing a related "Artists' Appeal for Milošević" in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-timesobit-80">[80]</a> Pinter strongly opposed the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, the 1999 <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> bombing campaign in <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">FR Yugoslavia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a>, the United States' 2001 <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 Invasion of Iraq</a>. Among his provocative political statements, Pinter called Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> a "deluded idiot" and compared the administration of President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-timesobit-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-ChrisafisandTilden-81">[81]</a> He stated that the United States "was charging towards world domination while the American public and Britain's '<a href="/wiki/Mass-murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass-murder">mass-murdering</a>' prime minister sat back and watched."<a href="#cite_note-ChrisafisandTilden-81">[81]</a> He was very active in the <a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">antiwar movement</a> in the United Kingdom, speaking at rallies held by the <a href="/wiki/Stop_the_War_Coalition" title="Stop the War Coalition">Stop the War Coalition</a><a href="#cite_note-Turinspeech-82">[82]</a> and frequently criticising American aggression, as when he asked rhetorically, in his acceptance speech for the <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Wilfred Owen</a> Award for Poetry on 18 March 2007: "What would Wilfred Owen make of the <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a>? A bandit act, an act of blatant <a href="/wiki/State_terrorism" title="State terrorism">state terrorism</a>, demonstrating absolute contempt for the conception of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>."<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Pinter earned a reputation for being pugnacious, enigmatic, taciturn, terse, prickly, explosive and forbidding.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Pinter's blunt political statements, and the award of the Nobel Prize in Literature, elicited strong criticism and even, at times, provoked ridicule and personal attacks.<a href="#cite_note-HariPryce-Jones-87">[87]</a> The historian <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Alderman" title="Geoffrey Alderman">Geoffrey Alderman</a>, author of the official history of Hackney Downs School, expressed his own "Jewish View" of Harold Pinter: "Whatever his merit as a writer, actor and director, on an ethical plane Harold Pinter seems to me to have been intensely flawed, and his moral compass deeply fractured."<a href="#cite_note-Alderman-88">[88]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Edgar_(playwright)" title="David Edgar (playwright)">David Edgar</a>, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, defended Pinter against what he termed Pinter's "being berated by the belligerati" like <a href="/wiki/Johann_Hari" title="Johann Hari">Johann Hari</a>, who felt that he did not "deserve" to win the Nobel Prize.<a href="#cite_note-Edgard-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-PinterColossal-90">[90]</a> Later Pinter continued to campaign against the Iraq War and on behalf of other political causes that he supported. Pinter signed the mission statement of <a href="/wiki/Jews_for_Justice_for_Palestinians" title="Jews for Justice for Palestinians">Jews for Justice for Palestinians</a> in 2005 and its full-page advertisement, "What Is Israel Doing? A Call by Jews in Britain", published in <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> on 6 July 2006,<a href="#cite_note-Alderman-88">[88]</a> and he was a patron of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Festival_of_Literature" title="Palestine Festival of Literature">Palestine Festival of Literature</a>. In April 2008, Pinter signed the statement "We're not celebrating Israel's anniversary". The statement noted: "We cannot celebrate the birthday of a state founded on terrorism, massacres and the dispossession of another people from their land.", "We will celebrate when Arab and Jew live as equals in a peaceful Middle East"<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Works_of_Harold_Pinter" class="mw-redirect" title="Works of Harold Pinter">Works of Harold Pinter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Characteristics_of_Harold_Pinter%27s_work" title="Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work">Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Pinter_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Harold_Pinter_1962.jpg/180px-Harold_Pinter_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Harold_Pinter_1962.jpg/270px-Harold_Pinter_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Harold_Pinter_1962.jpg/360px-Harold_Pinter_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="963" /></a><figcaption>Pinter in 1962</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_actor">As actor</h3></div> Pinter's acting career spanned over 50 years and, although he often played <a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">villains</a>, included a wide range of roles on stage and in radio, film, and television.<a href="#cite_note-BattyAct-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-BFIFilmTVCredits-92">[92]</a> In addition to roles in radio and television adaptations of his own plays and dramatic sketches, early in his screenwriting career he made several cameo appearances in films based on his own screenplays; for example, as a society man in <a href="/wiki/The_Servant_(1963_film)" title="The Servant (1963 film)">The Servant</a> (1963) and as Mr. Bell in <a href="/wiki/Accident_(1967_film)" title="Accident (1967 film)">Accident</a> (1967), both directed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Joseph Losey</a>; and as a bookshop customer in his later film <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Diary" title="Turtle Diary">Turtle Diary</a> (1985), starring <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenda_Jackson" title="Glenda Jackson">Glenda Jackson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BattyAct-36">[36]</a> Pinter's notable film and television roles included the lawyer Saul Abrahams opposite <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rogue_Male_(1976_film)" title="Rogue Male (1976 film)">Rogue Male</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC TV</a>'s 1976 adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Household" title="Geoffrey Household">Geoffrey Household</a>'s 1939 novel, and a drunk Irish journalist in <a href="/wiki/Langrishe,_Go_Down_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Langrishe, Go Down (film)">Langrishe, Go Down</a> (starring <a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a>) distributed on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> in 1978<a href="#cite_note-BFIFilmTVCredits-92">[92]</a> and released in movie theatres in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-HPFLC-93">[93]</a> Pinter's later film roles included the criminal Sam Ross in Mojo (1997), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Jez_Butterworth" title="Jez Butterworth">Jez Butterworth</a>, based on Butterworth's <a href="/wiki/Mojo_(play)" title="Mojo (play)">play of the same name</a>; Sir Thomas Bertram (his most substantial feature-film role) in <a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Park_(1999_film)" title="Mansfield Park (1999 film)">Mansfield Park</a> (1998), a character that Pinter described as "a very civilised man ... a man of great sensibility but in fact, he's upholding and sustaining a totally brutal system [the slave trade] from which he derives his money"; and Uncle Benny, opposite <a href="/wiki/Pierce_Brosnan" title="Pierce Brosnan">Pierce Brosnan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a>, in <a href="/wiki/The_Tailor_of_Panama_(film)" title="The Tailor of Panama (film)">The Tailor of Panama</a> (2001).<a href="#cite_note-BattyAct-36">[36]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Television_movie" class="mw-redirect" title="Television movie">television films</a>, he played Mr. Bearing, the father of <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">ovarian cancer</a> patient Vivian Bearing, played by <a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nichols" title="Mike Nichols">Mike Nichols</a>'s <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> film of the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>-winning play <a href="/wiki/Wit_(film)" title="Wit (film)">Wit</a> (2001); and the Director opposite <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (Gielgud's last role) and <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Pidgeon" title="Rebecca Pidgeon">Rebecca Pidgeon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(play)" title="Catastrophe (play)">Catastrophe</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/David_Mamet" title="David Mamet">David Mamet</a> as part of Beckett on Film (2001).<a href="#cite_note-BattyAct-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-BFIFilmTVCredits-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_director">As director</h3></div> Pinter began to direct more frequently during the 1970s, becoming an associate director of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a> (NT) in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-HPNT-94">[94]</a> He directed almost 50 productions of his own and others' plays for stage, film, and television, including 10 productions of works by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Gray" title="Simon Gray">Simon Gray</a>: the stage and/or film premières of <a href="/wiki/Butley_(film)" title="Butley (film)">Butley</a> (stage, 1971; film, 1974), <a href="/wiki/Otherwise_Engaged" title="Otherwise Engaged">Otherwise Engaged</a> (1975), The Rear Column (stage, 1978; TV, 1980), Close of Play (NT, 1979), <a href="/wiki/Quartermaine%27s_Terms" title="Quartermaine's Terms">Quartermaine's Terms</a> (1981), Life Support (1997), The Late Middle Classes (1999), and The Old Masters (2004).<a href="#cite_note-Telegraphobit-44">[44]</a> Several of those productions starred <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bates" title="Alan Bates">Alan Bates</a> (1934–2003), who originated the stage and screen roles of not only Butley but also Mick in Pinter's first major commercial success, <a href="/wiki/The_Caretaker" title="The Caretaker">The Caretaker</a> (stage, 1960; film, 1964); and in Pinter's double-bill produced at the <a href="/wiki/Lyric_Hammersmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyric Hammersmith">Lyric Hammersmith</a> in 1984, he played Nicolas in <a href="/wiki/One_for_the_Road_(Harold_Pinter_play)" class="mw-redirect" title="One for the Road (Harold Pinter play)">One for the Road</a> and the cab driver in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Station_(play)" title="Victoria Station (play)">Victoria Station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Among over 35 plays that Pinter directed were Next of Kin (1974), by <a href="/wiki/John_Hopkins_(screenwriter)" title="John Hopkins (screenwriter)">John Hopkins</a>; <a href="/wiki/Blithe_Spirit_(play)" title="Blithe Spirit (play)">Blithe Spirit</a> (1976), by <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Innocents_(play)" title="The Innocents (play)">The Innocents</a> (1976), by <a href="/wiki/William_Archibald_(playwright)" title="William Archibald (playwright)">William Archibald</a>; Circe and Bravo (1986), by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Freed" title="Donald Freed">Donald Freed</a>; <a href="/wiki/Taking_Sides_(play)" title="Taking Sides (play)">Taking Sides</a> (1995), by <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Harwood" title="Ronald Harwood">Ronald Harwood</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Angry_Men_(play)" title="Twelve Angry Men (play)">Twelve Angry Men</a> (1996), by <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Rose" title="Reginald Rose">Reginald Rose</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HPNT-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-BattyDir-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_playwright">As playwright</h3></div> Pinter was the author of 29 plays and 15 dramatic sketches and the co-author of two works for stage and radio.<a href="#cite_note-Plays-97">[97]</a> He was considered to have been one of the most influential modern British dramatists,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-99">[99]</a> Along with the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Play">Tony Award for Best Play</a> for The Homecoming and several other American awards and award nominations, he and his plays received many awards in the UK and elsewhere throughout the world.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> His style has entered the English language as an adjective, "<a href="/wiki/Characteristics_of_Harold_Pinter%27s_work#Pinteresque" title="Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work">Pinteresque</a>", although Pinter himself disliked the term and found it meaningless.<a href="#cite_note-Wark-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Comedies_of_menace"_(1957–1968)">"Comedies of menace" (1957–1968)</h4></div> Pinter's first play, <a href="/wiki/The_Room_(play)" title="The Room (play)">The Room</a>, written and first performed in 1957, was a student production at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bristol" title="University of Bristol">University of Bristol</a>, directed by his good friend, actor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Woolf" title="Henry Woolf">Henry Woolf</a>, who also originated the role of Mr. Kidd (which he reprised in 2001 and 2007).<a href="#cite_note-Plays-97">[97]</a> After Pinter mentioned that he had an idea for a play, Woolf asked him to write it so that he could direct it to fulfill a requirement for his postgraduate work. Pinter wrote it in three days.<a href="#cite_note-MerrittWoolf-102">[102]</a> The production was described by Billington as "a staggeringly confident debut which attracted the attention of a young producer, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Codron" title="Michael Codron">Michael Codron</a>, who decided to present Pinter's next play, <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(play)" title="The Birthday Party (play)">The Birthday Party</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Lyric_Hammersmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyric Hammersmith">Lyric Hammersmith</a>, in 1958."<a href="#cite_note-Billobit-103">[103]</a> Written in 1957 and produced in 1958, Pinter's second play, The Birthday Party, one of his best-known works, was initially both a commercial and critical disaster, despite an enthusiastic review in <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> by its influential drama critic <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hobson" title="Harold Hobson">Harold Hobson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> which appeared only after the production had closed and could not be reprieved.<a href="#cite_note-Billobit-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Critical accounts often quote Hobson: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I am well aware that Mr Pinter[']s play received extremely bad notices last Tuesday morning. At the moment I write these [words] it is uncertain even whether the play will still be in the bill by the time they appear, though it is probable it will soon be seen elsewhere. Deliberately, I am willing to risk whatever reputation I have as a judge of plays by saying that The Birthday Party is not a Fourth, not even a Second, but a First [as in Class Honours]; and that Pinter, on the evidence of his work, possesses the most original, disturbing and arresting talent in theatrical London ... Mr Pinter and The Birthday Party, despite their experiences last week, will be heard of again. Make a note of their names.</blockquote> Pinter himself and later critics generally credited Hobson as bolstering him and perhaps even rescuing his career.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> In a review published in 1958, borrowing from the subtitle of The Lunatic View: A Comedy of Menace, a play by <a href="/wiki/David_Campton" title="David Campton">David Campton</a>, critic <a href="/wiki/Irving_Wardle" title="Irving Wardle">Irving Wardle</a> called Pinter's early plays "<a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_menace" title="Comedy of menace">comedy of menace</a>"—a label that people have applied repeatedly to his work.<a href="#cite_note-Merritt3-107">[107]</a> Such plays begin with an apparently innocent situation that becomes both threatening and "<a href="/wiki/Absurdism" title="Absurdism">absurd</a>" as Pinter's characters behave in ways often perceived as inexplicable by his audiences and one another. Pinter acknowledges the influence of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>, particularly on his early work; they became friends, sending each other drafts of their works in progress for comments.<a href="#cite_note-Wark-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-BillingtonWark-108">[108]</a> Pinter wrote <a href="/wiki/The_Hothouse" title="The Hothouse">The Hothouse</a> in 1958, which he shelved for over 20 years (See "Overtly political plays and sketches" below). Next he wrote <a href="/wiki/The_Dumb_Waiter" title="The Dumb Waiter">The Dumb Waiter</a> (1959), which premièred in Germany and was then produced in a <a href="/wiki/Double_bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Double bill">double bill</a> with The Room at the <a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Theatre" title="Hampstead Theatre">Hampstead Theatre Club</a>, in London, in 1960.<a href="#cite_note-Plays-97">[97]</a> It was then not produced often until the 1980s, and it has been revived more frequently since 2000, including the <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Trafalgar Studios">Trafalgar Studios</a> production in 2007. The first production of <a href="/wiki/The_Caretaker" title="The Caretaker">The Caretaker</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Arts_Theatre" title="Arts Theatre">Arts Theatre Club</a>, in London, in 1960, established Pinter's theatrical reputation.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The play transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Theatre" title="Duchess Theatre">Duchess Theatre</a> in May 1960 and ran for 444 performances,<a href="#cite_note-sheffcare-110">[110]</a> receiving an <a href="/wiki/Evening_Standard_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Evening Standard Award">Evening Standard Award</a> for best play of 1960.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Large radio and television audiences for his one-act play <a href="/wiki/A_Night_Out_(play)" title="A Night Out (play)">A Night Out</a>, along with the popularity of his revue sketches, propelled him to further critical attention.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In 1964, The Birthday Party was revived both on television (with Pinter himself in the role of Goldberg) and on stage (directed by Pinter at the <a href="/wiki/Aldwych_Theatre" title="Aldwych Theatre">Aldwych Theatre</a>) and was well received.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> By the time Peter Hall's London production of The Homecoming (1964) reached <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> in 1967, Pinter had become a celebrity playwright, and the play garnered four <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Awards</a>, among other awards.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> During this period, Pinter also wrote the radio play <a href="/wiki/A_Slight_Ache" title="A Slight Ache">A Slight Ache</a>, first broadcast on the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Third_Programme" title="BBC Third Programme">BBC Third Programme</a> in 1959 and then adapted to the stage and performed at the <a href="/wiki/Arts_Theatre" title="Arts Theatre">Arts Theatre Club</a> in 1961. A Night Out (1960) was broadcast to a large audience on <a href="/wiki/ABC_Weekend_TV" title="ABC Weekend TV">ABC Weekend TV</a>'s television show <a href="/wiki/Armchair_Theatre" title="Armchair Theatre">Armchair Theatre</a>, after being transmitted on BBC Radio 3, also in 1960. His play <a href="/wiki/Night_School_(play)" title="Night School (play)">Night School</a> was first televised in 1960 on <a href="/wiki/Associated_Rediffusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated Rediffusion">Associated Rediffusion</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Collection_(play)" title="The Collection (play)">The Collection</a> premièred at the <a href="/wiki/Aldwych_Theatre" title="Aldwych Theatre">Aldwych Theatre</a> in 1962, and The Dwarfs, adapted from Pinter's then unpublished novel of the same title, was first broadcast on radio in 1960, then adapted for the stage (also at the Arts Theatre Club) in a double bill with <a href="/wiki/The_Lover_(play)" title="The Lover (play)">The Lover</a>, which had previously been televised by Associated Rediffusion in 1963; and <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_(play)" title="Tea Party (play)">Tea Party</a>, a play that Pinter developed from his 1963 short story, first broadcast on <a href="/wiki/BBC_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC TV">BBC TV</a> in 1965.<a href="#cite_note-Plays-97">[97]</a> Working as both a screenwriter and as a playwright, Pinter composed a script called <a href="/wiki/The_Basement_(play)#Origin:_"The_Compartment"" title="The Basement (play)">The Compartment</a> (1966), for a trilogy of films to be contributed by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ionesco" title="Eugène Ionesco">Eugène Ionesco</a>, and Pinter, of which only Beckett's film, titled <a href="/wiki/Film_(film)" title="Film (film)">Film</a>, was actually produced. Then Pinter turned his unfilmed script into a television play, which was produced as <a href="/wiki/The_Basement_(play)" title="The Basement (play)">The Basement</a>, both on <a href="/wiki/BBC_2" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC 2">BBC 2</a> and also on stage in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-BRChronology-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id=""Memory_plays"_(1968–1982)">"Memory plays" (1968–1982)</h4></div> From the late 1960s through the early 1980s, Pinter wrote a series of plays and sketches that explore complex ambiguities, elegiac mysteries, comic vagaries, and other "quicksand-like" characteristics of <a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">memory</a> and which critics sometimes classify as Pinter's "<a href="/wiki/Memory_play" title="Memory play">memory plays</a>".<a href="#cite_note-BillingtonETP-116">[116]</a> These include <a href="/wiki/Landscape_(play)" title="Landscape (play)">Landscape</a> (1968), <a href="/wiki/Silence_(1969_play)" title="Silence (1969 play)">Silence</a> (1969), <a href="/wiki/Night_(sketch)" title="Night (sketch)">Night</a> (1969), <a href="/wiki/Old_Times" title="Old Times">Old Times</a> (1971), <a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(play)" title="No Man's Land (play)">No Man's Land</a> (1975), The Proust Screenplay (1977), <a href="/wiki/Betrayal_(play)" title="Betrayal (play)">Betrayal</a> (1978), <a href="/wiki/Family_Voices" title="Family Voices">Family Voices</a> (1981), <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Station_(play)" title="Victoria Station (play)">Victoria Station</a> (1982), and <a href="/wiki/A_Kind_of_Alaska" title="A Kind of Alaska">A Kind of Alaska</a> (1982). Some of Pinter's later plays, including Party Time (1991), <a href="/wiki/Moonlight_(play)" title="Moonlight (play)">Moonlight</a> (1993), <a href="/wiki/Ashes_to_Ashes_(play)" title="Ashes to Ashes (play)">Ashes to Ashes</a> (1996), and <a href="/wiki/Celebration_(play)" title="Celebration (play)">Celebration</a> (2000), draw upon some features of his "memory" <a href="/wiki/Dramaturgy" title="Dramaturgy">dramaturgy</a> in their focus on the past in the present, but they have personal and political resonances and other tonal differences from these earlier memory plays.<a href="#cite_note-BillingtonETP-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-MemoryPlays-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Overtly_political_plays_and_sketches_(1980–2000)">Overtly political plays and sketches (1980–2000)</h4></div> Following a three-year period of creative drought in the early 1980s after his marriage to Antonia Fraser and the death of Vivien Merchant,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Pinter's plays tended to become shorter and more overtly political, serving as critiques of <a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">oppression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, and other abuses of human rights,<a href="#cite_note-MerrittPIPGrimes-119">[119]</a> linked by the apparent "invulnerability of power."<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Just before this hiatus, in 1979, Pinter re-discovered his manuscript of <a href="/wiki/The_Hothouse" title="The Hothouse">The Hothouse</a>, which he had written in 1958 but had set aside; he revised it and then directed its first production himself at <a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Theatre" title="Hampstead Theatre">Hampstead Theatre</a> in London, in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-HHNote-121">[121]</a> Like his plays of the 1980s, The Hothouse concerns authoritarianism and the abuses of power politics, but it is also a comedy, like his earlier <a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_menace" title="Comedy of menace">comedies of menace</a>. Pinter played the major role of Roote in a 1995 revival at the <a href="/wiki/Minerva_Theatre,_Chichester" title="Minerva Theatre, Chichester">Minerva Theatre, Chichester</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MerrittGrimesHH-122">[122]</a> Pinter's brief dramatic sketch Precisely (1983) is a duologue between two bureaucrats exploring the absurd power politics of mutual nuclear annihilation and <a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">deterrence</a>. His first overtly political one-act play is <a href="/wiki/One_for_the_Road_(Harold_Pinter_play)" class="mw-redirect" title="One for the Road (Harold Pinter play)">One for the Road</a> (1984). In 1985 Pinter stated that whereas his earlier plays presented metaphors for power and powerlessness, the later ones present literal realities of power and its abuse.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Pinter's "political theatre dramatizes the interplay and conflict of the opposing poles of involvement and disengagement."<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mountain_Language" title="Mountain Language">Mountain Language</a> (1988) is about the Turkish suppression of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BillingtonGussow-78">[78]</a> The dramatic sketch The New World Order (1991) provides what Robert Cushman, writing in <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> described as "10 nerve-wracking minutes" of two men threatening to torture a third man who is blindfolded, gagged and bound in a chair; Pinter directed the British première at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre" title="Royal Court Theatre">Royal Court Theatre Upstairs</a>, where it opened on 9 July 1991, and the production then transferred to Washington, D.C., where it was revived in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-NWO-125">[125]</a> Pinter's longer <a href="/wiki/Political_satire" title="Political satire">political satire</a> Party Time (1991) premièred at the <a href="/wiki/Almeida_Theatre" title="Almeida Theatre">Almeida Theatre</a> in London, in a double-bill with Mountain Language. Pinter adapted it as a screenplay for television in 1992, directing that production, first broadcast in the UK on <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> on 17 November 1992.<a href="#cite_note-PT-126">[126]</a> Intertwining political and personal concerns, his next full-length plays, <a href="/wiki/Moonlight_(play)" title="Moonlight (play)">Moonlight</a> (1993) and <a href="/wiki/Ashes_to_Ashes_(play)" title="Ashes to Ashes (play)">Ashes to Ashes</a> (1996) are set in domestic households and focus on dying and death; in their personal conversations in Ashes to Ashes, Devlin and Rebecca allude to unspecified atrocities relating to the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MerrittGrimesATA-127">[127]</a> After experiencing the deaths of first his mother (1992) and then his father (1997), again merging the personal and the political, Pinter wrote the poems "Death" (1997) and "The Disappeared" (1998). Pinter's last stage play, <a href="/wiki/Celebration_(play)" title="Celebration (play)">Celebration</a> (2000), is a social satire set in an opulent restaurant, which lampoons <a href="/wiki/The_Ivy_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Ivy (United Kingdom)">The Ivy</a>, a fashionable venue in London's West End theatre district, and its patrons who "have just come from performances of either the ballet or the opera. Not that they can remember a darn thing about what they saw, including the titles. [These] gilded, foul-mouthed souls are just as myopic when it comes to their own table mates (and for that matter, their food), with conversations that usually connect only on the surface, if there."<a href="#cite_note-BrantleyLC-128">[128]</a> On its surface the play may appear to have fewer overtly political resonances than some of the plays from the 1980s and 1990s; but its central male characters, brothers named Lambert and Matt, are members of the elite (like the men in charge in Party Time), who describe themselves as "peaceful strategy consultants [because] we don't carry guns."<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> At the next table, Russell, a banker, describes himself as a "totally disordered personality ... a psychopath",<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> while Lambert "vows to be reincarnated as '[a] more civilised, [a] gentler person, [a] nicer person'."<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> These characters' deceptively smooth exteriors mask their extreme viciousness. Celebration evokes familiar <a href="/wiki/Characteristics_of_Harold_Pinter%27s_work#Pinteresque" title="Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work">Pinteresque</a> political contexts: "The ritzy loudmouths in 'Celebration' ... and the quieter working-class mumblers of 'The Room' ... have everything in common beneath the surface".<a href="#cite_note-BrantleyLC-128">[128]</a> "Money remains in the service of entrenched power, and the brothers in the play are 'strategy consultants' whose jobs involve force and violence ... It is tempting but inaccurate to equate the comic power inversions of the social behaviour in Celebration with lasting change in larger political structures", according to Grimes, for whom the play indicates Pinter's pessimism about the possibility of changing the status quo.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Yet, as the Waiter's often comically unbelievable reminiscences about his grandfather demonstrate in Celebration, Pinter's final stage plays also extend some <a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">expressionistic</a> aspects of his earlier "memory plays", while harking back to his "comedies of menace", as illustrated in the characters and in the Waiter's final speech: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">My grandfather introduced me to the mystery of life and I'm still in the middle of it. I can't find the door to get out. My grandfather got out of it. He got right out of it. He left it behind him and he didn't look back. He got that absolutely right. And I'd like to make one further interjection. He stands still. Slow fade.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a></blockquote> During 2000–2001, there were also simultaneous productions of <a href="/wiki/Remembrance_of_Things_Past_(play)" title="Remembrance of Things Past (play)">Remembrance of Things Past</a>, Pinter's stage adaptation of his unpublished Proust Screenplay, written in collaboration with and directed by <a href="/wiki/Di_Trevis" title="Di Trevis">Di Trevis</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a>, and a revival of <a href="/wiki/The_Caretaker" title="The Caretaker">The Caretaker</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Marber" title="Patrick Marber">Patrick Marber</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Graves" title="Rupert Graves">Rupert Graves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hodge" title="Douglas Hodge">Douglas Hodge</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedy Theatre">Comedy Theatre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Plays-97">[97]</a> Like Celebration, Pinter's penultimate sketch, Press Conference (2002), "invokes both torture and the fragile, circumscribed existence of dissent".<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In its première in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">National Theatre</a>'s two-part production of Sketches, despite undergoing chemotherapy at the time, Pinter played the ruthless Minister willing to murder little children for the benefit of "The State".<a href="#cite_note-Sketches-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_screenwriter">As screenwriter</h3></div> Pinter composed 27 screenplays and film scripts for cinema and television, many of which were filmed, or adapted as stage plays.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> His fame as a screenwriter began with his three screenplays written for films directed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Joseph Losey</a>, leading to their close friendship: <a href="/wiki/The_Servant_(1963_film)" title="The Servant (1963 film)">The Servant</a> (1963), based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Robin_Maugham" title="Robin Maugham">Robin Maugham</a>; <a href="/wiki/Accident_(1967_film)" title="Accident (1967 film)">Accident</a> (1967), adapted from the novel by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mosley" title="Nicholas Mosley">Nicholas Mosley</a>; and <a href="/wiki/The_Go-Between_(1971_film)" title="The Go-Between (1971 film)">The Go-Between</a> (1971), based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/L._P._Hartley" title="L. P. Hartley">L. P. Hartley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> Films based on Pinter's adaptations of his own stage plays are: <a href="/wiki/The_Caretaker#Film_adaptation" title="The Caretaker">The Caretaker</a> (1963), directed by <a href="/wiki/Clive_Donner" title="Clive Donner">Clive Donner</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(1968_film)" title="The Birthday Party (1968 film)">The Birthday Party</a> (1968), directed by <a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Homecoming_(film)" title="The Homecoming (film)">The Homecoming</a> (1973), directed by Peter Hall; and <a href="/wiki/Betrayal_(1983_film)" title="Betrayal (1983 film)">Betrayal</a> (1983), directed by <a href="/wiki/David_Jones_(director)" title="David Jones (director)">David Jones</a>. Pinter also adapted other writers' novels to screenplays, including <a href="/wiki/The_Pumpkin_Eater" title="The Pumpkin Eater">The Pumpkin Eater</a> (1964), based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Mortimer" title="Penelope Mortimer">Penelope Mortimer</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Clayton" title="Jack Clayton">Jack Clayton</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Quiller_Memorandum" title="The Quiller Memorandum">The Quiller Memorandum</a> (1966), from the 1965 spy novel The Berlin Memorandum, by <a href="/wiki/Elleston_Trevor" title="Elleston Trevor">Elleston Trevor</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Anderson_(director)" title="Michael Anderson (director)">Michael Anderson</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Tycoon_(1976_film)" title="The Last Tycoon (1976 film)">The Last Tycoon</a> (1976), from the unfinished novel by <a href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_French_Lieutenant%27s_Woman_(film)" title="The French Lieutenant's Woman (film)">The French Lieutenant's Woman</a> (1981), from the novel by <a href="/wiki/John_Fowles" title="John Fowles">John Fowles</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Karel_Reisz" title="Karel Reisz">Karel Reisz</a>; <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Diary" title="Turtle Diary">Turtle Diary</a> (1985), based on the novel by <a href="/wiki/Russell_Hoban" title="Russell Hoban">Russell Hoban</a>; The Heat of the Day (1988), a television film, from the 1949 novel by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bowen" title="Elizabeth Bowen">Elizabeth Bowen</a>; <a href="/wiki/The_Comfort_of_Strangers_(film)" title="The Comfort of Strangers (film)">The Comfort of Strangers</a> (1990), from the novel by <a href="/wiki/Ian_McEwan" title="Ian McEwan">Ian McEwan</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a>; and <a href="/wiki/The_Trial_(1993_film)" title="The Trial (1993 film)">The Trial</a> (1993), from the novel by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Kafka" title="Franz Kafka">Franz Kafka</a>, directed by David Jones.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> His commissioned screenplays of others' works for the films <a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale_(film)" title="The Handmaid's Tale (film)">The Handmaid's Tale</a> (1990), <a href="/wiki/The_Remains_of_the_Day_(film)" title="The Remains of the Day (film)">The Remains of the Day</a> (1990), and <a href="/wiki/Lolita_(1997_film)" title="Lolita (1997 film)">Lolita</a> (1997), remain unpublished and in the case of the latter two films, uncredited, though several scenes from or aspects of his scripts were used in these finished films.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> His screenplays <a href="/wiki/Remembrance_of_Things_Past_(play)" title="Remembrance of Things Past (play)">The Proust Screenplay</a> (1972), Victory (1982), and <a href="/wiki/The_Dreaming_Child_(screenplay_by_Harold_Pinter)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dreaming Child (screenplay by Harold Pinter)">The Dreaming Child</a> (1997) and his unpublished screenplay <a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_King_Lear_(screenplay_by_Harold_Pinter)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tragedy of King Lear (screenplay by Harold Pinter)">The Tragedy of King Lear</a> (2000) have not been filmed.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> A section of Pinter's Proust Screenplay was, however, released as the 1984 film <a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Lost_Time#Adaptations" title="In Search of Lost Time">Swann in Love</a> (Un amour de Swann), directed by <a href="/wiki/Volker_Schl%C3%B6ndorff" title="Volker Schlöndorff">Volker Schlöndorff</a>, and it was also adapted by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bakewell" title="Michael Bakewell">Michael Bakewell</a> as a two-hour radio drama broadcast on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a> in 1995,<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> before Pinter and director Di Trevis collaborated to adapt it for the 2000 National Theatre production.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Pinter's last filmed screenplay was an adaptation of the 1970 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a>-winning play <a href="/wiki/Sleuth_(play)" title="Sleuth (play)">Sleuth</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shaffer_(writer)" title="Anthony Shaffer (writer)">Anthony Shaffer</a>, which was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Jude_Law" title="Jude Law">Jude Law</a>, one of the film's producers.<a href="#cite_note-Lyall-24">[24]</a> It is the basis for the 2007 film <a href="/wiki/Sleuth_(2007_film)" title="Sleuth (2007 film)">Sleuth</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lyall-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levy1-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levy2-145">[145]</a> Pinter's screenplays for <a href="/wiki/The_French_Lieutenant%27s_Woman_(film)" title="The French Lieutenant's Woman (film)">The French Lieutenant's Woman</a> and Betrayal were nominated for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a> in 1981 and 1983, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001–2008">2001–2008</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Pinter.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Harold_Pinter.JPG/220px-Harold_Pinter.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Harold_Pinter.JPG/330px-Harold_Pinter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Harold_Pinter.JPG/440px-Harold_Pinter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2090" data-file-height="2676" /></a><figcaption> Study of Pinter by <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Gray_(artist)" title="Reginald Gray (artist)">Reginald Gray</a>, 2007. (<a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a>, 12 January 2009)</figcaption></figure> From 16 to 31 July 2001, a Harold Pinter Festival celebrating his work, curated by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Colgan_(theatre_director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Colgan (theatre director)">Michael Colgan</a>, artistic director of the <a href="/wiki/Gate_Theatre" title="Gate Theatre">Gate Theatre</a>, Dublin, was held as part of the annual Lincoln Center Festival at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts">Lincoln Center</a> in New York City. Pinter participated both as an actor, as Nicolas in One for the Road, and as a director of a double bill pairing his last play, Celebration, with his first play, The Room.<a href="#cite_note-reports-147">[147]</a> As part of a two-week "Harold Pinter Homage" at the World Leaders Festival of Creative Genius, held from 24 September to 30 October 2001, at the Harbourfront Centre, in Toronto, Canada, Pinter presented a dramatic reading of Celebration (2000) and also participated in a public interview as part of the <a href="/wiki/Culture_in_Toronto#Literature" title="Culture in Toronto">International Festival of Authors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IFOA-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-IFOA2-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> In December 2001, Pinter was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Oesophageal_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oesophageal cancer">oesophageal cancer</a>, for which, in 2002, he underwent an operation and <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BillingtonKoval-151">[151]</a> During the course of his treatment, he directed a production of his play No Man's Land, and wrote and performed in a new sketch, "Press Conference", for a production of his dramatic sketches at the National Theatre, and from 2002 on he was increasingly active in political causes, writing and presenting politically charged poetry, essays, speeches, as well as involved in developing his final two screenplay adaptations, The Tragedy of King Lear and Sleuth, whose drafts are in the British Library's <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter_Archive" title="Harold Pinter Archive">Harold Pinter Archive</a> (Add MS 88880/2).<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> From 9 to 25 January 2003, the Manitoba Theatre Centre, in <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, Canada, held a nearly month-long PinterFest, in which over 130 performances of twelve of Pinter's plays were performed by a dozen different theatre companies.<a href="#cite_note-PinterFest-153">[153]</a> Productions during the Festival included: The Hothouse, Night School, The Lover, The Dumb Waiter, The Homecoming, The Birthday Party, Monologue, One for the Road, The Caretaker, Ashes to Ashes, Celebration, and No Man's Land.<a href="#cite_note-MerrittPinterFest-154">[154]</a> In 2005, Pinter stated that he had stopped writing plays and that he would be devoting his efforts more to his political activism and writing poetry: "I think I've written 29 plays. I think it's enough for me ... My energies are going in different directions—over the last few years I've made a number of political speeches at various locations and ceremonies ... I'm using a lot of energy more specifically about political states of affairs, which I think are very, very worrying as things stand."<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-Robinson-156">[156]</a> Some of this later poetry included "The 'Special Relationship'", "Laughter", and "The Watcher". From 2005, Pinter experienced ill health, including a rare skin disease called <a href="/wiki/Pemphigus" title="Pemphigus">pemphigus</a><a href="#cite_note-Billingtonwritten-157">[157]</a> and "a form of <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">septicaemia</a> that afflict[ed] his feet and made it difficult for him to walk."<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> Yet, he completed his screenplay for the film of Sleuth in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-Lyall-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> His last dramatic work for radio, Voices (2005), a collaboration with composer <a href="/wiki/James_Clarke_(composer)" title="James Clarke (composer)">James Clarke</a>, adapting selected works by Pinter to music, premièred on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a> on his 75th birthday on 10 October 2005.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Three days later, it was announced that he had won the 2005 Nobel Prize in Literature.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In an interview with Pinter in 2006, conducted by critic Michael Billington as part of the cultural programme of the <a href="/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics" title="2006 Winter Olympics">2006 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy, Pinter confirmed that he would continue to write poetry but not plays.<a href="#cite_note-Billingtonwritten-157">[157]</a> In response, the audience shouted No in unison, urging him to keep writing.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Along with the international symposium on Pinter: Passion, Poetry, Politics, curated by Billington, the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Europe_Theatre_Prize" title="Europe Theatre Prize">Europe Theatre Prize</a> theatrical events celebrating Pinter included new productions (in French) of Precisely (1983), One for the Road (1984), Mountain Language (1988), The New World Order (1991), Party Time (1991), and Press Conference (2002) (French versions by Jean Pavans); and Pinter Plays, Poetry & Prose, an evening of dramatic readings, directed by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Stanford" title="Alan Stanford">Alan Stanford</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Gate_Theatre" title="Gate Theatre">Gate Theatre</a>, Dublin.<a href="#cite_note-ETPEvent-163">[163]</a> In June 2006, the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a> (BAFTA) hosted a celebration of Pinter's films curated by his friend, the playwright <a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(playwright)" title="David Hare (playwright)">David Hare</a>. Hare introduced the selection of film clips by saying: "To jump back into the world of Pinter's movies ... is to remind yourself of a literate mainstream cinema, focused as much as <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Bergman</a>'s is on the human face, in which tension is maintained by a carefully crafted mix of image and dialogue."<a href="#cite_note-bill429-164">[164]</a> After returning to London from the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Book_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Book Festival">Edinburgh International Book Festival</a>, in September 2006, Pinter began rehearsing for his performance of the role of <a href="/wiki/Krapp%27s_Last_Tape#Characters" title="Krapp's Last Tape">Krapp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>'s one-act <a href="/wiki/Monologue" title="Monologue">monologue</a> <a href="/wiki/Krapp%27s_Last_Tape" title="Krapp's Last Tape">Krapp's Last Tape</a>, which he performed from a motorised wheelchair in a limited run the following month at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre" title="Royal Court Theatre">Royal Court Theatre</a> to sold-out audiences and "ecstatic" critical reviews.<a href="#cite_note-KLTrev-165">[165]</a> The production ran for only nine performances, as part of the 50th-anniversary celebration season of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre" title="Royal Court Theatre">Royal Court Theatre</a>; it sold out within minutes of the opening of the box office and tickets commanded large sums from <a href="/wiki/Ticket_resale" title="Ticket resale">ticket resellers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> One performance was filmed and broadcast on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a> on 21 June 2007, and also screened later, as part of the memorial PEN Tribute to Pinter, in New York, on 2 May 2009.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> In October and November 2006, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Theatres" title="Sheffield Theatres">Sheffield Theatres</a> hosted <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Theatres#Pinter:_A_Celebration" title="Sheffield Theatres">Pinter: A Celebration</a>. It featured productions of seven of Pinter's plays: The Caretaker, Voices, No Man's Land, Family Voices, Tea Party, The Room, One for the Road, and The Dumb Waiter; and films (most his screenplays; some in which Pinter appears as an actor).<a href="#cite_note-SheffieldNews-168">[168]</a> In February and March 2007, a 50th anniversary of The Dumb Waiter, was produced at the <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Trafalgar Studios">Trafalgar Studios</a>. Later in February 2007, <a href="/wiki/John_Crowley_(director)" title="John Crowley (director)">John Crowley</a>'s film version of Pinter's play Celebration (2000) was shown on <a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>, UK). On 18 March 2007, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a> broadcast a new radio production of The Homecoming, directed by <a href="/wiki/Thea_Sharrock" title="Thea Sharrock">Thea Sharrock</a> and produced by Martin J. Smith, with Pinter performing the role of Max (for the first time; he had previously played Lenny on stage in 1964). A revival of The Hothouse opened at the National Theatre, in London, in July 2007, concurrently with a revival of Betrayal at the <a href="/wiki/Donmar_Warehouse" title="Donmar Warehouse">Donmar Warehouse</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Michell" title="Roger Michell">Roger Michell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:No_Mans_Land_Harold_Pinter_Duke_of_Yorks_Theatre_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/No_Mans_Land_Harold_Pinter_Duke_of_Yorks_Theatre_London.jpg/220px-No_Mans_Land_Harold_Pinter_Duke_of_Yorks_Theatre_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/No_Mans_Land_Harold_Pinter_Duke_of_Yorks_Theatre_London.jpg/330px-No_Mans_Land_Harold_Pinter_Duke_of_Yorks_Theatre_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/No_Mans_Land_Harold_Pinter_Duke_of_Yorks_Theatre_London.jpg/440px-No_Mans_Land_Harold_Pinter_Duke_of_Yorks_Theatre_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(play)" title="No Man's Land (play)">No Man's Land</a> revival at <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York%27s_Theatre" title="Duke of York's Theatre">Duke of York's Theatre</a>, 30 December 2008</figcaption></figure> Revivals in 2008 included the 40th-anniversary production of the American première of The Homecoming on Broadway, directed by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Sullivan" title="Daniel J. Sullivan">Daniel J. Sullivan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Upcomingevents-170">[170]</a> From 8 to 24 May 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Lyric_Hammersmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyric Hammersmith">Lyric Hammersmith</a> celebrated the 50th anniversary of The Birthday Party with a revival and related events, including a gala performance and reception hosted by Harold Pinter on 19 May 2008, exactly 50 years after its London première there. The final revival during Pinter's lifetime was a production of No Man's Land, directed by <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Goold" title="Rupert Goold">Rupert Goold</a>, opening at the Gate Theatre, Dublin, in August 2008, and then transferring to the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York%27s_Theatre" title="Duke of York's Theatre">Duke of York's Theatre</a>, London, where it played until 3 January 2009.<a href="#cite_note-BWW-171">[171]</a> On the Monday before Christmas 2008, Pinter was admitted to <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Hospital" title="Hammersmith Hospital">Hammersmith Hospital</a>, where he died on Christmas Eve from liver cancer, aged 78.<a href="#cite_note-Goodnight-172">[172]</a> On 26 December 2008, when No Man's Land reopened at the Duke of York's, the actors paid tribute to Pinter from the stage, with Michael Gambon reading Hirst's monologue about his "photograph album" from Act Two that Pinter had asked him to read at his funeral, ending with a standing ovation from the audience, many of whom were in tears: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I might even show you my photograph album. You might even see a face in it which might remind you of your own, of what you once were. You might see faces of others, in shadow, or cheeks of others, turning, or jaws, or backs of necks, or eyes, dark under hats, which might remind you of others, whom once you knew, whom you thought long dead, but from whom you will still receive a sidelong glance if you can face the good ghost. Allow the love of the good ghost. They possess all that emotion ... trapped. Bow to it. It will assuredly never release them, but who knows ... what relief ... it may give them ... who knows how they may quicken ... in their chains, in their glass jars. You think it cruel ... to quicken them, when they are fixed, imprisoned? No ... no. Deeply, deeply, they wish to respond to your touch, to your look, and when you smile, their joy ... is unbounded. And so I say to you, tender the dead, as you would yourself be tendered, now, in what you would describe as your life.<a href="#cite_note-Goodnight-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tribute-174">[174]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posthumous_events">Posthumous events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funeral">Funeral</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grave_of_Harold_Pinter_in_Kensal_Green_Cemetery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grave_of_Harold_Pinter_in_Kensal_Green_Cemetery.jpg/170px-Grave_of_Harold_Pinter_in_Kensal_Green_Cemetery.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grave_of_Harold_Pinter_in_Kensal_Green_Cemetery.jpg/255px-Grave_of_Harold_Pinter_in_Kensal_Green_Cemetery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grave_of_Harold_Pinter_in_Kensal_Green_Cemetery.jpg/340px-Grave_of_Harold_Pinter_in_Kensal_Green_Cemetery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1857" data-file-height="2621" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Harold Pinter in <a href="/wiki/Kensal_Green_Cemetery" title="Kensal Green Cemetery">Kensal Green Cemetery</a></figcaption></figure> Pinter's funeral was a private, half-hour secular ceremony conducted at the graveside at <a href="/wiki/Kensal_Green_Cemetery" title="Kensal Green Cemetery">Kensal Green Cemetery</a>, 31 December 2008. The eight readings selected in advance by Pinter included passages from seven of his own writings and from the story "<a href="/wiki/The_Dead_(Joyce_short_story)" title="The Dead (Joyce short story)">The Dead</a>", by <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>, which was read by actress <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Wilton" title="Penelope Wilton">Penelope Wilton</a>. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gambon" title="Michael Gambon">Michael Gambon</a> read the "photo album" speech from No Man's Land and three other readings, including Pinter's poem "Death" (1997). Other readings honoured Pinter's widow and his love of cricket.<a href="#cite_note-Goodnight-172">[172]</a> The ceremony was attended by many notable theatre people, including <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a>, but not by Pinter's son, Daniel Brand. At its end, Pinter's widow, Antonia Fraser, stepped forward to his grave and quoted from <a href="/wiki/Horatio_(character)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio (character)">Horatio</a>'s speech after the death of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Hamlet" title="Prince Hamlet">Hamlet</a>: "Goodnight, sweet prince, / And flights of angels sing thee to thy rest."<a href="#cite_note-Goodnight-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memorial_tributes">Memorial tributes</h3></div> The night before Pinter's burial, theatre marquees on Broadway dimmed their lights for a minute in tribute,<a href="#cite_note-Friends-175">[175]</a> and on the final night of No Man's Land at the Duke of York's Theatre on 3 January 2009, all of the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Theatre_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassador Theatre Group">Ambassador Theatre Group</a> in the West End dimmed their lights for an hour to honour the playwright.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diane_Abbott" title="Diane Abbott">Diane Abbott</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament (UK)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hackney_North_and_Stoke_Newington_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hackney North and Stoke Newington (UK Parliament constituency)">Hackney North & Stoke Newington</a> proposed an <a href="/wiki/Early_day_motion" title="Early day motion">early day motion</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> to support a residents' campaign to restore the Clapton Cinematograph Theatre, established in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Clapton" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Clapton">Lower Clapton Road</a> in 1910, and to turn it into a memorial to Pinter "to honour this Hackney boy turned literary great."<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> On 2 May 2009, a free public memorial tribute was held at <a href="/wiki/CUNY_Graduate_Center" title="CUNY Graduate Center">The Graduate Center</a> of The <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>. It was part of the 5th Annual <a href="/wiki/PEN_World_Voices" title="PEN World Voices">PEN World Voices Festival</a> of International Literature, taking place in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Another memorial celebration, held in the Olivier Theatre, at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Theatre" title="Royal National Theatre">Royal National Theatre</a>, in London, on the evening of 7 June 2009, consisted of excerpts and readings from Pinter's writings by nearly three dozen actors, many of whom were his friends and associates, including: <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Atkins" title="Eileen Atkins">Eileen Atkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Bradley_(English_actor)" title="David Bradley (English actor)">David Bradley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Firth" title="Colin Firth">Colin Firth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Goodman" title="Henry Goodman">Henry Goodman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheila_Hancock" title="Sheila Hancock">Sheila Hancock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Rickman" title="Alan Rickman">Alan Rickman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Wilton" title="Penelope Wilton">Penelope Wilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Wooldridge" title="Susan Wooldridge">Susan Wooldridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Woolf" title="Henry Woolf">Henry Woolf</a>; and a troupe of students from the <a href="/wiki/London_Academy_of_Music_and_Dramatic_Art" title="London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art">London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art</a>, directed by Ian Rickson.<a href="#cite_note-A_Celebration-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coveney-180">[180]</a> On 16 June 2009, Antonia Fraser officially opened a commemorative room at the <a href="/wiki/Hackney_Empire" title="Hackney Empire">Hackney Empire</a>. The theatre also established a writer's residency in Pinter's name.<a href="#cite_note-Jury-181">[181]</a> Most of issue number 28 of <a href="/wiki/Craig_Raine" title="Craig Raine">Craig Raine</a>'s Arts Tri-Quarterly <a href="/wiki/Aret%C3%A9" title="Areté">Areté</a> was devoted to pieces remembering Pinter, beginning with Pinter's 1987 unpublished love poem dedicated "To Antonia" and his poem "Paris", written in 1975 (the year in which he and Fraser began living together), followed by brief memoirs by some of Pinter's associates and friends, including <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Marber" title="Patrick Marber">Patrick Marber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nina_Raine" title="Nina Raine">Nina Raine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Nichols_(playwright)" title="Peter Nichols (playwright)">Peter Nichols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susanna_Gross" title="Susanna Gross">Susanna Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Eyre" title="Richard Eyre">Richard Eyre</a>, and David Hare.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> A memorial cricket match at <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Cricket_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord's Cricket Ground">Lord's Cricket Ground</a> between the Gaieties Cricket Club and the Lord's Taverners, followed by performances of Pinter's poems and excerpts from his plays, took place on 27 September 2009.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> In 2009, <a href="/wiki/English_PEN" title="English PEN">English PEN</a> established the <a href="/wiki/PEN/Pinter_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="PEN/Pinter Prize">PEN Pinter Prize</a>, which is awarded annually to a British writer or a writer resident in Britain who, in the words of Pinter's Nobel speech, casts an 'unflinching, unswerving' gaze upon the world, and shows a 'fierce intellectual determination ... to define the real truth of our lives and our societies'. The prize is shared with an international writer of courage. The inaugural winners of the prize were <a href="/wiki/Tony_Harrison" title="Tony Harrison">Tony Harrison</a> and the Burmese poet and comedian <a href="/wiki/Zarganar" title="Zarganar">Maung Thura (a.k.a. Zarganar)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Being_Harold_Pinter">Being Harold Pinter</h3></div> In January 2011 Being Harold Pinter, a theatrical collage of excerpts from Pinter's dramatic works, his Nobel Lecture, and letters of Belarusian prisoners, created and performed by the <a href="/wiki/Belarus_Free_Theatre" title="Belarus Free Theatre">Belarus Free Theatre</a>, evoked a great deal of attention in the <a href="/wiki/Public_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Public media">public media</a>. The Free Theatre's members had to be smuggled out of <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, owing to a government crackdown on dissident artists, to perform their production in a two-week sold-out engagement at <a href="/wiki/La_MaMa" class="mw-redirect" title="La MaMa">La MaMa</a> in New York as part of the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Under_the_Radar_Festival" title="Under the Radar Festival">Under the Radar Festival</a>. In an additional sold-out benefit performance at the <a href="/wiki/Public_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Theater">Public Theater</a>, co-hosted by playwrights <a href="/wiki/Tony_Kushner" title="Tony Kushner">Tony Kushner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a>, the prisoner's letters were read by ten guest performers: <a href="/wiki/Mandy_Patinkin" title="Mandy Patinkin">Mandy Patinkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Kline" title="Kevin Kline">Kevin Kline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympia_Dukakis" title="Olympia Dukakis">Olympia Dukakis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lily_Rabe" title="Lily Rabe">Lily Rabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_Emond" title="Linda Emond">Linda Emond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josh_Hamilton_(actor)" title="Josh Hamilton (actor)">Josh Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Spinella" title="Stephen Spinella">Stephen Spinella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Seymour_Hoffman" title="Philip Seymour Hoffman">Philip Seymour Hoffman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BFT-185">[185]</a> In solidarity with the Belarus Free Theatre, collaborations of actors and theatre companies joined in offering additional benefit readings of Being Harold Pinter across the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Gunderson-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Harold_Pinter_Theatre,_London">The Harold Pinter Theatre, London</h3></div> In September 2011, British Theatre owners, <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Theatre_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassador Theatre Group">Ambassador Theatre Group</a> (ATG) announced it was renaming its Comedy Theatre, Panton Street, London to become The <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter_Theatre" title="Harold Pinter Theatre">Harold Pinter Theatre</a>. <a href="/wiki/Howard_Panter" title="Howard Panter">Howard Panter</a>, Joint CEO and Creative Director of ATG told the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, "The work of Pinter has become an integral part of the history of the Comedy Theatre. The re-naming of one of our most successful West End theatres is a fitting tribute to a man who made such a mark on British theatre who, over his 50 year career, became recognised as one of the most influential modern British dramatists."<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Honours_and_awards_to_Harold_Pinter" class="mw-redirect" title="Honours and awards to Harold Pinter">Honours and awards to Harold Pinter</a></div> An Honorary Associate of the <a href="/wiki/National_Secular_Society" title="National Secular Society">National Secular Society</a>, a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Literature" title="Royal Society of Literature">Royal Society of Literature</a>, and an Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Association" title="Modern Language Association">Modern Language Association of America</a> (1970),<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Pinter was appointed <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">CBE</a> in 1966<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> and became a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour</a> in 2002, having declined a knighthood in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-White-191">[191]</a> In 1995, he accepted the <a href="/wiki/David_Cohen_Prize" title="David Cohen Prize">David Cohen Prize</a>, in recognition of a lifetime of literary achievement. In 1996, he received a <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Awards" title="Laurence Olivier Awards">Laurence Olivier Special Award</a> for lifetime achievement in the theatre.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> In 1997 he became a <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">BAFTA</a> Fellow.<a href="#cite_note-BAFTAawards-193">[193]</a> He received the World Leaders Award for "Creative Genius" as the subject of a week-long "Homage" in Toronto, in October 2001.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> In 2004, he received the <a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Owen" title="Wilfred Owen">Wilfred Owen</a> Award for Poetry for his "lifelong contribution to literature, 'and specifically for his collection of poetry entitled War, published in 2003'".<a href="#cite_note-GuardianWOAPA-195">[195]</a> In March 2006, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Europe_Theatre_Prize" title="Europe Theatre Prize">Europe Theatre Prize</a> in recognition of lifetime achievements pertaining to drama and theatre.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> In conjunction with that award, the critic Michael Billington coordinated an international conference on Pinter: Passion, Poetry, Politics, including scholars and critics from Europe and the Americas, held in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy, from 10 to 14 March 2006.<a href="#cite_note-BillingtonETP-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-ETPEvent-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> In October 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Central School of Speech and Drama">Central School of Speech and Drama</a> announced that Pinter had agreed to become its president and awarded him an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_title_(academic)" title="Honorary title (academic)">honorary fellowship</a> at its graduation ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-Central2008-198">[198]</a> On his appointment, Pinter commented: "I was a student at Central in 1950–51. I enjoyed my time there very much and I am delighted to become president of a remarkable institution."<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> But he had to receive that honorary degree, his 20th, in absentia owing to ill health.<a href="#cite_note-Central2008-198">[198]</a> His presidency of the school was brief; he died just two weeks after the graduation ceremony, on 24 December 2008. In 2013, he was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Sretenje_Order" title="Sretenje Order">Sretenje Order</a> of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_Prize_in_Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">2005 Nobel Prize in Literature</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Légion_d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</h3></div> On 18 January 2007, French Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">Dominique de Villepin</a> presented Pinter with France's highest civil honour, the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a>, at a ceremony at the French embassy in London. De Villepin praised Pinter's poem "American Football" (1991) stating: "With its violence and its cruelty, it is for me one of the most accurate images of war, one of the most telling metaphors of the temptation of imperialism and violence." In response, Pinter praised France's opposition to the war in Iraq. M. de Villepin concluded: "The poet stands still and observes what doesn't deserve other men's attention. Poetry teaches us how to live and you, Harold Pinter, teach us how to live." He said that Pinter received the award particularly "because in seeking to capture all the facets of the human spirit, [Pinter's] works respond to the aspirations of the French public, and its taste for an understanding of man and of what is truly universal".<a href="#cite_note-FE-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Lawrence Pollard observed that "the award for the great playwright underlines how much Mr Pinter is admired in countries like France as a model of the uncompromising radical intellectual".<a href="#cite_note-FE-202">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarly_response">Scholarly response</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter_and_academia" title="Harold Pinter and academia">Harold Pinter and academia</a></div> Some scholars and critics challenge the validity of Pinter's critiques of what he terms "the modes of thinking of those in power"<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> or dissent from his retrospective viewpoints on his own work.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> In 1985, Pinter recalled that his early act of conscientious objection resulted from being "terribly disturbed as a young man by the Cold War. And McCarthyism ... A profound hypocrisy. 'They' the monsters, 'we' the good. In 1948, the Russian suppression of Eastern Europe was an obvious and brutal fact, but I felt very strongly then and feel as strongly now that we have an obligation to subject our own actions and attitudes to an equivalent critical and moral scrutiny."<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> Scholars agree that Pinter's dramatic rendering of power relations results from this scrutiny.<a href="#cite_note-BattyGrimes2-207">[207]</a> Pinter's aversion to any censorship by "the authorities" is epitomised in Petey's line at the end of The Birthday Party. As the broken-down and reconstituted Stanley is being carted off by the figures of authority Goldberg and McCann, Petey calls after him, "Stan, don't let them tell you what to do!" Pinter told Gussow in 1988, "I've lived that line all my damn life. Never more than now."<a href="#cite_note-GussowConv-208">[208]</a> The example of Pinter's stalwart opposition to what he termed "the modes of thinking of those in power"—the "brick wall" of the "minds" perpetuating the "status quo"<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a>—infused the "vast political pessimism" that some academic critics may perceive in his artistic work,<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> its "drowning landscape" of harsh contemporary realities, with some residual "hope for restoring the dignity of man."<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> As Pinter's long-time friend David Jones reminded analytically inclined scholars and dramatic critics, Pinter was one of the "great comic writers":<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The trap with Harold's work, for performers and audiences, is to approach it too earnestly or portentously. I have always tried to interpret his plays with as much humour and humanity as possible. There is always mischief lurking in the darkest corners. The world of The Caretaker is a bleak one, its characters damaged and lonely. But they are all going to survive. And in their dance to that end they show a frenetic vitality and a wry sense of the ridiculous that balance heartache and laughter. Funny, but not too funny. As Pinter wrote, back in 1960: "As far as I am concerned The Caretaker IS funny, up to a point. Beyond that point, it ceases to be funny, and it is because of that point that I wrote it."<a href="#cite_note-JonesWoolf-213">[213]</a></blockquote> His dramatic conflicts present serious implications for his characters and his audiences, leading to sustained inquiry about "the point" of his work and multiple "critical strategies" for developing interpretations and stylistic analyses of it.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pinter_research_collections">Pinter research collections</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter_Archive" title="Harold Pinter Archive">Harold Pinter Archive</a></div> Pinter's unpublished manuscripts and letters to and from him are held in the Harold Pinter Archive in the Modern Literary Manuscripts division of the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>. Smaller collections of Pinter manuscripts are in the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Humanities_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center">Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>;<a href="#cite_note-RansomColl-15">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_(Bloomington)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana University (Bloomington)">The Lilly Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_(Bloomington)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana University (Bloomington)">Indiana University at Bloomington</a>; the Mandeville Special Collections Library, Geisel Library, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>; the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>, in London; and the Margaret Herrick Library, <a href="/wiki/Pickford_Center_for_Motion_Picture_Study" title="Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study">Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills,_California" title="Beverly Hills, California">Beverly Hills, California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_works_and_bibliography">List of works and bibliography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Harold_Pinter" title="List of works by Harold Pinter">List of works by Harold Pinter</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter_bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Pinter bibliography">Harold Pinter bibliography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Jewish_Voices" title="Independent Jewish Voices">Independent Jewish Voices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_PEN" class="mw-redirect" title="International PEN">International PEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEN_Pinter_Prize" title="PEN Pinter Prize">PEN Pinter Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Jewish Nobel laureates">List of Jewish Nobel laureates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00gy71c">"Michael Caine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Front_Row_(radio_programme)" title="Front Row (radio programme)">Front Row Interviews</a>. 26 December 2008. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>. Retrieved 18 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Front+Row+Interviews&rft.date=2008-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb00gy71c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GussowConv103-2"><a href="#cite_ref-GussowConv103_2-0">^</a> Harold Pinter, as quoted in Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 103. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinter" class="citation web cs1">Pinter, Harold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uthrc/00108/hrc-00108.html">"Harold Pinter: An Inventory of His Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center"</a>. legacy.lib.utexas.edu. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legacy.lib.utexas.edu&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter%3A+An+Inventory+of+His+Collection+at+the+Harry+Ransom+Humanities+Research+Center&rft.aulast=Pinter&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegacy.lib.utexas.edu%2Ftaro%2Futhrc%2F00108%2Fhrc-00108.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billington1-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Billington1_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billington1_4-1">b</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 1–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-JewishBackground-5"><a href="#cite_ref-JewishBackground_5-0">^</a> For some accounts of the significance of Pinter's Jewish background, see Billington, Harold Pinter 2, 40–41, 53–54, 79–81, 163–64, 177, 286, 390, 429. </li> <li id="cite_note-Woolf1-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woolf1_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolf1_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woolf1_6-2">c</a> <a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">Cf.</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoolf2007" class="citation news cs1">Woolf, Henry (12 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5zu6rYC0X?url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2007/jul/12/theatre.haroldpinter">"My 60 Years in Harold's Gang"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">GMG</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60623878">60623878</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2007/jul/12/theatre.haroldpinter">the original</a> on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=My+60+Years+in+Harold%27s+Gang&rft.date=2007-07-12&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60623878&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Woolf&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fstage%2F2007%2Fjul%2F12%2Ftheatre.haroldpinter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988">; Woolf, as quoted in Merritt, "Talking about Pinter" 144–45; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson2009" class="citation news cs1">Jacobson, Howard (10 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5zu70UVpG?url=http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/howard-jacobson/howard-jacobson-harold-pinter-didnt-get-my-joke-and-i-didnt-get-him-ndash-until-it-was-too-late-1297593.html">"Harold Pinter didn't get my joke, and I didn't get him – until it was too late"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Independent_News_%26_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent News & Media">INM</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0951-9467">0951-9467</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/185201487">185201487</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/howard-jacobson/howard-jacobson-harold-pinter-didnt-get-my-joke-and-i-didnt-get-him-ndash-until-it-was-too-late-1297593.html">the original</a> on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter+didn%27t+get+my+joke%2C+and+I+didn%27t+get+him+%E2%80%93+until+it+was+too+late&rft.date=2009-01-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F185201487&rft.issn=0951-9467&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fopinion%2Fcommentators%2Fhoward-jacobson%2Fhoward-jacobson-harold-pinter-didnt-get-my-joke-and-i-didnt-get-him-ndash-until-it-was-too-late-1297593.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billington,_Harold_Pinter_2-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Billington,_Harold_Pinter_2_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billington,_Harold_Pinter_2_7-1">b</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 5–10. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> A collection of Pinter's correspondence with Brearley is held in the <a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter_Archive" title="Harold Pinter Archive">Harold Pinter Archive</a> in the British Library. Pinter's memorial epistolary poem "Joseph Brearley 1909–1977 (Teacher of English)", published in his collection Various Voices (177), ends with the following stanza: "You're gone. I'm at your side,/Walking with you from <a href="/wiki/Clapton_Pond" title="Clapton Pond">Clapton Pond</a> to <a href="/wiki/Finsbury_Park" title="Finsbury Park">Finsbury Park</a>,/And on, and on." </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 10–11. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> See also "Introduction by Harold Pinter, Nobel Laureate", 7–9 in Watkins, ed., 'Fortune's Fool': The Man Who Taught Harold Pinter: A Life of Joe Brearley. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 13–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Baker and Ross 127. </li> <li id="cite_note-RansomColl-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RansomColl_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RansomColl_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2011" class="citation web cs1">Staff (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604035449/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uthrc/00108/hrc-00108.html">"Harold Pinter: An Inventory of His Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Humanities_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center">Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uthrc/00108/hrc-00108.html">the original</a> on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harry+Ransom+Humanities+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter%3A+An+Inventory+of+His+Collection+at+the+Harry+Ransom+Humanities+Research+Center&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.utexas.edu%2Ftaro%2Futhrc%2F00108%2Fhrc-00108.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 29–35. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> "The Meeting is a about the afterlife, despite Pinter being well known as an atheist. He admitted it was a "strange" piece for him to have written." Pinter 'on road to recovery', BBC.co.uk, 26 August 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 28–29. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bakerchap1-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Bakerchap1_19-0">^</a> Baker, "Growing Up", chap. 1 of Harold Pinter 2–23. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 7–9 and 410. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaieties-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Gaieties_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatty,_Mark" class="citation web cs1">Batty, Mark (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613203308/http://www.haroldpinter.org/cricket/index.shtml">"Cricket"</a>. haroldpinter.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haroldpinter.org/cricket/index.shtml">the original</a> on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haroldpinter.org&rft.atitle=Cricket&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haroldpinter.org%2Fcricket%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lyall-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lyall_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lyall_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lyall_24-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lyall_24-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lyall_24-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lyall_24-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyall2007" class="citation news cs1">Lyall, Sarah (7 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120104055337/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/movies/07lyal.html">"Harold Pinter – Sleuth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York City. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/movies/07lyal.html">the original</a> on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter+%E2%80%93+Sleuth&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lyall&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F07%2Fmovies%2F07lyal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherwin-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Sherwin_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwin2009" class="citation news cs1">Sherwin, Adam (24 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616211500/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/article5963091.ece">"Portrait of Harold Pinter playing cricket to be sold at auction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TimesOnline" class="mw-redirect" title="TimesOnline">TimesOnline</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/News_Intl" class="mw-redirect" title="News Intl">News Intl</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460">0140-0460</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/article5963091.ece">the original</a> on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TimesOnline&rft.atitle=Portrait+of+Harold+Pinter+playing+cricket+to+be+sold+at+auction&rft.date=2009-03-24&rft.issn=0140-0460&rft.aulast=Sherwin&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Farts_and_entertainment%2Fstage%2Farticle5963091.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 410. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Supple, T. Baker, and Watkins, in Watkins, ed. </li> <li id="cite_note-Burtoncricket-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Burtoncricket_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2009" class="citation web cs1">Burton, Harry (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090627142610/http://www.lordstaverners.org/news.cfm?fullID=70">"Latest News & Charity Fundraising News from The Lord's Taverners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Taverners" title="Lord's Taverners">Lord's Taverners</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lordstaverners.org/news.cfm?fullID=70">the original</a> on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lord%27s+Taverners&rft.atitle=Latest+News+%26+Charity+Fundraising+News+from+The+Lord%27s+Taverners&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lordstaverners.org%2Fnews.cfm%3FfullID%3D70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GussowBillMerr-29"><a href="#cite_ref-GussowBillMerr_29-0">^</a> See, e.g., Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 25–30; Billington, Harold Pinter 7–16; and Merritt, Pinter in Play 194. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 10–12. </li> <li id="cite_note-BillingtonBatty1-31"><a href="#cite_ref-BillingtonBatty1_31-0">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 20–25, 31–35; and Batty, About Pinter 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 20–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-BillingtonBatty2-33"><a href="#cite_ref-BillingtonBatty2_33-0">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 37; and Batty, About Pinter 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-BillingtonBatty3-34"><a href="#cite_ref-BillingtonBatty3_34-0">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 31, 36, and 38; and Batty, About Pinter xiii and 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mac-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Mac_35-0">^</a> Pinter, "Mac", Various Voices 36–43. </li> <li id="cite_note-BattyAct-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BattyAct_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BattyAct_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BattyAct_36-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BattyAct_36-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BattyAct_36-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatty,_Mark" class="citation web cs1">Batty, Mark (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709085529/http://www.haroldpinter.org/acting/index.shtml">"Acting"</a>. haroldpinter.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haroldpinter.org/acting/index.shtml">the original</a> on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haroldpinter.org&rft.atitle=Acting&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haroldpinter.org%2Facting%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BillingtonActing-37"><a href="#cite_ref-BillingtonActing_37-0">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 20–25, 31, 36, and 37–41. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 3 and 47–48. Pinter's paternal grandmother's maiden name was Baron. He also used the name for an autobiographical character in the first draft of his novel The Dwarfs. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rep-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rep_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rep_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rep_39-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatty,_Mark" class="citation web cs1">Batty, Mark (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5zu83jkqV?url=http://www.haroldpinter.org/acting/index.shtml">"The Harold Pinter Acting Career"</a>. haroldprinter.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haroldpinter.org/acting/index.shtml">the original</a> on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haroldprinter.org&rft.atitle=The+Harold+Pinter+Acting+Career&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haroldpinter.org%2Facting%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988">, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatty,_Mark" class="citation web cs1">Batty, Mark (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5zu88k0a7?url=http://www.haroldpinter.org/acting/acting_otherrepwork.shtml">"Work in Various Repertory Companies 1954–1958"</a>. haroldprinter.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haroldpinter.org/acting/acting_otherrepwork.shtml">the original</a> on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 30 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haroldprinter.org&rft.atitle=Work+in+Various+Repertory+Companies+1954%E2%80%931958&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haroldpinter.org%2Facting%2Facting_otherrepwork.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BillingtonHP1-40"><a href="#cite_ref-BillingtonHP1_40-0">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 49–55. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Batty, About Pinter 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Gussow, Conversations with Pinter 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-BillingtonActing2-43"><a href="#cite_ref-BillingtonActing2_43-0">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 20–25, 31, 36, 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraphobit-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraphobit_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraphobit_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2008" class="citation news cs1">Staff (25 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110116050733/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/3949227/Harold-Pinter-the-most-original-stylish-and-enigmatic-writer-in-the-post-war-revival-of-British-theatre.html">"Harold Pinter: the most original, stylish and enigmatic writer in the post-war revival of British theatre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49632006">49632006</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/3949227/Harold-Pinter-the-most-original-stylish-and-enigmatic-writer-in-the-post-war-revival-of-British-theatre.html">the original</a> on 16 January 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter%3A+the+most+original%2C+stylish+and+enigmatic+writer+in+the+post-war+revival+of+British+theatre&rft.date=2008-12-25&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49632006&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F3949227%2FHarold-Pinter-the-most-original-stylish-and-enigmatic-writer-in-the-post-war-revival-of-British-theatre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 54 and 75. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 252–56. </li> <li id="cite_note-Billington,_pp._257-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Billington,_pp._257_47-0">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 257–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Fraser, Must You Go? 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-Billington,_p._257-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Billington,_p._257_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billington,_p._257_49-1">b</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 257. </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraserone-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Fraserone_50-0">^</a> Fraser, Chap. 1: "First Night", Must You Go? 3–19. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Fraser, chap. 1: "First Night"; chap. 2: "Pleasure and a Good Deal of Pain"; chap. 8: "It Is Here"; and chap. 13: "Marriage — Again", Must You Go? 3–33, 113–24, and 188–201. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bill252-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Bill252_52-0">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 252–53. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Fraser, Must You Go? 13. </li> <li id="cite_note-Billington253-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Billington253_54-0">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 253–55. </li> <li id="cite_note-People-55"><a href="#cite_ref-People_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff1975" class="citation magazine cs1">Staff (11 August 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110520231356/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917680-1,00.html">"People"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Time Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917680-1,00.html">the original</a> on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=People&rft.date=1975-08-11&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C917680-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Fraser, Must You Go? 29, 65–78, and 83. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Fraser, Must You Go? 85–88. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Fraser, "27 November — The Diary of Lady Antonia Pinter", Must You Go? 122–23. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 271–76. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 276. </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff1982" class="citation news cs1">Staff (7 October 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100121083451/http://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/07/arts/death-of-vivien-merchant-is-ascribed-to-alcoholism.html">"Death of Vivien Merchant Is Ascribed to Alcoholism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. New York City. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/07/arts/death-of-vivien-merchant-is-ascribed-to-alcoholism.html">the original</a> on 21 January 2010. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Death+of+Vivien+Merchant+Is+Ascribed+to+Alcoholism&rft.date=1982-10-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F10%2F07%2Farts%2Fdeath-of-vivien-merchant-is-ascribed-to-alcoholism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 276 and 345–47. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bill255-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bill255_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bill255_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bill255_63-2">c</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 255. </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> Fraser, Must You Go? 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bill254-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bill254_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bill254_65-1">b</a> Billington 254–55; cf. 345. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSands2009" class="citation news cs1">Sands, Sarah (4 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/sarah-sands/sarah-sands-pinters-funeral-ndash-more-final-reckoning-than-reconciliation-1224214.html">"Pinter's funeral – more final reckoning than reconciliation"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220509/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/sarah-sands/sarah-sands-pinters-funeral-ndash-more-final-reckoning-than-reconciliation-1224214.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Pinter%27s+funeral+%E2%80%93+more+final+reckoning+than+reconciliation&rft.date=2009-01-04&rft.aulast=Sands&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fcommentators%2Fsarah-sands%2Fsarah-sands-pinters-funeral-ndash-more-final-reckoning-than-reconciliation-1224214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Fraser, Must You Go? 211: "With all my timings [of Moonlight], Harold calls me his editor. Not so. I was the midwife saying, 'Push, Harold, push,' but the act of creation took place elsewhere and the baby would have been born anyway." </li> <li id="cite_note-BillingtonHPDD-68"><a href="#cite_ref-BillingtonHPDD_68-0">^</a> See Billington, Harold Pinter 388, 429–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lucky-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Lucky_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWark2006" class="citation news cs1">Wark, Kirsty (23 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112034535/http://news.bbc.co.uk/nolavconsole/ukfs_news/hi/newsid_4780000/newsid_4785400/nb_rm_4785475.stm">"Harold Pinter on Newsnight Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsnight_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsnight Review">Newsnight</a>. BBC. 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Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsnight&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter+on+Newsnight+Review&rft.date=2006-06-23&rft.aulast=Wark&rft.aufirst=Kirsty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fnolavconsole%2Fukfs_news%2Fhi%2Fnewsid_4780000%2Fnewsid_4785400%2Fnb_rm_4785475.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siddique-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Siddique_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddique2008" class="citation news cs1">Siddique, Haroon (25 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110905141709/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/dec/25/harold-pinter-dies">"Nobel prize winning dramatist Harold Pinter dies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 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Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nobel+prize+winning+dramatist+Harold+Pinter+dies&rft.date=2008-12-25&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60623878&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Siddique&rft.aufirst=Haroon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2008%2Fdec%2F25%2Fharold-pinter-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalkerSmithSiddique2008" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Peter; Smith, David; Siddique, Haroon (26 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111163934/http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2008/dec/26/harold-pinter-death-tributes">"Multi-award winning playwright lauded by dignitaries of theatrical and political worlds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">GMG</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60623878">60623878</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/jun/11/books.arts">the original</a> on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pinter+blasts+%27Nazi+America%27+and+%27deluded+idiot%27+Blair&rft.date=2003-06-11&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60623878&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft.au=Tilden%2C+Imogen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2003%2Fjun%2F11%2Fbooks.arts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turinspeech-82"><a href="#cite_ref-Turinspeech_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinter2002" class="citation news cs1">Pinter, Harold (11 December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629120116/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3585148/The-American-administration-is-a-bloodthirsty-wild-animal.html">"The American administration is a bloodthirsty wild animal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49632006">49632006</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3585148/The-American-administration-is-a-bloodthirsty-wild-animal.html">the original</a> on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+American+administration+is+a+bloodthirsty+wild+animal&rft.date=2002-12-11&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49632006&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Pinter&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fcomment%2Fpersonal-view%2F3585148%2FThe-American-administration-is-a-bloodthirsty-wild-animal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> Pinter, Various Voices 267. </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Billington, Harold Pinter 428. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2006" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Porter (17 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111016132831/http://articles.cnn.com/2006-03-16/entertainment/pinter.europe_1_theater-harold-pinter-prize-ceremony?_s=PM:SHOWBIZ">"Harold Pinter: Theater's angry old man"</a>. CNN. Turner Broadcasting System. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2006-03-16/entertainment/pinter.europe_1_theater-harold-pinter-prize-ceremony">the original</a> on 16 October 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter%3A+Theater%27s+angry+old+man&rft.date=2006-03-17&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Porter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.cnn.com%2F2006-03-16%2Fentertainment%2Fpinter.europe_1_theater-harold-pinter-prize-ceremony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Harold Pinter's poetry: The known and the unknown". <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. Vol. 400, no. 8747. London: <a href="/wiki/The_Financial_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Financial Times">The Financial Times</a>. 20 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter%27s+poetry%3A+The+known+and+the+unknown&rft.volume=400&rft.issue=8747&rft.date=2011-08-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HariPryce-Jones-87"><a href="#cite_ref-HariPryce-Jones_87-0">^</a> See, e.g., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHari2005" class="citation web cs1">Hari, Johann (5 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5zu9LmhTL?url=http://www.johannhari.com/2005/12/05/harold-pinter-does-not-deserve-the-nobel-prize">"Harold Pinter does not deserve the Nobel Prize : Johann Hari"</a>. johannhari.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johannhari.com/2005/12/05/harold-pinter-does-not-deserve-the-nobel-prize">the original</a> on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=johannhari.com&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter+does+not+deserve+the+Nobel+Prize+%3A+Johann+Hari&rft.date=2005-12-05&rft.aulast=Hari&rft.aufirst=Johann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johannhari.com%2F2005%2F12%2F05%2Fharold-pinter-does-not-deserve-the-nobel-prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitchens2005" class="citation news cs1">Hitchens, Christopher (17 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5zu9P9hXJ?url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB112950379731670200.html">"The Sinister Mediocrity of Harold Pinter - WSJ.com"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_%26_Company" title="Dow Jones & Company">Dow Jones</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB112950379731670200#articleTabs%3Darticle">the original</a> on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Sinister+Mediocrity+of+Harold+Pinter+-+WSJ.com&rft.date=2005-10-17&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Hitchens&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB112950379731670200%23articleTabs%253Darticle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988">; and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPryce-Jones2005" class="citation web cs1">Pryce-Jones, David (28 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5zu9UAqOB?url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/215795/harold-pinters-special-triteness/david-pryce-jones">"Harold Pinter's Special Triteness"</a>. National Review Online. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/215795/harold-pinters-special-triteness/david-pryce-jones">the original</a> on 3 July 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Review+Online&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter%27s+Special+Triteness&rft.date=2005-10-28&rft.aulast=Pryce-Jones&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Farticles%2F215795%2Fharold-pinters-special-triteness%2Fdavid-pryce-jones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alderman-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alderman_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alderman_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlderman2011" class="citation web cs1">Alderman, Geoffrey (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708213833/http://www.currentviewpoint.com/cgibin/news.cgi?id=11&command=shownews&newsid=1075">"Harold Pinter – A Jewish View"</a>. currentviewpoint.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.currentviewpoint.com/cgibin/news.cgi?id=11&command=shownews&newsid=1075">the original</a> on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=currentviewpoint.com&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter+%E2%80%93+A+Jewish+View&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Alderman&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.currentviewpoint.com%2Fcgibin%2Fnews.cgi%3Fid%3D11%26command%3Dshownews%26newsid%3D1075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edgard-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Edgard_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdgar2008" class="citation news cs1">Edgar, David (29 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110122749/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/dec/29/harold-pinter-politics">"Pinter's early politics"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">GMG</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60623878">60623878</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/dec/29/harold-pinter-politics">the original</a> on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2011. <q>The idea that he was a dissenting figure only in later life ignores the politics of his early work.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pinter%27s+early+politics&rft.date=2008-12-29&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60623878&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Edgar&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2008%2Fdec%2F29%2Fharold-pinter-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PinterColossal-90"><a href="#cite_ref-PinterColossal_90-0">^</a> See also the comments of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> and others, excerpted in "A Colossal Figure", which accompanies a reprinting of Pinter's essay <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinter2005" class="citation news cs1">Pinter, Harold (14 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100216021411/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/pinter-torture-and-misery-in-name-of-freedom-510906.html">"Pinter: Torture and misery in name of freedom – World Politics, World – The Independent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Independent_News_%26_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent News & Media">INM</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0951-9467">0951-9467</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/185201487">185201487</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/pinter-torture-and-misery-in-name-of-freedom-510906.html">the original</a> on 16 February 2010. 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Retrieved 27 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter%2C+Playwright+of+the+Anxious+Pause%2C+Dies+at+78&rft.date=2008-12-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gussow&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft.au=Brantley%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F12%2F26%2Ftheater%2F26pinter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Gordon, "Chronology", Pinter at 70 xliii–lxv; Batty, "Chronology", About Pinter xiii–xvi. </li> <li id="cite_note-Wark-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wark_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wark_101-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121112034520/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/newsnight/5110060.stm">"Harold Pinter on Newsnight Review with Kirsty Wark"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsnight_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsnight Review">Newsnight Review</a>. 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Retrieved 26 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsnight+Review&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter+on+Newsnight+Review+with+Kirsty+Wark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fnolavconsole%2Fukfs_news%2Fhi%2Fnewsid_4780000%2Fnewsid_4785400&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MerrittWoolf-102"><a href="#cite_ref-MerrittWoolf_102-0">^</a> Merritt, "Talking about Pinter" 147. </li> <li id="cite_note-Billobit-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Billobit_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billobit_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillington2008" class="citation news cs1">Billington, Michael (25 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110227094739/http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2008/dec/25/pinter-theatre">"The most provocative, poetic and influential playwright of his generation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 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Retrieved 26 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=French+PM+honours+Harold+Pinter&rft.date=2007-01-18&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F6273365.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> Merritt, Pinter in Play 171–89. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> Begley; Karwowski; and Quigley. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> Quoted in Merritt, Pinter in Play 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-BattyGrimes2-207"><a href="#cite_ref-BattyGrimes2_207-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">Cf.</a>, e.g., Batty, "Preface" (xvii–xix) and chap. 6–9 (55–221) in About Pinter; Grimes 19, 36–71, 218–20, and passim. </li> <li id="cite_note-GussowConv-208"><a href="#cite_ref-GussowConv_208-0">^</a> Quoted in Merritt, Pinter in Play 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> Merritt, Pinter in Play 180. </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> Grimes 220. </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> Pinter, Art, Truth and Politics 9 and 24. </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoppa2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Coppa" title="Francesca Coppa">Coppa, Francesca</a> (2011). Raby, Peter (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cco.cambridge.org/extract?id=ccol0521651239_CCOL0521651239A006">Cambridge Collections Online : The sacred joke: Comedy and politics in Pinter's early plays</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65842-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65842-3"><bdi>978-0-521-65842-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 30 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Collections+Online+%3A+The+sacred+joke%3A+Comedy+and+politics+in+Pinter%27s+early+plays&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65842-3&rft.aulast=Coppa&rft.aufirst=Francesca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcco.cambridge.org%2Fextract%3Fid%3Dccol0521651239_CCOL0521651239A006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JonesWoolf-213"><a href="#cite_ref-JonesWoolf_213-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2003" class="citation web cs1">Jones, David (Fall 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727223238/http://roundabouttheatre.org/fc/fall03/jones.htm">"Roundabout Theatre Company – Front & Center Online"</a>. roundabouttheatre.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roundabouttheatre.org/fc/fall03/jones.htm">the original</a> on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roundabouttheatre.org&rft.atitle=Roundabout+Theatre+Company+%E2%80%93+Front+%26+Center+Online&rft.ssn=fall&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froundabouttheatre.org%2Ffc%2Ffall03%2Fjones.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988">; <a href="/wiki/Cf." title="Cf.">cf.</a> Woolf, quoted in Merritt, "Talking about Pinter" 147–48. </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> Merritt, Pinter in Play (passim). </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> Baker and Ross, "Appendix One" 224. </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatty,_Mark2011" class="citation web cs1">Batty, Mark, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081228191355/http://www.haroldpinter.org/links/links_academia.shtml">"Links – Libraries and Academia"</a>. haroldpinter.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haroldpinter.org/links/links_academia.shtml">the original</a> on 28 December 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=haroldpinter.org&rft.atitle=Links+%E2%80%93+Libraries+and+Academia&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haroldpinter.org%2Flinks%2Flinks_academia.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, William (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/haroldpinter0000bake">Harold Pinter</a>. Writers' Lives Series. London and New York: <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-9970-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-9970-7"><bdi>978-0-8264-9970-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+Pinter&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.series=Writers%27+Lives+Series.&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-9970-7&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fharoldpinter0000bake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakerRoss2005" class="citation book cs1">Baker, William; Ross, John C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trent_0116405528849">Harold Pinter: A Bibliographical History</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> and New Castle, DE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58456-156-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-58456-156-4"><bdi>1-58456-156-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+Pinter%3A+A+Bibliographical+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Library+and+New+Castle%2C+DE&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-58456-156-4&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Ross%2C+John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrent_0116405528849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatty2005" class="citation book cs1">Batty, Mark (2005). About Pinter: The Playwright and the Work. London: <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-571-22005-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-571-22005-3"><bdi>0-571-22005-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=About+Pinter%3A+The+Playwright+and+the+Work&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-571-22005-3&rft.aulast=Batty&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBegley2005" class="citation book cs1">Begley, Varun (2005). Harold Pinter and the Twilight of Modernism. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-3887-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-3887-6"><bdi>978-0-8020-3887-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+Pinter+and+the+Twilight+of+Modernism&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-3887-6&rft.aulast=Begley&rft.aufirst=Varun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillington2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Billington_(critic)" title="Michael Billington (critic)">Billington, Michael</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeworkofharo00bill">Harold Pinter</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-19065-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-19065-2"><bdi>978-0-571-19065-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+Pinter&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-571-19065-2&rft.aulast=Billington&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeworkofharo00bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Fraser" title="Antonia Fraser">Fraser, Antonia</a> (2010). Must You Go? My Life with Harold Pinter. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson (Orion Books). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-85971-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-85971-0"><bdi>978-0-297-85971-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Must+You+Go%3F+My+Life+with+Harold+Pinter&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson+%28Orion+Books%29&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-297-85971-0&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGale2003" class="citation book cs1">Gale, Steven H. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sharpcutharoldpi0000gale">Sharp Cut: Harold Pinter's Screenplays and the Artistic Process</a>. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-2244-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-2244-9"><bdi>0-8131-2244-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sharp+Cut%3A+Harold+Pinter%27s+Screenplays+and+the+Artistic+Process&rft.place=Lexington&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8131-2244-9&rft.aulast=Gale&rft.aufirst=Steven+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsharpcutharoldpi0000gale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon,_Lois2001" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Lois, ed. (2001). Pinter at 70: A Casebook. Casebooks on Modern Dramatists (2 ed.). New York and London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93630-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93630-9"><bdi>978-0-415-93630-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pinter+at+70%3A+A+Casebook&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.series=Casebooks+on+Modern+Dramatists&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93630-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes2005" class="citation book cs1">Grimes, Charles (2005). Harold Pinter's Politics: A Silence Beyond Echo. Madison & Teaneck, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8386-4050-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8386-4050-8"><bdi>0-8386-4050-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+Pinter%27s+Politics%3A+A+Silence+Beyond+Echo&rft.place=Madison+%26+Teaneck%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8386-4050-8&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGussow1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Gussow" title="Mel Gussow">Gussow, Mel</a> (1994). Conversations with Pinter. London: <a href="/wiki/Nick_Hern_Books" title="Nick Hern Books">Nick Hern Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85459-201-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85459-201-9"><bdi>978-1-85459-201-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversations+with+Pinter&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Nick+Hern+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-85459-201-9&rft.aulast=Gussow&rft.aufirst=Mel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernPinter1985" class="citation book cs1">Hern, Nicholas; Pinter, Harold (February 1985). A Play and Its Politics: A Conversation between Harold Pinter and Nicholas Hern. Harold Pinter, 'One for the Road'. New York: Grove. pp. 5–23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-62363-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-62363-0"><bdi>0-394-62363-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Play+and+Its+Politics%3A+A+Conversation+between+Harold+Pinter+and+Nicholas+Hern&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Harold+Pinter%2C+%27One+for+the+Road%27&rft.pages=5-23&rft.pub=Grove&rft.date=1985-02&rft.isbn=0-394-62363-0&rft.aulast=Hern&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Pinter%2C+Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudgins2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hudgins, Christopher C. (2008). Gillen, Francis; Gale, Steven H. (eds.). "Three Unpublished Harold Pinter Filmscripts". The Pinter Review: Nobel Prize/Europe Theatre Prize Volume: 2005–2008. Tampa: University of Tampa Press: 132–39. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0895-9706">0895-9706</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16878624">16878624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pinter+Review%3A+Nobel+Prize%2FEurope+Theatre+Prize+Volume%3A+2005%E2%80%932008&rft.atitle=Three+Unpublished+Harold+Pinter+Filmscripts&rft.pages=132-39&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16878624&rft.issn=0895-9706&rft.aulast=Hudgins&rft.aufirst=Christopher+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarwowski2003" class="citation journal cs1">Karwowski, Michael (1 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090112100320/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-111858203.html">"Harold Pinter––a Political Playwright?]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Contemporary_Review" title="The Contemporary Review">The Contemporary Review</a>. Oxford: 291–96. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-7565">0010-7565</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1564974">1564974</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-111858203.html">the original</a> on 12 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Contemporary+Review&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter%E2%80%93%E2%80%93a+Political+Playwright%3F%5D&rft.pages=291-96&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1564974&rft.issn=0010-7565&rft.aulast=Karwowski&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-111858203.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerritt1995" class="citation book cs1">Merritt, Susan Hollis (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pinterinplay00susa">Pinter in Play: Critical Strategies and the Plays of Harold Pinter</a>. Durham and London: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1674-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-1674-9"><bdi>978-0-8223-1674-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pinter+in+Play%3A+Critical+Strategies+and+the+Plays+of+Harold+Pinter&rft.place=Durham+and+London&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-1674-9&rft.aulast=Merritt&rft.aufirst=Susan+Hollis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpinterinplay00susa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerritt2000" class="citation journal cs1">Merritt, Susan Hollis (2000). Gillen, Francis; Gale, Steven H. (eds.). "Harold Pinter's 'Ashes to Ashes': Political/Personal Echoes of the Holocaust". The Pinter Review: Collected Essays 1999 and 2000. Tampa: University of Tampa Press: 73–84. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0895-9706">0895-9706</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16878624">16878624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pinter+Review%3A+Collected+Essays+1999+and+2000&rft.atitle=Harold+Pinter%27s+%27Ashes+to+Ashes%27%3A+Political%2FPersonal+Echoes+of+the+Holocaust&rft.pages=73-84&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16878624&rft.issn=0895-9706&rft.aulast=Merritt&rft.aufirst=Susan+Hollis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerritt2002" class="citation journal cs1">Merritt, Susan Hollis (2002). Gillen, Francis; Gale, Steven H. (eds.). "Talking about Pinter: Collected Essays 2001 and 2002". The Pinter Review: Collected Essays: 2003 and 2004. Tampa: University of Tampa Press: 144–467. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0895-9706">0895-9706</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16878624">16878624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pinter+Review%3A+Collected+Essays%3A+2003+and+2004&rft.atitle=Talking+about+Pinter%3A+Collected+Essays+2001+and+2002&rft.pages=144-467&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16878624&rft.issn=0895-9706&rft.aulast=Merritt&rft.aufirst=Susan+Hollis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerritt2004" class="citation journal cs1">Merritt, Susan Hollis (2004). Gillen, Francis; Gale, Steven H. (eds.). "Staging Pinter: From Pregnant Pauses to Political Cause". The Pinter Review: Collected Essays: 2003 and 2004. Tampa: University of Tampa Press: 123–43. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0895-9706">0895-9706</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16878624">16878624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pinter+Review%3A+Collected+Essays%3A+2003+and+2004&rft.atitle=Staging+Pinter%3A+From+Pregnant+Pauses+to+Political+Cause&rft.pages=123-43&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16878624&rft.issn=0895-9706&rft.aulast=Merritt&rft.aufirst=Susan+Hollis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMünder2008" class="citation journal cs1">Münder, Peter (2008). Gillen, Francis; Gale, Steven H. (eds.). "Endgame with Spools: Harold Pinter in 'Krapp's Last Tape'". The Pinter Review: Nobel Prize/Europe Theatre Prize Volume: 2005– 008. Tampa: University of Tampa Press: 220–22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0895-9706">0895-9706</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16878624">16878624</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pinter+Review%3A+Nobel+Prize%2FEurope+Theatre+Prize+Volume%3A+2005%E2%80%93+008&rft.atitle=Endgame+with+Spools%3A+Harold+Pinter+in+%27Krapp%27s+Last+Tape%27&rft.pages=220-22&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16878624&rft.issn=0895-9706&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCnder&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinter2000" class="citation book cs1">Pinter, Harold (2000). 'Celebration' and 'The Room': Two Plays by Harold Pinter. London: <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-20497-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-20497-7"><bdi>978-0-571-20497-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Celebration%27+and+%27The+Room%27%3A+Two+Plays+by+Harold+Pinter&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-571-20497-7&rft.aulast=Pinter&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinter2005" class="citation book cs1">Pinter, Harold (2005). Art, Truth and Politics: The Nobel Lecture. London: <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-23396-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-23396-0"><bdi>978-0-571-23396-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art%2C+Truth+and+Politics%3A+The+Nobel+Lecture&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-571-23396-0&rft.aulast=Pinter&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinter2008" class="citation book cs1">Pinter, Harold (2008). "Introduction by Harold Pinter, Nobel Laureate". In Watkins, G. L. (ed.). Fortune's Fool: The Man Who Taught Harold Pinter: A Life of Joe Brearley. Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, UK: TwigBooks in association with The Clove Club. pp. 7–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9547236-8-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9547236-8-2"><bdi>978-0-9547236-8-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+by+Harold+Pinter%2C+Nobel+Laureate&rft.btitle=Fortune%27s+Fool%3A+The+Man+Who+Taught+Harold+Pinter%3A+A+Life+of+Joe+Brearley&rft.place=Aylesbury%2C+Buckinghamshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=7-9&rft.pub=TwigBooks+in+association+with+The+Clove+Club&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-9547236-8-2&rft.aulast=Pinter&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinter2009" class="citation book cs1">Pinter, Harold (2009). Various Voices: Sixty Years of Prose, Poetry, Politics 1948–2008 (3 ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-24480-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-24480-5"><bdi>978-0-571-24480-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Various+Voices%3A+Sixty+Years+of+Prose%2C+Poetry%2C+Politics+1948%E2%80%932008&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-571-24480-5&rft.aulast=Pinter&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuigley2001" class="citation book cs1">Quigley, Austin E. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cco.cambridge.org/extract?id=ccol0521651239_CCOL0521651239_root">"Pinter, Politics and Postmodernmism (I)"</a>. In Raby, Peter (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Harold Pinter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 7–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65842-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-65842-3"><bdi>978-0-521-65842-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pinter%2C+Politics+and+Postmodernmism+%28I%29&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Harold+Pinter&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=7-27&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65842-3&rft.aulast=Quigley&rft.aufirst=Austin+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcco.cambridge.org%2Fextract%3Fid%3Dccol0521651239_CCOL0521651239_root&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkins,_G._L.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Watkins, G. L., ed. (March 2009). The Clove's Lines: The Newsletter of the Clove Club: The Old Boys of Hackney Downs School. 3 (2): 1–36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Clove%27s+Lines%3A+The+Newsletter+of+the+Clove+Club%3A+The+Old+Boys+of+Hackney+Downs+School&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-36&rft.date=2009-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Pinter" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editions">Editions</h3></div> <ul><li>Pinter, Harold. Plays: One | <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(play)" title="The Birthday Party (play)">The Birthday Party</a>, The Room, The Dumb Waiter, <a href="/wiki/A_Slight_Ache" title="A Slight Ache">A Slight Ache</a>, The Hothouse, A Night Out. (London: Methuen, 1983) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-413-34650-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-413-34650-1">0-413-34650-1</a> Contains an introductory essay, Writing for the Theatre.</li> <li>Pinter, Harold. Plays: Two | <a href="/wiki/The_Caretaker" title="The Caretaker">The Caretaker</a>, The Collection, The Lover, Night School, The Dwarfs. (London: Eyre Methuen, 1979) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-413-37300-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-413-37300-2">0-413-37300-2</a> Contains an introductory essay, Writing for Myself.</li> <li>Pinter, Harold. Plays: Three | <a href="/wiki/The_Homecoming" title="The Homecoming">The Homecoming</a>, The Tea Party, The Basement, Landscape, Silence. (London: Eyre Methuen, 1978) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-413-38480-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-413-38480-2">0-413-38480-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_of_criticism">Works of criticism</h3></div> <ul><li>Naismith, Bill (ed.), Harold Pinter: Faber Critical Guide: <a href="/wiki/The_Caretaker" title="The Caretaker">The Caretaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(play)" title="The Birthday Party (play)">The Birthday Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Homecoming" title="The Homecoming">The Homecoming</a> (London: <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>, 2000). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-19781-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-19781-1">978-0-571-19781-1</a>. Contains introductory essays and explanatory notes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Harold_Pinter" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harold_Pinter" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haroldpinter.org/home/index.shtml">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL39212A">Works by Harold Pinter</a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41042#P648" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0056217/">Harold Pinter</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/6084">Harold Pinter</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41042#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pintersociety.org/">International Harold Pinter Society</a> (Allied Organization of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Association" title="Modern Language Association">Modern Language Association</a>, co-publisher of The Pinter Review)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113201353/http://www.granta.com/Online-Only/Harold-Pinter-tribute">"Harold Pinter"</a> at <a href="/wiki/Granta" title="Granta">Granta</a> (collection of useful links)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/culture/pinter">"Harold Pinter"</a> at <a href="/wiki/Guardian.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian.co.uk">guardian.co.uk</a> ("The best of The Guardian's coverage, including tributes, reviews and articles from the archive," periodically updated)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/p/harold_pinter/index.html">"Harold Pinter"</a> in "Times Topics" at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">nytimes.com</a> (periodically updated collection of news articles, reviews, commentaries, photographs, and Web resources from The New York Times )</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070517131233/http://www.theatrevoice.com/listen_now/player/?audioID=463">"Harold Pinter"</a> on The Mark Shenton Show, TheatreVoice, recorded on 21 February 2007 (critics Michael Billington and Alastair Macaulay review <a href="/wiki/Pinter%27s_People" title="Pinter's People">Pinter's People</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Dumb_Waiter" title="The Dumb Waiter">The Dumb Waiter</a>; director and actor Harry Burton talks about his experiences with Pinter)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070517131244/http://www.theatrevoice.com/listen_now/player/?audioID=352">"Reputations: Harold Pinter"</a> on TheatreVoice, recorded on 14 October 2005 (critical assessments by Michael Billington, Dan Rebellato, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Spencer_(journalist)" title="Charles Spencer (journalist)">Charles Spencer</a> and Ian Smith)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926093110/http://www.illuminationsmedia.co.uk/filmstobuy/category/6/product/280/working_with_pinter.html">Working with Pinter, 2007 film by Harry Burton</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/whatson/downloads/index.html">"Harold Pinter – Interview"</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> Online Gallery: What's On, British Library, 8 September 2008 (Pinter discusses his memories of postwar British theatre with Harry Burton)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nobel.bh.org.il/en/persona/2620/">Harold Pinter</a>, Nobel Luminaries – Jewish Nobel Prize Winners, on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bh.org.il/">Beit Hatfutsot-The Museum of the Jewish People</a> Website.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/801">Harold Pinter</a> on Nobelprize.org <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41042#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noblib.internet-box.ch/NLEW.php?authorid=120">List of Works</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Harold_Pinter" title="Template:Harold Pinter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Harold_Pinter" title="Template talk:Harold Pinter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Harold_Pinter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Harold Pinter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Harold_Pinter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harold Pinter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Room_(play)" title="The Room (play)">The Room</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(play)" title="The Birthday Party (play)">The Birthday Party</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dumb_Waiter" title="The Dumb Waiter">The Dumb Waiter</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Slight_Ache" title="A Slight Ache">A Slight Ache</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hothouse" title="The Hothouse">The Hothouse</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caretaker" title="The Caretaker">The Caretaker</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Night_Out_(play)" title="A Night Out (play)">A Night Out</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_School_(play)" title="Night School (play)">Night School</a> (1960)</li> <li>The Dwarfs (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collection_(play)" title="The Collection (play)">The Collection</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lover_(play)" title="The Lover (play)">The Lover</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_(play)" title="Tea Party (play)">Tea Party</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Homecoming" title="The Homecoming">The Homecoming</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Basement_(play)" title="The Basement (play)">The Basement</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_(play)" title="Landscape (play)">Landscape</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silence_(1969_play)" title="Silence (1969 play)">Silence</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Times" title="Old Times">Old Times</a> (1970)</li> <li>Monologue (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(play)" title="No Man's Land (play)">No Man's Land</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betrayal_(play)" title="Betrayal (play)">Betrayal</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Voices" title="Family Voices">Family Voices</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Kind_of_Alaska" title="A Kind of Alaska">A Kind of Alaska</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Station_(play)" title="Victoria Station (play)">Victoria Station</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_for_the_Road_(Harold_Pinter_play)" class="mw-redirect" title="One for the Road (Harold Pinter play)">One for the Road</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Language" title="Mountain Language">Mountain Language</a> (1988)</li> <li>The New World Order (1991)</li> <li>Party Time (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonlight_(play)" title="Moonlight (play)">Moonlight</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashes_to_Ashes_(play)" title="Ashes to Ashes (play)">Ashes to Ashes</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebration_(play)" title="Celebration (play)">Celebration</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remembrance_of_Things_Past_(play)" title="Remembrance of Things Past (play)">Remembrance of Things Past</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dramatic sketches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Black and White (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trouble_in_the_Works" title="Trouble in the Works">Trouble in the Works</a> (1959)</li> <li>The Last to Go (1959)</li> <li>Request Stop (1959)</li> <li>Special Offer (1959)</li> <li>That's Your Trouble (1959)</li> <li>That's All (1959)</li> <li>Interview (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applicant_(sketch)" title="Applicant (sketch)">Applicant</a> (1959)</li> <li>Dialogue for Three (1959)</li> <li>Umbrellas (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_(sketch)" title="Night (sketch)">Night</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisely_(sketch)" title="Precisely (sketch)">Precisely</a> (1983)</li> <li>God's District (1997)</li> <li>Press Conference (2002)</li> <li>Apart From That (2006)</li> <li>The Pres and an Officer (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Caretaker_(film)" title="The Caretaker (film)">The Caretaker</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Servant_(1963_film)" title="The Servant (1963 film)">The Servant</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pumpkin_Eater" title="The Pumpkin Eater">The Pumpkin Eater</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Quiller_Memorandum" title="The Quiller Memorandum">The Quiller Memorandum</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accident_(1967_film)" title="Accident (1967 film)">Accident</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Birthday_Party_(1968_film)" title="The Birthday Party (1968 film)">The Birthday Party</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Homecoming_(film)" title="The Homecoming (film)">The Homecoming</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langrishe,_Go_Down_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Langrishe, Go Down (film)">Langrishe, Go Down</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Go-Between_(1971_film)" title="The Go-Between (1971 film)">The Go-Between</a> (1971)</li> <li>The Proust Screenplay (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Tycoon_(1976_film)" title="The Last Tycoon (1976 film)">The Last Tycoon</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_French_Lieutenant%27s_Woman_(film)" title="The French Lieutenant's Woman (film)">The French Lieutenant's Woman</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_(novel)#Adaptations" title="Victory (novel)">Victory</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betrayal_(1983_film)" title="Betrayal (1983 film)">Betrayal</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Diary" title="Turtle Diary">Turtle Diary</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heat_of_the_Day#TV_adaptation" title="The Heat of the Day">The Heat of the Day</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunion_(1989_film)" title="Reunion (1989 film)">Reunion</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Comfort_of_Strangers_(film)" title="The Comfort of Strangers (film)">The Comfort of Strangers</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale_(film)" title="The Handmaid's Tale (film)">The Handmaid's Tale</a> (1990)</li> <li>Party Time (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_(1993_film)" title="The Trial (1993 film)">The Trial</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dreaming_Child" title="The Dreaming Child">The Dreaming Child</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_King_Lear_(screenplay)" title="The Tragedy of King Lear (screenplay)">The Tragedy of King Lear</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleuth_(2007_film)" title="Sleuth (2007 film)">Sleuth</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Harold_Pinter" title="List of works by Harold Pinter">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter_bibliography" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold Pinter bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Characteristics_of_Harold_Pinter%27s_work" title="Characteristics of Harold Pinter's work">Characteristics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honours_and_awards_to_Harold_Pinter" class="mw-redirect" title="Honours and awards to Harold Pinter">Honours and awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter_and_academia" title="Harold Pinter and academia">Relationship with academia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Harold_Pinter_Archive_in_the_British_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The Harold Pinter Archive in the British Library">The Harold Pinter Archive in the British Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter_and_politics" title="Harold Pinter and politics">Harold Pinter and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art,_Truth_and_Politics" title="Art, Truth and Politics">Art, Truth and Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinter%27s_People" title="Pinter's People">Pinter's People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Harold_Pinter" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Harold_Pinter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Honours_and_awards_to_Harold_Pinter" class="mw-redirect" title="Honours and awards to Harold Pinter">Awards for Harold Pinter</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" title="Template:Austrian State Prize for European Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" title="Template talk:Austrian State Prize for European Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austrian State Prize for European Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_State_Prize_for_European_Literature" title="Austrian State Prize for European Literature">Austrian State Prize for European Literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zbigniew_Herbert" title="Zbigniew Herbert">Zbigniew Herbert</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Auden" title="W. 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay">BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Tabori" title="George Tabori">George Tabori</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robin_Estridge" title="Robin Estridge">Robin Estridge</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rose_(screenwriter)" title="William Rose (screenwriter)">William Rose</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Balchin" title="Nigel Balchin">Nigel Balchin</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulle" title="Pierre Boulle">Pierre Boulle</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dehn" title="Paul Dehn">Paul Dehn</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Harvey_(English_screenwriter)" title="Frank Harvey (English screenwriter)">Frank Harvey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boulting_brothers" title="Boulting brothers">John Boulting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Hackney" title="Alan Hackney">Alan Hackney</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Forbes" title="Bryan Forbes">Bryan Forbes</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Mankowitz" title="Wolf Mankowitz">Wolf Mankowitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Val_Guest" title="Val Guest">Val Guest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shelagh_Delaney" title="Shelagh Delaney">Shelagh Delaney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">John Osborne</a> (1963)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harold Pinter</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Raphael" title="Frederic Raphael">Frederic Raphael</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mercer_(playwright)" title="David Mercer (playwright)">David Mercer</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay">BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calder_Willingham" title="Calder Willingham">Calder Willingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buck_Henry" title="Buck Henry">Buck Henry</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldo_Salt" title="Waldo Salt">Waldo Salt</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1970)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harold Pinter</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> / <a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne">Robert Towne</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Getchell" title="Robert Getchell">Robert Getchell</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Sargent" title="Alvin Sargent">Alvin Sargent</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kosi%C5%84ski" title="Jerzy Kosiński">Jerzy Kosiński</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Forsyth" title="Bill Forsyth">Bill Forsyth</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Stewart" title="Donald E. Stewart">Donald E. Stewart</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Fellowship_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Template:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Template talk:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Academy_Fellowship_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Fellowship_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Fellowship" title="BAFTA Fellowship">BAFTA Fellowship Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">1971–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Young" title="Freddie Young">Freddie Young</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Wyndham_Goldie" title="Grace Wyndham Goldie">Grace Wyndham Goldie</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cousteau" title="Jacques Cousteau">Jacques Cousteau</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Forman" title="Denis Forman">Denis Forman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Grade" title="Lew Grade">Lew Grade</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huw_Wheldon" title="Huw Wheldon">Huw Wheldon</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Abel Gance</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell" title="Michael Powell">Michael Powell</a> & <a href="/wiki/Emeric_Pressburger" title="Emeric Pressburger">Emeric Pressburger</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Greene" title="Hugh Greene">Hugh Greene</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Isaacs" title="Jeremy Isaacs">Jeremy Isaacs</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fox_(television_executive)" title="Paul Fox (television executive)">Paul Fox</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Plowright" title="David Plowright">David Plowright</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Samuelson" title="Sydney Samuelson">Sydney Samuelson</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Young_(film_educator)" title="Colin Young (film educator)">Colin Young</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Grade" title="Michael Grade">Michael Grade</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Neame" title="Ronald Neame">Ronald Neame</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Bochco" title="Steven Bochco">Steven Bochco</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Christie" title="Julie Christie">Julie Christie</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Morris" title="Oswald Morris">Oswald Morris</a> (1997)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harold Pinter</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(songwriter)" title="David Rose (songwriter)">David Rose</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cotton" title="Bill Cotton">Bill Cotton</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Morecambe" title="Eric Morecambe">Eric Morecambe</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Wise" title="Ernie Wise">Ernie Wise</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Taylor" title="Elizabeth Taylor">Elizabeth Taylor</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bazalgette" title="Peter Bazalgette">Peter Bazalgette</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%;background: #C5B358">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thaw" title="John Thaw">John Thaw</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_Ivory_Productions" title="Merchant Ivory Productions">Merchant Ivory Productions</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Davies_(writer)" title="Andrew Davies (writer)">Andrew Davies</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mills" title="John Mills">John Mills</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Zaentz" title="Saul Zaentz">Saul Zaentz</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Jason" title="David Jason">David Jason</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Graef" title="Roger Graef">Roger Graef</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Puttnam" title="David Puttnam">David Puttnam</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Ken Loach</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtis" title="Richard Curtis">Richard Curtis</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Wright_(game_designer)" title="Will Wright (game designer)">Will Wright</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Forsyth" title="Bruce Forsyth">Bruce Forsyth</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_French" title="Dawn French">Dawn French</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Saunders" title="Jennifer Saunders">Jennifer Saunders</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Gilliam" title="Terry Gilliam">Terry Gilliam</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nolan_Bushnell" title="Nolan Bushnell">Nolan Bushnell</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Miyamoto" title="Shigeru Miyamoto">Shigeru Miyamoto</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Bragg" title="Melvyn Bragg">Melvyn Bragg</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee" title="Christopher Lee">Christopher Lee</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Molyneux" title="Peter Molyneux">Peter Molyneux</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_McDonald" title="Trevor McDonald">Trevor McDonald</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2012)</li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Harris" title="Rolf Harris">Rolf Harris</a></s> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabe_Newell" title="Gabe Newell">Gabe Newell</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Mirren" title="Helen Mirren">Helen Mirren</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockstar_Games" title="Rockstar Games">Rockstar Games</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Walters" title="Julie Walters">Julie Walters</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Braben" title="David Braben">David Braben</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Snow_(journalist)" title="Jon Snow (journalist)">Jon Snow</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Galton" title="Ray Galton">Ray Galton</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alan_Simpson_(scriptwriter)" title="Alan Simpson (scriptwriter)">Alan Simpson</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Lumley" title="Joanna Lumley">Joanna Lumley</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Schafer" title="Tim Schafer">Tim Schafer</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Adie" title="Kate Adie">Kate Adie</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelma_Schoonmaker" title="Thelma Schoonmaker">Thelma Schoonmaker</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Bakewell" title="Joan Bakewell">Joan Bakewell</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kennedy_(producer)" title="Kathleen Kennedy (producer)">Kathleen Kennedy</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideo_Kojima" title="Hideo Kojima">Hideo Kojima</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siobhan_Reddy" title="Siobhan Reddy">Siobhan Reddy</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Connolly" title="Billy Connolly">Billy Connolly</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Powell_(costume_designer)" title="Sandy Powell (costume designer)">Sandy Powell</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuhei_Yoshida" title="Shuhei Yoshida">Shuhei Yoshida</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meera_Syal" title="Meera Syal">Meera Syal</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Morton" title="Samantha Morton">Samantha Morton</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floella_Benjamin" title="Floella Benjamin">Floella Benjamin</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="David_Cohen_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:David_Cohen_Prize" title="Template:David Cohen Prize"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:David_Cohen_Prize" title="Template talk:David Cohen Prize"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:David_Cohen_Prize" title="Special:EditPage/Template:David Cohen Prize"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="David_Cohen_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/David_Cohen_Prize" title="David Cohen Prize">David Cohen Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a> (1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harold Pinter</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Spark" title="Muriel Spark">Muriel Spark</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Trevor" title="William Trevor">William Trevor</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bainbridge" title="Beryl Bainbridge">Beryl Bainbridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thom_Gunn" title="Thom Gunn">Thom Gunn</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Holroyd" title="Michael Holroyd">Michael Holroyd</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Mahon" title="Derek Mahon">Derek Mahon</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Barnes" title="Julian Barnes">Julian Barnes</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_Mantel" title="Hilary Mantel">Hilary Mantel</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Harrison" title="Tony Harrison">Tony Harrison</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edna_O%27Brien" title="Edna O'Brien">Edna O'Brien</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colm_T%C3%B3ib%C3%ADn" title="Colm Tóibín">Colm Tóibín</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template talk:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay">New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1956–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Poe" title="James Poe">James Poe</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Farrow" title="John Farrow">John Farrow</a> and <a href="/wiki/S._J._Perelman" title="S. J. Perelman">S. J. Perelman</a> (1956)</li> <li>No Award (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedrick_Young" title="Nedrick Young">Nedrick Young</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jacob_Smith" title="Harold Jacob Smith">Harold Jacob Smith</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Mayes" title="Wendell Mayes">Wendell Mayes</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._A._L._Diamond" title="I. A. L. Diamond">I. A. L. Diamond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Mann" title="Abby Mann">Abby Mann</a> (1961)</li> <li>No Award (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Ravetch" title="Irving Ravetch">Irving Ravetch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Frank_Jr." title="Harriet Frank Jr.">Harriet Frank Jr.</a> (1963)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harold Pinter</a> (1964)</li> <li>No Award (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bolt" title="Robert Bolt">Robert Bolt</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Newman_(screenwriter)" title="David Newman (screenwriter)">David Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Semple_Jr." title="Lorenzo Semple Jr.">Lorenzo Semple Jr.</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Tucker_(screenwriter)" title="Larry Tucker (screenwriter)">Larry Tucker</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Rohmer" title="Éric Rohmer">Éric Rohmer</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Penelope_Gilliatt" title="Penelope Gilliatt">Penelope Gilliatt</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Katz" title="Gloria Katz">Gloria Katz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Willard_Huyck" title="Willard Huyck">Willard Huyck</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Schiffman" title="Suzanne Schiffman">Suzanne Schiffman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gruault" title="Jean Gruault">Jean Gruault</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Tesich" title="Steve Tesich">Steve Tesich</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Guare" title="John Guare">John Guare</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murray_Schisgal" title="Murray Schisgal">Murray Schisgal</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Forsyth" title="Bill Forsyth">Bill Forsyth</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanif_Kureishi" title="Hanif Kureishi">Hanif Kureishi</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Shelton" title="Ron Shelton">Ron Shelton</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant" title="Gus Van Sant">Gus Van Sant</a> and Daniel Yost (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Prawer_Jhabvala" title="Ruth Prawer Jhabvala">Ruth Prawer Jhabvala</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Jordan" title="Neil Jordan">Neil Jordan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Avary" title="Roger Avary">Roger Avary</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Thompson" title="Emma Thompson">Emma Thompson</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Brooks" title="Albert Brooks">Albert Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monica_Johnson" title="Monica Johnson">Monica Johnson</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Helgeland" title="Brian Helgeland">Brian Helgeland</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Norman" title="Marc Norman">Marc Norman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(writer)" title="Jim Taylor (writer)">Jim Taylor</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fellowes" title="Julian Fellowes">Julian Fellowes</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Charlie and Donald Kaufman</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Lucas" title="Craig Lucas">Craig Lucas</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Payne" title="Alexander Payne">Alexander Payne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Taylor_(writer)" title="Jim Taylor (writer)">Jim Taylor</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Baumbach" title="Noah Baumbach">Noah Baumbach</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Morgan" title="Peter Morgan">Peter Morgan</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Lumet" title="Jenny Lumet">Jenny Lumet</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Armstrong" title="Jesse Armstrong">Jesse Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Blackwell" title="Simon Blackwell">Simon Blackwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armando_Iannucci" title="Armando Iannucci">Armando Iannucci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Roche_(writer)" title="Tony Roche (writer)">Tony Roche</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Blumberg" title="Stuart Blumberg">Stuart Blumberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Cholodenko" title="Lisa Cholodenko">Lisa Cholodenko</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Zaillian" title="Steven Zaillian">Steven Zaillian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sorkin" title="Aaron Sorkin">Aaron Sorkin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stan_Chervin" title="Stan Chervin">Stan Chervin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Kushner" title="Tony Kushner">Tony Kushner</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Warren_Singer" title="Eric Warren Singer">Eric Warren Singer</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_O._Russell" title="David O. Russell">David O. Russell</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Anderson" title="Wes Anderson">Wes Anderson</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Nagy" title="Phyllis Nagy">Phyllis Nagy</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Thomas_Anderson" title="Paul Thomas Anderson">Paul Thomas Anderson</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Hittman" title="Eliza Hittman">Eliza Hittman</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Thomas_Anderson" title="Paul Thomas Anderson">Paul Thomas Anderson</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McDonagh" title="Martin McDonagh">Martin McDonagh</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samy_Burch" title="Samy Burch">Samy Burch</a> and Alex Mechanik (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2005_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2005_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2005 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2005_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:2005 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2005_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2005 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2005_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2005 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">2005</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harold Pinter</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2005 Nobel Peace Prize">2005</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">Mohamed ElBaradei</a> (Egypt)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber" title="Roy J. Glauber">Roy J. Glauber</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">John L. Hall</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Theodor W. Hänsch</a> (Germany)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Barry Marshall</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Robin Warren</a> (Australia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Aumann" title="Robert Aumann">Robert Aumann</a> (Israel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schelling" title="Thomas Schelling">Thomas Schelling</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2000 Nobel Prize winners">2000</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2001_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2001 Nobel Prize winners">2001</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2002_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2002 Nobel Prize winners">2002</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2003_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2003 Nobel Prize winners">2003</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2004 Nobel Prize winners">2004</a></dd> <dd>2005 </dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2006 Nobel Prize winners">2006</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2007_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2007 Nobel Prize winners">2007</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2008 Nobel Prize winners">2008</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2009_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2009 Nobel Prize winners">2009</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2010 Nobel Prize winners">2010</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature" title="List of Nobel laureates in Literature">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1920</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1901_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1901 Nobel Prize in Literature">1901</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme" title="Sully Prudhomme">Sully Prudhomme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1902 Nobel Prize in Literature">1902</a>: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1903 Nobel Prize in Literature">1903</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1904 Nobel Prize in Literature">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral" title="Frédéric Mistral">Frédéric Mistral</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray" title="José Echegaray">José Echegaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1905 Nobel Prize in Literature">1905</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1906 Nobel Prize in Literature">1906</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1907 Nobel Prize in Literature">1907</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1908 Nobel Prize in Literature">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken" title="Rudolf Christoph Eucken">Rudolf Eucken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1909 Nobel Prize in Literature">1909</a>: <a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1910 Nobel Prize in Literature">1910</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heyse" title="Paul Heyse">Paul Heyse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1911 Nobel Prize in Literature">1911</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck" title="Maurice Maeterlinck">Maurice Maeterlinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1912 Nobel Prize in Literature">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1913 Nobel Prize in Literature">1913</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1914 Nobel Prize in Literature">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1915 Nobel Prize in Literature">1915</a>: <a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1916 Nobel Prize in Literature">1916</a>: <a href="/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam" title="Verner von Heidenstam">Verner von Heidenstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1917 Nobel Prize in Literature">1917</a>: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup" title="Karl Adolph Gjellerup">Karl Gjellerup</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan" title="Henrik Pontoppidan">Henrik Pontoppidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1918 Nobel Prize in Literature">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1919 Nobel Prize in Literature">1919</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Spitteler" title="Carl Spitteler">Carl Spitteler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1920 Nobel Prize in Literature">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Knut_Hamsun" title="Knut Hamsun">Knut Hamsun</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1921–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1921_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1921 Nobel Prize in Literature">1921</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anatole_France" title="Anatole France">Anatole France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1922 Nobel Prize in Literature">1922</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1923</a>: <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1923 Nobel Prize in Literature">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont" title="Władysław Reymont">Władysław Reymont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1925 Nobel Prize in Literature">1925</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1926 Nobel Prize in Literature">1926</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grazia_Deledda" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1927 Nobel Prize in Literature">1927</a>: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bergson" title="Henri Bergson">Henri Bergson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1928 Nobel Prize in Literature">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1929 Nobel Prize in Literature">1929</a>: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mann" title="Thomas Mann">Thomas Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1930 Nobel Prize in Literature">1930</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis" title="Sinclair Lewis">Sinclair Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1931 Nobel Prize in Literature">1931</a>: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt" title="Erik Axel Karlfeldt">Erik Axel Karlfeldt</a> (posthumously)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1932 Nobel Prize in Literature">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Galsworthy" title="John Galsworthy">John Galsworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1933 Nobel Prize in Literature">1933</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bunin" title="Ivan Bunin">Ivan Bunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1934 Nobel Prize in Literature">1934</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1935 Nobel Prize in Literature">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1936 Nobel Prize in Literature">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1937 Nobel Prize in Literature">1937</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard" title="Roger Martin du Gard">Roger Martin du Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1938 Nobel Prize in Literature">1938</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1939 Nobel Prize in Literature">1939</a>: <a href="/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Frans Eemil Sillanpää">Frans Eemil Sillanpää</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1940 Nobel Prize in Literature">1940</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1941–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1941_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1941 Nobel Prize in Literature">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1942 Nobel Prize in Literature">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1943 Nobel Prize in Literature">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1944 Nobel Prize in Literature">1944</a>: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V._Jensen" title="Johannes V. Jensen">Johannes V. Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1945 Nobel Prize in Literature">1945</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral" title="Gabriela Mistral">Gabriela Mistral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1946 Nobel Prize in Literature">1946</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hesse" title="Hermann Hesse">Hermann Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1947 Nobel Prize in Literature">1947</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1948 Nobel Prize in Literature">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1949 Nobel Prize in Literature">1949</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1950 Nobel Prize in Literature">1950</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1951 Nobel Prize in Literature">1951</a>: <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist" title="Pär Lagerkvist">Pär Lagerkvist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1952 Nobel Prize in Literature">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac" title="François Mauriac">François Mauriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1953 Nobel Prize in Literature">1953</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1954 Nobel Prize in Literature">1954</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1955 Nobel Prize in Literature">1955</a>: <a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1956 Nobel Prize in Literature">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez" title="Juan Ramón Jiménez">Juan Ramón Jiménez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1957 Nobel Prize in Literature">1957</a>: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1958 Nobel Prize in Literature">1958</a>: <a href="/wiki/Boris_Pasternak" title="Boris Pasternak">Boris Pasternak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1959 Nobel Prize in Literature">1959</a>: <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1960 Nobel Prize in Literature">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint-John_Perse" title="Saint-John Perse">Saint-John Perse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1961_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1961 Nobel Prize in Literature">1961</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1962 Nobel Prize in Literature">1962</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1963 Nobel Prize in Literature">1963</a>: <a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis" title="Giorgos Seferis">Giorgos Seferis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1964 Nobel Prize in Literature">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (declined award)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1965 Nobel Prize in Literature">1965</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Sholokhov" title="Mikhail Sholokhov">Mikhail Sholokhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1966 Nobel Prize in Literature">1966</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon" title="Shmuel Yosef Agnon">Shmuel Yosef Agnon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sachs" title="Nelly Sachs">Nelly Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1967 Nobel Prize in Literature">1967</a>: <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1968 Nobel Prize in Literature">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1969 Nobel Prize in Literature">1969</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1970 Nobel Prize in Literature">1970</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1971 Nobel Prize in Literature">1971</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Neruda" title="Pablo Neruda">Pablo Neruda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1972 Nobel Prize in Literature">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll" title="Heinrich Böll">Heinrich Böll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1973 Nobel Prize in Literature">1973</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1974 Nobel Prize in Literature">1974</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson" title="Eyvind Johnson">Eyvind Johnson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Martinson" title="Harry Martinson">Harry Martinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1975 Nobel Prize in Literature">1975</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1976 Nobel Prize in Literature">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1977 Nobel Prize in Literature">1977</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre" title="Vicente Aleixandre">Vicente Aleixandre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1978 Nobel Prize in Literature">1978</a>: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer" title="Isaac Bashevis Singer">Isaac Bashevis Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1979 Nobel Prize in Literature">1979</a>: <a href="/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis" title="Odysseas Elytis">Odysseas Elytis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1980 Nobel Prize in Literature">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1981_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1981 Nobel Prize in Literature">1981</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1982 Nobel Prize in Literature">1982</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez" title="Gabriel García Márquez">Gabriel García Márquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1983 Nobel Prize in Literature">1983</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1984 Nobel Prize in Literature">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert" title="Jaroslav Seifert">Jaroslav Seifert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1985 Nobel Prize in Literature">1985</a>: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Simon" title="Claude Simon">Claude Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1986 Nobel Prize in Literature">1986</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wole_Soyinka" title="Wole Soyinka">Wole Soyinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1987 Nobel Prize in Literature">1987</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky">Joseph Brodsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1988 Nobel Prize in Literature">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz" title="Naguib Mahfouz">Naguib Mahfouz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1989 Nobel Prize in Literature">1989</a>: <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela" title="Camilo José Cela">Camilo José Cela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1990 Nobel Prize in Literature">1990</a>: <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1991 Nobel Prize in Literature">1991</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1992 Nobel Prize in Literature">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Walcott" title="Derek Walcott">Derek Walcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1993 Nobel Prize in Literature">1993</a>: <a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1994 Nobel Prize in Literature">1994</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1995 Nobel Prize in Literature">1995</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1996 Nobel Prize in Literature">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska" title="Wisława Szymborska">Wisława Szymborska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1997 Nobel Prize in Literature">1997</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1998 Nobel Prize in Literature">1998</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1999 Nobel Prize in Literature">1999</a>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2000 Nobel Prize in Literature">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gao_Xingjian" title="Gao Xingjian">Gao Xingjian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2001 Nobel Prize in Literature">2001</a>: <a href="/wiki/V._S._Naipaul" title="V. S. Naipaul">V. S. Naipaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2002 Nobel Prize in Literature">2002</a>: <a href="/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz" title="Imre Kertész">Imre Kertész</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2003 Nobel Prize in Literature">2003</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._Coetzee" title="J. M. Coetzee">J. M. Coetzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2004 Nobel Prize in Literature">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek" title="Elfriede Jelinek">Elfriede Jelinek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2005 Nobel Prize in Literature">2005</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harold Pinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2006 Nobel Prize in Literature">2006</a>: <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2007 Nobel Prize in Literature">2007</a>: <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2008 Nobel Prize in Literature">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio" title="J. M. G. Le Clézio">J. M. G. Le Clézio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2009 Nobel Prize in Literature">2009</a>: <a href="/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller" title="Herta Müller">Herta Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2010 Nobel Prize in Literature">2010</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa" title="Mario Vargas Llosa">Mario Vargas Llosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2011 Nobel Prize in Literature">2011</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer" title="Tomas Tranströmer">Tomas Tranströmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2012 Nobel Prize in Literature">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mo_Yan" title="Mo Yan">Mo Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2013 Nobel Prize in Literature">2013</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alice_Munro" title="Alice Munro">Alice Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2014 Nobel Prize in Literature">2014</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2015 Nobel Prize in Literature">2015</a>: <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2016 Nobel Prize in Literature">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2017 Nobel Prize in Literature">2017</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Ishiguro" title="Kazuo Ishiguro">Kazuo Ishiguro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2018 Nobel Prize in Literature">2018</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olga_Tokarczuk" title="Olga Tokarczuk">Olga Tokarczuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2019 Nobel Prize in Literature">2019</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handke" title="Peter Handke">Peter Handke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2020 Nobel Prize in Literature">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Glück</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2021 Nobel Prize in Literature">2021</a>: <a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2022 Nobel Prize in Literature">2022</a>: <a href="/wiki/Annie_Ernaux" title="Annie Ernaux">Annie Ernaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2023 Nobel Prize in Literature">2023</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jon_Fosse" title="Jon Fosse">Jon Fosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2024 Nobel Prize in Literature">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Han_Kang" title="Han Kang">Han Kang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Society_of_London_Theatre_Special_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #E0E0E0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OlivierAward_SpecialAward" title="Template:OlivierAward SpecialAward"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OlivierAward_SpecialAward" title="Template talk:OlivierAward SpecialAward"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OlivierAward_SpecialAward" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OlivierAward SpecialAward"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Society_of_London_Theatre_Special_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_London_Theatre_Special_Award" title="Society of London Theatre Special Award">Society of London Theatre Special Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wintour" title="Charles Wintour">Charles Wintour</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Littlewood" title="Joan Littlewood">Joan Littlewood</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ashcroft" title="Peggy Ashcroft">Peggy Ashcroft</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninette_de_Valois" title="Ninette de Valois">Ninette de Valois</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_MacMillan" title="Kenneth MacMillan">Kenneth MacMillan</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Wanamaker" title="Sam Wanamaker">Sam Wanamaker</a> (1994)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harold Pinter</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Harris" title="Margaret Harris">Margaret Harris</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Mirvish" title="Ed Mirvish">Ed Mirvish</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Mirvish" title="David Mirvish">David Mirvish</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hall_(director)" title="Peter Hall (director)">Peter Hall</a> (1999)</li> <li>Rupert Rhymes (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mendes" title="Sam Mendes">Sam Mendes</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Dench" title="Judi Dench">Judi Dench</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bennett" title="Alan Bennett">Alan Bennett</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tomlinson_(bass)" title="John Tomlinson (bass)">John Tomlinson</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ayckbourn" title="Alan Ayckbourn">Alan Ayckbourn</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monica_Mason" title="Monica Mason">Monica Mason</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Frayn" title="Michael Frayn">Michael Frayn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gillian_Lynne" title="Gillian Lynne">Gillian Lynne</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Hytner" title="Nicholas Hytner">Nicholas Hytner</a> & Nick Starr / <a href="/wiki/Michael_White_(producer)" title="Michael White (producer)">Michael White</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvie_Guillem" title="Sylvie Guillem">Sylvie Guillem</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lan" title="David Lan">David Lan</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bourne" title="Matthew Bourne">Matthew Bourne</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(lyricist)" title="Don Black (lyricist)">Don Black</a> / Jo Hawes / <a href="/wiki/Thelma_Holt" title="Thelma Holt">Thelma Holt</a> / Stephen Jameson / <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> / Sarah Preece / Peter Roberts (2020)</li> <li><s>(2021 Covid-19)</s></li> <li>Lisa Burger / Bob King / Gloria Louis / Susie Sainsbury / <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Young" title="Sylvia Young">Sylvia Young</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arlene_Phillips" title="Arlene Phillips">Arlene Phillips</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Angry_young_men" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angry_young_men" title="Template:Angry young men"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angry_young_men" title="Template talk:Angry young men"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angry_young_men" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angry young men"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Angry_young_men" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><q><a href="/wiki/Angry_young_men" title="Angry young men">Angry young men</a></q></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Associated writers</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Amis" title="Kingsley Amis">Kingsley Amis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Arden" title="John Arden">John Arden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Barstow" title="Stan Barstow">Stan Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bond" title="Edward Bond">Edward Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Braine" title="John Braine">John Braine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hastings_(playwright)" title="Michael Hastings (playwright)">Michael Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hinde_(novelist)" title="Thomas Hinde (novelist)">Thomas Hinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Holroyd" title="Stuart Holroyd">Stuart Holroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hopkins_(novelist)" title="Bill Hopkins (novelist)">Bill Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne" title="John Osborne">John Osborne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Harold Pinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sillitoe" title="Alan Sillitoe">Alan Sillitoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Storey" title="David Storey">David Storey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tynan" title="Kenneth Tynan">Kenneth Tynan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wain" title="John Wain">John Wain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Waterhouse" title="Keith Waterhouse">Keith Waterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Wesker" title="Arnold Wesker">Arnold Wesker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Wilson" title="Colin Wilson">Colin Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Liar" title="Billy Liar">Billy Liar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_(anthology)" title="Declaration (anthology)">Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Divine_and_the_Decay" title="The Divine and the Decay">The Divine and the Decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergence_from_Chaos" title="Emergence from Chaos">Emergence from Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Entertainer_(play)" title="The Entertainer (play)">The Entertainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Kind_of_Loving_(novel)" title="A Kind of Loving (novel)">A Kind of Loving</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Loneliness_of_the_Long-Distance_Runner" title="The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner">The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_Back_in_Anger" title="Look Back in Anger">Look Back in Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Jim" title="Lucky Jim">Lucky Jim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Outsider_(Colin_Wilson)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Outsider (Colin Wilson)">The Outsider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_at_the_Top_(novel)" title="Room at the Top (novel)">Room at the Top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_and_Sunday_Morning" title="Saturday Night and Sunday Morning">Saturday Night and Sunday Morning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saved_(play)" title="Saved (play)">Saved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serjeant_Musgrave%27s_Dance" title="Serjeant Musgrave's Dance">Serjeant Musgrave's Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Sporting_Life_(novel)" title="This Sporting Life (novel)">This Sporting Life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Movement_(literature)" title="The Movement (literature)">The Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41042#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41042#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41042#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121415641">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/83076151">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1732308/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxH3jmQfdVGxhV8mFqvpP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118594494">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79125182">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11919883z">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11919883z">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00452867">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV007060">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35423930">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990006574&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1098907">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/90492">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06839814X">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90054019">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000158199&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000027666&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000855868">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=65961">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199621762">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/1zcfg92k2n2nkqr">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810631730305606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266667505171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058520032806706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00843553?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6d9fd654-71aa-4ce7-b344-bf77bb0c4f93">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adk.de/de/akademie/mitglieder/?we_objectID=51413">ADK</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/947680">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118594494.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118594494">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027074617">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61c1v5w">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harold_Pinter&oldid=1254861744">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harold_Pinter&oldid=1254861744</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harold_Pinter" title="Category:Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1930_births" title="Category:1930 births">1930 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2008_deaths" title="Category:2008 deaths">2008 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_atheists" title="Category:20th-century atheists">20th-century atheists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_British_essayists" title="Category:20th-century British essayists">20th-century British essayists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_dramatists_and_playwrights" title="Category:20th-century English dramatists and playwrights">20th-century English dramatists and playwrights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_English_novelists" title="Category:20th-century English novelists">20th-century English novelists</a></li><li><a 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English dramatists and playwrights">21st-century English dramatists and playwrights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_English_poets" title="Category:21st-century English poets">21st-century English poets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_English_screenwriters" title="Category:21st-century English screenwriters">21st-century English screenwriters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_English_short_story_writers" title="Category:21st-century English short story writers">21st-century English short story writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Dramatic_Art" title="Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art">Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_the_Royal_Central_School_of_Speech_and_Drama" title="Category:Alumni of the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama">Alumni of the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama</a></li><li><a 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