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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Division of the text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_of_the_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concordance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concordance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Concordance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concordance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_between_the_Old_English_Daniel_and_Biblical_Daniel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_between_the_Old_English_Daniel_and_Biblical_Daniel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Differences between the Old English <i>Daniel</i> and Biblical <i>Daniel</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_between_the_Old_English_Daniel_and_Biblical_Daniel-sublist" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Anonymous Old English poem based on the biblical Book of Daniel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard vevent;" style="text-align:left; font-size: 88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn summary" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;"><i>Daniel</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bodleian_Libraries,_C%C3%A6dmon_Manuscript_173.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bodleian_Libraries%2C_C%C3%A6dmon_Manuscript_173.jpg/250px-Bodleian_Libraries%2C_C%C3%A6dmon_Manuscript_173.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bodleian_Libraries%2C_C%C3%A6dmon_Manuscript_173.jpg/375px-Bodleian_Libraries%2C_C%C3%A6dmon_Manuscript_173.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bodleian_Libraries%2C_C%C3%A6dmon_Manuscript_173.jpg/500px-Bodleian_Libraries%2C_C%C3%A6dmon_Manuscript_173.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The first page of <i>Daniel</i> in MS Junius 11.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left">anonymous</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State of existence</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left">two poems, A and B; possibly unfinished</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Manuscript(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Junius_manuscript" title="Junius manuscript">Junius manuscript</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left">poetry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Verse form</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left">alliterative</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left">764 lines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subject</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left">based on the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Personages</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Three Youths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Daniel</b></i> is an anonymous <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> poem based loosely on the Biblical <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a>, found in the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dmon_Manuscript" class="mw-redirect" title="Cædmon Manuscript">Junius Manuscript</a>. The author and the date of <i>Daniel</i> are unknown. Critics have argued that <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dmon" title="Cædmon">Cædmon</a> is the author of the poem, but this theory has been since disproven.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>Daniel</i>, as it is preserved, is 764 lines long. There have been numerous arguments that there was originally more to this poem than survives today. The majority of scholars, however, dismiss these arguments with the evidence that the text finishes at the bottom of a page, and that there is a simple point, which translators assume indicates the end of a complete sentence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>Daniel</i> contains a plethora of lines which Old English scholars refer to as “<a href="/wiki/Hypermetric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypermetric">hypermetric</a>” or long. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a> is one of the four major <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> prophets, along with <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a>. The biblical story works through questions of faith and persecution; the poem deals mainly with <a href="/wiki/Pride" title="Pride">pride</a>. The Old English Daniel is a warning against pride and there are three warnings in the story. The <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> were conquered because they lost faith in God, who delivered them from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, and started worshiping <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">idols</a> and this is the first prideful act. The second and third warnings are about internal pride, shown to <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a> through Daniel's <a href="/wiki/Dream_interpretation" title="Dream interpretation">dream interpretations</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adrianoupolitis_Konstantinos_-_The_story_of_Daniel_and_the_Three_Youths_in_the_Fiery_Furnace_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Adrianoupolitis_Konstantinos_-_The_story_of_Daniel_and_the_Three_Youths_in_the_Fiery_Furnace_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Adrianoupolitis_Konstantinos_-_The_story_of_Daniel_and_the_Three_Youths_in_the_Fiery_Furnace_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Adrianoupolitis_Konstantinos_-_The_story_of_Daniel_and_the_Three_Youths_in_the_Fiery_Furnace_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Adrianoupolitis_Konstantinos_-_The_story_of_Daniel_and_the_Three_Youths_in_the_Fiery_Furnace_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Adrianoupolitis_Konstantinos_-_The_story_of_Daniel_and_the_Three_Youths_in_the_Fiery_Furnace_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Adrianoupolitis_Konstantinos_-_The_story_of_Daniel_and_the_Three_Youths_in_the_Fiery_Furnace_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2130" data-file-height="2874" /></a><figcaption>The story of Daniel and the Three Youths in the Fiery Furnace</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Daniel_(Old_English_poem)" title="Special:EditPage/Daniel (Old English poem)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Old English Daniel is based only loosely on the Biblical <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a> from which it draws its inspiration. Daniel ignores the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">apocalyptic and prophetic writing</a> found towards the end of the Biblical source, and focuses instead on the first five chapters of the narrative. The poem also leaves out <a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_the_lions%27_den" title="Daniel in the lions' den">Daniel being thrown into the lions’ den</a>. </p><p>The primary focus of the Old English author was that of the <a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Three Youths</a>, Daniel and their encounters with the <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> king <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a> (OE Nabuchodnossor). The three men and Daniel were around the age 14 when they were taken away. The three youths are named Ananias, Misael and Azarias. Daniel is called <i>aethele cnithas</i>, meaning that he was to be trained a servant for the king. Daniel was put into servitude and him and the youths were likely made <a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuchs</a>. The speculation comes because the master of the eunuchs trained the youths in <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_(supernatural)" title="Magic (supernatural)">magic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrology</a>. </p><p>The poem’s first lines speak of the glory of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, but then the poem quickly speaks of how prideful the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> had become. Then the poem mentions that Israel was conquered for worshiping <a href="/wiki/Cult_image" title="Cult image">idols</a> and putting too much faith in man as opposed to God. Daniel is briefly mentioned in the first hundred lines of the poem, but he shows up to interpret God’s signs to Nebuchadnezzar. Daniel was given a new name, Baltassar, when he was made a servant and the other three youths were given new names as well, <a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Sidrach, Misach, and Abdenago</a>. At the end of their three-year training, the king found that they excelled at everything that they were trained in, so he placed them in high places in his court. Daniel soon got to show off his great wisdom because he succeeded when all the other <a href="/wiki/Magician_(fantasy)" title="Magician (fantasy)">magicians</a> in the kingdom had failed. Daniel was able to recite and <a href="/wiki/Dream_interpretation" title="Dream interpretation">interpret King Nebuchadnezzar’s dreams</a>. </p><p>Daniel is able to interpret the king’s dream and show him that his pride is becoming out of control, however King Nebuchadnezzar is quick to forget what Daniel told him. The poem then talks about the three youths being <a href="/wiki/Death_by_burning" title="Death by burning">thrown into the “fiery furnace”</a> for not being subservient and worshiping the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian gods">Babylonian gods</a>. The furnace is supposed to represent the end for the youths and the youths represent faith in God. The furnace was so hot that the men who threw them in perished. An <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angel</a> of God protected the youths from the flames of the furnace. Nebuchadnezzar was told that the men were alive and when he looked into the furnace he saw four men in the furnace and the three youth were unbound. Nebuchadnezzar then told the men to come out of the furnace; he then saw the power of God and gave the men promotions in his court. </p><p>The poem says that Nebuchadnezzar is the most arrogant of men (Daniel, i 614). So God punishes him for his wickedness and castes him into exile for a while, but when he comes back he hasn’t changed his ways. So God eventually causes his kingdom to fall to another king, Cyrus the Mede (<a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>). King Nebuchadnezzar has another dream the night before his kingdom falls. He is flustered and scared because of what the dream showed him. Before, no one in the country could tell the king the dream's meaning, then Daniel recites and interprets the king’s dream for him. Daniel is quick to point out his pride and Nebuchadnezzar changes his ways quickly, but he is too late. The poem points out that Daniel knows what the dream means but he is almost too afraid to tell his king. </p><p><i>Daniel 523-55</i> </p><p>"Then the earthly king awoke from his sleep, the dream was at an end. He stood in fright, terrified from the spirit that God sent him. The ill-tempered leader then summoned the whole land. The prideful king then asked all the good men what the dream meant, they knew not how to interpret the dream but they knew an alternative. Daniel, God’s <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a>, had the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">holy spirit</a> give his soul support. Deep within his heart the guardian helped him craft wise words. Again he showed them many wonders, mighty works of God, for men to behold. Then he, the proud and <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">pagan</a> leader, spoke certain words, beginning with the dream, spoke of the horror shown to him. He asked what the dream had to offer, hiding in his heart, he asked Daniel to speak truthful words on what the dream had meant. He ask the wise man to answer his fate. He then was silent; however Daniel understood the truth and understood that his lord was guilty with God. Though hesitant the guide spoke..." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Division_of_the_text">Division of the text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Division of the text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Daniel_(Old_English_poem)" title="Special:EditPage/Daniel (Old English poem)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many scholars divide Daniel into two parts, Daniel A and Daniel B. Daniel A is a retelling of the beginning of the Book of Daniel. Daniel B is read by some scholars to be a version of the Old English poem Azarias in the <a href="/wiki/Exeter_Book" title="Exeter Book">Exeter Book</a>, which is almost identical in lines 1-71, but less similar in the lines following. Although Daniel B comes later in the poem, it is read as a prayer for deliverance although deliverance is already granted in the first half of the poem (Daniel A). This fact has led many Old English scholars to view Daniel B as an <a href="/wiki/Interpolation" title="Interpolation">interpolation</a>. There are many other factors supporting this claim, including differences in vocabulary and metrical usage. Yet another piece of evidence that Daniel B seems to be an addition to the original poem lies in the general content of early Old English Christian poetry. Daniel B seems to emphasize the allegorical meaning of the Book of Daniel, which is drastically different from the majority of Old English Christian Poetry written around the approximated date of Daniel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concordance">Concordance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Concordance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Book of Daniel (Vulgate) </th> <th>Old English <i>Daniel</i> </th> <th>Comments </th> <th>Old English <i>Azarias</i> </th> <th>Narrative contents </th></tr> <tr> <td>1:1—3:24 </td> <td>lines 1—278 </td> <td><i>Daniel A</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Introduction; Daniel interprets Nebuchadnezzar's first dream; the Three Youths cast into the Fiery Furnace. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3:25—3:50 </td> <td>lines 279—361 </td> <td><i>Daniel B</i> </td> <td>lines 1-71 </td> <td>Song of Azarias; introduction to the Song of the Three Children. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3:52—3:90 </td> <td>lines 362—408 </td> <td><i>Daniel B</i> </td> <td>lines 72-161a </td> <td>The Song of the Three Children. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3:81—Chapter 5 </td> <td>lines 409—764 </td> <td><i>Daniel A</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>The Three Youths survive; Nebuchadnezzar's second dream; his exile and return; prophecy of end of Babylonian reign and <a href="/wiki/Belshazzar" title="Belshazzar">Belshazzar</a>'s death. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences_between_the_Old_English_Daniel_and_Biblical_Daniel">Differences between the Old English <i>Daniel</i> and Biblical <i>Daniel</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Differences between the Old English Daniel and Biblical Daniel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Daniel_(Old_English_poem)" title="Special:EditPage/Daniel (Old English poem)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some scholars<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (March 2015)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> insist that the <i>Daniel</i> poet was much more interested in the literal interpretation of the Book of Daniel, but others<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (March 2015)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> illustrate the author's intention to write allegorically. In the Biblical Book, King Nebuchadnezzar wishes to educate Daniel, but the dramatized OE <i>Daniel</i> has Nebuchadnezzar trying to acquire Daniel's wisdom. This change sets the character of Daniel in a way more consistent with the Old English hero. The three youths are named Ananias, Misael, and Azarias. Daniel is called "aethele cnithas", meaning that he was to be trained a servant for the king. Daniel was put into servitude and him and the youths were also probably made eunuchs, the speculation comes because the master of the eunuchs trained the youths in divination, magic, and astrology. In the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, the 2nd century B.C.E. Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, Daniel is also called "archi-eunouchos", which translates to “chief eunuch”; in the Latin <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a>, Daniel is also called "praepositus eunuchorum". This is something that is not mentioned the Old English Daniel. Another stark contrast is the inclusion of the author's version of the <a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Azarias</a> and the introduction to the <a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a>. These differences and many others are thought to indicate that the unknown author of <i>Daniel</i> was not simply paraphrasing the Biblical book, but was in fact original in his composition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (March 2015)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_assessment">Critical assessment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Critical assessment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The abrupt ending of the poem seems to denote that the work was unfinished. This assumption is based on the idea that <i>Daniel</i> is a mere translation of the Bible. However, the poem’s focus diverges from that of the Bible in an attempt to state a more distinctive message about pride. The poem achieves this by being less concerned about conveying details of the dreams and Daniel’s prophecies. As the role of Daniel diminishes, the message of pride and humility can be more prevalent and in turn causes Nebuchadnezzar’s role to be increasingly important.<sup id="cite_ref-Harbes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harbes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author creates a new perspective by using Nebuchadnezzar. The focus then shifts from Daniel’s prophetic gift to consequences of pride.<sup id="cite_ref-Harbes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harbes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also, then, a stronger link between pride and God’s judgment of pride. This is because Daniel takes on the sole role of being the giver of God’s warnings.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Had the author then added Daniel in the Lion’s den, there would have been a shift of focus on Daniel. As a result, Daniel would overshadow the warnings of pride. Also, the accounts that are given in <i>Daniel</i> all have a message about pride and arrogance. In conclusion, <i>Daniel</i> is not just a poetic form of the Biblical book, but rather part of the same story with a different perspective. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadrach,_Meshach,_and_Abednego" title="Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego">Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel (Bible)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Harbes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harbes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harbes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harbes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Remely.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Editions and translations</dt></dl> <ul><li>Krapp, G. (ed.). <i>The Junius Manuscript</i>. The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Record 1. New York, 1931. 111-32.</li> <li>Bradley, S.A.J. (tr.). <i>Anglo-Saxon Poetry</i>. London; David Campbell, 1995. 66-86.</li> <li>R.T. Farrell,<i>Daniel and Azarias</i>, 1974</li> <li><i>Daniel</i> is edited along with digital images of its manuscript pages, and translated, in the <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uw.digitalmappa.org/58">Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project</a></i></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <dl><dt>Secondary literature</dt></dl> <ul><li>Anderson, E.R. "Style and Theme in the Old English <i>Daniel</i>." <i>English Studies</i> 68 (1987): 1-23. Reprinted in: <i>The Poems of MS Junius</i>, ed. R.M. Liuzza. New York & London: Routledge, 2002. 229-60.</li> <li>Bosse, Roberta Bux and Jennifer Lee Wyatt. "Hrothgar and Nebuchadnezzar. Conversion in Old English Verse." PPL. 257-71.</li> <li>Bugge, John. "Virginity and prophecy in the Old English <i>Daniel</i>." <i>English Studies</i> 87.2 (April 2006): 127-47.</li> <li>Caie, Graham D. "The Old English <i>Daniel</i>: A Warning Against Pride." <i>English Studies</i> 59 (1978): 1-9.</li> <li>George, J.-A. "<i>Hwalas ðec herigað</i>: Creation, Closure and the Hapax Legomena of the OE <i>Daniel</i>." In <i>A Festschrift in Honour of Prof. Jane Roberts' 65th Birthday</i>, eds. Christian Kay and Louise Sylvester. Rodopi, 2000.</li> <li>George, J.-A. "<i>Daniel</i> 416-29: An 'Identity Crisis' Resolved?'" <i>Medium Ævum</i> 60.1 (1991): 73-6.</li> <li>George, J.-A. "Repentance and Retribution: The Use of the Book of Daniel in Old and Middle English Texts." <i>The John Rylands Library Bulletin</i> 77.3 (1995): 177-92.</li> <li>Harbus, Antonina. "Nebuchadnezzar's dreams in the Old English <i>Daniel</i>." <i>English Studies</i> 75.6 (Nov. 1994): 489-508.</li> <li>Remley, Paul G. <i>Old English Biblical Verse: Studies in Genesis, Exodus, and Daniel.</i> Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 16. Cambridge and New York: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">CUP</a>, 1996.</li> <li>Remley, Paul G. "<i>Daniel</i>, the Three Youths Fragment and the Transmission of Old English Verse." <i>Anglo-Saxon England</i> 31 (2002): 81-140.</li> <li>Sharma, Manish. "Nebuchadnezzar and the Defiance of Measure in the Old English<i> Daniel</i>." <i>English Studies</i> 86.2 (April 2005): 103-26.</li> <li>Encyclopedic entries in: <ul><li><i>Medieval England: An Encyclopedia</i>, eds. Paul E. Szarmach, M. Teresa Tavormina, Joel T. Rosenthal. New York: Garland Pub., 1998.</li> <li><i>The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England</i>, ed. Michael Lapidge. Oxford, 1991.</li> <li><i>Dictionary of the Middle Ages</i>, ed. Joseph R. Strayer.</li> <li><i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i></li> <li><i>Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages</i>, ed. Andre Vauchez; 2002.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Old English poem "Daniel" is fully edited and annotated, with digital images of its manuscript pages, in the <i>Old English Poetry in Facsimile Project</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://oepoetryfacsimile.org/">https://oepoetryfacsimile.org/</a> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Nowell_Codex" title="Nowell Codex">Nowell Codex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judith_(poem)" title="Judith (poem)">Judith</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Junius_manuscript" title="Junius manuscript">Junius MS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_A" title="Genesis A">Genesis A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genesis_B" title="Genesis B">B</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exodus_(poem)" title="Exodus (poem)">Exodus</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_and_Satan" title="Christ and Satan">Christ and Satan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vercelli_Book" title="Vercelli Book">Vercelli Book</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Andreas_(poem)" title="Andreas (poem)">Andreas</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Fates_of_the_Apostles" title="The Fates of the Apostles">The Fates of the Apostles</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soul_and_Body" title="Soul and Body">Soul and Body I</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dream_of_the_Rood" class="mw-redirect" title="Dream of the Rood">Dream of the Rood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elene_(poem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elene (poem)">Elene</a></i></li> <li>"Homiletic Fragment I"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exeter_Book" title="Exeter Book">Exeter Book</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Christ_I" title="Christ I">Christ I</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Christ_II" title="Christ II">Christ II</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Christ_III" title="Christ III">Christ III</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Guthlac_poems_A_and_B" title="Guthlac poems A and B">Guthlac A, B</a>"</li> <li>"Azarias"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_(Old_English_poem)" title="The Phoenix (Old English poem)">The Phoenix</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Juliana_(poem)" title="Juliana (poem)">Juliana</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Wanderer_(Old_English_poem)" title="The Wanderer (Old English poem)">The Wanderer</a>"</li> <li>"The Gifts of Men"</li> <li>"Precepts"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Seafarer_(poem)" title="The Seafarer (poem)">The Seafarer</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vainglory_(Old_English_poem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vainglory (Old English poem)">Vainglory</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Widsith" title="Widsith">Widsith</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Fortunes_of_Men" title="The Fortunes of Men">The Fortunes of Men</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Maxims_(Old_English_poems)" title="Maxims (Old English poems)">Maxims I</a>"</li> <li>"The Order of the World"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Rhyming_Poem" title="The Rhyming Poem">The Rhyming Poem</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Panther_(Old_English_poem)" title="The Panther (Old English poem)">The Panther</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Aspidochelone#In_The_Whale" title="Aspidochelone">The Whale</a>"</li> <li>"The Partridge"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Soul_and_Body" title="Soul and Body">Soul and Body II</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deor" title="Deor">Deor</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wulf_and_Eadwacer" title="Wulf and Eadwacer">Wulf and Eadwacer</a>"</li> <li>Riddles <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_riddles" title="Anglo-Saxon riddles">1–59</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Wife%27s_Lament" title="The Wife's Lament">The Wife's Lament</a>"</li> <li>"The Judgment Day I"</li> <li>"Resignation"</li> <li>"The Descent into Hell"</li> <li>"Alms-Giving"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh_(Old_English_poem)" title="Pharaoh (Old English poem)">Pharaoh</a>"</li> <li>"The Lord's Prayer I"</li> <li>"Homiletic Fragment II"</li> <li>Riddle <a href="/wiki/Exeter_Book_Riddle_30" title="Exeter Book Riddle 30">30b</a></li> <li>Riddle <a href="/wiki/Exeter_Book_Riddle_60" title="Exeter Book Riddle 60">60</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Husband%27s_Message" title="The Husband's Message">The Husband's Message</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ruin" title="The Ruin">The Ruin</a>"</li> <li>Riddles <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_riddles" title="Anglo-Saxon riddles">61–95</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_metrical_charms" title="Anglo-Saxon metrical charms">Metrical charms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/%C3%86cerbot" title="Æcerbot">Æcerbot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Against_a_dwarf" title="Against a dwarf">Against a dwarf</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Against_a_Wen" title="Against a Wen">Against a Wen</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Journey_Charm" title="A Journey Charm">A Journey Charm</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_a_Swarm_of_Bees" title="For a Swarm of Bees">For a Swarm of Bees</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_Loss_or_Theft_of_Cattle" title="For Loss or Theft of Cattle">For Loss or Theft of Cattle</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_Delayed_Birth" title="For Delayed Birth">For Delayed Birth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_Water-Elf_Disease" title="For Water-Elf Disease">For Water-Elf Disease</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nine_Herbs_Charm" title="Nine Herbs Charm">Nine Herbs Charm</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wi%C3%B0_f%C3%A6rstice" title="Wið færstice">Wið færstice</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Chronicle</a> poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh_(poem)" title="Battle of Brunanburh (poem)">Battle of Brunanburh</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Five_Boroughs" title="Capture of the Five Boroughs">Capture of the Five Boroughs</a>"</li> <li>"The Coronation of Edgar"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_King_Edgar" title="The Death of King Edgar">The Death of King Edgar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Alfred" title="The Death of Alfred">The Death of Alfred</a>"</li> <li>"The Death of Edward"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Rime_of_King_William" title="The Rime of King William">The Rime of King William</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Old_English_Boethius" class="mw-redirect" title="The Old English Boethius">Metres of Boethius</a>"</li> <li>"Paris Psalter" (BNF MS 8824)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Finnesburg_Fragment" title="Finnesburg Fragment">Finnsburh Fragment</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Waldere" title="Waldere">Waldere A, B</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Maldon" title="The Battle of Maldon">The Battle of Maldon</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Durham_(poem)" title="Durham (poem)">Durham</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_English_rune_poem" title="Old English rune poem">Rune poem</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_and_Saturn" title="Solomon and Saturn">Solomon and Saturn</a></i></li> <li>"The Menologium"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Maxims_(Old_English_poems)" title="Maxims (Old English poems)">Maxims II</a>"</li> <li>"Proverb from Winfrid's time"</li> <li>"Judgment Day II"</li> <li>"An Exhortation to Christian Living"</li> <li>"A Summons to Prayer"</li> <li>"The Lord's Prayer II"</li> <li>"The Gloria I"</li> <li>"The Lord's Prayer III"</li> <li>"The Creed"</li> <li>"Old English Psalms" (fragments)</li> <li>"The Kentish Hymn"</li> <li>"Psalm 50"</li> <li>"The Gloria II"</li> <li>"A Prayer"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thureth" title="Thureth">Thureth</a>"</li> <li>"Aldhelm"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Seasons_for_Fasting" class="mw-redirect" title="The Seasons for Fasting">The Seasons for Fasting</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dmon%27s_Hymn" title="Cædmon's Hymn">Cædmon's "Hymn"</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bede%27s_Death_Song" title="Bede's Death Song">Bede's Death Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Leiden_Riddle" title="Leiden Riddle">Leiden Riddle</a>"</li> <li>"Latin-English Proverbs"</li> <li>Metrical Preface and Epilogue to Alfred's <i>Hierdeboc</i></li> <li>Metrical Preface to <a href="/wiki/W%C3%A6rferth" class="mw-redirect" title="Wærferth">Wærferth</a>'s translation of the <i>Dialogues</i></li> <li>Metrical Epilogue to CCCC MS 41</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Cross" title="Brussels Cross">Brussels Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthwell_Cross" title="Ruthwell Cross">Ruthwell Cross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldhelm" title="Aldhelm">Aldhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A6dmon" title="Cædmon">Cædmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynewulf" title="Cynewulf">Cynewulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliterative_verse" title="Alliterative verse">Alliterative verse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beasts_of_battle" title="Beasts of battle">Beasts of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennings" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennings">Kennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Translating_Beowulf" title="On Translating Beowulf">On Translating <i>Beowulf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scop" title="Scop">Scop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&oldid=1235242893">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Old_English_poem)&oldid=1235242893</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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