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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry&params=48_10_25.16_N_11_34_34.09_E_dim:100_scale:1000_region:DE-BY_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°10′25.16″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°34′34.09″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.1736556°N 11.5761361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.1736556; 11.5761361</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Scientific institute in Munich, Germany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MPI_fuer_Psychiatrie_Muenchen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MPI_fuer_Psychiatrie_Muenchen.JPG/220px-MPI_fuer_Psychiatrie_Muenchen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MPI_fuer_Psychiatrie_Muenchen.JPG/330px-MPI_fuer_Psychiatrie_Muenchen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MPI_fuer_Psychiatrie_Muenchen.JPG/440px-MPI_fuer_Psychiatrie_Muenchen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2201" data-file-height="1825" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">West wing of the institute</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">February 13, 1917<span class="noprint">; 108 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1917-02-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Scientific institute</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Research in <a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">state of Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry&params=48_10_25.16_N_11_34_34.09_E_dim:100_scale:1000_region:DE-BY_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°10′25.16″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°34′34.09″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.1736556°N 11.5761361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.1736556; 11.5761361</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emil_Kraepelin" title="Emil Kraepelin">Emil Kraepelin</a> <small>(founder)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Society" title="Max Planck Society">Max Planck Society</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpipsykl.mpg.de/en"><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">German Institute for Psychiatric Research</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie</i>) is a scientific institute based in the city of <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> specializing in <a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatry</a>. Currently directed by Elisabeth Binder and <a href="/wiki/Alon_Chen" title="Alon Chen">Alon Chen</a>, it is one of the 81 institutes in the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Society" title="Max Planck Society">Max Planck Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The institute was founded as the German Institute for Psychiatric Research (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_III_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig III of Bavaria">King Ludwig III of Bavaria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> on February 13, 1917. The main force behind the institute was the psychiatrist <a href="/wiki/Emil_Kraepelin" title="Emil Kraepelin">Emil Kraepelin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Substantial funding was received from the Jewish-American banker <a href="/wiki/James_Loeb" title="James Loeb">James Loeb</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as from the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>, well into the 1930s. The institute became affiliated with the K. W. Society for the Advancement of Science (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften</i>) in 1924. </p><p>In 1928 a new building of the institute was opened at 2 Kraepelinstrasse. The building was financed primarily by a donation of $325,000 from the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>. Under the leadership of department heads <a href="/wiki/Walther_Spielmeyer" title="Walther Spielmeyer">Walther Spielmeyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%BCdin" title="Ernst Rüdin">Ernst Rüdin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Plaut" title="Felix Plaut">Felix Plaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schneider" title="Kurt Schneider">Kurt Schneider</a> and Franz Jahnel, the institute gained an international reputation as a leading institution for psychiatric research.<sup id="cite_ref-History_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rudin, a student of Kraepelin's, took over the directorship of the institute in 1931, while also remaining head of genetics. As well as fostering an international scientific reputation, the institute developed close ties with the Nazi regime. Rudin (along with <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Fischer" title="Eugen Fischer">Eugen Fischer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Institute_of_Anthropology,_Human_Heredity,_and_Eugenics" title="Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics">Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics</a>) joined expert government committees. Rudin wrote the official commentary endorsing the forced sterilization laws. He was such an avid proponent that colleagues nicknamed him the "Reichsfuhrer for Sterilization".<sup id="cite_ref-inhumanity_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inhumanity-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-missing_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-missing-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Felix Plaut (in 1935) and Kurt Neubürger were dismissed from the institute due to their <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jews_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jews in Germany">Jewish origin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-History_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Copies of Rudin's lecture notes show that his teaching at the institute was <a href="/wiki/Anti-semitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-semitic">anti-semitic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-postwar_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postwar-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute received a great deal of government funding, which was openly designed to further the Nazi regime's aims.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some institute funds seem to have gone on to support the work of institute employee <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Deussen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Deussen (page does not exist)">Julius Deussen</a> with <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schneider" title="Carl Schneider">Carl Schneider</a> at <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">Heidelberg University</a>, clinical research which from the beginning involving killing children.<sup id="cite_ref-man_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-man-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-missing_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-missing-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, the institute's facilities sustained much damage.<sup id="cite_ref-History_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, Rudin claimed he was just an academic, had only heard rumours of the killing of psychiatric patients at nearby asylums, and that he hated the Nazis. He was supported by former institute colleague <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Kallmann" title="Franz Josef Kallmann">Josef Kallmann</a> (a eugenicist himself) and famous quantum physicist <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (March 2015)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and released with a 500 mark fine.<sup id="cite_ref-postwar_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postwar-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1954 the institute was incorporated into the Max Planck Society (as successive institution of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften under maintenance of the foundation of 1917). The institute was divided into an Institute of Brain Pathology and a Clinical Institute, both at 2 Kraepelinstrasse. Twelve years later in 1966, the institute was renamed as the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. In the same year, a new research clinic was opened in Kraepelinstrasse 10.<sup id="cite_ref-History_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984 the theoretical part of the institute moved to a new building in <a href="/wiki/Martinsried" title="Martinsried">Martinsried</a>, west of Munich. The Departments of Neurochemistry, Neuromorphology, Neuropharmacology and Neurophysiology were moved there. The Clinical Department, the Departments of Ethology and Psychology remained in Kraepelinstrasse. The independent Research Center of Psychopathology and Psychotherapy were closed.<sup id="cite_ref-History_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989 the institute's building in Kraepelinstrasse was renovated and enlarged with the addition of a new laboratory wing.<sup id="cite_ref-History_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998 the theoretical part and the clinical part of the institute segregated. The theoretical division of the institute became the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Neurobiology" title="Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology">Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology</a> and the clinical part kept the name "Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry".<sup id="cite_ref-History_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The institute is one of the leading research centers on <a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatry</a>. <a href="/wiki/Physicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Physicians">Physicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychologists">psychologists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Natural_science" title="Natural science">natural scientists</a> conduct research on psychiatric and on the development of diagnosis and treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Research_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Research-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many patients participate in different clinical trials each year. Extensive phenotyping of the patients with analysis of blood and fluid samples, clinical psychopathology and neuropsychological testing, neurophysiological methods, neuroimaging techniques, and protein and gene analyses form the basis to investigate the causation of complex psychiatric and neurological diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-Research_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Research-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept of the institute is based on a suitable balance between clinical and laboratory research. Research groups work on topics such as <a href="/wiki/Stress_(psychological)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stress (psychological)">stress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Posttraumatic stress disorder">Posttraumatic stress disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychopharmacology" title="Psychopharmacology">psychopharmacology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">sleep</a>, and other topics.<sup id="cite_ref-Profile_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Profile-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institute consists of a 120-bed clinic equipped with laboratories for research on sleep physiology, several special wards, a dayclinic for depression and psychiatry and various laboratories for cell and molecular biology.<sup id="cite_ref-Profile_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Profile-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_services">Medical services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medical services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The institute provides medical service for psychiatric and neurological disorders. It has a hospital, dayclinic for depression and psychiatry and several outpatient clinics. The hospital consists of four psychiatric and one neurological ward with 120 beds. It treats about 2000 inpatients per year.<sup id="cite_ref-MS_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institute provides treatment for <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety_disorder" title="Anxiety disorder">anxiety disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleep_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleep disorders">sleep disorders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morbus_Parkinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Morbus Parkinson">Morbus Parkinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MS_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are the primary heads of the institute's respective departments: </p><p><b>Scientific directors</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Binder" title="Elisabeth Binder">Elisabeth Binder</a> (managing director)</li> <li>Alon Chen</li> <li>Nadine Gogolla<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Interim Head of Clinic</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Falkai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Falkai (page does not exist)">Peter Falkai</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Brain Research">Max Planck Institute for Brain Research</a> (Frankfurt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Psychiatry" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Psychiatry">Institute of Psychiatry</a> (UK)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpg.de/institutes.html">"Max Planck Institutes"</a>. Max Planck Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Max+Planck+Institutes&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpg.de%2Finstitutes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMax+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engstrom, Eric J., Wolfgang Burgmair, and Matthias M. Weber. "Psychiatric Governance, Völkisch Corporatism, and the German Research Institute of Psychiatry in Munich (1912–26)." History of Psychiatry 27, no. 1/2 (2016): 38-50, 137-52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engstrom, Eric J et al. "Psychiatrie und Politik im Dienste des deutschen Volkes." In Emil Kraepelin: Kraepelin in München II, 1914-1921, ed. Wolfgang Burgmair, Eric J. Engstrom and Matthias M. Weber, 17-82. Munich: Belleville, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engstrom, Eric J. et al. "Wissenschaftsorganisation als Vermächtnis." In Emil Kraepelin: Kraepelin in München, Teil III: 1921-1926, edited by Wolfgang Burgmair, Eric J. Engstrom, and Matthias Weber, 17-71. Munich: belleville, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burgmair, Wolfgang, and Matthias M. Weber. "'Das Geld ist gut angelegt, und du brauchst keine Reue zu haben': James Loeb, ein deutsch-amerikanischer Wissenschaftsmäzen zwischen Kaiserreich und Weimarer Republik." Historische Zeitschrift 277 (2003): 343-378.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081222120821/http://www.mpipsykl.mpg.de/en/institute/history/index.html">"History of the Institute"</a>. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpipsykl.mpg.de/en/institute/history/index.html">the original</a> on 2008-12-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Institute&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpipsykl.mpg.de%2Fen%2Finstitute%2Fhistory%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMax+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inhumanity-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inhumanity_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doew.at/cms/download/b1c46/en_seidelman_max_planck_society.pdf">Science and Inhumanity: The Kaiser-Wilhelm/Max Planck Society</a> William E. Seidelman MD, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-missing-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-missing_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-missing_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y61MBAAAQBAJ">The Missing Gene</a> <a href="/wiki/Jay_Joseph" title="Jay Joseph">Jay Joseph</a>, 2006, pg142-</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHippiusHans-Jürgen_MöllerNorbert_MüllerGabriele_Neundörfer-Kohl2007" class="citation book cs1">Hippius, Hanns; Hans-Jürgen Möller; Norbert Müller; Gabriele Neundörfer-Kohl (2007). <i>The University Department of Psychiatry in Munich: From Kraepelin and His Predecessors to Molecular Psychiatry</i>. 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Pg 33-, 48. Original source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2018/New%20York%20NY%20PM%20%20Daily/New%20York%20NY%20PM%20Daily%201945/New%20York%20NY%20PM%20Daily%201945%20-%202116.pdf">Created Nazi Science of Murder</a> Victor H Berstein, 1945, August 21, PM Daily</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jWQgAgAAQBAJ">Baltic Eugenics: Bio-Politics, Race and Nation in Interwar Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 1918-1940 : Volker Roelcke: 3. Eliot Slater and the Institutionalization of Psychiatric Genetics in the United Kingdom</a> pg 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-man-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-man_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VIEDR5XLrWsC">Man, Medicine, and the State</a> Pg 73-</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1Dz45L-oYrEC">Medicine and Medical Ethics in Nazi Germany: Origins, Practices, Legacies</a> Chapter by V. Roelcke, Pg106</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/12365347">Program and practice of psychiatric genetics at the German Research Institute of Psychiatry under Ernst Rudin: on the relationship between science, politics and the concept of race before and after 1993</a> by V. Roelcke, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Research-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Research_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Research_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729150722/http://www.mpipsykl.mpg.de/1495626/research.html">"Research"</a>. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpipsykl.mpg.de/1495626/research.html">the original</a> on 2014-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Research&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpipsykl.mpg.de%2F1495626%2Fresearch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMax+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Profile-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Profile_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Profile_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729141305/http://www.mpipsykl.mpg.de/1495865/research.html">"Profile"</a>. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpipsykl.mpg.de/1495865/research.html">the original</a> on 2014-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpipsykl.mpg.de%2F1495865%2Fresearch.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMax+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MS_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MS_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpipsykl.mpg.de/825157/klinik.html">"Medical services"</a>. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medical+services&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpipsykl.mpg.de%2F825157%2Fklinik.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMax+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psych.mpg.de/2798242/nadine-gogolla#:~:text=Nadine%20Gogolla%20is%20director%20of,our%20Institute%22%2C%20says%20Prof.">"Nadine Gogolla - new director at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry"</a>. Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nadine+Gogolla+-+new+director+at+the+Max+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psych.mpg.de%2F2798242%2Fnadine-gogolla%23%3A~%3Atext%3DNadine%2520Gogolla%2520is%2520director%2520of%2Cour%2520Institute%2522%252C%2520says%2520Prof.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMax+Planck+Institute+of+Psychiatry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute_of_Psychiatry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Social_Anthropology" title="Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology">Social Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Astronomy" title="Max Planck Institute for Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Astrophysics" title="Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Hertziana_%E2%80%93_Max_Planck_Institute_for_Art_History" title="Bibliotheca Hertziana – Max Planck Institute for Art History">Art History (Rome)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunsthistorisches_Institut_in_Florenz" title="Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz">Art History (Florence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Biochemistry" title="Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biogeochemistry" title="Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry">Biogeochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biological_Intelligence" title="Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence">Biological Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biology_of_Ageing" title="Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing">Biology of Ageing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Molecular_Biomedicine" title="Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine">Molecular Biomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Biophysics" title="Max Planck Institute of Biophysics">Biophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Brain_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Brain Research">Brain Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Molecular_Cell_Biology_and_Genetics" title="Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics">Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Chemistry" title="Max Planck Institute for Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Human_Cognitive_and_Brain_Sciences" title="Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences">Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Research_on_Collective_Goods" title="Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods">Research on Collective Goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Colloids_and_Interfaces" title="Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces">Colloids and Interfaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Crime,_Security_and_Law" title="Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law">Study of Crime, Security and Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biological_Cybernetics" title="Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics">Biological Cybernetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Demographic_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research">Demographic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Religious_and_Ethnic_Diversity" title="Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity">Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_and_Self-Organization" title="Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization">Dynamics and Self-Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Dynamics_of_Complex_Technical_Systems" title="Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems">Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Chemical_Ecology" title="Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology">Chemical Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Chemical_Energy_Conversion" title="Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion">Chemical Energy Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Evolutionary_Biology" title="Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Florida_Institute_for_Neuroscience" title="Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience">Neuroscience (Florida)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Miescher_Laboratory_of_the_Max_Planck_Society" title="Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society">Friedrich Miescher Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber_Institute_of_the_Max_Planck_Society" title="Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society">Fritz Haber Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Molecular_Genetics" title="Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics">Molecular Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Gravitational_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics">Gravitational Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Heart_and_Lung_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research">Heart and Lung Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_History_of_Science" title="Max Planck Institute for the History of Science">History of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Human_Development" title="Max Planck Institute for Human Development">Human Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Science_of_Human_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History">Science of Human History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Immunobiology_and_Epigenetics" title="Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics">Immunobiology and Epigenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Infection_Biology" title="Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology">Infection Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Informatics" title="Max Planck Institute for Informatics">Informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Innovation_and_Competition" title="Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition">Innovation and Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Intelligent_Systems" title="Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems">Intelligent Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Coal_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Coal Research">Coal Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Tax_Law_and_Public_Finance" title="Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance">Tax Law and Public Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Comparative_Public_Law_and_International_Law" title="Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law">Comparative Public Law and International Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Comparative_and_International_Private_Law" title="Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law">Comparative and International Private Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max-Planck-Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sozialrecht_und_Sozialpolitik" title="Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik">Social Law and Social Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_European_Legal_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Institute for European Legal History">European Legal History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Mathematics" title="Max Planck Institute for Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Mathematics_in_the_Sciences" title="Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences">Mathematics in the Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Medical_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Medical Research">Medical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Meteorology" title="Max Planck Institute for Meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Marine_Microbiology" title="Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology">Marine Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Terrestrial_Microbiology" title="Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology">Terrestrial Microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Microstructure_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics">Microstructure Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Multidisciplinary_Sciences" title="Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences">Multidisciplinary Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Neurobiology_of_Behavior_%E2%80%93_caesar" title="Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior – caesar">Neurobiology of Behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Ornithology" title="Max Planck Institute for Ornithology">Ornithology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Science_of_Light" title="Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light">Science of Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Chemical_Physics_of_Solids" title="Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids">Chemical Physics of Solids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Physics_of_Complex_Systems" title="Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems">Physics of Complex Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Physics">Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Extraterrestrial_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics">Extraterrestrial Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Nuclear_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics">Nuclear Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Molecular_Physiology" title="Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology">Molecular Physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Plant_Breeding_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research">Plant Breeding Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Molecular_Plant_Physiology" title="Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology">Molecular Plant Physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Plasma_Physics" title="Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics">Plasma Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Polymer_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research">Polymer Research</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Psycholinguistics" title="Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics">Psycholinguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Quantum_Optics" title="Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics">Quantum Optics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Radio_Astronomy" title="Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy">Radio Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Security_and_Privacy" title="Max Planck Institute for Security and Privacy">Security and Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Societies" title="Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies">Study of Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Software_Systems" title="Max Planck Institute for Software Systems">Software Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Solar_System_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research">Solar System Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Solid_State_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research">Solid State Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Sustainable_Materials" title="Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials">Sustainable Materials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Associated institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Str%C3%BCngmann_Institute" title="Ernst Strüngmann Institute">Ernst Strüngmann Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Harvard_Research_Center_for_the_Archaeoscience_of_the_Ancient_Mediterranean" title="Max Planck Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean">Max Planck Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">International<br />research schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Evolutionary_Biology" title="International Max Planck Research School for Evolutionary Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Heart_and_Lung_Research" title="International Max Planck Research School for Heart and Lung Research">Heart and Lung Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Molecular_and_Cellular_Biology" title="International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology">Molecular and Cellular Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Molecular_and_Cellular_Life_Sciences" title="International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences">Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Organismal_Biology" title="International Max Planck Research School for Organismal Biology">Organismal Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Max_Planck_Research_School_for_Ultrafast_Imaging_and_Structural_Dynamics" title="International Max Planck Research School for Ultrafast Imaging and Structural Dynamics">Ultrafast Imaging and Structural Dynamics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Former institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Behavioral_Physiology" title="Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology">Behavioral Physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Biology" title="Max Planck Institute for Biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Cell_Biology" title="Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology">Cell Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Experimental_Endocrinology" title="Max Planck Institute of Experimental Endocrinology">Experimental Endocrinology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Foreign_and_International_Social_Law" title="Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law">Foreign and International Social Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_of_Neurobiology" title="Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology">Neurobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Ornithology" title="Max Planck Institute for Ornithology">Ornithology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Physics_and_Astrophysics" title="Max Planck Institute for Physics and Astrophysics">Physics and Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Psychological_Research" title="Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research">Psychological Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Research_Unit_for_Enzymology_of_Protein_Folding" title="Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding">Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a> (1948–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> (1960–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimar_L%C3%BCst" title="Reimar Lüst">Reimar Lüst</a> (1972–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Staab" title="Heinz Staab">Heinz Staab</a> (1984–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_F._Zacher" title="Hans F. Zacher">Hans F. Zacher</a> (1990–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Markl" title="Hubert Markl">Hubert Markl</a> (1996–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gruss" title="Peter Gruss">Peter Gruss</a> (2002–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Stratmann" title="Martin Stratmann">Martin Stratmann</a> (2014–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Cramer" title="Patrick Cramer">Patrick Cramer</a> (since 2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Nobel laureates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Feodor Lynen</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J. F. Köhler">Georges J. F. Köhler</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor W. Hänsch">Theodor W. Hänsch</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan W. Hell</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Klaus Hasselmann</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Svante Pääbo</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Ferenc Krausz</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#006c66; color:#FFFFFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Society" title="Kaiser Wilhelm Society"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Kaiser Wilhelm Society</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Digital_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Digital Library"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Max Planck Digital Library</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harnack_Medal" title="Harnack Medal"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Harnack Medal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schloss_Ringberg" title="Schloss Ringberg"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Schloss Ringberg</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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