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Aside from all the carbon emissions, the ubiquitous metal’s smelting process also creates massive amounts of a toxic red mud byproduct with a pH level often rivaling commercial bleach or engine cleaner. The caustic gunk is usually relegated to giant landfills, unless something like an industrial accident unleashes torrents of the sludge, as was unfortunately the case for rural Hungarian residents back in 2010.\n\nBut if there’s anything worse than aluminum manufacturing, it’s steel, which accounts for about 8 percent of all CO2 emissions. In order to reduce the industry's damaging impact, many researchers and companies are working towards a \"green steel\" future—strategies such as swapping out the dirty power sources in steel factories for renewable energy, and integrating hydrogen or electric energy into production.\n\nAs many engineers continue focusing on reducing industrial smelting’s notorious emission issues, a team at the Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung has developed a way to quickly and affordably recycle aluminum’s red mud byproduct for use in green steel projects with a little help from hydrogen plasma.\n\n[Related: Inside the high-powered process that could recycle rare earth metals.]\n\nThe researchers’ paper, recently published in Nature, details how the aluminum industry could one day account for its annual generation of an estimated 198 million tons of red mud—a number expected to only grow larger as demand for the material increases.\n\nFor the scientists, it’s a (relatively) simple procedure. Red mud is deposited in an electric arc furnace, where it is subjected to the extremely high temperatures of a plasma containing 10 percent hydrogen. The intense heat then melts down the mud, which separates into liquid metal oxides. As much as 60 percent of red mud is iron oxide, which subsequently transforms into a liquid iron so pure that it can immediately be used in steel production. All told, the “plasma reduction” process takes just 10 minutes to complete.\n\nMeanwhile, the furnace heat largely neutralizes any other leftover oxides’ corrosiveness, including heavy metals like chromium. Scientists believe with further investigations, these valuable metals could also be separated for reuse, thus lessening the chance for them to otherwise leach out of red mud into the environment. After all that, everything remaining in the furnace then cools into glass-like residuals that researchers think could be useful as various filling materials in the construction industry.\n\nWhile the test utilized only 15g of red mud (yielding 2.6g of metallic iron), the team calculated that their process is both economically viable and industrially scalable. In a recent university profile, research group leader Isnaldi Souza Filho estimates that around 770 million tons of CO2-free steel could derive from the world’s existing 4.7 billion tons of red mud—about one-third of annual steel production’s needs.\n\n\"Our process could simultaneously solve the waste problem of aluminum production and improve the steel industry's carbon footprint,\" added Matic Jovičevič-Klug, another scientist involved in the study.\n\nBecause electric arc furnaces are already widespread within metal production, it would only take a proportionally small investment to ready them for this new process. With some additional research and adjustments, aluminum’s longtime, notoriously noxious waste could finally become something useful—and far more eco-friendly."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/technology/aluminum-red-mud-green-steel/","url":"https://www.popsci.com/technology/aluminum-red-mud-green-steel/","name":"Aluminum’s notorious, toxic red mud could one day help make ‘green steel’ | Popular Science","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/technology/aluminum-red-mud-green-steel/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/technology/aluminum-red-mud-green-steel/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?quality=85","datePublished":"2024-02-07T14:38:47-05:00","dateModified":"2024-02-07T14:38:47-05:00","description":"Using existing electric arc furnaces, researchers show a promising new use for the caustic industrial byproduct.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.popsci.com/technology/aluminum-red-mud-green-steel/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.popsci.com/technology/aluminum-red-mud-green-steel/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/technology/aluminum-red-mud-green-steel/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?quality=85","contentUrl":"https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?quality=85","width":2000,"height":1125,"caption":"An aerial photo taken on October 8, 2010 shows a car amid a toxic red mud spill, a few kilometers from the village of Kolontar, Hungary."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/technology/aluminum-red-mud-green-steel/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":"https://www.popsci.com/category/technology/","description":"From our phones and smart assistants to transportation, the military, and cybersecurity—this is the latest on the technology shaping life on Earth and beyond.","name":"Technology"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":"https://www.popsci.com/category/engineering/","description":"A guide to the structures, machines, and systems that power and connect our world.","name":"Engineering"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Aluminum’s notorious, toxic red mud could one day help make ‘green steel’"}],"numberOfItems":3,"itemListOrder":"Ascending","@context":"https://schema.org"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.popsci.com/#website","url":"https://www.popsci.com/","name":"Popular Science","description":"Awe-inspiring science reporting, technology news, and DIY projects. 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[&>svg]:fill-accent-900 [&>svg]:stroke-accent-900"> <svg class="newsletter-icon social-icon" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m434.146 59.882h-389.234c-24.766 0-44.912 20.146-44.912 44.912v269.47c0 24.766 20.146 44.912 44.912 44.912h389.234c24.766 0 44.912-20.146 44.912-44.912v-269.47c0-24.766-20.146-44.912-44.912-44.912zm0 29.941c2.034 0 3.969.422 5.738 1.159l-200.355 173.649-200.356-173.649c1.769-.736 3.704-1.159 5.738-1.159zm0 299.411h-389.234c-8.26 0-14.971-6.71-14.971-14.971v-251.648l199.778 173.141c2.822 2.441 6.316 3.655 9.81 3.655s6.988-1.213 9.81-3.655l199.778-173.141v251.649c-.001 8.26-6.711 14.97-14.971 14.97z"/> </svg> </div> <span class="social-count font-primary font-bold text-sm text-accent-900 leading-tighter"> </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div>  </header> <main class="container pt-10"> <div data-module="SecondScroll" data-permalink="https://www.popsci.com/technology/aluminum-red-mud-green-steel/"> <header class="recurrent-article-full-width-hero mb-5" aria-label="Article Hero"> <nav class="article-breadcrumbs-wrapper mb-2" aria-label="Article breadcrumbs"> <nav class="breadcrumb-container hover" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><a class="breadcrumb-link no-underline hover:no-underline font-tertiary font-semibold text-accent-900 text-xs uppercase tracking-wide" href="https://www.popsci.com/category/technology/">Technology</a> <div class="breadcrumb-arrow relative inline-block ml-1 mr-2 h-0 w-0 border-y-[4px] border-y-transparent border-l-[8px] border-l-primary-900 -top-[1px]"></div></nav><nav class="breadcrumb-container hover" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><a class="breadcrumb-link no-underline hover:no-underline font-tertiary font-semibold text-accent-900 text-xs uppercase tracking-wide" href="https://www.popsci.com/category/engineering/">Engineering</a> </nav> </nav> <h1 class="article-title font-primary text-secondary-900 text-4xl lg:text-15xl font-bold leading-2xl lg:leading-15xl mb-2">Aluminum’s notorious, toxic red mud could one day help make ‘green steel’</h1> <div class="article-dek font-secondary text-base lg:text-2xl mb-2">Using existing electric arc furnaces, researchers show a promising new use for the caustic industrial byproduct.</div> <div class="flex flex-col gap-2"> <div class="article-byline overflow-hidden lg:flex lg:flex-wrap lg:gap-2 w-full mb-2 "> <div class="item-wrapper--author item-wrapper flex items-center mr-3"> <div class="byline-author-wrapper flex relative"> <p class="byline-item byline-item-author font-tertiary font-normal text-sm text-primary capitalize"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/andrew-paul/">Andrew Paul</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="item-wrapper--date item-wrapper flex items-center mr-3"> <div class="byline-date-wrapper flex relative"> <p class="byline-item byline-item-timestamp font-tertiary font-normal text-sm text-primary mb-0">Posted on Feb 7, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="article-layout-wrapper w-full flex flex-col lg:flex-row gap-5 max-w-full"> <article id="post-601854" class="flex-auto post-601854 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-climate-change category-engineering category-environment category-pollution category-sustainability category-technology tag-news content_type-1-group content_type-2-page-type content_type-3-timeframe content_type-news content_type-non-evergreen content_type-non-membership exclude_tag-newsbreak exclude_tag-sangsang exclude_tag-smartnews exclude_tag-socialflow author_tag-andrew-paul"> <div class="article-content-featured-image lg:ml-[-4]"> <figure> <img class="archive-post-thumb article-featured-image w-full h-full mb-3" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?quality=85&w=2000" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg 2000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=768&h=432 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=1536&h=864 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=800&h=450 800w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=356&h=200 356w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=1173&h=660 1173w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=711&h=400 711w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=1486&h=836 1486w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=1227&h=690 1227w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=384&h=216 384w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=718&h=404 718w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=1589&h=894 1589w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=1337&h=752 1337w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=1234&h=694 1234w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=280&h=158 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=1440&h=810 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=289&h=163 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=370&h=208 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=308&h=173 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/07/red-mud.jpg?w=50&h=28 50w" sizes="(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px" fetchpriority="high" alt="Abandoned car in aluminum red mud spill" /> <div class="article-featured-image-caption-container"> <figcaption class="article-featured-image-caption font-primary font-normal text-sm text-secondary-800">An aerial photo taken on October 8, 2010 shows a car amid a toxic red mud spill, a few kilometers from the village of Kolontar, Hungary. <a href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/an-aerial-photo-taken-on-october-8-2010-shows-the-ruptured-news-photo/1236658782?adppopup=true">STR/AFP via Getty Images</a></figcaption> </div> </figure> </div> <section class="entry-content py-8 max-w-[730px] lg:mx-auto" data-module="TableOfContents"> <section class="recurrent-share lg:px-0 mb-5" data-post-id="601854" data-content-type="News,Non-Evergreen,Non-Membership"> <div class="block-content-wrapper flex flex-row align-center gap-4 lg:gap-8 w-full text-center mx-auto md:mx-0 items-center justify-center"> <h2 class="recurrent-share-block-title font-primary font-bold text-2xl text-secondary-900">Share</h2> <ul class="flex flex-row list-none gap-4 lg:gap-8"> <li class="list-none"> <a class="flex items-center justify-center w-5 h-5 svg-social-icon" 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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m434.146 59.882h-389.234c-24.766 0-44.912 20.146-44.912 44.912v269.47c0 24.766 20.146 44.912 44.912 44.912h389.234c24.766 0 44.912-20.146 44.912-44.912v-269.47c0-24.766-20.146-44.912-44.912-44.912zm0 29.941c2.034 0 3.969.422 5.738 1.159l-200.355 173.649-200.356-173.649c1.769-.736 3.704-1.159 5.738-1.159zm0 299.411h-389.234c-8.26 0-14.971-6.71-14.971-14.971v-251.648l199.778 173.141c2.822 2.441 6.316 3.655 9.81 3.655s6.988-1.213 9.81-3.655l199.778-173.141v251.649c-.001 8.26-6.711 14.97-14.971 14.97z"/> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="content-wrapper" data-toc-container> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Making <a href="https://www.popsci.com/science/popsci-summer-2022-metal-issue/" target="_blank">aluminum</a> is dirty work, and hasn’t improved much since the 1886 debut of its most widespread production method. Aside from all the <a href="https://www.popsci.com/aluminum-apple/" target="_blank">carbon emissions</a>, the ubiquitous metal’s smelting process also creates massive amounts of a toxic red mud byproduct with a pH level often rivaling commercial bleach or engine cleaner. The caustic gunk is usually relegated to giant landfills, unless something like an industrial accident unleashes torrents of the sludge, as was unfortunately the case for <a href="https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2010-10/cleaning-hungarys-miles-toxic-mess/" target="_blank">rural Hungarian residents</a> back in 2010.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">But if there’s anything worse than aluminum manufacturing, it’s <a href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/steel-factory-reduced-emissions/" target="_blank">steel</a>, which accounts for about 8 percent of all CO2 emissions. In order to reduce the industry’s damaging impact, many researchers and companies are working towards a “<a rel="nofollow noreferrer" href="https://undark.org/2022/05/11/the-race-to-produce-green-steel/" target="_blank">green steel</a>” future—strategies such as swapping out the dirty power sources in steel factories for renewable energy, and integrating hydrogen or electric energy into production.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">As many engineers continue focusing on reducing industrial smelting’s notorious emission issues, a team at the Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung has developed a way to quickly and affordably recycle aluminum’s red mud byproduct for use in <a rel="nofollow noreferrer" href="https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/clean-industry/the-trillion-dollar-quest-to-make-green-steel" target="_blank">green steel</a> projects with a little help from hydrogen plasma.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip"><strong>[Related: </strong><a href="https://www.popsci.com/environment/rare-earth-metal-recycling/" target="_blank"><strong>Inside the high-powered process that could recycle rare earth metals</strong></a><strong>.]</strong></p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">The researchers’ paper, recently published in <a rel="nofollow noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06901-z#Sec5" target="_blank"><em>Nature</em></a>, details how the aluminum industry could one day account for its annual generation of an estimated 198 million tons of red mud—a number expected to only grow larger as demand for the material increases.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">For the scientists, it’s a (relatively) simple procedure. Red mud is deposited in an electric arc furnace, where it is subjected to the extremely high temperatures of a plasma containing 10 percent hydrogen. The intense heat then melts down the mud, which separates into liquid metal oxides. As much as 60 percent of red mud is iron oxide, which subsequently transforms into a liquid iron so pure that it can immediately be used in steel production. All told, the “plasma reduction” process takes just 10 minutes to complete.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Meanwhile, the furnace heat largely neutralizes any other leftover oxides’ corrosiveness, including heavy metals like chromium. Scientists believe with further investigations, these valuable metals could also be separated for reuse, thus lessening the chance for them to otherwise leach out of red mud into the environment. After all that, everything remaining in the furnace then cools into glass-like residuals that researchers think could be useful as various filling materials in the construction industry.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">While the test utilized only 15g of red mud (yielding 2.6g of metallic iron), the <a rel="nofollow noreferrer" href="https://www.mpg.de/21476840/toxic-red-mud-aluminium-green-steel-industry" target="_blank">team calculated</a> that their process is both economically viable and industrially scalable. In a <a rel="nofollow noreferrer" href="https://www.mpg.de/21476840/toxic-red-mud-aluminium-green-steel-industry" target="_blank">recent university profile</a>, research group leader Isnaldi Souza Filho estimates that around 770 million tons of CO2-free steel could derive from the world’s existing 4.7 billion tons of red mud—about one-third of annual steel production’s needs.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">“Our process could simultaneously solve the waste problem of aluminum production and improve the steel industry’s carbon footprint,” added Matic Jovičevič-Klug, another scientist involved in the study.</p> <p class="article-paragraph skip">Because electric arc furnaces are already widespread within metal production, it would only take a proportionally small investment to ready them for this new process. With some additional research and adjustments, aluminum’s longtime, notoriously noxious waste could finally become something useful—and far more eco-friendly.</p> <section class="content-widget content-widget--large"> <span class="block bg-secondary-300 h-2 w-16 mt-10 mb-8"> </span> <div class="flex flex-col md:flex-row items-start justify-items-start"> <div class="mb-4 md:mb-0 md:w-4/12 w-full"> <img width="300" height="169" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?quality=85&w=300" class="max-w-[100%]" alt="" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg 1920w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=768&h=432 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=1536&h=864 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=800&h=450 800w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ps-ggs.jpg?w=356&h=200 356w, 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lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> This new haptic glove uses tiny valve ‘pixels’ to simulate pressure </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">This new haptic glove uses tiny valve ‘pixels’ to simulate pressure</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/andrew-paul/">Andrew Paul</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/how-does-a-3d-printer-work/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" 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https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=1227&h=690 1227w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=384&h=216 384w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=718&h=404 718w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=1589&h=894 1589w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=1337&h=752 1337w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=1234&h=694 1234w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=280&h=158 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=1440&h=810 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=289&h=163 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=370&h=208 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=308&h=173 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/27/how-does-a-3d-printer-work.jpg?w=50&h=28 50w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="A 3D printer printing a green plastic shoe." /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/how-does-a-3d-printer-work/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> How does 3D printing work? </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">How does 3D printing work?</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/charlotte-hu/">Charlotte Hu</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/fiberobo-smart-textiles-mit/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?quality=85&w=800" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg 2000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=768&h=432 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=1536&h=864 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=800&h=450 800w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=356&h=200 356w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=1173&h=660 1173w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=711&h=400 711w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=1486&h=836 1486w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=1227&h=690 1227w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=384&h=216 384w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=718&h=404 718w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=1589&h=894 1589w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=1337&h=752 1337w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=1234&h=694 1234w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=280&h=158 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=1440&h=810 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=289&h=163 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=370&h=208 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=308&h=173 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/26/MIT-ActuatingFibers-01-press.jpg?w=50&h=28 50w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Woman's hands holding up cloth woven with smart fiber" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/fiberobo-smart-textiles-mit/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> This liquid crystal fabric is ‘smart’ enough to adapt to the weather </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">This liquid crystal fabric is ‘smart’ enough to adapt to the weather</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/andrew-paul/">Andrew Paul</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/dan-hryhorcoff-bumper-car/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?quality=85&w=800" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg 2000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=768&h=432 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=1536&h=864 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=800&h=450 800w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=356&h=200 356w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=1173&h=660 1173w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=711&h=400 711w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=1486&h=836 1486w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=1227&h=690 1227w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=384&h=216 384w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=718&h=404 718w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=1589&h=894 1589w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=1337&h=752 1337w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=1234&h=694 1234w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=280&h=158 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=1440&h=810 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=289&h=163 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=370&h=208 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=308&h=173 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/Dan-Hryhorcoff-bumper-car.jpg?w=50&h=28 50w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="a giant bumper car" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/dan-hryhorcoff-bumper-car/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> This giant bumper car is street-legal and enormously delightful </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">This giant bumper car is street-legal and enormously delightful</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/rob-verger/">Rob Verger</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/british-ship-proteus-surveillance/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?quality=85&w=800" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg 2000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=768&h=432 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=1536&h=864 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=800&h=450 800w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=356&h=200 356w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=1173&h=660 1173w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=711&h=400 711w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=1486&h=836 1486w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=1227&h=690 1227w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=384&h=216 384w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=718&h=404 718w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=1589&h=894 1589w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=1337&h=752 1337w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=1234&h=694 1234w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=280&h=158 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=1440&h=810 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=289&h=163 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=370&h=208 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=308&h=173 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/20/proteus.jpg?w=50&h=28 50w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="This weird-looking British ship will keep an eye out for sabotage beneath the surface" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/british-ship-proteus-surveillance/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> This weird-looking British ship will keep an eye out for sabotage beneath the surface </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">This weird-looking British ship will keep an eye out for sabotage beneath the surface</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/kelsey-d-atherton/">Kelsey D. Atherton</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/senator-mrap-vehicle-tests/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?quality=85&w=800" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg 2000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=768&h=432 768w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=1536&h=864 1536w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=800&h=450 800w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=356&h=200 356w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=1173&h=660 1173w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=711&h=400 711w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=1486&h=836 1486w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=1227&h=690 1227w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=384&h=216 384w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=718&h=404 718w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=1589&h=894 1589w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=1337&h=752 1337w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=1234&h=694 1234w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=280&h=158 280w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=1440&h=810 1440w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=289&h=163 289w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=370&h=208 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=308&h=173 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/13/senator-mrap-9.jpg?w=50&h=28 50w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Watch this new Canada-made troop transport pass its explosive tests" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/senator-mrap-vehicle-tests/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Watch this new Canada-made troop transport pass its explosive tests </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Watch this new Canada-made troop transport pass its explosive tests</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/kelsey-d-atherton/">Kelsey D. 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https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/04/Depositphotos_303142852_L.jpg?w=370&h=208 370w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/04/Depositphotos_303142852_L.jpg?w=308&h=173 308w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/04/Depositphotos_303142852_L.jpg?w=50&h=28 50w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Woman's hands holding 23andMe saliva testing box" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/23andme-data-breach-dna/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> 23andMe says a data breach affected nearly half of its 14 million users </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">23andMe says a data breach affected nearly half of its 14 million users</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" href="https://www.popsci.com/authors/andrew-paul/">Andrew Paul</a></span></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-3"> <div class="card-post linkpack-post"> <a class="card-post-image-link block mb-4" aria-hidden tabindex="-1" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/eye-scan-brain-injury-device/" > <div class="relative"> <img class="archive-post-thumb w-full aspect-thumbnail object-cover rounded-grid-post" src="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/30/Depositphotos_39207773_L.jpg?quality=85&w=800" srcset="https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/30/Depositphotos_39207773_L.jpg 2000w, https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/30/Depositphotos_39207773_L.jpg?w=768&h=432 768w, 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https://www.popsci.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/20/lucid-battery-suv.jpg?w=50&h=28 50w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" loading="lazy" fetchpriority="auto" alt="Lucid Gravity EV SUV" /> </div> </a> <div class="post-content relative text-left"> <a class="card-post-title-link" href="https://www.popsci.com/technology/lucid-galaxy/" > <h3 class="card-post-title font-primary font-bold text-base lg:text-xl text-secondary-900 leading-tight"> <span class="mobile lg:hidden hover-link"> Lucid says its new all-electric SUV beats Tesla Model X range by nearly 100 miles </span> <span class="desktop hidden lg:inline-block hover-link">Lucid says its new all-electric SUV beats Tesla Model X range by nearly 100 miles</span> </h3> </a> <p class="card-post-byline font-secondary font-semibold text-secondary-900 text-sm leading-tighter mt-2"> <span class="recurrent-byline"><span class="byline-segment"><span class="byline-text">By </span><a class="hover-link no-underline hover:underline" 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