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Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations - Wikipedia
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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_salts_uss_mohican_1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Old_salts_uss_mohican_1888.jpg/300px-Old_salts_uss_mohican_1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Old_salts_uss_mohican_1888.jpg/450px-Old_salts_uss_mohican_1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Old_salts_uss_mohican_1888.jpg/600px-Old_salts_uss_mohican_1888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="590" /></a></span><br />"<i>Old Salts of the Square-Rigger Navy" on board USS Mohican, 1888, by H. W. Whitaker.</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>June 22 – October 5, 1891</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Anglo-American victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Revenue_Cutter_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Revenue Cutter Service">U.S. RCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marines">U.S. Marines</a></li></ul> <p><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">Poachers</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Cotton" title="Charles S. Cotton">Charles S. Cotton</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281891%E2%80%931896%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Henry C. Cochrane</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> N/A</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 1 <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruiser</a><br />3 <a href="/wiki/Sloops-of-war" class="mw-redirect" title="Sloops-of-war">sloops-of-war</a><br />3 <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamers</a><br />2 <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboats</a><br />2 <a href="/wiki/Cutter_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutter (ship)">cutters</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> N/A</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> None</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 4 schooners captured<br />Poachers imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Unalaska,_Alaska" title="Unalaska, Alaska">Unalaska</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations</b> were conducted in 1891 by the navies and marine corps' of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>. Due to the near <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a> population in the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a>, the American and British governments dispatched a <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea_Squadron" title="Bering Sea Squadron">squadron</a> of warships to suppress <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> activities, under the command of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_(United_States)" title="Commander (United States)">Commander</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Cotton" title="Charles S. Cotton">Charles S. Cotton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bering_Sea_Anti-Poaching_Operations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USRC_29.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/USRC_29.jpg/200px-USRC_29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/USRC_29.jpg/300px-USRC_29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/USRC_29.jpg/400px-USRC_29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><i>USRC Rush firing a salute off Sitka in 1901.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The operations against seal poachers had their origin in the 1880s after <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> claimed the fishing rights around many of the <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a>, in violation of United States law. As a result, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Squadron" title="Pacific Squadron">Pacific Squadron</a> seized several Canadian ships.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the near extinction of seals by poachers from the Dominion of Canada and the United States drew the interests of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">Naturalist</a> societies who pressured their governments to respond so in 1891 <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> and his British counterparts banned <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">sealing</a> in the Bering Sea and ordered the formation of a new naval squadron. The new force, led by the American Commander Charles S. Cotton, composed of small warships intended to police the disputed fishing zone and inform all merchant ships of the ban. Eleven United States Navy, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Revenue_Cutter_Service" title="United States Revenue Cutter Service">United States Revenue Cutter Service</a> ships participated in the operations. The <a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">flagship</a> of the squadron was <a href="/wiki/USS_Mohican_(1883)" title="USS Mohican (1883)">USS <i>Mohican</i></a>, a <a href="/wiki/Screw_sloop" title="Screw sloop">screw sloop</a>-of-war, under Commander Cotton. The other American ships were <a href="/wiki/USS_Marion_(1839)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Marion (1839)">USS <i>Marion</i></a>, an old sailing sloop, the <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamer</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Thetis_(1881)" title="USS Thetis (1881)">USS <i>Thetis</i></a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboats</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Alert_(AS-4)" title="USS Alert (AS-4)">USS <i>Alert</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Nantucket_(IX-18)" title="USS Nantucket (IX-18)">USS <i>Ranger</i></a> and the steam-powered <a href="/wiki/Revenue_cutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Revenue cutter">revenue cutters</a> <a href="/wiki/USRC_Thomas_Corwin_(1876)" class="mw-redirect" title="USRC Thomas Corwin (1876)">USRC <i>Corwin</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USRC_Rush_(1885)" title="USRC Rush (1885)">USCR <i>Rush</i></a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Steamship_Company" title="Pacific Coast Steamship Company">Pacific Coast Steamship Company</a> vessel <i>Al-Ki</i> was also chartered for service, filled with <a href="/wiki/Marine_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine (military)">marines</a>, she was placed under the command of <a href="/wiki/Captain_(land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land)">Captain</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_C._Cochrane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry C. Cochrane (page does not exist)">Henry C. Cochrane</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>. <i>Al-Ki</i> was used as a <a href="/wiki/Prison_ship" title="Prison ship">prison ship</a> at <a href="/wiki/Unalaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Unalaska">Unalaska</a> for captured poachers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CGS_Alert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CGS_Alert.jpg/200px-CGS_Alert.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/CGS_Alert.jpg/300px-CGS_Alert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/CGS_Alert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption><i>HMS Alert in 1893.</i></figcaption></figure> <p>All of the American ships had marine detachments aboard, with the exception of the <i>Thetis</i>, totaling five officers and 113 enlisted men. British naval forces included the <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMS_Porpoise_(1886)" title="HMS Porpoise (1886)">HMS <i>Porpoise</i></a>, the screw sloop <a href="/wiki/HMS_Nymphe_(1888)" title="HMS Nymphe (1888)">HMS <i>Nymphe</i></a> and the steamer <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Pheasant_(1888)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Pheasant (1888) (page does not exist)">HMS <i>Pheasant</i></a>, each with a force of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a>. The operations officially began on June 22, 1891 when the <i>Al-Ki</i> hauled off from <a href="/wiki/Mare_Island_Naval_Shipyard" title="Mare Island Naval Shipyard">Mare Island Naval Shipyard</a> for the Bering Sea and she was soon followed by the other vessels. Over the course of a few months the squadron boarded dozens of ships though only four were found to be infringing upon the proclamation of the United States and the United Kingdom. They were the <a href="/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">schooners</a> <i>E. B. Marvin</i> and the <i>Otto</i> of British subject and the American schooners <i>La Mifa</i> and <i>Ethel</i>. The American schooners had a force of marines placed aboard and were towed over 1,200 miles by the <i>Al-Ki</i> to <a href="/wiki/Sitka,_Alaska" title="Sitka, Alaska">Sitka</a>. While the naval ships weren't in action against poachers they spent their time drilling and practice firing. The American marines also conducted exhibition drills at Sitka and Lliuliuk which were appreciated by the inhabitants. In late September, as the storm season approached, the remaining whaling and sealing ships in the Bering Sea left the region for coastal waters. Naval operations officially ended on October 5 when the last American warships headed south for Mare Island, where they arrived on October 14. They had patrolled 6,600 nautical miles since June 22. British forces sailed back to the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a> coast. The owners of forty-one vessels protested and demanded compensation for the breaking up of their sealing activities.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bering_Sea_Anti-Poaching_Operations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Slave_Trade_Patrol" title="African Slave Trade Patrol">African Slave Trade Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Anti-Piracy_Operations_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="West Indies Anti-Piracy Operations of the United States">West Indies Anti-Piracy Operations of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_Anti-Piracy_Operations_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegean Sea Anti-Piracy Operations of the United States">Aegean Sea Anti-Piracy Operations of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea_Arbitration" title="Bering Sea Arbitration">Bering Sea Arbitration</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bering_Sea_Anti-Poaching_Operations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry Allanson Ellsworth, pg. 14–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry Allanson Ellsworth, pg. 14–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Socolofsky & Spetter, pg. 137–138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry Allanson Ellsworth, pg. 14–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Canadian Parliament, pg. lxxxvi–lxxxvii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harry Allanson Ellsworth, pg. 14–15</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text from the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> </i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_American_Naval_Fighting_Ships" title="Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships">Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships</a><i>.</i> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarry_Allanson_Ellsworth1974" class="citation book cs1">Harry Allanson Ellsworth (1974). <i>One Hundred Eighty Landings of the United States Marines 1800–1934</i>. U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/433952608">433952608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Hundred+Eighty+Landings+of+the+United+States+Marines+1800%E2%80%931934&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F433952608&rft.au=Harry+Allanson+Ellsworth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABering+Sea+Anti-Poaching+Operations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="soco" class="citation book cs1">Socolofsky, Homer E. & Spetter, Allan B. (1987). <i>The Presidency of Benjamin Harrison</i>. University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-0320-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-0320-4"><bdi>0-7006-0320-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidency+of+Benjamin+Harrison&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-7006-0320-4&rft.au=Socolofsky%2C+Homer+E.&rft.au=Spetter%2C+Allan+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABering+Sea+Anti-Poaching+Operations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Parliament1892" class="citation book cs1">Canadian Parliament (1892). <i>Sessional papers, Volume 25, Issue 9</i>. C. H. Parmelee.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sessional+papers%2C+Volume+25%2C+Issue+9&rft.pub=C.+H.+Parmelee&rft.date=1892&rft.au=Canadian+Parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABering+Sea+Anti-Poaching+Operations" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvested_aquatic_animals_by_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="List of harvested aquatic animals by weight">List of harvested aquatic animals by weight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_marketing" title="Fish marketing">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_products" title="Fish products">Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreation</a></th><td 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title="Fishing bait">Bait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bite_indicator" title="Bite indicator">Bite indicators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_lure" title="Fishing lure">Lures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod" title="Fishing rod">Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_sinker" title="Fishing sinker">Sinker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_pond" title="Fish pond">Fish ponds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_bank_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean bank (topography)">Fishing banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_village" title="Fishing village">Fishing villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_habitat" title="Marine habitat">Marine habitats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_crime" title="Fisheries crime">Crime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bering Sea Anti-Poaching Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_poaching" title="Coral poaching">Coral poaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_eel_poaching_and_smuggling" title="Freshwater eel poaching and smuggling">Freshwater eel poaching and smuggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing_in_the_Arctic" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in the Arctic">Arctic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fishery_terms" title="Glossary of fishery terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fishing_articles" title="Index of fishing articles">Index</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fishing" title="Outline of fishing">Outline</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing" title="Category:Fishing">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8445b8969b‐9vqvq Cached time: 20241228171931 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.279 seconds Real time usage: 0.367 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1030/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28322/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1112/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 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