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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-piracy_operations_in_the_Horn_of_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Anti-piracy operations in the Horn of Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-piracy_operations_in_the_Horn_of_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engagements_and_Conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engagements_and_Conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Engagements and Conflicts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engagements_and_Conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forces_and_Commands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forces_and_Commands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Forces and Commands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forces_and_Commands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_educational_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_educational_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Naval educational institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_educational_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operating_Bases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operating_Bases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Operating Bases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operating_Bases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personnel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personnel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ranks_&_Insignias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks_&_Insignias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ranks & Insignias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks_&_Insignias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlisted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlisted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Enlisted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlisted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Aircraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_colombiana" title="Armada colombiana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Armada colombiana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolumbijsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1mo%C5%99nictvo" title="Kolumbijské námořnictvo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kolumbijské námořnictvo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia" title="Armada de la República de Colombia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Armada de la República de Colombia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نیروی دریایی کلمبیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی دریایی کلمبیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_nationale_colombienne" title="Marine nationale colombienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marine nationale colombienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Colombia" title="Armada de la República de Colombia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Armada de la República de Colombia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%82%A2%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="コロンビア海軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コロンビア海軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armada_Nacional_da_Col%C3%B4mbia" title="Armada Nacional da Colômbia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Armada Nacional da Colômbia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Национальные военно-морские силы Колумбии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальные военно-морские силы Колумбии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombianska_marinen" title="Colombianska marinen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Colombianska marinen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Maritime branch of Colombia's military</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Colombian Navy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Armada de la República de Colombia</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_Armada_Nacional_de_Colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Escudo_Armada_Nacional_de_Colombia.svg/220px-Escudo_Armada_Nacional_de_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Escudo_Armada_Nacional_de_Colombia.svg/330px-Escudo_Armada_Nacional_de_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Escudo_Armada_Nacional_de_Colombia.svg/440px-Escudo_Armada_Nacional_de_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="1188" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coat of arms of the Colombian Navy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">July 24, 1823<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Naval warfare</a><br />Protection of the seas and rivers of Colombia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">35,086 As of September 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-logrosPISDP2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-logrosPISDP2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />~13,000 Officers & sailors<br />~22,000 <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Naval_Infantry" title="Colombian Naval Infantry">Marine Infantry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Plus Ultra (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">further beyond</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>"Viva Colombia, soy marinero"</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Anniversaries</th><td class="infobox-data">July 24</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Maracaibo" title="Battle of Lake Maracaibo">Battle of Lake Maracaibo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand Days War">Thousand Days War</a> (Civil war)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Colombia-Peru_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombia-Peru War">Colombia-Peru War</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Armed_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Armed Conflict">Colombian Armed Conflict</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia#Commander-in-chief" title="President of Colombia">Commander-in-Chief</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Gustavo Petro</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Colombia)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Colombia)">Minister of Defense</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Vel%C3%A1squez_G%C3%B3mez" title="Iván Velásquez Gómez">Iván Velásquez Gómez</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Commander_of_the_Military_Forces_(Colombia)" title="General Commander of the Military Forces (Colombia)">Commander of the Military Forces</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">General Commander</a> Helder Férnan Giraldo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">National Navy Commander</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Admiral</a> Francisco Cubides</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Prudencio_Padilla" title="José Prudencio Padilla">José Prudencio Padilla</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Naval ensign</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/200px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/300px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/400px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Naval jack</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_jack_of_Colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_jack_of_Colombia.svg/200px-Naval_jack_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_jack_of_Colombia.svg/300px-Naval_jack_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_jack_of_Colombia.svg/400px-Naval_jack_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Flag</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Colombian_Navy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_the_Colombian_Navy.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Colombian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_the_Colombian_Navy.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Colombian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Flag_of_the_Colombian_Navy.svg/400px-Flag_of_the_Colombian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Standard</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_of_the_Colombian_Navy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Standard_of_the_Colombian_Navy.png/200px-Standard_of_the_Colombian_Navy.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Standard_of_the_Colombian_Navy.png/300px-Standard_of_the_Colombian_Navy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Standard_of_the_Colombian_Navy.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Colombian Navy</b>, officially the <b>Colombian National Navy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Armada Nacional de la República de Colombia</i>), also known as the <i>"Armada Nacional"</i> or just the <i>"Armada"</i> in Spanish, is the naval branch of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">military forces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>. The Navy is responsible for security and defence in the Colombian zones of both the Atlantic (Caribbean) and Pacific oceans, the extensive network of rivers inside the country, and a few small land areas under its direct jurisdiction. </p><p>The Colombian Navy has a strength of 35,086 personnel as of September 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> including approximately 22,000 in the Marine Infantry corps.<sup id="cite_ref-logrosPISDP2013_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-logrosPISDP2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The acronym "<b>ARC</b>", (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Armada de la República de Colombia</i>) is used both as the official <a href="/wiki/Ship_prefix" title="Ship prefix">ship prefix</a> for all the Colombian Navy ships, as well as a common short name for the Navy itself. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd><big><i>"Protecting the blue of our flag"</i></big></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>As stated in its institutional site, the mission of the Colombian Navy is: </p><p>“<i>Contribute with the defense of the Nation through the effective use of flexible naval power in the maritime, river and land spaces under its responsibility, in order to fulfill the constitutional role and participate in the development of sea power and the protection of the interests of Colombians</i>". <sup id="cite_ref-Site_ARC-Mission_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Site_ARC-Mission-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to accomplish its mission, the Colombian navy establishes four strategic objectives:<sup id="cite_ref-Site_ARC-Objectives_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Site_ARC-Objectives-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Protection of the population and resources and consolidation of territorial control.</li> <li>Neutralization of illegal drug trafficking.</li> <li>Strategic deterrence.</li> <li>Maritime and riverine safety.</li></ol> <p>In addition to functions of security and defense the Navy is called to participate in missions aimed to ensure the integral use of the sea by the Nation. For this purpose it must fulfill both military and diplomatic activities along with implementation and enforcement of law and order. </p><p>Its formal motto has been historically, "Plus Ultra" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">further beyond</i>); but more recently, and as part of a public media campaign in the 2000s, the additional slogan "Protecting the blue of our flag" (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Protegemos el azul de la bandera</i>) became known and has been adopted institutionally as well, perhaps as a result of being a more relatable catchphrase to the public than the formal Latin motto. </p><p>Its former slogan was "Sailing our pride" (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Navega nuestro orgullo</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of the Colombian Navy is closely tied to, and somewhat reflects the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Colombia" title="History of Colombia">history of Colombia</a> itself: from its birth at the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> from Spain, the subsequent ups and downs throughout a later 19th century rife with civil wars, a 20th-century where it slowly starts asserting itself only to be challenged by the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict_(1964%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian conflict (1964–present)">internal conflict</a> and drug traffic of the later decades, to a Navy that is now reaching a more mature and modern shape, much like the country it protects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century_and_origins">19th century and origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th century and origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acci%C3%B3n_del_castillo_de_Maracaibo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Acci%C3%B3n_del_castillo_de_Maracaibo.jpg/220px-Acci%C3%B3n_del_castillo_de_Maracaibo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Acci%C3%B3n_del_castillo_de_Maracaibo.jpg/330px-Acci%C3%B3n_del_castillo_de_Maracaibo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Acci%C3%B3n_del_castillo_de_Maracaibo.jpg/440px-Acci%C3%B3n_del_castillo_de_Maracaibo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="737" /></a><figcaption>"Acción del Castillo de Maracaibo " Painting by José María Espinosa Prieto (1796–1883)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Colombian Navy celebrates its birthday on July 24, the anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Maracaibo" title="Battle of Lake Maracaibo">Battle of Lake Maracaibo</a> fought on July 24, 1823, which was the last large naval battle of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a> and helped cement the South American independence. But the roots of the Navy can be traced 13 years back, to 1810, just a few weeks after the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Declaration of Independence">Colombian Declaration of Independence</a> of July 20, 1810. The president of the Supreme Board of Cartagena, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Garc%C3%ADa_de_Toledo" title="José María García de Toledo">José María García de Toledo</a>, created the Naval Command Office (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Comandancia General de Marina</i>) by means of a decree dated September 17, 1810. The Navy was placed under the command of Captain Juan Nepomuceno Eslava, junior son of the (former) Spanish Viceroy <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_Eslava" title="Sebastián de Eslava">Sebastián de Eslava</a>. During this period, the young navy operated mostly with small <a href="/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">schooners</a>, either acquired directly or by providing <a href="/wiki/Letters_of_marque" class="mw-redirect" title="Letters of marque">letters of marque</a> to friendly <a href="/wiki/Sea_captain" title="Sea captain">captains</a> which then operated as part or on behalf of the navy. Some of these captains would obtain later renown during the independence war, like <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bri%C3%B3n" title="Luis Brión">Luis Brión</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renato_Beluche" title="Renato Beluche">Renato Beluche</a>. This small navy was effective in limited operations intercepting Spanish ships, but was not strong enough to attack port cities, as evidenced by the failed attacks to Santa Marta (1813) and Portobello (1814). </p><p>During 1815, a Spanish army headed by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Morillo" title="Pablo Morillo">Pablo Morillo</a> besieged Cartagena, as the first step of its "Pacifying Expedition" (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Expedición Pacificadora</i>). The five-month siege was so harsh that earned the city its title of "Heroic" (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">La Heróica</i>). The small independent navy was impotent against the large fleet commanded by Morillo, but nevertheless managed some daring actions, in particular that of Luis Brión, who attempted to run the blockade with his corvette <i>Dard</i> with a load of guns and powder to the city before fleeing again to Haiti. In 1816, <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Simón Bolívar">Simón Bolívar</a> attempted his first campaign, the Cayos expedition, sailing from Haiti with seven schooners and <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvettes</a>: <i>Bolivar</i>, <i>Mariño</i>, <i>Piar</i>, <i>Constitución</i>, <i>Brión</i>, <i>Fénix</i>, and <i>Conejo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Florez1919_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florez1919-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 47–48">: 47–48 </span></sup> But this expedition fizzled out due to infighting amongst its generals shortly after the liberation of <a href="/wiki/Margarita_Island" title="Margarita Island">Margarita Island</a>. </p><p>It was only after the <a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvar%27s_campaign_to_liberate_New_Granada" title="Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada">Liberation Campaign</a> of 1819 that General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Paula_Santander" title="Francisco de Paula Santander">Francisco de Paula Santander</a> created the Naval School on June 28, 1822, and issued additional decrees for the provision of the navy. Admiral <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Prudencio_Padilla" title="José Prudencio Padilla">José Prudencio Padilla</a> would go on reorganizing and building the fleet, to support Bolívar's plans for the campaign of Zulia and the complete liberation of the east. This fleet then engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Maracaibo" title="Battle of Lake Maracaibo">Battle of Lake Maracaibo</a>, which crushed the Spanish naval aspirations in South America. </p><p>In 1824 the first – and only – eight cadet officers graduated from naval school. On March 3, 1826, the Ministry of the Navy was created, with Lino de Clemente as minister. By 1826, both from bought and captured vessels, the Colombian Navy had become a respectable force, commanding a relatively large number of ships, including a <a href="/wiki/Ship_of_the_line" title="Ship of the line">ship of the line</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a>, six corvettes, five <a href="/wiki/Brigantine" title="Brigantine">brigantines</a>, 10 schooners, 13 <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboats</a>, and many minor vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-Florez1919_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florez1919-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 195">: 195 </span></sup> </p><p>But the fledgling government was strapped financially, and in a decree of December 7, 1826, Bolívar decommissioned the Naval school, abolished the Ministry of the Navy, and slashed the budget for all navy and marine affairs by more than half. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Florez1919_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florez1919-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 195–196">: 195–196 </span></sup> The Navy would not recover from this blow for almost a hundred years. The incipient navy of 1825 saw its ships slowly sold, scrapped, or abandoned, and by the late 1830s there were no more than a handful of serviceable ships, mostly assigned to the Army. </p><p>Under President <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Cipriano_de_Mosquera" title="Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera">Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera</a>, a sizeable naval force was acquired during 1866, with the steamers of war <i>Colombia</i>, <i>Cuaspud</i> and <i>Bolívar</i> being purchased in England, and the <i><a href="/wiki/USS_R._R._Cuyler_(1860)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS R. R. Cuyler (1860)">Rayo</a></i> acquired from America. <i>Rayo</i> was the largest, carrying four 9 inch guns, two smaller 30-pounders, and six torpedo launches,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was incorporated into the Colombian fleet after accusations she was due to be delivered to Chile or Peru for the <a href="/wiki/Chincha_Islands_War" title="Chincha Islands War">war against Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not to last, congress decreed the ships of the navy should be sold on June 6, 1867. The <i>Rayo</i> was subsequently blown onto a reef September 12, 1867<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Cuaspud</i> was wrecked on her delivery voyage just eleven days later.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Colombia</i> was sold in 1868, and the <i>Bolívar</i>, last of Mosquera's men-of-war, sold in 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the rest of the 19th century, there was no formal navy to speak of. Some vessels and naval units were assigned to the Army, and throughout the civil wars of the 1880s, some transport vessels were hurriedly bought, and similarly disposed of, but no formal navy appeared.<sup id="cite_ref-Florez1919_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florez1919-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Panol39_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panol39-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 11, 1895, an important step was made in re-establishing the formal Colombian Navy when the three gunboats of the coastguard and the Magdalena were transferred from the Ministry of the Treasury to the Ministry of War.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1907, when President <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Reyes" title="Rafael Reyes">Rafael Reyes Prieto</a> created the Naval Academy, through decree 783 of July 6, 1907, only to be closed off yet again by his successor, <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Valencia" title="Ramón González Valencia">Ramón González Valencia</a> on December 28, 1909. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_War" title="Colombia–Peru War">conflict with Peru in 1932</a> made the Colombian Navy reappear, this time to stay. New ships were acquired and the <i>"Escuela de Grumetes"</i> (Navy Sailors School) was founded in 1934 and the <i>"Escuela de Cadetes"</i> (Navy Officers School) was founded in 1935. Nowadays both schools continue their work of instructing the Colombian men and women of the sea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II#The_Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Colombia during World War II">Colombia during World War II § The Military Forces of Colombia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II#The_Battle_of_the_Caribbean" title="Colombia during World War II">Colombia during World War II § The Battle of the Caribbean</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombian_destroyer_Caldas_in_the_1940s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Colombian_destroyer_Caldas_in_the_1940s.jpg/220px-Colombian_destroyer_Caldas_in_the_1940s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Colombian_destroyer_Caldas_in_the_1940s.jpg/330px-Colombian_destroyer_Caldas_in_the_1940s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Colombian_destroyer_Caldas_in_the_1940s.jpg/440px-Colombian_destroyer_Caldas_in_the_1940s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Colombian destroyer <i>Caldas</i> in the 1940s</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Colombia initially declared its neutrality, but nevertheless leaned towards the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> cause; between 1939 and 1941 nothing much changed either in political relations nor in the sea, as the war was seen as a mostly European issue. The Japanese <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> in December 1941 changed things somewhat and prompted Colombia to break diplomatic relations with the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> countries, but not to formally declare war. By 1942 the Colombian Navy found itself performing regular patrols in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>-something that was only occasionally done in the years previous to the war-due to German <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> marauding the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> access routes, mostly hunting for American and British vessels entering or leaving the canal.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> These German hunting runs, despite the Colombian Navy patrols, eventually resulted in the sinking of three Colombian ships during 1942–43, under circumstances that were never fully cleared up.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three vessels were: <i>Resolute</i>, a 52-tonne<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> schooner sunk on June 23, 1942, by <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-172" title="German submarine U-172"><i>U-172</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Roamar</i> (originally registered as <i>Urious</i>), a 110-tonne schooner sunk on July 27, 1942, by <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-505" title="German submarine U-505"><i>U-505</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and finally, <i>Rubby</i>, a 39-tonne schooner sunk on November 1, 1943, by the <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-516" title="German submarine U-516">German submarine <i>U-516</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Rubby</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s sinking led to Colombia formally declaring a 'belligerent status' against Germany and the other Axis powers on November 23, 1943<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a result the Colombian Navy significantly stepped up its presence in the Caribbean after this date and throughout the rest of the war. </p><p>Perhaps the most well-known engagement of the Colombian Navy during the war occurred on March 29, 1944, as the <a href="/wiki/Tanker_(ship)" title="Tanker (ship)">tanker</a> <i>MC Cabimas</i> was en route from Cartagena to <a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a> escorted by the <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyer</a> ARC <i>Caldas</i>, the latter under the command of Captain Federico Diago Díaz. Around 8:00 pm, <i>Caldas</i> detected the <a href="/wiki/Periscope" title="Periscope">periscope</a> of a U-boat and proceeded to engage it with cannon fire and <a href="/wiki/Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">depth charges</a>. Later accounts identified this U-boat as <a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-154_(1941)" title="German submarine U-154 (1941)"><i>U-154</i></a>. While badly shaken and perhaps damaged, <i>U-154</i> managed to escape, and was sunk four months later in another engagement with <a href="/wiki/USS_Frost" title="USS Frost">USS <i>Frost</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Inch" title="USS Inch">USS <i>Inch</i></a>. For his quick reaction in defence of the national seas, Captain Diago Díaz was later decorated by the Colombian government.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korean_War">Korean War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Korean War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TAcoma_class_frigates_fantails_Korea_1952.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/TAcoma_class_frigates_fantails_Korea_1952.jpeg/220px-TAcoma_class_frigates_fantails_Korea_1952.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/TAcoma_class_frigates_fantails_Korea_1952.jpeg/330px-TAcoma_class_frigates_fantails_Korea_1952.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/TAcoma_class_frigates_fantails_Korea_1952.jpeg/440px-TAcoma_class_frigates_fantails_Korea_1952.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2394" /></a><figcaption>Ships of four nations alongside the US Navy repair ship <a href="/wiki/USS_Jason_(AR-8)" title="USS Jason (AR-8)"><i>Jason</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Han_River_(Korea)" title="Han River (Korea)">Han Estuary</a>, South Korea, 16 January 1952. The ships (L-R) are: <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Murchison" title="HMAS Murchison">HMAS <i>Murchison</i></a>, ARC <i>Almirante Padilla</i>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Gloucester_(PF-22)" title="USS Gloucester (PF-22)">USS <i>Gloucester</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/USS_Tacoma_(PF-3)" title="USS Tacoma (PF-3)">ROKS <i>Taedong</i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Colombia was signatory to the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> in 1943, and one of the original 51 signatory countries to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">San Francisco Conference</a>. As such, when the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> erupted, and the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> issued S/RES/83 : Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and decided the formation and dispatch of the UN Forces in Korea, Colombia was the only sovereign country<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Latin America that offered support, by sending a frigate (afterwards, Colombia also provided an infantry battalion). This act, and the subsequent effort and sacrifice of the Colombian troops and sailors on the defense of South Korea have made the relationship between South Korea and Colombia much closer ever since. The Colombian forces deployed in Korea became known as the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Battalion" title="Colombian Battalion">Colombian Battalion</a>. </p><p>Perhaps not surprisingly, there were multiple opinions in the US about accepting this help: On the one side, the State Department wanted to make sure the UN-sponsored operation had indeed the collaboration of multiple countries, the Treasury viewed it with disbelief and worried about the underlying extra cost that such 'help' would likely represent and might need to be paid by the US in the end, and the Defense Department wanted as much external help as possible, while also losing sleep about the logistics nightmare of integrating foreign units with little knowledge of its standards and even the language. Finally, the Colombian offer was accepted, and with Government Decree 3230 of October 23, 1950, Colombia's participation becomes formal and the Navy Ops Chief would receive orders to incorporate the Colombian frigate to the Order of Battle, under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Seventh_Fleet" title="United States Seventh Fleet">7th Fleet's</a> Task Force 95. Eventually, Colombia provided three frigates that would rotate their service throughout 1951–1955.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubianogroot_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubianogroot-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ARC_Almirante_Padilla_(CM_51).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ARC_Almirante_Padilla_%28CM_51%29.jpg/220px-ARC_Almirante_Padilla_%28CM_51%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ARC_Almirante_Padilla_%28CM_51%29.jpg/330px-ARC_Almirante_Padilla_%28CM_51%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/ARC_Almirante_Padilla_%28CM_51%29.jpg/440px-ARC_Almirante_Padilla_%28CM_51%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="517" /></a><figcaption>ARC <i>Almirante Padilla</i> (CM 51) circa 1948.</figcaption></figure> <p>The frigate ARC <i>Almirante Padilla</i><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took to sea on November 1, 1950<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under command of CC Julio Cesar Reyes Canal, stopping at <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego, California</a>, for fitting and then at Hawaii for operations training with the US Navy, finally reaching its destination at the Korean coast on May 14, 1951. <i>Almirante Padilla</i> performed operations with the escort groups GT95.5 and Blockade GT95.2, participated in the coastal bombardment at <a href="/wiki/Wonsan" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a> and patrol runs at Wonsan, <a href="/wiki/Seongjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Seongjin">Seongjin</a> and the islands of Cho-Do and Seok-Do; it finished its first tour on January 19, 1952. </p><p>The frigate ARC <i>Capitán Tono</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under command of CC Hernando Berón Victoria replaced <i>Almirante Padilla</i> in January, and performed patrol and coast operations also around Wonsan and Seongjin, and submarine patrol around the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fleet_Activities_Sasebo" title="United States Fleet Activities Sasebo">Sasebo naval base</a>; it received the Republic of Korea Merit medal for its support to the naval operations in the area; it finished its first tour on November 12, 1952. </p><p>The frigate ARC <i>Almirante Brión</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under command of CC Carlos Prieto Silva formally relieved <i>Capitán Tono</i> in November 1952. However, it only arrived in the area by June 1953, as it had to be refitted in Japan due to some damages during its previous tour as USS <i>Burlington</i>. It performed patrols at the same areas as its <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ships</a> and would finish its first tour on May 17, 1954. </p><p>An uncommon detail about the two newer frigates, <i>Capitán Tono</i> and <i>Almirante Brión</i> is that they were both already in the region after serving in World War II first with the US Navy and then the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> under the <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a> program and the secret <a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a>; they were returned to the US Navy at Japan in 1949; they sailed in the Korean theater with the US Navy during 1950–1951 before being acquired by the Colombian Navy at Japan under the <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Defense_Assistance_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual Defense Assistance Program">Mutual Defense Assistance Program</a> so their crews had to be sent to Japan by different means, and the ships themselves never saw the Colombian coast until their arrival to the country after the war effort in 1955, so the Colombian Navy started the campaign with only one frigate, but finished it with three. </p><p>All three frigates continued their service tours, until October 1955, and distinguished themselves in their duty along with other units from United States, Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea and Thailand, amongst others.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubianogroot_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubianogroot-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anti-piracy_operations_in_the_Horn_of_Africa">Anti-piracy operations in the Horn of Africa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Anti-piracy operations in the Horn of Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy in Somalia">Piracy in Somalia</a></div> <p>On 27 July 2015, the Colombian <a href="/wiki/Offshore_patrol_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore patrol vessel">offshore patrol vessel</a> ARC <i>7 de Agosto</i> set sail from the port city of <a href="/wiki/Cartagena_de_Indias" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartagena de Indias">Cartagena de Indias</a> to take part in both <a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ocean_Shield" title="Operation Ocean Shield">Operation Ocean Shield</a>. During the operations, the Colombian Navy monitored over 400 watercraft near the coast of Somalia.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operations also saw an opportunity for the Colombian Navy patrol vessel to perform naval exercises with other navies taking part in the surveillance efforts; amongst them where <i>Hyanë</i> and <i>Erfurt</i> of the <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_ship_Galicia_(L51)" title="Spanish ship Galicia (L51)"><i>Galicia</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_frigate_Victoria" title="Spanish frigate Victoria"><i>Victoria</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_patrol_vessel_Meteoro_(P-41)" title="Spanish patrol vessel Meteoro (P-41)"><i>Meteoro</i></a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the destroyer <a href="/wiki/JS_Akizuki" title="JS Akizuki">JS <i>Akizuki</i></a> of the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/HDMS_Absalon_(F341)" title="HDMS Absalon (F341)">HDMS <i>Absalon</i></a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy" title="Royal Danish Navy">Royal Danish Navy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While stationed on <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Seychelles" title="Victoria, Seychelles">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a>, the crew aboard ARC <i>7 de Agosto</i> also instructed and shared information, with members of the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles_Coast_Guard" title="Seychelles Coast Guard">Seychelles Coast Guard</a> and Maritime Police, on structural and naval operations.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engagements_and_Conflicts">Engagements and Conflicts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Engagements and Conflicts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Maracaibo" title="Battle of Lake Maracaibo">Battle of Lake Maracaibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand Days War">Thousand Days War</a> (Civil war)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia-Peru_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombia-Peru War">Colombia-Peru War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Armed_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Armed Conflict">Colombian Armed Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Atalanta" title="Operation Atalanta">Operation Atalanta</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ocean_Shield" title="Operation Ocean Shield">Operation Ocean Shield</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Navy is part of the executive branch of the Colombian Government, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a> being the commander-in-chief of all military forces, via the civilian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Colombia)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Colombia)">Minister of Defense</a>, and the General Commander of Military Forces (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Comandante General Fuerzas Militares</i>), who is a senior officer appointed by the president from any of the 3 services (Army, Aerospace Force or Navy). The most senior officer organic to the Navy is the Commander of the Navy (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Comandante de la Armada Nacional</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forces_and_Commands">Forces and Commands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Forces and Commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Colombian Navy operates with 8 specialized forces or commands across the territory: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Naval_Infantry" title="Colombian Naval Infantry">Marine Infantry Command</a></b>: Land, amphibious and riverine operations across all territory.</li> <li><b>Naval Force of the Pacific</b>: Surface and submarine defense and patrol of the Colombian Pacific sea.</li> <li><b>Naval Force of the Caribbean</b>: Surface and submarine defense and patrol of the Colombian Caribbean sea.</li> <li><b>Naval Force of the South</b>: Riverine operations across the Southern and Southeastern areas of the country.</li> <li><b>Naval Force of the East</b><sup id="cite_ref-the_National_Armada_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the_National_Armada-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Comando_de_Guardacostas" class="mw-redirect" title="Comando de Guardacostas">Comando de Guardacostas</a></b>: Maritime security, control, monitoring and interdiction in both Caribbean and Pacific seas.</li> <li><b><a href="#Aircraft">Navy Aviation Command</a></b>: Naval air support, surveillance, transport and logistics and Search and Rescue.</li> <li><b>Specific Command of San Andres y Providencia</b>: Surface and submarine defense and patrol of the Colombian Caribbean sea around the San Andres Archipelago.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_educational_institutions">Naval educational institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Naval educational institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with the 7 operational commands above, the Colombian Navy maintains 3 major training schools for its personnel: </p> <ul><li>Naval Academy: Escuela Naval de Cadetes "Almirante Padilla"</li> <li>Navy NCO School: <i>Escuela Naval de Suboficiales ARC Barranquilla</i></li> <li>Marine Infantry Basic School: <i>Escuela de Formación Infantería de Marina</i></li></ul> <p>The Navy also has 12 other post graduate schools aimed at sharpening and intensifying the needed capacities and personnel of the various naval services and the Marine Corps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operating_Bases">Operating Bases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Operating Bases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombian_Navy_(ARC)_Major_bases.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Major_bases.svg/220px-Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Major_bases.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Major_bases.svg/330px-Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Major_bases.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Major_bases.svg/440px-Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Major_bases.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="1143" /></a><figcaption>Major naval bases of the Colombian Navy<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00deff; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Exclusive Economic Zone<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombian_Navy_(ARC)_Navy_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Navy_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg/16px-Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Navy_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Navy_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg/24px-Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Navy_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Navy_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg/32px-Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Navy_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Navy: Naval, Riverine and Primary Operating bases<br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombian_Navy_(ARC)_Marine_Infantry_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Marine_Infantry_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg/16px-Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Marine_Infantry_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Marine_Infantry_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg/24px-Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Marine_Infantry_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Marine_Infantry_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg/32px-Colombian_Navy_%28ARC%29_Marine_Infantry_Sleeve_Insignia_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Marine Infantry: Primary base and training school</figcaption></figure> <p>The ARC maintains a number of major bases in both Caribbean and Pacific littorals, as well as multiple operational riverine bases scattered over the territory. <br /> The principal naval bases are: </p> <ul><li>Naval Base <i>ARC Bolívar</i> (BN-1), near <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombian_Navy&params=10_24_42.91_N_75_32_55.62_W_region:CO&title=Naval+Base+%27%27ARC+Bol%C3%ADvar%27%27+%28BN-1%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">10°24′42.91″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°32′55.62″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">10.4119194°N 75.5487833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">10.4119194; -75.5487833</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Naval Base <i>ARC Bolívar</i> (BN-1)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Naval Base <i><a href="/wiki/Malaga_Naval_Base,_Colombia" title="Malaga Naval Base, Colombia">ARC Bahía Málaga</a></i> (BN-2), near <a href="/wiki/Buenaventura,_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Buenaventura, Colombia">Buenaventura</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombian_Navy&params=3_58_8.64_N_77_19_1.09_W_region:CO&title=Naval+Base+%27%27ARC+Bah%C3%ADa+M%C3%A1laga%27%27+%28BN-2%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°58′8.64″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°19′1.09″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.9690667°N 77.3169694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">3.9690667; -77.3169694</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Naval Base <i>ARC Bahía Málaga</i> (BN-2)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Naval Base <i>ARC Leguízamo</i> (BN-3), near <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Legu%C3%ADzamo" title="Puerto Leguízamo">Puerto Leguízamo</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombian_Navy&params=0_12_10.92_S_74_46_37.29_W_region:CO&title=Naval+Base+%27%27ARC+Legu%C3%ADzamo%27%27+%28BN-3%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°12′10.92″S</span> <span class="longitude">74°46′37.29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.2030333°S 74.7770250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-0.2030333; -74.7770250</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Naval Base <i>ARC Leguízamo</i> (BN-3)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Naval Base <i>ARC San Andrés</i> (BN-4), at <a href="/wiki/San_Andres_y_Providencia" class="mw-redirect" title="San Andres y Providencia">San Andrés</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombian_Navy&params=12_31_31.16_N_81_43_48.61_W_region:CO&title=Naval+Base+%27%27ARC+San+Andr%C3%A9s%27%27+%28BN-4%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°31′31.16″N</span> <span class="longitude">81°43′48.61″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.5253222°N 81.7301694°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">12.5253222; -81.7301694</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Naval Base <i>ARC San Andrés</i> (BN-4)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Naval Base <i>ARC Puerto Carreño</i> (BN-5), near <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Carre%C3%B1o" title="Puerto Carreño">Puerto Carreño</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombian_Navy&params=6_10_43.63_N_67_28_54.49_W_region:CO&title=Naval+Base+%27%27ARC+Puerto+Carre%C3%B1o%27%27+%28BN-5%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°10′43.63″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°28′54.49″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.1787861°N 67.4818028°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.1787861; -67.4818028</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Naval Base <i>ARC Puerto Carreño</i> (BN-5)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li></ul> <p>some of the more important operational bases are: </p> <ul><li>Riverine and Coast Guard Post, near <a href="/wiki/Tumaco" title="Tumaco">Tumaco</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombian_Navy&params=1_48_43.56_N_78_45_59.33_W_region:CO&title=Riverine+and+Coast+Guard+Post%2C+Tumaco"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">1°48′43.56″N</span> <span class="longitude">78°45′59.33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">1.8121000°N 78.7664806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">1.8121000; -78.7664806</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Riverine and Coast Guard Post, Tumaco</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Riverine and Marine Infantry Post, near <a href="/wiki/Leticia,_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Leticia, Colombia">Leticia</a>, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombian_Navy&params=4_12_48.25_S_69_56_46.23_W_region:CO&title=Riverine+and+Marine+Infantry+Post%2C+Leticia"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°12′48.25″S</span> <span class="longitude">69°56′46.23″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4.2134028°S 69.9461750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-4.2134028; -69.9461750</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Riverine and Marine Infantry Post, Leticia</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Riverine and Marine Infantry Post, near <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Berr%C3%ADo" title="Puerto Berrío">Puerto Berrío</a> <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombian_Navy&params=6_29_27.32_N_74_23_44.91_W_region:CO&title=Riverine+and+Marine+Infantry+Post%2C+Puerto+Berr%C3%ADo"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°29′27.32″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°23′44.91″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.4909222°N 74.3958083°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.4909222; -74.3958083</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Riverine and Marine Infantry Post, Puerto Berrío</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Riverine and Marine Infantry Post, near <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Carre%C3%B1o" title="Puerto Carreño">Puerto Carreño</a> <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombian_Navy&params=6_10_43.63_N_67_28_54.49_W_region:CO&title=Riverine+and+Marine+Infantry+Post%2C+Puerto+Carre%C3%B1o"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">6°10′43.63″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°28′54.49″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">6.1787861°N 67.4818028°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">6.1787861; -67.4818028</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Riverine and Marine Infantry Post, Puerto Carreño</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li> <li>Riverine and Marine Infantry Post, near <a href="/wiki/Puerto_In%C3%ADrida" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Inírida">Puerto Inírida</a> <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Colombian_Navy&params=3_52_7.35_N_67_55_43.41_W_region:CO&title=Riverine+and+Marine+Infantry+Post%2C+Puerto+In%C3%ADrida"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">3°52′7.35″N</span> <span class="longitude">67°55′43.41″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">3.8687083°N 67.9287250°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">3.8687083; -67.9287250</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Riverine and Marine Infantry Post, Puerto Inírida</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></li></ul> <p>The Colombian Navy also plans to establish a naval base in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, to be called the "Almirante Padilla Summer Scientific Station".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, the Colombian Navy had approximately 35,000 personnel, including roughly 22,000 Marine Infantry, 8,000 sailors and NCOs, 2,500 officers, 1,300 personnel in training and some 2,000 civilians (these usually deployed to specialty technical or medical posts).<sup id="cite_ref-logrosPISDP2013_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-logrosPISDP2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranks_&_Insignias"><span id="Ranks_.26_Insignias"></span>Ranks & Insignias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ranks & Insignias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Colombian_Armed_Forces" title="Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces">Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Marine_Infantry#Ranks_&_Insignias" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Marine Infantry">Colombian Marine Infantry § Ranks & Insignias</a></div> <p>The tables below display the rank structures and rank insignias for the Colombian Navy personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ley-1405-2010_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ley-1405-2010-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-no-NATO_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no-NATO-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officers">Officers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="10">General/flag officers </th> <th colspan="6">Senior officers </th> <th colspan="8">Junior officers </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombian_National_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian National Navy">Colombian National Navy</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Colombia_Navy_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colombia_Navy-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Generic-Navy-3.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Generic-Navy-3.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Generic-Navy-3.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Generic-Navy-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Generic-Navy-2.svg/50px-Generic-Navy-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Generic-Navy-2.svg/75px-Generic-Navy-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Generic-Navy-2.svg/100px-Generic-Navy-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="277" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">Almirante</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">Vicealmirante</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Counter_admiral" title="Counter admiral">Contralmirante</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Ship-of-the-line_captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship-of-the-line captain">Capitán de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Frigate_captain" title="Frigate captain">Capitán de fragata</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Corvette_captain" title="Corvette captain">Capitán de corbeta</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Ship-of-the-line_lieutenant" title="Ship-of-the-line lieutenant">Teniente de navío</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Frigate_lieutenant" title="Frigate lieutenant">Teniente de fragata</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Corvette_lieutenant" title="Corvette lieutenant">Teniente de corbeta</a></i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Abbr. </th> <td colspan="2">- </td> <td colspan="2">ALM </td> <td colspan="2">- </td> <td colspan="2">VALM </td> <td colspan="2">CALM </td> <td colspan="2">CN </td> <td colspan="2">CF </td> <td colspan="2">CC </td> <td colspan="2">TN </td> <td colspan="3">TF </td> <td colspan="3">TK </td> <td colspan="12">- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enlisted">Enlisted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Enlisted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center; width: 100%"> <th>Rank group </th> <th colspan="22">Senior NCOs </th> <th colspan="6">Junior NCOs </th> <th colspan="8">Enlisted </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombian_National_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian National Navy">Colombian National Navy</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Colombia_Navy_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colombia_Navy-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul class="navbar-brackets"><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OR/Colombia" title="Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OR/Colombia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OR/Colombia" title="Template talk:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OR/Colombia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks_and_Insignia_of_Non_NATO_Navies/OR/Colombia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Navies/OR/Colombia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_Conjunto_ARC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_Conjunto_ARC.svg/50px-Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_Conjunto_ARC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_Conjunto_ARC.svg/75px-Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_Conjunto_ARC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_Conjunto_ARC.svg/100px-Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_Conjunto_ARC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="742" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_ARC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_ARC.svg/50px-Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_ARC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_ARC.svg/75px-Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_ARC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_ARC.svg/100px-Suboficial_Jefe_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Comando_ARC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="742" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suboficial_jefe_tecnico_armada_colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Suboficial_jefe_tecnico_armada_colombia.svg/50px-Suboficial_jefe_tecnico_armada_colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Suboficial_jefe_tecnico_armada_colombia.svg/75px-Suboficial_jefe_tecnico_armada_colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Suboficial_jefe_tecnico_armada_colombia.svg/100px-Suboficial_jefe_tecnico_armada_colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="792" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suboficial_jefe_armada_colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suboficial_jefe_armada_colombia.svg/50px-Suboficial_jefe_armada_colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suboficial_jefe_armada_colombia.svg/75px-Suboficial_jefe_armada_colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suboficial_jefe_armada_colombia.svg/100px-Suboficial_jefe_armada_colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="792" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suboficial_primero_armada_colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Suboficial_primero_armada_colombia.svg/50px-Suboficial_primero_armada_colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Suboficial_primero_armada_colombia.svg/75px-Suboficial_primero_armada_colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Suboficial_primero_armada_colombia.svg/100px-Suboficial_primero_armada_colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="792" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suboficial_segundo_armada_colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Suboficial_segundo_armada_colombia.svg/50px-Suboficial_segundo_armada_colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Suboficial_segundo_armada_colombia.svg/75px-Suboficial_segundo_armada_colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Suboficial_segundo_armada_colombia.svg/100px-Suboficial_segundo_armada_colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="792" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suboficial_tercero_armada_colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Suboficial_tercero_armada_colombia.svg/50px-Suboficial_tercero_armada_colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Suboficial_tercero_armada_colombia.svg/75px-Suboficial_tercero_armada_colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Suboficial_tercero_armada_colombia.svg/100px-Suboficial_tercero_armada_colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="792" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marinero_primero_armada_colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Marinero_primero_armada_colombia.svg/50px-Marinero_primero_armada_colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Marinero_primero_armada_colombia.svg/75px-Marinero_primero_armada_colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Marinero_primero_armada_colombia.svg/100px-Marinero_primero_armada_colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="792" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marinero_segundo_armada_colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Marinero_segundo_armada_colombia.svg/50px-Marinero_segundo_armada_colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Marinero_segundo_armada_colombia.svg/75px-Marinero_segundo_armada_colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Marinero_segundo_armada_colombia.svg/100px-Marinero_segundo_armada_colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="792" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Suboficial jefe técnico de comando conjunto</i></span> </td> <td colspan="3"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Suboficial jefe técnico de comando</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Suboficial jefe técnico</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Suboficial jefe</i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Suboficial primero</i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Suboficial segundo</i></span> </td> <td colspan="4"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Suboficial tercero</i></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Sailor_first_class" title="Sailor first class">Marinero primero</a></i></span> </td> <td colspan="6"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Marinero segundo</i></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Abbr. </th> <td colspan="3">SJTCC </td> <td colspan="3">SJTC </td> <td colspan="2">SJT </td> <td colspan="2">SJ </td> <td colspan="6">S1 </td> <td colspan="6">S2 </td> <td colspan="4">S3 </td> <td colspan="2">MA1 </td> <td colspan="6">MA2 </td> <td colspan="2">- </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ships">Ships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_ships_of_the_Colombian_Navy" title="List of active ships of the Colombian Navy">List of active ships of the Colombian Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_decommissioned_ships_of_the_Colombian_Navy" title="List of decommissioned ships of the Colombian Navy">List of decommissioned ships of the Colombian Navy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ARC_Almirante_Padilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/ARC_Almirante_Padilla.jpg/220px-ARC_Almirante_Padilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/ARC_Almirante_Padilla.jpg/330px-ARC_Almirante_Padilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/ARC_Almirante_Padilla.jpg/440px-ARC_Almirante_Padilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption>ARC <i>Almirante Padilla</i> (FM-51)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/ARC_Juan_Ricardo_Oyola_Vera" title="ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera"><img resource="/wiki/File:ARC_Juan_Ricardo_Oyola_Vera.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/ARC_Juan_Ricardo_Oyola_Vera.jpg/220px-ARC_Juan_Ricardo_Oyola_Vera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/ARC_Juan_Ricardo_Oyola_Vera.jpg/330px-ARC_Juan_Ricardo_Oyola_Vera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/ARC_Juan_Ricardo_Oyola_Vera.jpg/440px-ARC_Juan_Ricardo_Oyola_Vera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2615" data-file-height="886" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/ARC_Juan_Ricardo_Oyola_Vera" title="ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera">ARC <i>Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera</i> (NF-613)</a> in Cartagena</figcaption></figure> <p>In keeping with its three major operational scenarios: blue-water operations, littoral/riverine operations and coast guard, the ARC maintains a mix of ships suited to each of those profiles. The scope of its operation has been historically oriented towards lightly armed coastal patrol, and as such, the majority of its vessels had been usually mid-size <a href="/wiki/Cutter_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutter (ship)">cutters</a>. Traditionally, the ARC has had strong ties to the American and German navies and shipbuilders and much of its equipment traces its roots to them.<br /> Similar to other navies in the Latin-American region, the Colombian Navy acquired many vessels in the postwar years of the 1950s and 1960s, usually as war surplus from the US Navy, and then went through a somewhat dormant period during the 1960s to 1980s, during which few major acquisitions were performed. </p><p>In more recent years, the Colombian Navy has seen two major periods of upgrading and modernization of its equipment: <br /> The first period, as a result of the rise of the drug trade in the late 1970s and 1980s as well as, at the time, increased political tensions in the Caribbean due to territorial disputes with some of its neighbors -with Nicaragua over the <a href="/wiki/San_Andres_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Andres (island)">San Andres archipelago</a> and with Venezuela over the <a href="/wiki/Los_Monjes_Archipelago" title="Los Monjes Archipelago">Los Monjes Archipelago</a>- saw the need for a stronger Caribbean patrol force, and resulted in the acquisition of its biggest vessels to date, four missile corvettes (later upgraded to light frigates) in 1983 as well as some additional patrol craft. </p><p>The second period, as a consequence of the deepening in the internal <a href="/wiki/Colombian_armed_conflict_(1964%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian armed conflict (1964–present)">Colombian conflict</a>, started in the late 1990s and extended over to 2005–2006, provided strengthening of its riverine and littoral capabilities, involving research and development for new indigenous designs in collaboration with the state-owned <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cotecmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cotecmar (page does not exist)">Cotecmar</a> shipyards that resulted in new types of vessels such as the state-of-the-art Riverine Support Patrol Boats (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Patrullera de Apoyo Fluvial, "PAF"</i>), also called "riverine mothership" (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Nodriza Fluvial</i>) like <a href="/wiki/ARC_Juan_Ricardo_Oyola_Vera" title="ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera">ARC <i>Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera</i></a> (NF-613) which have drawn the eye of other navies with similar requirements. </p><p>Currently, the ARC is working on additional medium and long-term programs, including the development and acquisition of a number of coastal patrol vessels (Fassmer CPV-40) <sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cpv40_launch_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpv40_launch-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2011–2012, two oceanic patrol vessels (Fassmer OPV-80) (2011–2013),<sup id="cite_ref-porque_OPV_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-porque_OPV-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the research and development of an indigenous corvette or frigate-class vessel (<i>"Plataforma Estratégica de Superficie"</i>), planned towards 2018–2020.<sup id="cite_ref-porque_OPV_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-porque_OPV-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>7 October 2011, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> is to donate a recently retired <a href="/wiki/Pohang-class_corvette" title="Pohang-class corvette"><i>Pohang</i>-class</a> corvette to <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> as part of a drive to boost arms exports to the <a href="/wiki/South_American" class="mw-redirect" title="South American">South American</a> region. <i>An-Yang</i> (PCC-755) was <a href="/wiki/Ship_commissioning#Ship_decommissioning" title="Ship commissioning">decommissioned</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Navy" title="Republic of Korea Navy">Republic of Korea Navy</a> (RoKN) on 29 September, having been active for some 28 years since entering service in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2022, the Colombian Navy signed a contract for the design & construction of 5 new frigates as part of the PES programma with Cotecmar shipyard and Damen Shipyards based on the <a href="/wiki/Sigma-class_design" title="Sigma-class design">SIGMA10514</a> design for delivery from 2026 onwards <sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_Naval_Aviation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_Naval_Aviation.svg/100px-Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_Naval_Aviation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_Naval_Aviation.svg/150px-Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_Naval_Aviation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_Naval_Aviation.svg/200px-Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_Naval_Aviation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption>Colombian Naval Aviation roundel.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_070901-N-1713L-047_A_Panamanian_airman_guides_a_Colombian_CN-235_aircraft_onto_the_tarmac_at_Tocumen_International_Airport_as_part_of_the_Combined_Forces_Air_Combatant_Command_during_PANAMAX_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/US_Navy_070901-N-1713L-047_A_Panamanian_airman_guides_a_Colombian_CN-235_aircraft_onto_the_tarmac_at_Tocumen_International_Airport_as_part_of_the_Combined_Forces_Air_Combatant_Command_during_PANAMAX_2007.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/US_Navy_070901-N-1713L-047_A_Panamanian_airman_guides_a_Colombian_CN-235_aircraft_onto_the_tarmac_at_Tocumen_International_Airport_as_part_of_the_Combined_Forces_Air_Combatant_Command_during_PANAMAX_2007.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/US_Navy_070901-N-1713L-047_A_Panamanian_airman_guides_a_Colombian_CN-235_aircraft_onto_the_tarmac_at_Tocumen_International_Airport_as_part_of_the_Combined_Forces_Air_Combatant_Command_during_PANAMAX_2007.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Colombian CN-235 aircraft at Panama Tocumen International Airport during PANAMAX 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The Navy Aviation Command operates approximately 17 fixed and rotary wing aircraft for naval surveillance and patrol, Search and Rescue (SAR), and logistical support of naval facilities and operations. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="width:75%; border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Colombian Navy – Aircraft<sup id="cite_ref-service_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-service-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">Aircraft </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">Origin </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">Type </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">Versions </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">In service </th> <th style="text-align:left; background:#acc;">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="background-color:#CCCCCC">Fixed Wing </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-212" class="mw-redirect" title="CASA C-212">CASA C-212 Aviocar</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> / <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>Transport</td> <td>C-212-100</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CASA_CN-235" class="mw-redirect" title="CASA CN-235">CASA CN-235</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> / <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>Maritime patrol</td> <td></td> <td>3</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cessna_208B_Grand_Caravan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna 208B Grand Caravan">Cessna 208</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>utility</td> <td></td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">Beechcraft Super King Air</a></td> <td>Transport</td> <td>King Air 350</td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6" style="background-color:#CCCCCC">Rotary Wing </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1N_Twin_Huey" title="Bell UH-1N Twin Huey">Bell UH-1N Twin Huey</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>Transport helicopter</td> <td></td> <td>5</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_412" title="Bell 412">Bell 412HP</a></td> <td>Utility helicopter</td> <td></td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>One lost on 6 January 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-AFMMAR13_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFMMAR13-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MBB/Kawasaki_BK_117" title="MBB/Kawasaki BK 117">MBB/Kawasaki BK 117</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> / <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>Transport helicopter</td> <td></td> <td>1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MBB_Bo_105" title="MBB Bo 105">MBB Bo 105</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>ASW/utility Helicopter</td> <td>Bo 105CB</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_Fennec" title="Eurocopter Fennec">Eurocopter AS 555 Fennec</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>Utility helicopter</td> <td>AS 555</td> <td>2</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Bell 412 EP 4 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Marine Corps">Colombian Marine Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Military Forces of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Colombian_Armed_Forces" title="Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces">Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The marine budget of 1826 was $4,809,077 pesos. The budget for 1827 was $2.026.422, apx. 42%</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">German sources rate it at 35-tonne, but Colombian archives of the time, including the diplomatic note of protest sent on June 26, 1942, via the Switzerland delegation, rate it at 52-tonne</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> is also occasionally noted as another Latin American country to support the effort, but in reality, it is an <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated territory">unincorporated territory</a> of the United States</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ARC <i>Almirante Padilla</i> was the former <a href="/wiki/USS_Groton_(PF-29)" title="USS Groton (PF-29)">USS <i>Groton</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ARC <i>Capitán Tono</i> was the former <a href="/wiki/USS_Bisbee" title="USS Bisbee">USS <i>Bisbee</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ARC <i>Almirante Brión</i> was the former <a href="/wiki/USS_Burlington_(PF-51)" title="USS Burlington (PF-51)">USS <i>Burlington</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-no-NATO-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-no-NATO_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colombia is not a member of <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, so there is not an official equivalence between the Colombian military ranks and those defined by NATO. The displayed parallel is approximate and for illustration purposes only.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources have cited the acquisition of up to 4 CPV-40 vessels,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, as of April 2011, only one has been confirmed launched,<sup id="cite_ref-cpv40_launch_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpv40_launch-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and budgetary constraints may change this number in the future.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colombia.co/en/colombia-country/history/colombias-national-navy-turns-190-years-old/">"Colombia's National Navy turns 190 years old"</a>. 24 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Colombia%27s+National+Navy+turns+190+years+old&rft.date=2013-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colombia.co%2Fen%2Fcolombia-country%2Fhistory%2Fcolombias-national-navy-turns-190-years-old%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-logrosPISDP2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-logrosPISDP2013_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-logrosPISDP2013_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-logrosPISDP2013_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150413195638/http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/Mindefensa/Documentos/descargas/estudios%20sectoriales/info_estadistica/Logros_Sector_Defensa.pdf">"Logros de la Política Integral de Seguridad y Defensa para la Prosperidad - PISDP - Septiembre 2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Republic of Colombia Ministry of National Defense. September 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/Mindefensa/Documentos/descargas/estudios%20sectoriales/info_estadistica/Logros_Sector_Defensa.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-04-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=infodefensa.com&rft.atitle=Colombia+se+une+a+la+operaci%C3%B3n+multinacional+Atalanta-2015+-+Noticias+Infodefensa+Am%C3%A9rica&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft.au=Infodefensa.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infodefensa.com%2Flatam%2F2015%2F03%2F10%2Fnoticia-armada-comlombiana-operacion-multinacional-atalanta2015.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Site_ARC-Mission-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Site_ARC-Mission_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmada_Nacional_de_la_Republica_de_Colombia2014" class="citation web cs1">Armada Nacional de la Republica de Colombia (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armada.mil.co/eng/content/mission">"Mission of the Colombian Navy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140703012148/http://armada.mil.co/eng/content/mission">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Objectives+of+the+Colombian+Navy&rft.date=2014-07&rft.au=Armada+Nacional+de+la+Republica+de+Colombia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armada.mil.co%2Feng%2Fcontent%2Fobjectives-and-functions-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Florez1919-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Florez1919_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Florez1919_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Florez1919_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Florez1919_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlórez1919" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Flórez, L. (September 1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/92442/brblaa14550.pdf"><i>Acción de la Marina Colombiana en la guerra de Independencia</i></a> [<i>Action of the Colombian Navy during the Independence War</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Estado Mayor del Ejército de Colombia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014652/http://www.banrepcultural.org/sites/default/files/92442/brblaa14550.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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AÑO VIII. N. 2732. 24, DECIEMBRE, 1872. PÁG. 1-2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>sidn.ramajudicial</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cyber-corredera&rft.atitle=Pa%C3%B1ol+de+la+historia+%2339%3A+Una+mirada+retrospectiva+a+nuestra+Marina+de+Guerra&rft.au=CA+Luis+Carlos+Jaramillo+Pe%C3%B1a&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyber-corredera.de%2Fpanoles%2FPanol-39.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstados_Unidos_de_Colombia" class="citation web cs1">Estados Unidos de Colombia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sidn.ramajudicial.gov.co/SIDN/NORMATIVA/TEXTOS_COMPLETOS/94_DIARIO_OFICIAL/1895%20(9669%20a%209909)/DO.%209680%20de%201895.pdf">"DIARIO OFICIAL. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Credencial+Historia&rft.atitle=Colombia+y+la+causa+de+los+aliados+en+la+segunda+guerra+mundial&rft.issue=67&rft.date=1995-07-02&rft.au=David+Bushnell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.banrepcultural.org%2Fblaavirtual%2Frevistas%2Fcredencial%2Fjulio95%2Fjulio2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uNocAAAAIBAJ&pg=1544%2C4896508">"La "Resolute" fue hundida por un submarino nazi?"</a> (in Spanish). El Tiempo. 27 June 1986<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+%22Resolute%22+fue+hundida+por+un+submarino+nazi%3F&rft.date=1986-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DuNocAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1544%252C4896508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jVoqAAAAIBAJ&pg=7012%2C357322">"Satisfacciones morales y materiales exige Colombia del gobierno Alemán"</a> (in Spanish). El Tiempo. 27 June 1942<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=Patrol+info+for+U-172%2C+Departure+11+May+1942&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uboat.net%2Fboats%2Fpatrols%2Fpatrol_4016.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelgason" class="citation web cs1">Helgason, Guðmundur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1080.html">"Patrol info for U-505, Departure 7 Jun 1942"</a>. <i>German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080904213009/http://www.uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1080.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=Patrol+info+for+U-505%2C+Departure+7+Jun+1942&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uboat.net%2Fboats%2Fpatrols%2Fpatrol_1080.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelgason" class="citation web cs1">Helgason, Guðmundur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1151.html">"Patrol info for U-516, Departure 4 Oct 1943"</a>. <i>German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107160610/http://www.uboat.net/boats/patrols/patrol_1151.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+U-boats+of+WWII+-+uboat.net&rft.atitle=Patrol+info+for+U-516%2C+Departure+4+Oct+1943&rft.aulast=Helgason&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%B0mundur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uboat.net%2Fboats%2Fpatrols%2Fpatrol_1151.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ODQgAAAAIBAJ&pg=1720%2C2430480">"Estado de beligerancia con Alemania"</a> (in Spanish). El Tiempo. 27 November 1943<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Estado+de+beligerancia+con+Alemania&rft.date=1943-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DODQgAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1720%252C2430480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-176772">"Clave 1944 ARC Caldas hunde submarino nazi"</a> (in Spanish). El Tiempo. 22 April 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003190103/http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-176772">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Clave+1944+ARC+Caldas+hunde+submarino+nazi&rft.date=1991-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eltiempo.com%2Farchivo%2Fdocumento%2FMAM-176772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Dw4dAAAAIBAJ&pg=1588%2C2571619">"Brillante victoria de la Marina Colombiana"</a> (in Spanish). El Tiempo. 31 March 1944<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brillante+victoria+de+la+Marina+Colombiana&rft.date=1944-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DDw4dAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1588%252C2571619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcíaBernal2011" class="citation journal cs1">García, C.N. Ricardo; Bernal (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/revistaarmada/docs/revistaarmadaedicion98/63#">"El "M.C. Cabimas", Primer buque petolero de la Armada Nacional"</a>. <i>Revista Armada</i> (98, February 2011). Armada de la República de Colombia: 60–63. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1692-1097">1692-1097</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140730001822/http://issuu.com/revistaarmada/docs/revistaarmadaedicion98/63">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Armada&rft.atitle=El+%22M.C.+Cabimas%22%2C+Primer+buque+petolero+de+la+Armada+Nacional&rft.issue=98%2C+February+2011&rft.pages=60-63&rft.date=2011-02&rft.issn=1692-1097&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=C.N.+Ricardo&rft.au=Bernal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Frevistaarmada%2Fdocs%2Frevistaarmadaedicion98%2F63%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_Security_Council1950" class="citation web cs1">United Nations Security Council (27 July 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/88%281950%29">"Complaint of aggression upon the Republic of Korea"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140608021534/http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S%2FRES%2F88%281950%29">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Complaint+of+aggression+upon+the+Republic+of+Korea&rft.date=1950-07-27&rft.au=United+Nations+Security+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fga%2Fsearch%2Fview_doc.asp%3Fsymbol%3DS%2FRES%2F88%25281950%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rubianogroot-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rubianogroot_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubianogroot_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCN_Mario_Rubianogroot_Román_,_Asociacion_Colombiana_de_los_Descendientes_de_Veteranos_de_la_Guerra_de_Corea2012" class="citation web cs1">CN Mario Rubianogroot Román , Asociacion Colombiana de los Descendientes de Veteranos de la Guerra de Corea (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140726170732/http://www.adeveco.org/index.php/es/museo-espanol">"Participación de la Armada Nacional de Colombia en la Guerra de Corea"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adeveco.org/index.php/es/museo-espanol">the original</a> on 2014-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Participaci%C3%B3n+de+la+Armada+Nacional+de+Colombia+en+la+Guerra+de+Corea&rft.date=2012&rft.au=CN+Mario+Rubianogroot+Rom%C3%A1n+%2C+Asociacion+Colombiana+de+los+Descendientes+de+Veteranos+de+la+Guerra+de+Corea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adeveco.org%2Findex.php%2Fes%2Fmuseo-espanol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NSobAAAAIBAJ&pg=3432%2C2110">"Zarpa la Fragata Padilla"</a> (in Spanish). El Tiempo. 1 November 1950<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Forces+and+commands&rft.pub=armada.mil.co&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armada.mil.co%2Fes%2Fcontent%2Ffuerzas-y-comandos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecitypaperbogota.com/features/colombias-navy-plans-to-establish-permanent-base-on-antarctica/18932">"Colombia's Navy plans to establish permanent base on Antarctica"</a>. The City Paper Bogotá. February 2, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180208184933/https://thecitypaperbogota.com/features/colombias-navy-plans-to-establish-permanent-base-on-antarctica/18932">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2018</span>. <q>The Colombian Navy – Armada Nacional – will test icy waters after announcing plans to establish a naval base on Antarctica.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Colombia%27s+Navy+plans+to+establish+permanent+base+on+Antarctica&rft.date=2018-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecitypaperbogota.com%2Ffeatures%2Fcolombias-navy-plans-to-establish-permanent-base-on-antarctica%2F18932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanchez2018" class="citation news cs1">Sanchez, Alejandro (February 7, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.janes.com/article/77703/colombia-to-acquire-oceanographic-vessel-for-antarctic-expeditions?from_rss=1">"Colombia to acquire oceanographic vessel for Antarctic expeditions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Information_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane's Information Group">Jane's Information Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180208064502/http://www.janes.com/article/77703/colombia-to-acquire-oceanographic-vessel-for-antarctic-expeditions?from_rss=1">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2018. <q>A 24 January Ministry of Defence statement revealed plans to construct Colombia's first scientific base in Antarctica, to be named Almirante Padilla.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Colombia+to+acquire+oceanographic+vessel+for+Antarctic+expeditions&rft.date=2018-02-07&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.janes.com%2Farticle%2F77703%2Fcolombia-to-acquire-oceanographic-vessel-for-antarctic-expeditions%3Ffrom_rss%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmada_Republica_de_Colombia2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Armada Republica de Colombia (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928130342/http://www.armada.mil.co/index.php?idcategoria=193">"Insignias de la Armada"</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armada.mil.co/index.php?idcategoria=193">the original</a> on 2011-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Insignias+de+la+Armada&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Armada+Republica+de+Colombia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armada.mil.co%2Findex.php%3Fidcategoria%3D193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ley-1405-2010-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ley-1405-2010_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCongreso_de_la_República_de_Colombia2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Congreso de la República de Colombia (28 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724153456/http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley/2010/ley_1405_2010.html">"Ley 1405 de 2010 Nuevos Grados Militares"</a> (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley/2010/ley_1405_2010.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ley+1405+de+2010+Nuevos+Grados+Militares&rft.date=2010-07-28&rft.au=Congreso+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+Colombia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secretariasenado.gov.co%2Fsenado%2Fbasedoc%2Fley%2F2010%2Fley_1405_2010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colombia_Navy-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Colombia_Navy_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Colombia_Navy_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCongreso_de_la_República_de_Colombia2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Congreso de la República de Colombia (28 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724153456/http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley/2010/ley_1405_2010.html">"Ley 1405 de 2010 Nuevos Grados Militares"</a> [Law 1405 of 2010 New Military Ranks] (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley/2010/ley_1405_2010.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ley+1405+de+2010+Nuevos+Grados+Militares&rft.date=2010-07-28&rft.au=Congreso+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+Colombia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secretariasenado.gov.co%2Fsenado%2Fbasedoc%2Fley%2F2010%2Fley_1405_2010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInfodefensa.com" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Infodefensa.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infodefensa.com/?noticia=las-fuerzas-armadas-de-colombia-estrenan-nuevo-armamento">"Las Fuerzas Armadas de Colombia estrenan nuevo armamento"</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009004448/http://www.infodefensa.com/?noticia=las-fuerzas-armadas-de-colombia-estrenan-nuevo-armamento">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Las+Fuerzas+Armadas+de+Colombia+estrenan+nuevo+armamento&rft.au=Infodefensa.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infodefensa.com%2F%3Fnoticia%3Dlas-fuerzas-armadas-de-colombia-estrenan-nuevo-armamento&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cpv40_launch-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cpv40_launch_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cpv40_launch_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFassmer_Shipbuilding" class="citation web cs1">Fassmer Shipbuilding. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130105183020/http://www.fassmer.de/index.php?id=321">"Launching of Colombian Navy 40m Coastal Patrol Vessel (CPV40)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fassmer.de/index.php?id=321">the original</a> on 5 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launching+of+Colombian+Navy+40m+Coastal+Patrol+Vessel+%28CPV40%29&rft.au=Fassmer+Shipbuilding&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fassmer.de%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-porque_OPV-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-porque_OPV_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-porque_OPV_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"></ in 2011–2012 Colombian Navy introduced ARC 20, First ship built in Colombia by COTECMAR /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFr.Cpt._Germán_H_Locarno2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fr.Cpt. Germán H Locarno (October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928130359/http://www.armada.mil.co/?idcategoria=772991">"Porqué un OPV para la ARC?"</a>. <i>Revista Armada</i> (in Spanish) (97). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1692-1097">1692-1097</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armada.mil.co/?idcategoria=772991">the original</a> on 2011-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Armada&rft.atitle=Porqu%C3%A9+un+OPV+para+la+ARC%3F&rft.issue=97&rft.date=2010-10&rft.issn=1692-1097&rft.au=Fr.Cpt.+Germ%C3%A1n+H+Locarno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armada.mil.co%2F%3Fidcategoria%3D772991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDefense_Market_Intelligence" class="citation web cs1">Defense Market Intelligence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131215151953/http://www.dmilt.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2344:colombia-navy-granted-ex-s-korean-missile-corvette&catid=3:asia&Itemid=56">"Colombia; Navy granted ex-S. Korean missile Corvette"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmilt.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2344:colombia-navy-granted-ex-s-korean-missile-corvette&catid=3:asia&Itemid=56">the original</a> on 15 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colombia%3B+Navy+granted+ex-S.+Korean+missile+Corvette&rft.au=Defense+Market+Intelligence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmilt.com%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D2344%3Acolombia-navy-granted-ex-s-korean-missile-corvette%26catid%3D3%3Aasia%26Itemid%3D56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Donghae_class_corvette" class="mw-redirect" title="Donghae class corvette">Donghae class corvette</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:6980678706964918272/">"COTECMAR on LinkedIn: #SeguimosAvante #Cotecmar #Colombia"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=COTECMAR+on+LinkedIn%3A+%23SeguimosAvante+%23Cotecmar+%23Colombia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Ffeed%2Fupdate%2Furn%3Ali%3Aactivity%3A6980678706964918272%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-service-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-service_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/world-air-forces-2013-101015.aspx">World Air Forces 2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102174152/http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/world-air-forces-2013-101015.aspx">Archived</a> 2013-11-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Flightglobal.com, pg 13, December 11, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFMMAR13-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AFMMAR13_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Air_Forces_Monthly" title="Air Forces Monthly">Air Forces Monthly</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Stamford,_Lincolnshire" title="Stamford, Lincolnshire">Stamford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Key_Publishing" title="Key Publishing">Key Publishing Ltd</a>. March 2013. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Forces+Monthly&rft.place=Stamford%2C+Lincolnshire&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Key+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2013-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColombian+Navy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colombian_Navy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524055516/http://www.armada.mil.co/">Colombian Navy Official site</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/">Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Colombia</a>—Colombian Defense Ministry Official site <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fuerzasmilitares.org/">Colombia: Seguridad & Defensa</a>—Extensive information about Colombian military forces <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202121743/http://unffmm.com/">UNFFMM página no oficial de las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia</a>—Unofficial fan site for the Military Forces of Colombia <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Navies_of_Latin_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navies_in_Latin_America" title="Template:Navies in Latin America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navies_in_Latin_America" title="Template talk:Navies in Latin America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navies_in_Latin_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navies in Latin America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Navies_of_Latin_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Navies of Latin America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Navy" title="Argentine Navy">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Navy" title="Bolivian Navy">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Navy" title="Cuban Revolutionary Navy">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Navy" title="Dominican Navy">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Navy" title="Ecuadorian Navy">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_of_El_Salvador" title="Navy of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Guatemalan Navy">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Haiti" title="Armed Forces of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Navy" title="Honduran Navy">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Navy" title="Mexican Navy">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Navy" title="Nicaraguan Navy">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Navy" title="Paraguayan Navy">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Navy" title="Peruvian Navy">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Navy_of_Uruguay" title="National Navy of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Navy_of_Venezuela" title="Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_of_Colombia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Military_of_Colombia" title="Template:Military of Colombia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_Colombia" title="Template talk:Military of Colombia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_Colombia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military of Colombia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_of_Colombia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Military of Colombia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Colombia" title="National Army of Colombia">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Aerospace Force</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navy (<i>"Armada"</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comando_de_Guardacostas" class="mw-redirect" title="Comando de Guardacostas">Comando de Guardacostas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_Fuerzas_Militares_de_Colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Escudo_Fuerzas_Militares_de_Colombia.svg/100px-Escudo_Fuerzas_Militares_de_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Escudo_Fuerzas_Militares_de_Colombia.svg/150px-Escudo_Fuerzas_Militares_de_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Escudo_Fuerzas_Militares_de_Colombia.svg/200px-Escudo_Fuerzas_Militares_de_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="953" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Divisions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Division_(Colombia)" title="1st Division (Colombia)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Division_of_the_Colombian_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Division of the Colombian National Army">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Division_of_the_Colombian_National_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Division of the Colombian National Army">3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_Division_(Colombia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4th Division (Colombia) (page does not exist)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Division_(Colombia)" title="5th Division (Colombia)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_Division_(Colombia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th Division (Colombia) (page does not exist)">6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_Division_(Colombia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th Division (Colombia) (page does not exist)">7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_Division_(Colombia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th Division (Colombia) (page does not exist)">8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_National_Army_Aviation" title="Colombian National Army Aviation">Airborne Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_OMEGA" title="Joint Task Force OMEGA"> OMEGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrupaci%C3%B3n_de_Fuerzas_Especiales_Antiterroristas_Urbanas" title="Agrupación de Fuerzas Especiales Antiterroristas Urbanas">AFEUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Colombian_Armed_Forces/Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces/Army">Ranks & Insignias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancero" title="Lancero">Lancero</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_ships_of_the_Colombian_Navy" title="List of active ships of the Colombian Navy">Active Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_decommissioned_ships_of_the_Colombian_Navy" title="List of decommissioned ships of the Colombian Navy">Decommissioned Ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almirante_Padilla-class_frigate" title="Almirante Padilla-class frigate"><i>Almirante Padilla</i> frigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_209_submarine" title="Type 209 submarine">Type 209 submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARC_Gloria" title="ARC Gloria">ARC Gloria (School /Flagship)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Colombian_Armed_Forces/Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces/Navy">Navy Ranks & Insignias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Colombian_Armed_Forces/Marine_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces/Marine Infantry">Marine Infantry Ranks & Insignias</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aerospace Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Germ%C3%A1n_Olano_Moreno_Air_Base" title="Captain Germán Olano Moreno Air Base">Ct. German Molano Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Luis_F._G%C3%B3mez_Ni%C3%B1o_Air_Base" title="Captain Luis F. Gómez Niño Air Base">Ct. Luis Gomez Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Major_Alberto_Pauwels_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Air_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Major Alberto Pauwels Rodríguez Air Base (page does not exist)">Maj. Alberto Pauwels Rodríguez Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel_Luis_F._Pinto_Parra_Air_Base" title="Lieutenant Colonel Luis F. Pinto Parra Air Base">Lt Col. Luis Pinto Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigadier_General_Arturo_Lema_Posada_Air_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigadier General Arturo Lema Posada Air Base (page does not exist)">BG Arturo Lema Posada Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Ernesto_Esguerra_Cubides_Air_Base" title="Captain Ernesto Esguerra Cubides Air Base">Ct.Ernesto Esguerra Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General_Camilo_Daza_%C3%81lvarez_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General Camilo Daza Álvarez Air Base">BG. Camilo Daza Álvarez Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Justino_Mari%C3%B1o_Cuesto_Air_Base" title="Major Justino Mariño Cuesto Air Base">My.Justino Marino Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_Luis_Arturo_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Meneses_Air_Base" title="Colonel Luis Arturo Rodríguez Meneses Air Base">Cl. Luis Rodriguez Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_Colonel_Benjam%C3%ADn_M%C3%A9ndez_Rey_Air_Base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lieutenant Colonel Benjamín Méndez Rey Air Base (page does not exist)">Lt Col. Benjamín Méndez Rey Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Fidel_Su%C3%A1rez_Air_Base" title="Marco Fidel Suárez Air Base">Marco Fidel Suárez Air Base (EMAVI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Colombian_Armed_Forces/Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces/Air Force">Ranks & Insignias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars and Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia_%E2%80%93_Peru_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gran Colombia – Peru War">Gran Colombia-Peru War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Supremes" title="War of the Supremes">Supremes War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian%E2%80%93Colombian_War" title="Ecuadorian–Colombian War">Gran Colombia-Ecuador Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_War" title="Colombia–Peru War">Colombia-Peru War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_armed_conflict_(1964%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian armed conflict (1964–present)">Colombian internal conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COTECMAR" title="COTECMAR">COTECMAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indumil" class="mw-redirect" title="Indumil">Indumil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATENA" title="SATENA">SATENA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_ranks_of_the_Colombian_Armed_Forces" title="Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces">Military ranks of the Colombian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Colombia)" title="Ministry of National Defense (Colombia)">Ministry of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Colombia" title="National Police of Colombia">National Police of Colombia </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_Department_of_Security" title="Administrative Department of Security">DAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colombia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colombia_topics" title="Template:Colombia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colombia_topics" title="Template talk:Colombia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colombia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colombia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colombia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Colombia-related_articles" title="Index of Colombia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Colombia" title="History of Colombia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Colombian_history" title="Timeline of Colombian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Kingdom of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">Viceroyalty of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foolish_Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Foolish Fatherland">Foolish Fatherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_New_Granada" title="United Provinces of New Granada">United Provinces of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Military career of Simón Bolívar">Military career of Simón Bolívar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Wars of independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">reunification</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_New_Granada" title="Republic of New Granada">Republic of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granadine_Confederation" title="Granadine Confederation">Granadine Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Colombia" title="United States of Colombia">United States of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Republic of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Civil_War_of_1895" title="Colombian Civil War of 1895">Colombian Civil War of 1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Panama_from_Colombia" title="Separation of Panama from Colombia">Separation of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_War" title="Colombia–Peru War">Colombia–Peru War (Leticia Incident)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" title="Colombia during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Colombia)" title="National Front (Colombia)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Current internal armed conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peace_process" title="Colombian peace process">Colombian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Colombia" title="Geography of Colombia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Colombia" title="Biodiversity of Colombia">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Colombia" title="Fauna of Colombia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Colombia" title="Flora of Colombia">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Colombia" title="Climate of Colombia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Colombia" title="Geology of Colombia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Colombia" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Colombia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Colombia" title="Category:Islands of Colombia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Colombia" title="List of rivers of Colombia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valleys_and_Plateaus_of_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valleys and Plateaus of Colombia (page does not exist)">Valleys and Plateaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Colombia" title="List of national parks of Colombia">National parks <span style="font-size:85%;">(Protected Areas)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Colombia" title="List of cities and towns in Colombia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_hazards_in_Colombia" title="Natural hazards in Colombia">Natural hazards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Colombia" title="Environmental issues in Colombia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_invasive_species_in_Colombia" title="List of invasive species in Colombia">Invasive species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_regions_of_Colombia" title="Natural regions of Colombia">Natural regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_natural_region" title="Amazon natural region">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_natural_region" title="Andean natural region">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_natural_region" title="Caribbean natural region">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_region_of_Colombia" title="Insular region of Colombia">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinoqu%C3%ADa_natural_region" title="Orinoquía natural region">Orinoquía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific/Choc%C3%B3_natural_region" title="Pacific/Chocó natural region">Pacific/Chocó</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Colombia" title="Administrative divisions of Colombia">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Colombia" title="Municipalities of Colombia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_of_Colombia" title="Metropolitan areas of Colombia">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Capital District</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corregimientos_of_Colombia" title="Corregimientos of Colombia">Corregimientos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_territory_(Colombia)" title="Indigenous territory (Colombia)">Indigenous territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Colombia" title="List of political parties in Colombia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colombia" title="Elections in Colombia">Elections</a></li> <li>Ideologies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Colombia" title="Liberalism in Colombia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Colombia" title="Communism in Colombia">Communism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colombia" title="Government of Colombia">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Constitution_of_1991" title="Colombian Constitution of 1991">Constitution</a></li> <li>Control <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Auditor_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Auditor General of Colombia">Auditor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Comptroller General of Colombia">Comptroller General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Inspector General of Colombia">Inspector General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombudsman%27s_Office_of_Colombia" title="Ombudsman's Office of Colombia">Ombudsman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Branch_of_Colombia" title="Executive Branch of Colombia">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Colombia" title="Council of Ministers of Colombia">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_entities_of_Colombia" title="Government entities of Colombia">Government agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Colombia" title="Vice President of Colombia">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Colombia" title="Foreign relations of Colombia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Colombia" title="Judiciary of Colombia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Colombia" title="National Police of Colombia">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Aerospace Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Colombia" title="National Army of Colombia">Army</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colombia" title="Economy of Colombia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Colombia">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_(Colombia)" title="Bank of the Republic (Colombia)">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Colombia" title="List of companies of Colombia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Colombia" title="Economic history of Colombia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Colombia" title="Agriculture in Colombia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Colombia" title="Industry of Colombia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Colombia" title="Mineral industry of Colombia">Mineral industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Peso <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombia Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Colombia" title="Science and technology in Colombia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Colombia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Colombia" title="Taxation in Colombia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Colombia" title="Trade unions in Colombia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Colombia" title="Tourism in Colombia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Colombia" title="Transport in Colombia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Colombia" title="Category:Society of Colombia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colombia" title="Abortion in Colombia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombians" title="Colombians">Colombians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colombians" title="List of Colombians">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Colombia" title="Demographics of Colombia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Colombia" title="Education in Colombia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" title="Race and ethnicity in Colombia">Race and ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Colombia" title="Health care in Colombia">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Colombia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Colombia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Colombia" title="Women in Colombia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Colombia" title="Culture of Colombia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Colombia" title="List of archaeological sites in Colombia">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Colombia" title="Architecture of Colombia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_art" title="Colombian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Colombia">Video gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_Colombia" title="Carnival in Colombia">Carnivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Colombia" title="List of festivals in Colombia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_folklore" title="Colombian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_handicrafts" title="Colombian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_literature" title="Colombian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Colombia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Muisca religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_of_Colombia" title="Theater of Colombia">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Colombia" title="National symbols of Colombia">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia" title="Coat of arms of Colombia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Colombia" title="Flag of Colombia">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Colombia" title="Public holidays in Colombia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Colombia" title="Freedom of religion in Colombia">Freedom of religion in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Colombia" title="Miss Colombia">Miss Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Colombia" title="Sport in Colombia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Colombia" title="Human rights in Colombia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Colombia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Colombia" title="Immigration to Colombia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Colombia" title="Emigration from Colombia">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Colombia" title="Poverty in Colombia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Colombia" title="Smoking in Colombia">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Colombia" title="Crime in Colombia">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia" title="Illegal drug trade in Colombia">Drug trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Colombia" title="Corruption in Colombia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Colombia" title="Terrorism in Colombia">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_movements_in_Colombia" title="Guerrilla movements in Colombia">Guerrilla movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_paramilitarism_in_Colombia" title="Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia">Right-wing paramilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_in_popular_culture" title="Colombia in popular culture">Colombia in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div 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