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id="toc-Creation_of_Police_Forces_through_Colonialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation_of_Police_Forces_through_Colonialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Creation of Police Forces through Colonialism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation_of_Police_Forces_through_Colonialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_19th_Century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_19th_Century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>The 19th Century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_19th_Century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-El_Bogotazo_and_La_Violencia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#El_Bogotazo_and_La_Violencia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>El Bogotazo and La Violencia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-El_Bogotazo_and_La_Violencia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_Dictator,_Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_Dictator,_Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Military Dictator, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_Dictator,_Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombian_Armed_Conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombian_Armed_Conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Colombian Armed Conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombian_Armed_Conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_Corruption_in_Colombia_During_the_Pablo_Escobar_Era_(Late_1970s–1993)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_Corruption_in_Colombia_During_the_Pablo_Escobar_Era_(Late_1970s–1993)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Police Corruption in Colombia During the Pablo Escobar Era (Late 1970s–1993)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_Corruption_in_Colombia_During_the_Pablo_Escobar_Era_(Late_1970s–1993)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Influence_of_Drug_Cartels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Influence_of_Drug_Cartels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.1</span> <span>The Influence of Drug Cartels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Influence_of_Drug_Cartels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systemic_Corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systemic_Corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.2</span> <span>Systemic Corruption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Systemic_Corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efforts_to_Combat_Corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efforts_to_Combat_Corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7.3</span> <span>Efforts to Combat Corruption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efforts_to_Combat_Corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_1990s_improvement_drive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_1990s_improvement_drive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Late 1990s improvement drive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_1990s_improvement_drive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007_Wiretapping_Scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007_Wiretapping_Scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>2007 Wiretapping Scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007_Wiretapping_Scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_2020's_to_Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_2020's_to_Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Early 2020's to Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_2020's_to_Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Perspectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Perspectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern Perspectives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_Perspectives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern Perspectives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_Perspectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theoretical_Perspectives_on_Policing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theoretical_Perspectives_on_Policing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Theoretical Perspectives on Policing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theoretical_Perspectives_on_Policing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime,_Justice,_and_Social_Democracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime,_Justice,_and_Social_Democracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Crime, Justice, and Social Democracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime,_Justice,_and_Social_Democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ranks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ranks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rank_Badges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_Badges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Rank Badges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_Badges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Executives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rank_Badges_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rank_Badges_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Rank Badges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rank_Badges_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlisted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlisted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Enlisted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlisted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auxiliary_Police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auxiliary_Police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Auxiliary Police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auxiliary_Police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Special_Groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_Groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Special Groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_Groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Regional organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_Santander_Academy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Santander_Academy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>General Santander Academy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Santander_Academy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Police_NCO_School_"Gonzalo_Jimenez_de_Quesada"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Police_NCO_School_"Gonzalo_Jimenez_de_Quesada""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>National Police NCO School "Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Police_NCO_School_"Gonzalo_Jimenez_de_Quesada"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Carabinier_School_"Alfonso_Lopez_Pumarejo"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Carabinier_School_"Alfonso_Lopez_Pumarejo""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>National Carabinier School "Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Carabinier_School_"Alfonso_Lopez_Pumarejo"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Police_Staff_College" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Police_Staff_College"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>National Police Staff College</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Police_Staff_College-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bogota_Metropolitan_Police_Academy_"Lieutenant_Colonel_Julián_Ernesto_Guevara_Castro"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bogota_Metropolitan_Police_Academy_"Lieutenant_Colonel_Julián_Ernesto_Guevara_Castro""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5</span> <span>Bogota Metropolitan Police Academy "Lieutenant Colonel Julián Ernesto Guevara Castro"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bogota_Metropolitan_Police_Academy_"Lieutenant_Colonel_Julián_Ernesto_Guevara_Castro"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumapaz_Provincial_Police_Academy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumapaz_Provincial_Police_Academy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.6</span> <span>Sumapaz Provincial Police Academy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumapaz_Provincial_Police_Academy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antonio_Nariño_Police_Academy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antonio_Nariño_Police_Academy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.7</span> <span>Antonio Nariño Police Academy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antonio_Nariño_Police_Academy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Police_Air_Training_School" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Police_Air_Training_School"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.8</span> <span>National Police Air Training School</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Police_Air_Training_School-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Police_School_of_Criminal_Investigation_and_Detection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Police_School_of_Criminal_Investigation_and_Detection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.9</span> <span>National Police School of Criminal Investigation and Detection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Police_School_of_Criminal_Investigation_and_Detection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Personal weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_inventory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_inventory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Aircraft inventory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_inventory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_Civil_Guards_now_abolished" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_Civil_Guards_now_abolished"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Historic Civil Guards now abolished</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_Civil_Guards_now_abolished-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National Police of Colombia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الشرطة الوطنية الكولومبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الشرطة الوطنية الكولومبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Nacional_de_Colombia" title="Policía Nacional de Colombia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Policía Nacional de Colombia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Nacional_de_Colombia" title="Policía Nacional de Colombia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Policía Nacional de Colombia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_nationale_(Colombie)" title="Police nationale (Colombie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Police nationale (Colombie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Nacional_de_Colombia" title="Policía Nacional de Colombia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Policía Nacional de Colombia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="המשטרה הלאומית של קולומביה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המשטרה הלאומית של קולומביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia_Nacional_da_Col%C3%B4mbia" title="Polícia Nacional da Colômbia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polícia Nacional da Colômbia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policia_Komb%C3%ABtare_e_Kolumbis%C3%AB" title="Policia Kombëtare e Kolumbisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Policia Kombëtare e Kolumbisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/National_Police_of_Colombia" title="Special:EditPage/National Police of Colombia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22National+Police+of+Colombia%22">"National Police of Colombia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22National+Police+of+Colombia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22National+Police+of+Colombia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22National+Police+of+Colombia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22National+Police+of+Colombia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22National+Police+of+Colombia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Law enforcement agency</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">National Police of Colombia<br /><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Policía Nacional de Colombia</i></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_colombian_national_police.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Emblem of the National Police of Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Coat_of_arms_of_colombian_national_police.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_colombian_national_police.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Coat_of_arms_of_colombian_national_police.svg/210px-Coat_of_arms_of_colombian_national_police.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Coat_of_arms_of_colombian_national_police.svg/280px-Coat_of_arms_of_colombian_national_police.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Emblem of the National Police of Colombia</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_National_Police_of_Colombia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of the National Police of Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_the_National_Police_of_Colombia.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_National_Police_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_the_National_Police_of_Colombia.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_National_Police_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_the_National_Police_of_Colombia.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_National_Police_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the National Police of Colombia</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_National_Police.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Roundel of the National Police of Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_National_Police.svg/140px-Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_National_Police.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_National_Police.svg/210px-Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_National_Police.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_National_Police.svg/280px-Roundel_of_Colombia_%E2%80%93_National_Police.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Roundel of the National Police of Colombia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Dios y Patria</i><br />God and Fatherland</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">November 5, 1891</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">140,000 <small>(2018)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data">US$ 3.6 to 4 billion (Col$49.210 billion) (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Jurisdictional structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency#natlea" title="Law enforcement agency">National agency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operations jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">General nature</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency#locpol" title="Law enforcement agency">Local civilian police</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Operational structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">William Salamanca, <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Ministry_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Ministry of Defense">Colombian Ministry of Defense</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Direcciones</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>8</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Seguridad Ciudadana</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Carabineros y Seguridad Rural </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Investigación Criminal </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Inteligencia Policial</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Antinarcóticos </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Protección y Servicios Especiales </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Antisecuestro y Antiextorsión </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Tránsito y Transporte</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regions and Departmental Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">5 Metropolitan Police</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">32 Department (State) Police</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 8 Police Regions</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Facilities</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Airbases</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #EFEFEF;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.policia.gov.co">policia.gov.co</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Colors: White and Green<br />March: Hymn of the National Police of Colombia Source:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombian National Police</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colnalpolstar.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Colnalpolstar.png/31px-Colnalpolstar.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Colnalpolstar.png/46px-Colnalpolstar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Colnalpolstar.png/61px-Colnalpolstar.png 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="298" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> History:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Colombian_National_Police" title="History of the Colombian National Police">History of the National Police</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jean_Marie_Marcelin_Gilibert" title="Jean Marie Marcelin Gilibert">Jean Marie Marcelin Gilibert</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Ranks</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Ranks_of_the_Colombian_National_Police" title="Ranks of the Colombian National Police">Rank insignia</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Directorates:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Colombian_National_Police_Directorate_for_Citizens_Security" title="Colombian National Police Directorate for Citizens Security">Citizens Security</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_National_Police_Special_Operations_Command" title="Colombian National Police Special Operations Command">Special Operations Commandoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Police_(Colombia)" title="Highway Police (Colombia)">Highway Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Anti-Disturbance_Squadron" title="Mobile Anti-Disturbance Squadron">Mobile Anti-Disturbance Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_and_Customs_Police" title="Fiscal and Customs Police">Fiscal and Customs Police</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Carabineers_and_Rural_Security" title="Directorate of Carabineers and Rural Security">Directorate of Carabineers and Rural Security</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Criminal_Investigation_and_Interpol" title="Directorate of Criminal Investigation and Interpol">Directorate of Criminal Investigation and Interpol</a></th></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Schools:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/General_Santander_National_Police_Academy" title="General Santander National Police Academy">General Santander Academy</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colombian_National_Police" title="Template:Colombian National Police"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colombian_National_Police" title="Template talk:Colombian National Police"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colombian_National_Police" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colombian National Police"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National Police of Colombia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Policía Nacional de Colombia</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency#natpol" title="Law enforcement agency">national police</a> force of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Colombia">Republic of Colombia</a>. Although the National Police is not part of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Military Forces of Colombia</a> (Army, Navy, and Aerospace Force), it constitutes along with them the "Public Force"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is also controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Ministry_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Ministry of Defense">Ministry of Defense</a>. The National Police is the only civilian police force in Colombia. The force's official functions are to protect the Colombian nation, enforce the law by constitutional mandate, maintain and guarantee the necessary conditions for public freedoms and rights and to ensure peaceful cohabitation among the population. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Colombia" title="History of Colombia">History of Colombia</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Colombian_National_Police" title="History of the Colombian National Police">History of the Colombian National Police</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation_of_Police_Forces_through_Colonialism">Creation of Police Forces through Colonialism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Creation of Police Forces through Colonialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The formation of police forces in many regions, including Colombia, was significantly influenced by colonialism. During the colonial period, law enforcement in Colombia, as in other parts of the world, was primarily managed by military forces and local militias. These early forms of policing were designed to maintain colonial order and protect colonial interests rather than serve the local population. Specific colonial practices, such as the “Guardia Urbana” (Urban Guard) and the enforcement of laws favoring colonial rulers, laid the groundwork for future policing structures.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Colombia moved towards independence in the early 19th century, the limitations of this military-centric law enforcement model became apparent. The need for a more structured and professional police force emerged as a critical component of building a stable and independent nation. This transition mirrored broader global trends where newly independent countries sought to establish modern law enforcement agencies that could effectively maintain public order and support the rule of law.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Colombia, the evolution of policing involved the gradual development of a formal police organization. This process was influenced by the need to address both internal security concerns and the demands of an evolving civil society. The establishment of the National Police of Colombia in 1891 marked a significant milestone in this evolution. The new police force was tasked with a broader mandate, including crime prevention, public safety, and the protection of citizens’ rights, reflecting the changing priorities of an independent nation.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of the National Police was also shaped by various legislative changes and socio-political events throughout Colombia’s history. These changes often reflected the broader shifts seen in other parts of the world, where colonial powers had laid the foundations of modern law enforcement systems. As such, the evolution of policing in Colombia can be understood within the context of a global transition from colonial rule to independent statehood, characterized by the establishment of professional police forces designed to serve and protect the interests of the entire population, rather than just the colonial elite.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The process of professionalizing the police in Colombia involved significant reforms in training, organization, and operational strategies. These reforms aimed to create a police force that was not only capable of enforcing the law but also respected by the community it served. The integration of community policing strategies and the focus on building trust between the police and the public were key components of this professionalization effort, aligning with broader global trends in policing.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_19th_Century">The 19th Century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The 19th Century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the second half of the 19th century, Colombia went through many political changes and struggled to define itself as a nation. Tensions between the two main political parties, the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Liberal_Party" title="Colombian Liberal Party">Colombian Liberal Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Conservative_Party" title="Colombian Conservative Party">Colombian Conservative Party</a>, escalated into numerous civil as they debated the establishment of a political system based on either between <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Centralism" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralism">centralism</a>, among other major differences. </p><p>The National Police of Colombia was established by Law 90 of 1888, under government orders, as a dependency of the then Ministry of Government. It was intended to function as a <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a> for <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>. The new institution was planned to be a force of 300 gendarmes divided into three <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">companies</a>, commanded by a captain, two lieutenants and a second lieutenant, all overseenby two high-ranking officers. </p><p>On October 23, 1890, acting president <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Holgu%C3%ADn_Mallarino" title="Carlos Holguín Mallarino">Carlos Holguín Mallarino</a> sanctioned a law authorizing the hiring of qualified trainers from either the United States or Europe to organize and train the newly established National Police. Colombian officials selected a French commissioner named <a href="/wiki/Jean_Marie_Marcelin_Gilibert" title="Jean Marie Marcelin Gilibert">Jean Marie Marcelin Gilibert</a>. The institution was formally established by decree 1000 of November 5, 1891. </p><p>The initial mission of the National Police was to preserve public tranquility and protect people, as well as public and private properties. By constitutional law, the institution was required to enforce and guarantee the rights of the people, uphold the constitution and its laws, and obey their authority. Its function also included the authority to take action to prevent crimes and prosecute and arrest lawbreakers. The National Police was intended to recognize no privileges or distinctions among the general population, with the only exception being for international treaties established in the Constitution that granted immunity to members of diplomatic missions. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 489px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidente_Roberto_Urdaneta_Arbelaez.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="President Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez"><img alt="President Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Presidente_Roberto_Urdaneta_Arbelaez.jpg/120px-Presidente_Roberto_Urdaneta_Arbelaez.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Presidente_Roberto_Urdaneta_Arbelaez.jpg/180px-Presidente_Roberto_Urdaneta_Arbelaez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Presidente_Roberto_Urdaneta_Arbelaez.jpg/240px-Presidente_Roberto_Urdaneta_Arbelaez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="715" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">President <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Urdaneta_Arbelaez" class="mw-redirect" title="Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez">Roberto Urdaneta Arbelaez</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oficial_de_transportes.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oficial de Transportes, 1957"><img alt="Oficial de Transportes, 1957" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Oficial_de_transportes.jpg/98px-Oficial_de_transportes.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Oficial_de_transportes.jpg/147px-Oficial_de_transportes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Oficial_de_transportes.jpg/196px-Oficial_de_transportes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Oficial de Transportes, 1957</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comandante_motos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First motorcycle squad, 1953"><img alt="First motorcycle squad, 1953" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Comandante_motos.jpg/120px-Comandante_motos.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Comandante_motos.jpg/180px-Comandante_motos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Comandante_motos.jpg/240px-Comandante_motos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="542" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First motorcycle squad, 1953</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Subteniente_ambulancia.png" class="mw-file-description" title="First Emergency Vehicle Ford March 1952"><img alt="First Emergency Vehicle Ford March 1952" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Subteniente_ambulancia.png/120px-Subteniente_ambulancia.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Subteniente_ambulancia.png/180px-Subteniente_ambulancia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Subteniente_ambulancia.png/240px-Subteniente_ambulancia.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="605" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First Emergency Vehicle Ford March 1952</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cadetes_Carlos_Holguin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Class Cadetes Carlos Holguin 1951 Escuela General Santander"><img alt="Class Cadetes Carlos Holguin 1951 Escuela General Santander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cadetes_Carlos_Holguin.jpg/120px-Cadetes_Carlos_Holguin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cadetes_Carlos_Holguin.jpg/180px-Cadetes_Carlos_Holguin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cadetes_Carlos_Holguin.jpg/240px-Cadetes_Carlos_Holguin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3511" data-file-height="1814" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Class Cadetes Carlos Holguin 1951 Escuela General Santander</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Revista_centinela.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centinela, magazine from class Cadetes Carlos Holguin, 1951"><img alt="Centinela, magazine from class Cadetes Carlos Holguin, 1951" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Revista_centinela.jpg/84px-Revista_centinela.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Revista_centinela.jpg/126px-Revista_centinela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Revista_centinela.jpg/168px-Revista_centinela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Centinela</i>, magazine from class Cadetes Carlos Holguin, 1951</div> </li> </ul> <p>After a civil war broke out in 1895 during the <a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents of Colombia">presidency</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rafael_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Núñez (politician)">Rafael Núñez</a>, the president went absent and <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Antonio_Caro" title="Miguel Antonio Caro">Miguel Antonio Caro</a> temporarily assumed office. Caro declared a general <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a>, in which authority over the National Police was transferred to the Ministry of War on January 21, 1896, and its members received the same privileges as military personnel. </p><p>When the aged president <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Antonio_Sanclemente" title="Manuel Antonio Sanclemente">Manuel Antonio Sanclemente</a> was replaced by Vice President <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="José Manuel Marroquín">José Manuel Marroquín</a>, who assumed the presidency, the National Police was restructured and organized in a military manner. It was then transferred back to the Ministry of Government. To guarantee the security of Bogotá, the National Police was divided into seven districts to cover the entire city. A mutual fund called Caja de Gratificaciones was set up to pay benefits to service members, financed by the penalties imposed on the civilian population. By 1899, the National Police had a force of 944 agents divided into eight divisions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Procaduria01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Procaduria01.jpg/220px-Procaduria01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Procaduria01.jpg/330px-Procaduria01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Procaduria01.jpg/440px-Procaduria01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Colombian National Policemen guarding the Colombian Inspector General's building.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a></div> <p>When the most intense of the civil wars broke out, known as the <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a> (1899–1902), the National Police was once again assigned to the Ministry of War until September 6, 1901. Under the Decree 1380 of September 16, 1902 the National Police created the Presidential Palace Honor Guard Corps with the name <i>Guardia Civil de la Ciudad de Bogotá</i> (Civil Guard of the City of Bogotá). </p><p>During the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Reyes" title="Rafael Reyes">Rafael Reyes</a>, the government authorized by decree 743 of 1904, the transfer of the Police to the Ministry of War, with the president micro-managing the institution. By authorization of Law 43 the Judicial Commissary of Police was established under the dependency of the General Command of the National Police to investigate crimes within its jurisdiction. </p><p>From 1906 to 1909 the government created a cloned institution with similar functions to the National Police named the National <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a> Corps (<i>Cuerpo de Gendarmeria Nacional</i>) intended to function decentralized from the National Police command and more militarized regime, managed by the Ministry of War. When General Jorge Holguín suppressed the National Gendarmerie Corps, the province governors were given the authority to organize police services at their own will. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cerro_Nutibara084.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cerro_Nutibara084.JPG/220px-Cerro_Nutibara084.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cerro_Nutibara084.JPG/330px-Cerro_Nutibara084.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cerro_Nutibara084.JPG/440px-Cerro_Nutibara084.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Mounted <a href="/wiki/Carabinier#Colombian_carabineros" title="Carabinier">Carabineros</a> in <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Law 14 signed on November 4, 1915 defined the National Police functions to "preserve public tranquility in Bogotá and any other place where needed to execute its functions, protect citizens and aid the constitutional law by enforcing it and the judicial branch of government." The institution was divided into three groups; the first in charge of security and vigilante functions, a second group acting as civil gendarmerie guard whose main responsibility was protecting the postal service and controlling the prison system. The third group functioned as the judicial police. </p><p>In 1916 the institution was trained by the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Guardia_Civil" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardia Civil">Guardia Civil</a> in their doctrine, mainly related to <a href="/wiki/Criminology" title="Criminology">criminology</a>. They were restructured by Decree 1628 of October 9 of 1918, assigning the direction, sub-direction and Inspector General duties to officers seconded from the <a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Colombia" title="National Army of Colombia">National Army of Colombia</a> - thus the basis for the Prussian style dress uniforms used today. Later the same year, as authorized by a Law 74 of November 19, 1919, the Colombian president hired a French instructor and chief of detectives, who was an expert in the <a href="/wiki/Anthropometry" title="Anthropometry">anthropometric</a> system to train the National Police. </p><p>In 1924 the Criminal Investigation School was founded to update personnel working in this area. In 1929 the Colombian government in agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine</a> government, hired Enrique Medina Artola to train the Colombian Police in <a href="/wiki/Dactylography" class="mw-redirect" title="Dactylography">dactylography</a> to replace the anthropometric system. In 1934 in an agreement with the Spanish government the National Police was trained in scientific identification until 1948. </p><p>On July 7, 1937 by Decree 1277, the government authorized the creation of the General Santander Academy, which began operating in 1940 as an institute for every police recruit in the force. In 1939 the Colombian government receives the first cooperation agreement with the United States, through a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) committee headed by agent Edgar K. Thompson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="El_Bogotazo_and_La_Violencia">El Bogotazo and La Violencia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: El Bogotazo and La Violencia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bogotazo" title="Bogotazo">Bogotazo</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a></div> <p>In 1948 when the civil unrest known as "El <a href="/wiki/Bogotazo" title="Bogotazo">Bogotazo</a>" broke out, after the assassination of the popular presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Eliecer_Gait%C3%A1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge Eliecer Gaitán">Jorge Eliecer Gaitán</a>, the stability of the country was abruptly interrupted. This generated a period of civil unrest known as <a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a>, which lasted for almost a decade. The government then decided to restructure the institution once again, with the cooperation and advice from the British. The English mission was composed of Colonel Douglas Gordon, Colonel Eric M. Roger, Lieutenant Colonel Bertrand W.H. Dyer, Major Frederick H. Abbot and Major William Parham, primarily assisted by Colombian lawyers Rafael Escallón, Timoleón Moncada, Carlos Losano Losano, Jorge and Enrique Gutiérrez Anzola. </p><p>By Decree 0446 of February 14, 1950 the National Police created the Gonzálo Jiménez de Quesada Non-Commissioned School to train mid-level enlisted staff under the management of the <a href="/wiki/General_Santander_National_Police_Academy" title="General Santander National Police Academy">General Santander National Police Academy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_Dictator,_Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla"><span id="Military_Dictator.2C_Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla"></span>Military Dictator, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Military Dictator, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 13, 1953 Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Rojas_Pinilla" title="Gustavo Rojas Pinilla">Gustavo Rojas Pinilla</a> seized power in a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27etat" class="mw-redirect" title="Coup d'etat">coup d'etat</a>, assuming functions as President of Colombia. In an attempt to better organize the military forces, President Rojas declared the Decree 1814 on the same day officially renaming and revamping the General Command of the Military Forces of Colombia under the name of General Command of the Armed Forces of Colombia. It defined the conformation of the Armed Forces as comprising the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Army">Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Navy" title="Colombian Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Aerospace Force</a> and the National Police, the last assigned to the Ministry of War once again as a fourth military power, functioning with its own independent budget and organization, separate from the other branches as established by law. </p><p>The Ministry of War was later renamed as the Ministry of Defense. Many Police Academies were planned and constructed in other cities of Colombia. In 1953, the Antonio Nariño Police Academy in <a href="/wiki/Barranquilla" title="Barranquilla">Barranquilla</a> and the Alejandro Gutiérrez Police Academy in <a href="/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales">Manizales</a> were opened, followed by a social plan for retirement and social security called <i>Caja de Sueldos de la Policia Nacional</i> by Decree 417 of 1954. The Eduardo Cuevas Academy later opened in 1955 in the city of <a href="/wiki/Villavicencio" title="Villavicencio">Villavicencio</a> and the Carlos Holguín Academy in <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a> was opened in 1958. During this year a cooperation mission arrived from <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> to reorganize and train the <a href="/wiki/Carabinier" title="Carabinier">Carabinier</a> Corps in urban and rural surveillance. </p><p>As established in Law 193 of December 30, 1959, the Colombian nation assumed full financial responsibility for the National Police. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombian_Armed_Conflict">Colombian Armed Conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Colombian Armed Conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plan_Colombia" title="Plan Colombia">Plan Colombia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gomez-Bustamante_extradited_from_Colombia_to_the_United_States_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gomez-Bustamante_extradited_from_Colombia_to_the_United_States_2007.jpg/220px-Gomez-Bustamante_extradited_from_Colombia_to_the_United_States_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gomez-Bustamante_extradited_from_Colombia_to_the_United_States_2007.jpg/330px-Gomez-Bustamante_extradited_from_Colombia_to_the_United_States_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Gomez-Bustamante_extradited_from_Colombia_to_the_United_States_2007.jpg/440px-Gomez-Bustamante_extradited_from_Colombia_to_the_United_States_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Luis_Hernando_G%C3%B3mez" title="Luis Hernando Gómez">Luis Hernando Gomez-Bustamante</a>, also known as "Rasguño", arrest performed by the National Police of Colombia</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1964, as mandated by the Decree 349 of February 19, the Police Superior Academy was founded to indoctrinate officers with the rank of Major to the grade of Lieutenant Colonels. By 1977 the institution had created the first course for female officers. </p><p>During the 1960s and 1970s the National Police started facing guerrilla threats which were emerging during these years as a backlash from the political bipartisan struggle of the <a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a> years. There was also the growing problem of contraband and illegal drug trafficking and the involvement of the United States with the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Security_Operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American Security Operation">Plan LASO</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Proxy_war" title="Proxy war">proxy war</a> plan against the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. </p><p>Later, the declaration of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Plan_Colombia" title="Plan Colombia">Plan Colombia</a> would eventually help develop the present and ongoing <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Armed_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Armed Conflict">Colombian Armed Conflict</a> involving mainly guerrillas: the <a href="/wiki/FARC-EP" class="mw-redirect" title="FARC-EP">FARC-EP</a> including its <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_(Colombia)" title="Patriotic Union (Colombia)">Patriotic Union Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_(Colombia)" title="National Liberation Army (Colombia)">ELN</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Liberation_Army" title="Popular Liberation Army">EPL</a>, <a href="/wiki/19th_of_April_Movement" title="19th of April Movement">M-19</a>, among many others; the <a href="/wiki/Drug_Cartel" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug Cartel">Drug Cartels</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_Cartel" title="Medellín Cartel">Medellín Cartel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cali_Cartel" title="Cali Cartel">Cali Cartel</a>, and others; <a href="/wiki/Paramilitarism_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramilitarism in Colombia">paramilitarism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Self-Defense_Forces_of_Colombia" title="United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia">AUC</a>. The Colombian National Police have been fighting against these many threats, tainted or involved in some cases of corruption and accusations of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Colombia" title="Human rights in Colombia">human rights violations</a>, amid the efforts of the majority of the institution to change its image. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_Corruption_in_Colombia_During_the_Pablo_Escobar_Era_(Late_1970s–1993)"><span id="Police_Corruption_in_Colombia_During_the_Pablo_Escobar_Era_.28Late_1970s.E2.80.931993.29"></span>Police Corruption in Colombia During the Pablo Escobar Era (Late 1970s–1993)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Police Corruption in Colombia During the Pablo Escobar Era (Late 1970s–1993)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1980s and early 1990s, Colombia was heavily impacted by the drug trade, primarily driven by the infamous Medellín Cartel led by Pablo Escobar. This period was marked by significant police corruption, as the vast wealth and influence of drug cartels infiltrated many levels of Colombian society, including law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Influence_of_Drug_Cartels">The Influence of Drug Cartels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Influence of Drug Cartels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pablo Escobar, known for his ruthlessness and wealth, used his financial power to corrupt officials and law enforcement agents across Colombia. The Medellín Cartel, at its height, generated billions of dollars annually from the cocaine trade. This immense wealth allowed Escobar to exert considerable influence over police officers through a combination of bribery and intimidation, often summarized by the phrase "plata o plomo" (silver or lead), meaning officers could accept a bribe or face violence.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Escobar's cartel routinely bribed police officers to look the other way or actively assist in the cartel's operations.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many officers were offered substantial sums of money to provide intelligence, ignore drug trafficking activities, or facilitate the cartel’s logistics.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who refused were often met with threats or violence. As a result, many police officers felt they had little choice but to comply with the cartel's demands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Systemic_Corruption">Systemic Corruption</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Systemic Corruption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The systemic nature of corruption during this era extended beyond individual officers to higher levels of law enforcement and government.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several high-ranking officials were implicated in corruption scandals, highlighting the widespread reach of Escobar's influence.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This systemic corruption severely undermined the effectiveness of law enforcement efforts to combat drug trafficking and contributed to the instability and violence that plagued Colombia during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Efforts_to_Combat_Corruption">Efforts to Combat Corruption</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Efforts to Combat Corruption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Colombian government, with assistance from international partners, made concerted efforts to combat police corruption and the influence of drug cartels.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These efforts included purging corrupt officers, implementing stricter accountability measures, and enhancing training programs to instill ethical standards.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these efforts, the pervasive corruption fostered by Escobar’s cartel left a lasting impact on Colombian law enforcement and highlighted the challenges of addressing organized crime in a context of widespread corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_1990s_improvement_drive">Late 1990s improvement drive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Late 1990s improvement drive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colpolwpowell.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Colpolwpowell.png/220px-Colpolwpowell.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Colpolwpowell.png/330px-Colpolwpowell.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Colpolwpowell.png/440px-Colpolwpowell.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption>Former U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> during a visit to Colombia greeted by a Colombian National Police patroller.</figcaption></figure> <p>During successive weak presidencies, some Colombian National Police members were accused of being involved in many corruption cases, including guerrilla collaboration; paramilitarism and the cleansing of the leftist Patriotic Union Party, among other cases; and the corruption generated by the drug cartels' illegal money or other criminal activities. The CNP became untrusted by the general population of Colombia and the country was facing an intense conflict or a full scale <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a>. </p><p>To prevent this situation the institution began a process of change focusing on reinvigorating the values and principles of the institution, mostly led by General <a href="/wiki/Rosso_Jose_Serrano" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosso Jose Serrano">Rosso Jose Serrano</a>. Colombia's problems were demanding a strong government with strong institutions to face the numerous violations to the constitution and the population in general. The first steps towards this path was the relegation of bad policemen inside the force and targeting the major criminal organizations. The institution also focused on providing better benefits for the policemen and their families; and a particular effort to restore the trust of the community for the police force, emphasizing preventing crime, educating the population and the policemen on cordial relationships, neighborhood watch, cooperation, and community development. </p><p>Since 1995 the National Police has begun to change norms, structures, and standard operating procedures, essentially on policemen's judgment toward accomplishing missions and encouraging those who are willing to work with selfless service, integrity, leadership, and a vision of improving the population in general. </p><p>The National Police continues to have some corruption and human rights problems but the improvement has been considerable, including the education of personnel in other countries' law enforcement institutions and educational institutions through cooperation agreements. The institution is also highly involved in the <a href="/wiki/Plan_Colombia" title="Plan Colombia">Plan Colombia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007_Wiretapping_Scandal">2007 Wiretapping Scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2007 Wiretapping Scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2007, <a href="/wiki/Revista_Semana" class="mw-redirect" title="Revista Semana">Revista Semana</a> released transcripts of illegal wiretaps of incarcerated paramilitary leaders. After admitting his knowledge of the taps, commanding general <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Daniel_Castro" title="Jorge Daniel Castro">Jorge Daniel Castro</a> was asked to resign, along with General Guillermo Chavez Ocana, the intelligence chief. General Oscar Naranjo Trujillo, a relatively junior general, was named to replace Castro. Due to police rules, Naranjo's appointment required the additional retirement of 10 senior generals.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_2020's_to_Current"><span id="Early_2020.27s_to_Current"></span>Early 2020's to Current</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Early 2020's to Current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Colombian National Police, operating under the Ministry of Defense, is responsible for internal law enforcement in Colombia. The Migration Directorate, part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, manages immigration-related matters. Law enforcement investigatory responsibilities are shared between the National Police and the Attorney General’s Corps of Technical Investigators. While the army primarily focuses on defending the country against external threats, it also provides logistical support and security for criminal investigations in high-conflict or remote areas. Civilian authorities generally maintain effective control over security forces, though there have been reports of abuses by security force members.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent developments in Colombia have highlighted ongoing challenges, including reports of unlawful killings, torture, and arbitrary detention by security forces and armed groups. The country has experienced serious abuses related to its ongoing conflict, criminalization of libel, government corruption, and violence against marginalized groups such as <a href="/wiki/Afro-Colombian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Colombian">Afro-Colombians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Indigenous persons</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Colombia">LGBTQ+</a> individuals, and trade unionists. Despite efforts by the government to investigate, prosecute, and punish those responsible for human rights abuses, many cases encounter prolonged delays. These cases often originate from the armed conflict dating back to the 1960s. The government also works to combat official corruption.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent reforms have focused on improving transparency and accountability, with measures such as mandatory body cameras for officers and increased community oversight.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Perspectives">Modern Perspectives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Modern Perspectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theoretical_Perspectives_on_Policing">Theoretical Perspectives on Policing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Theoretical Perspectives on Policing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Colombia, the concept of policing extends beyond traditional law enforcement practices, integrating broader social and security implications. This comprehensive approach is evident in the interplay between state authority and community engagement. </p><p>Theoretical frameworks emphasize that contemporary policing models in Colombia are deeply influenced by the socio-political context. These models often integrate community policing strategies aimed at fostering better relationships between the police and local populations. Such strategies are designed to build trust and cooperation, which are essential for effective law enforcement and maintaining public safety. The focus is not only on reactive measures but also on proactive engagement with communities to prevent crime and address its root causes.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These contemporary models suggest a more integrated approach to maintaining public order, one that goes beyond the mere enforcement of laws. This approach includes addressing underlying social issues such as poverty, inequality, and lack of education, which are often at the root of criminal behavior. </p><p>Peacebuilding initiatives undertaken by the National Police align with this integrated approach. These initiatives involve engaging communities in dialogue and reconciliation processes, helping to rebuild trust and cooperation between the police and civilians in post-conflict areas. This peacebuilding model is crucial for maintaining long-term public order and security, as it seeks to address the historical grievances and socio-economic disparities that contribute to unrest and criminal activity. Examples of successful initiatives include the “Community Safety Forums” and “Youth Engagement Programs,” which have shown positive outcomes in fostering trust and collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The shift towards these contemporary policing models reflects a broader trend in policing where the focus is on creating a more inclusive and community-oriented force. The National Police of Colombia have adapted their strategies to be more inclusive, aiming to foster strong relationships with civilians and address systemic issues. This approach requires continuous adaptation and analysis to ensure that the policing strategies remain effective and relevant in the changing socio-political landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime,_Justice,_and_Social_Democracy"><span id="Crime.2C_Justice.2C_and_Social_Democracy"></span>Crime, Justice, and Social Democracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Crime, Justice, and Social Democracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colombia has undertaken significant efforts to reform its criminal justice system to address various challenges, including corruption, human rights violations, and the need for effective community policing. These reforms aim to create a more transparent, accountable, and equitable system of law enforcement. </p><p>To enhance transparency and accountability, the National Police of Colombia has implemented several anti-corruption initiatives. These measures include the establishment of internal affairs units dedicated to investigating police misconduct and corruption. Regular audits and transparency reports are published to ensure public oversight.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, recognizing the importance of human rights in law enforcement, the National Police have incorporated comprehensive human rights training into their curriculum. This training, which is mandatory for all officers, emphasizes the importance of upholding human rights standards in all policing activities.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, to foster accountability, the National Police have established community oversight committees that allow civilians to participate in monitoring police activities. These committees provide a platform for citizens to voice concerns and report misconduct, thereby enhancing community trust in the police force.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efforts to improve equity and community relations include the implementation of various community policing programs aimed at building stronger relationships between the police and the communities they serve. These programs involve regular meetings between police officers and community members to discuss local issues, collaborative problem-solving initiatives, and joint community service projects. Educational outreach is another key component of these efforts. The National Police engage in educational outreach programs in schools and neighborhoods, offering workshops on crime prevention, drug awareness, and the role of the police in society. The goal is to educate the public and foster a cooperative spirit between civilians and law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the police force has launched several civic engagement initiatives that encourage the active participation of civilians in maintaining public safety. These initiatives include volunteer programs where community members can work alongside police officers in various capacities, such as neighborhood watch programs and public safety campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Police of Colombia have played a pivotal role in peace building efforts, especially in post-conflict scenarios. These efforts are part of a broader strategy to support national reconciliation and stability. Key initiatives include demobilization and reintegration programs, where the police work in tandem with other government agencies to facilitate the demobilization and reintegration of former combatants. These programs provide vocational training, psychological support, and employment opportunities to help former combatants reintegrate into society peacefully.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To address historical grievances and foster trust, the National Police engage in community dialogue projects. These projects involve facilitated discussions between police officers and community members affected by conflict, aiming to build mutual understanding and collaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognizing the importance of engaging young people in peacebuilding, the police have also developed programs specifically targeting at-risk youth. These programs offer educational opportunities, mentorship, and recreational activities to steer youth away from violence and towards constructive community involvement.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ranks">Ranks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officers">Officers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colombian_National_Police_officer_rank_insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian National Police officer rank insignia">Colombian National Police officer rank insignia</a></div> <p>The Officer Corps of the Colombian National Police forms the commanding level of the institution, starting with the rank of sub-lieutenant, and ascending through lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, brigadier general, major general, lieutenant general to the final and top grade of general. This branch is in charge of the administrative area of the institution and its public relations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rank_Badges">Rank Badges</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rank Badges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executives">Executives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Executives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colombian_National_Police_executive_rank_insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian National Police executive rank insignia">Colombian National Police executive rank insignia</a></div> <p>The executive branch is formed by chief officers of the Colombian National Police, who are commissioned to political appointee duties, and may or may not actually be professional police officers. In these circumstances, there is often a professional chief of police in charge of day-to-day operations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rank_Badges_2">Rank Badges</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Rank Badges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enlisted">Enlisted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Enlisted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colombian_National_Police_enlisted_rank_insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian National Police enlisted rank insignia">Colombian National Police enlisted rank insignia</a></div> <p>This branch of the Colombian National Police is in charge of executing operations and functions under the command of the officers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auxiliary_Police">Auxiliary Police</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Auxiliary Police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Auxiliar de Policía : Auxiliary Police: Military conscripts serving their compulsory military service in the National Police for (18) eighteen months, performing any other activities as a professional member of the institution. They use small arms, <a href="/wiki/Side-handle_baton" class="mw-redirect" title="Side-handle baton">side-handle batons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tonfa" title="Tonfa">Tonfa</a>), and in areas of public policing or are guards of the police station, using long range weapons (rifles).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_Police" title="Bachelor Police">Auxiliar de Policía Bachiller</a>: Auxiliary Police Bachelor: Provides his compulsory military service in the National Police for (12) twelve months performing community activities, such as regulating traffic and other primary activities of police. Does not use firearms.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Police is an armed police service that is civilian in nature, with a hierarchical structure, similar to that of the Military Forces of Colombia. The CNP is headed by the General of the National Police, who is appointed by the President of the Republic, and must be a General officer of the institution. </p><p>Because their jurisdiction is national, the police distributed in its coverage: (8) Regional Police, (5) Metropolitan Police and (34) Police Departments, including the region of Uraba. </p><p>The Directorate General (DIPON), is divided into six directorates support services (administrative), eight operational direction, a direction of educational counselors and five offices: </p> <ul><li>Operational Level: <ul><li>Dirección de Seguridad Ciudadana (DISEC) - <a href="/wiki/Directorate_for_Citizens_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate for Citizens Security">Directorate for Citizens Security</a> (DISEC)</li> <li>Dirección de Carabineros y Seguridad - <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Carabiners_and_Rural_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate of Carabiners and Rural Security">Directorate of Carabiners and Rural Security</a></li> <li>Dirección de Investigación Criminal e Interpol (DICIL) - <a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Criminal_Investigation_and_Interpol" title="Directorate of Criminal Investigation and Interpol">Directorate of Criminal Investigation and Interpol</a></li> <li>Dirección de Inteligencia Policial (DIPOL) - Police Intelligence Directorate (DIPOL)</li> <li>Dirección de Antinarcóticos (DIRAN) - Anti-Narcotics Directorate (DIRAN)</li> <li>Dirección de Protección y Servicios Especiales (DIPRO) - Directorate for Protection and Special Services (DIPRO)</li> <li>Dirección Antisecuestro y Antiextorsión - Directorate for Anti-kidnapping and Anti Extortion</li> <li>Dirección de Tránsito y Transporte - Directorate of Traffic and Transportation</li></ul></li> <li>Administrative level: <ul><li>Dirección Administrativa y Financiera (DIRAF) - Directorate for Administration and Finance</li> <li>Dirección de Talento Humano (DITAH) - Directorate of Human Capability</li> <li>Dirección de Sanidad (DISAN) - Directorate of Health</li> <li>Dirección de Bienestar Social (DIBIE) - Directorate of Social Welfare</li> <li>Dirección de Incorporación (DINCO) - Directorate of Incorporation</li></ul></li> <li>Advisory offices: <ul><li>Inspección General (INSGE) - Inspector General</li> <li>Oficina de Planeación (OFPLA) - Planning Office</li> <li>Secretaria General (SEGEN) - Secretary General</li> <li>Oficina de Telemática (OFITE) - Office of TeleCommunications</li> <li>Oficina de Comunicaciones Estratégicas (COEST) - Office of Strategic Communications</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Groups">Special Groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Special Groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Search_Bloc" title="Search Bloc">Search Bloc</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombian_Police_(9731090765).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Colombian_Police_%289731090765%29.jpg/220px-Colombian_Police_%289731090765%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Colombian_Police_%289731090765%29.jpg/330px-Colombian_Police_%289731090765%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Colombian_Police_%289731090765%29.jpg/440px-Colombian_Police_%289731090765%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Special Operations Commandos</figcaption></figure> <p>The following Grupos especiales or Special Groups exist within the CNP: </p> <ul><li>(COPES) Comando de Operaciones Especiales (Commando group)</li> <li>(GOES) Grupo de Operaciones Especiales (SWAT)</li> <li>(CORAM) Comando de Reacción Motorizada (Motorized reaction group)</li> <li>(JUNGLA) Comandos Jungla Antinarcóticos (counter narcotics)</li> <li>(CEAT) Cuerpo Especial Antiterrorista (Anti and counter terror)</li> <li>(EMCAR) Escuadrón Móvil de Carabineros (Rural vigilance)</li> <li>(ESMAD) Escuadrón Móvil Antidisturbios (Riot police)</li> <li>(GRATE) Grupo Antiterrorista (Anti terror)</li> <li>(BLAUR) Grupo Bloque Antiterrorista Urbano (Urban Anti Terror)</li> <li>(UNIR) Unidad de Intervención y Reacción (Quick reaction force)</li> <li>(FUCUR) Fuerza de Control Urbano (urban control)</li> <li>(GAULA) Grupos de Acción Unificada por la Libertad personal (Unified Action Group for Liberty) (Counter kidnap, counter extortion, and hostage rescue)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_organization">Regional organization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Regional organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Police Regions</li></ul> <ol><li>Región de Policía No. 1 - Police Region 1 headquartered in Bogota</li> <li>Región de Policía No. 2 - Police Region 2 headquartered in Neiva</li> <li>Región de Policía No. 3 - Police Region 3 headquartered in Pereira</li> <li>Región de Policía No. 4 - Police Region 4 headquartered in Cali</li> <li>Región de Policía No. 5 - Police Region 5 headquartered in Cucuta</li> <li>Región de Policía No. 6 - Police Region 6 headquartered in Medellin</li> <li>Región de Policía No. 7 - Police Region 7 headquartered in Villavicencio</li> <li>Región de Policía No. 8 - Police Region 8 headquartered in Barranquilla</li></ol> <ul><li>Policía Metropolitana - Metropolitan Police - There are 17 metropolitan police commands in Bogota, Tunja, Medellin, Cali, Barranquilla, Cartagena, Cucuta, Pereira, Bucaramanga, Santa Marta, Valle de Aburrá, Pereira, Ibagué, Neiva, Villavicencio, Pasto and Popayán. These are led by either Colonels or Brigadier Generals.</li> <li>Departamento de Policía - Departmental Police - Each of the 32 departments of Colombia have a full Departmental Police Command with a Colonel as Commanding officer, with Uraba and Magdalena Medio having their own departmental police commands bringing the total number to 34.</li></ul> <p>Both are subdivided as follows: </p> <ol><li>Comando Operativo de Seguridad Ciudadana - Operational command of Public Safety</li> <li>Distrito de Policía - Police District</li> <li>Estación de Policía - Police Station</li> <li>Subestación de Policía - Police Substation</li> <li>Comandos de Atención Inmediata – CAI - immediate attention Commands</li> <li>Puesto de Policía - Police Posts</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapcolcesarcolnalpolschools.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Mapcolcesarcolnalpolschools.png/220px-Mapcolcesarcolnalpolschools.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Mapcolcesarcolnalpolschools.png/330px-Mapcolcesarcolnalpolschools.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Mapcolcesarcolnalpolschools.png/440px-Mapcolcesarcolnalpolschools.png 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Colombian National Police School locations in Colombia.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_(7456398796).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287456398796%29.jpg/220px-Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287456398796%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287456398796%29.jpg/330px-Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287456398796%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287456398796%29.jpg/440px-Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287456398796%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Motorcycle used by the Colombian National Police</figcaption></figure> <p>The Colombian National Police has 18 different educational facilities throughout Colombia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_Santander_Academy">General Santander Academy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: General Santander Academy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/General_Santander_National_Police_Academy" title="General Santander National Police Academy">General Santander National Police Academy</a></div> <p>The General Santander National Police Academy is the main educational center for the Colombian National Police. The academy functions as a university for the formation of its force, focusing primarily on officers. It is located in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Police_NCO_School_"Gonzalo_Jimenez_de_Quesada""><span id="National_Police_NCO_School_.22Gonzalo_Jimenez_de_Quesada.22"></span>National Police NCO School "Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada"</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: National Police NCO School "Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based in <a href="/wiki/Sibat%C3%A9" title="Sibaté">Sibaté</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cundinamarca_Department" title="Cundinamarca Department">Cundinamarca Department</a>, the National Police NCO School trains all active non-commissioned personnel of the National Police in the police sciences, basic police training and proper methods in policing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Carabinier_School_"Alfonso_Lopez_Pumarejo""><span id="National_Carabinier_School_.22Alfonso_Lopez_Pumarejo.22"></span>National Carabinier School "Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo"</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: National Carabinier School "Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Carabinier School with its campus in <a href="/wiki/Facatativ%C3%A1" title="Facatativá">Facatativá</a> in Cundinamarca trains the Colombian Carabiniers, the mounted and rural branch of the National Police dedicated towards keeping law and order in the nation's rural communities, and one of its oldest components, having been set up in 1846, 45 years before the advent of the National Police. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Police_Staff_College">National Police Staff College</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: National Police Staff College"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stationed in Bogota, the national capital city, this institution trains all senior grade officers of the National Police in preparation for them to receive more higher responsibilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bogota_Metropolitan_Police_Academy_"Lieutenant_Colonel_Julián_Ernesto_Guevara_Castro""><span id="Bogota_Metropolitan_Police_Academy_.22Lieutenant_Colonel_Juli.C3.A1n_Ernesto_Guevara_Castro.22"></span>Bogota Metropolitan Police Academy "Lieutenant Colonel Julián Ernesto Guevara Castro"</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Bogota Metropolitan Police Academy "Lieutenant Colonel Julián Ernesto Guevara Castro""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bogota Metropolitan Police Academy trains all officers, executive staff and policemen for service in the capital city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sumapaz_Provincial_Police_Academy">Sumapaz Provincial Police Academy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sumapaz Provincial Police Academy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With campus in <a href="/wiki/Fusagasug%C3%A1" title="Fusagasugá">Fusagasugá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumapaz_Province" title="Sumapaz Province">Sumapaz Province</a>, Cundinamarca, it is one of the foremost departamental police academies of the National Police, training men and women in public security and police skills in the province and throughout the Greater Bogota area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antonio_Nariño_Police_Academy"><span id="Antonio_Nari.C3.B1o_Police_Academy"></span>Antonio Nariño Police Academy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Antonio Nariño Police Academy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stationed in <a href="/wiki/Soledad,_Atl%C3%A1ntico" title="Soledad, Atlántico">Soledad, Atlántico</a>, this police academy trains future non-commissioned police agents and executive staff in service in the Greater Barranquilla area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Police_Air_Training_School">National Police Air Training School</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: National Police Air Training School"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located in the municipality of <a href="/wiki/Mariquita,_Tolima" title="Mariquita, Tolima">Mariquita, Tolima</a>, it trains police agents, executive service staff, and officers for service in the Police Air Service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Police_School_of_Criminal_Investigation_and_Detection">National Police School of Criminal Investigation and Detection</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: National Police School of Criminal Investigation and Detection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based in Bogota it is the primary center for the education of police personnel in the processes of criminal investigation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_(7433263452).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287433263452%29.jpg/220px-Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287433263452%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287433263452%29.jpg/330px-Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287433263452%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287433263452%29.jpg/440px-Intervenci%C3%B3n_a_la_ciudad_de_Bogot%C3%A1_%287433263452%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption>Police vehicles</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>Armed speedboats.</li> <li>Transport trucks.</li> <li>Armored vehicles.</li> <li>Buffalo riot control vehicles</li> <li>Pick-Up Trucks for rural transport.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Prado" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Prado">Toyota Prado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Patrol" title="Nissan Patrol">Nissan Patrol</a> Trucks for patrol.</li> <li>Vans to transport prisoners and metropolitan work.</li> <li>Buses to transport prisoners</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Optra" title="Chevrolet Optra">Chevrolet Optra</a> work for metropolitan and prosecution.</li> <li>High-powered motorcycles.</li></ol> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanqueta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tanqueta.jpg/220px-Tanqueta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tanqueta.jpg/330px-Tanqueta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tanqueta.jpg/440px-Tanqueta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="1664" /></a><figcaption>Armored Riot control vehicle with water cannon ISBI</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_weapons">Personal weapons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Personal weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grenade launchers: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mk_19_grenade_launcher" title="Mk 19 grenade launcher">Mk 19 grenade launcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M79_Grenade_Launcher" class="mw-redirect" title="M79 Grenade Launcher">M79 Grenade Launcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkor_MGL" title="Milkor MGL">Milkor MGL</a></li></ul> <p>Machine Guns: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IMI_Negev" class="mw-redirect" title="IMI Negev">IMI Negev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAU-17" class="mw-redirect" title="GAU-17">GAU-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M240_machine_gun" title="M240 machine gun">M240 machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M249_SAW" class="mw-redirect" title="M249 SAW">M249 SAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M60_Machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="M60 Machine gun">M60 Machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAU-19" title="GAU-19">GAU-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">M1919 Browning machine gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">M2 Browning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_HK21" title="Heckler & Koch HK21">Heckler & Koch HK21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimax_100" title="Ultimax 100">Ultimax 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FN_MAG" title="FN MAG">FN MAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MG_42" title="MG 42">MG 42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vektor_SS-77" title="Vektor SS-77">Vektor SS-77</a></li></ul> <p>Rifles: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4 carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16 rifle</a> variants M16A2, M16A3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMI_Galil" title="IMI Galil">IMI Galil</a> variants AR, SAR, ARM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galil_ACE" class="mw-redirect" title="Galil ACE">Galil ACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMI_Tavor_TAR-21" class="mw-redirect" title="IMI Tavor TAR-21">IMI Tavor TAR-21</a></li></ul> <p>Submachine guns: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzi" title="Uzi">Uzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_MP" title="Walther MP">Walther MP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HK_MP5" class="mw-redirect" title="HK MP5">HK MP5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDI_Vector" class="mw-redirect" title="TDI Vector">TDI Vector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMI_Tavor_TAR-21#Micro_Tavor" class="mw-redirect" title="IMI Tavor TAR-21">Micro Tavor</a></li></ul> <p>Handguns: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colt_M1911" class="mw-redirect" title="Colt M1911">Colt M1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho_941" class="mw-redirect" title="Jericho 941">Jericho 941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CZ_45" title="CZ 45">CZ 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P228" class="mw-redirect" title="SIG Sauer P228">SIG Sauer P228 (M11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_Pro_series" class="mw-redirect" title="SIG Sauer Pro series">SIG Sauer Pro</a> variants 2009 and 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIG_Sauer_P226" title="SIG Sauer P226">SIG Sauer P226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CZ_75" title="CZ 75">CZ 75variant</a> BD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson_Model_59#Model_459" title="Smith & Wesson Model 59">Smith & Wesson 459</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Uberti,_Srl." class="mw-redirect" title="A. Uberti, Srl.">Uberti</a> Revolvers</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aircraft_inventory">Aircraft inventory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Aircraft inventory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blackhawk_helicopter_(with_crew)_of_the_Colombian_National_Police.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Blackhawk_helicopter_%28with_crew%29_of_the_Colombian_National_Police.jpg/220px-Blackhawk_helicopter_%28with_crew%29_of_the_Colombian_National_Police.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Blackhawk_helicopter_%28with_crew%29_of_the_Colombian_National_Police.jpg/330px-Blackhawk_helicopter_%28with_crew%29_of_the_Colombian_National_Police.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Blackhawk_helicopter_%28with_crew%29_of_the_Colombian_National_Police.jpg/440px-Blackhawk_helicopter_%28with_crew%29_of_the_Colombian_National_Police.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Blackhawk helicopter (with crew) of the Colombian National Police</figcaption></figure> <p>Servicio Aéreo de Policia (SAPOL) operates 39 fixed wing aircraft and 65 helicópters<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Fixed-wing</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tractor_AT-802" title="Air Tractor AT-802">Air Tractor AT-802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATR_42" title="ATR 42">ATR 42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayres_Thrush" title="Ayres Thrush">Ayres S2R-T45 Turbo Thrush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basler_BT-67" title="Basler BT-67">Basler BT-67</a> (produced by <a href="/wiki/Basler_Turbo_Conversions" class="mw-redirect" title="Basler Turbo Conversions">Basler Turbo Conversions</a> basically a retrofitted <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3</a> airframe.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_206" title="Cessna 206">Cessna TU206G Stationair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_1900" title="Beechcraft 1900">Beechcraft 1900</a>D</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">Beechcraft B300 King Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">Beechcraft 200 Super King Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_99" title="Beechcraft Model 99">Beechcraft C99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Dash_8_300" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Dash 8 300">Bombardier Dash 8-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_208" class="mw-redirect" title="Cessna 208">Cessna 208B Grand Caravan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_152" title="Cessna 152">Cessna 152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-6_Twin_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter">de Havilland Canada DHC-6-300 Twin Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Swearingen_Metroliner" title="Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner">Fairchild SA227-AC Metro III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-26_Metroliner" class="mw-redirect" title="C-26 Metroliner">Fairchild C-26</a></li></ul> <p><b>Helicopters</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MD_Helicopters_MD_500" title="MD Helicopters MD 500">MD Helicopters MD-530F Lifter and MD-500D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OH-58_Kiowa" class="mw-redirect" title="OH-58 Kiowa">Bell OH-58s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bell_206" title="Bell 206">Bell 206B Ranger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_206" title="Bell 206">Bell 206L Longranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UH-1_Iroquois" class="mw-redirect" title="UH-1 Iroquois">Bell UH-1Hs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_212" title="Bell 212">Bell 212</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_412" title="Bell 412">Bell 412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UH-60_Black_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="UH-60 Black Hawk">Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk</a></li></ul> <p>Bell 407/407 GX Bell Huey II </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_Civil_Guards_now_abolished">Historic Civil Guards now abolished</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Historic Civil Guards now abolished"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Civil Guard (Colombia), created in 1902</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Colombia" title="Crime in Colombia">Crime in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuerpo_T%C3%A9cnico_de_Investigaci%C3%B3n" title="Cuerpo Técnico de Investigación">Cuerpo Técnico de Investigación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Migration" title="Colombia Migration">Colombia Migration</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/descargas/Documentos_Home/RESUMEN%20PTO%202008.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090621025055/http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/descargas/Documentos_Home/RESUMEN%20PTO%202008.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2009-06-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindefensa.gov.co%2Fdescargas%2FDocumentos_Home%2FRESUMEN%2520PTO%25202008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/descargas/Documentos_Home/Balance_Mindefensa_2007_2008.pdf">http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/descargas/Documentos_Home/Balance_Mindefensa_2007_2008.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.presidencia.gov.co/constitucion/index.pdf">Articles 216–218, Political Constitution of Colombia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090620013429/http://web.presidencia.gov.co/constitucion/index.pdf">Archived</a> June 20, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVollmanCollege" class="citation journal cs1">Vollman, Brenda; College, Borough of Manhattan Community. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.achievingthedream.org/bmcccriminaljustice/chapter/section-4-1-early-history-of-policing/">"Section 4.1: Early History of Policing"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Section+4.1%3A+Early+History+of+Policing&rft.aulast=Vollman&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.au=College%2C+Borough+of+Manhattan+Community&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.achievingthedream.org%2Fbmcccriminaljustice%2Fchapter%2Fsection-4-1-early-history-of-policing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law-journals-books.vlex.com/vid/colombia-51759152">"Colombia"</a>. <i>vLex</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vLex&rft.atitle=Colombia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw-journals-books.vlex.com%2Fvid%2Fcolombia-51759152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaracaldo_Méndez2018" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Baracaldo Méndez, María Stella (December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2007-21712018000200005&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es">"La educación de la policía en Colombia: situación y prospección para materializar el estado social de derecho y la paz justa y duradera"</a>. <i>Diálogos sobre educación. Temas actuales en investigación educativa</i> (in Spanish). <b>9</b> (17): 0. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2007-2171">2007-2171</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Di%C3%A1logos+sobre+educaci%C3%B3n.+Temas+actuales+en+investigaci%C3%B3n+educativa&rft.atitle=La+educaci%C3%B3n+de+la+polic%C3%ADa+en+Colombia%3A+situaci%C3%B3n+y+prospecci%C3%B3n+para+materializar+el+estado+social+de+derecho+y+la+paz+justa+y+duradera&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=0&rft.date=2018-12&rft.issn=2007-2171&rft.aulast=Baracaldo+M%C3%A9ndez&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Stella&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.org.mx%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_abstract%26pid%3DS2007-21712018000200005%26lng%3Des%26nrm%3Diso%26tlng%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman2010" class="citation cs2">Goodman, Robin Truth (2010-07-02), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781438429052-006/html">"The Hunt for the World's Greatest Outlaw"</a>, <i>Policing Narratives and the State of Terror</i>, SUNY Press, pp. 101–119, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781438429052-006">10.1515/9781438429052-006</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-2905-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4384-2905-2"><bdi>978-1-4384-2905-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-10</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Hunt+for+the+World%27s+Greatest+Outlaw&rft.btitle=Policing+Narratives+and+the+State+of+Terror&rft.pages=101-119&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2010-07-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781438429052-006&rft.isbn=978-1-4384-2905-2&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Robin+Truth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9781438429052-006%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEscobarFisher2010" class="citation book cs1">Escobar, Roberto; Fisher, David (2010). <i>The accountant's story: inside the violent world of the Medellin Cartel</i>. New York: Grand Central Publ. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-446-17894-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-446-17894-5"><bdi>978-0-446-17894-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+accountant%27s+story%3A+inside+the+violent+world+of+the+Medellin+Cartel&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grand+Central+Publ&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-446-17894-5&rft.aulast=Escobar&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft.au=Fisher%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudley2006" class="citation book cs1">Dudley, Steven S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm67984970"><i>Walking ghosts: murder and guerrilla politics in Colombia</i></a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93304-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93304-9"><bdi>978-0-415-93304-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/67984970">67984970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+ghosts%3A+murder+and+guerrilla+politics+in+Colombia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2Focm67984970&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93304-9&rft.aulast=Dudley&rft.aufirst=Steven+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Focm67984970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirk2003" class="citation book cs1">Kirk, Robin (2003). <i>More terrible than death: massacres, drugs, and America's war in Colombia</i> (l. ed.). New York, NY: PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-207-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-207-7"><bdi>978-1-58648-207-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=More+terrible+than+death%3A+massacres%2C+drugs%2C+and+America%27s+war+in+Colombia&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=l.&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-207-7&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClawsonLee1998" class="citation book cs1">Clawson, Patrick; Lee, Rensselaer W. (1998). <i>The Andean cocaine industry</i> (Nachdr. ed.). New York, NY: St. Martin's Griffin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-17691-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-17691-4"><bdi>978-0-312-17691-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Andean+cocaine+industry&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=Nachdr.&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-312-17691-4&rft.aulast=Clawson&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Lee%2C+Rensselaer+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThoumi2003" class="citation book cs1">Thoumi, Francisco E. (2003). <i>Illegal drugs, economy and society in the Andes</i>. Washington, D.C. : Baltimore: Woodrow Wilson Center Press ; [Distributed by] Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7849-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7849-7"><bdi>978-0-8018-7849-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illegal+drugs%2C+economy+and+society+in+the+Andes&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+Baltimore&rft.pub=Woodrow+Wilson+Center+Press+%3B+%5BDistributed+by%5D+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-7849-7&rft.aulast=Thoumi&rft.aufirst=Francisco+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolano2005" class="citation book cs1">Molano, Alfredo (2005). <i>The dispossessed: chronicles of the desterrados of Colombia</i>. Chicago: Haymarket Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931859-17-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931859-17-2"><bdi>978-1-931859-17-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+dispossessed%3A+chronicles+of+the+desterrados+of+Colombia&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Haymarket+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-931859-17-2&rft.aulast=Molano&rft.aufirst=Alfredo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuter1983" class="citation book cs1">Reuter, Peter (1983). <i>Disorganized crime: the economics of the visible hand</i>. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-18107-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-18107-5"><bdi>978-0-262-18107-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disorganized+crime%3A+the+economics+of+the+visible+hand&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-262-18107-5&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/printedition/displayStory.cfm?story_id=9194275">"Colombia: Trade, death and drugs"</a>. The Economist. 2007-05-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Colombia%3A+Trade%2C+death+and+drugs&rft.date=2007-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fprintedition%2FdisplayStory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D9194275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/colombia/">"Colombia"</a>. <i>United States Department of State</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Colombia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices%2Fcolombia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1362480613519555">"Editorial"</a>. <i>Theoretical Criminology</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 3–4. February 2014. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1362480613519555">10.1177/1362480613519555</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1362-4806">1362-4806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+Criminology&rft.atitle=Editorial&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-4&rft.date=2014-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1362480613519555&rft.issn=1362-4806&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F1362480613519555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd"><i>International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy</i></a>. Queensland University of Technology. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5204%2Fijcjsd">10.5204/ijcjsd</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Journal+for+Crime%2C+Justice+and+Social+Democracy&rft.pub=Queensland+University+of+Technology&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5204%2Fijcjsd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5204%2Fijcjsd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Police+of+Colombia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.policia.gov.co/portal/page/portal/Antinarcoticos/boletin_alas/boletin_alas%203.pdf">http://www.policia.gov.co/portal/page/portal/Antinarcoticos/boletin_alas/boletin_alas%203.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Police_of_Colombia&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.policia.gov.co/portal/page/portal/HOME/home1008">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oasportal.policia.gov.co/portal/page/portal/Noticias_y_Documentacion/News">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Police_forces_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Police" title="Template:Police"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Police" title="Template talk:Police"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Police" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Police"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Police_forces_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Police</a> forces by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_police" title="Algerian police">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Police_Service" title="Botswana Police Service">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Burundi" title="Law enforcement in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cape_Verde" title="Law enforcement in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_National_Police" title="Congolese National Police">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_National_Police" title="Egyptian National Police">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Police_Force" title="Eritrean Police Force">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia_Police_Force" title="The Gambia Police Force">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Police_Service" title="Ghana Police Service">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Guinea (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Ivory_Coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Ivory Coast (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Police" title="Kenya Police">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho_Mounted_Police_Service" title="Lesotho Mounted Police Service">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_National_Police" title="Liberian National Police">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Libya (page does not exist)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Madagascar"> Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Police_Service" title="Malawi Police Service">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Mali" title="Law enforcement in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Police_Force" title="Mauritius Police Force">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BBret%C3%A9_Nationale_(Morocco)" title="Sûreté Nationale (Morocco)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Police_Force" title="Namibian Police Force">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Niger" title="National Police of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Police_Force" title="Nigeria Police Force">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda_National_Police" title="Rwanda National Police">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Police" title="Sierra Leone Police">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Police_Force" title="Somali Police Force">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Police_Service" title="South African Police Service">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_Police_Service" title="South Sudan Police Service">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Tanzania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Tanzania (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Togo" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Tunisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Tunisia (page does not exist)">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_National_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Uganda National Police">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_of_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police of Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Republic_Police" title="Zimbabwe Republic Police">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Police_Force_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Federal_Police" title="Argentine Federal Police">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahamas_Police_Force" title="Royal Bahamas Police Force">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Barbados_Police_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Barbados Police Force">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize_Police_Department" title="Belize Police Department">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Bolivia" title="Law enforcement in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Brazil" title="Law enforcement in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Canada" title="Law enforcement in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Forces_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Forces of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_National_Police" title="Dominican Republic National Police">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Ecuador" title="National Police of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Police_(El_Salvador)" title="National Civil Police (El Salvador)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Greenland" title="Law enforcement in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Grenada_Police_Force" title="Royal Grenada Police Force">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Guatemala" title="Law enforcement in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_in_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law enforcement in Guyana (page does not exist)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_National_Police" title="Haitian National Police">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Honduras" title="Law enforcement in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Constabulary_Force" title="Jamaica Constabulary Force">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Mexico)" title="Federal Police (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Nicaragua" title="National Police of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_National_Police" title="Panamanian National Police">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Paraguay" title="Law enforcement in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Peru" title="National Police of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_St_Christopher_and_Nevis_Police_Force" title="Royal St Christopher and Nevis Police Force">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saint_Lucia_Police_Force" title="Royal Saint Lucia Police Force">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Police_Force" title="Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Suriname" title="Law enforcement in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Police_Service" title="Trinidad and Tobago Police Service">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Law enforcement in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Uruguay" title="National Police of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polic%C3%ADa_Nacional_Bolivariana" class="mw-redirect" title="Policía Nacional Bolivariana">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia and Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_National_Police" title="Afghan National Police">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Forces" title="Public Security Forces">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Police" title="Bangladesh Police">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Bhutan_Police" title="Royal Bhutan Police">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Brunei_Police_Force" title="Royal Brunei Police Force">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Police_Force" title="Myanmar Police Force">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cambodia" title="Law enforcement in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Police_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Police of the People's Republic of China">PR China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Police_Force" title="Hong Kong Police Force">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Macau Security Force">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police" title="Indonesian National Police">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Force_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Police" title="Iraqi Police">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zeravani" title="Zeravani">Kurdistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Japan)" title="National Police Agency (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_Directorate" title="Public Security Directorate">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kazakhstan" title="Law enforcement in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(South_Korea)" title="National Police Agency (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Police" title="Kuwait Police">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Law enforcement in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Laos)" title="Ministry of Public Security (Laos)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Forces" title="Internal Security Forces">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysia_Police" title="Royal Malaysia Police">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Mongolia)" title="National Police Agency (Mongolia)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Police_Force" title="Nauru Police Force">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Police" title="Nepal Police">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Police" title="New Zealand Police">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oman_Police" title="Royal Oman Police">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Investigation_Agency" title="Federal Investigation Agency">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Security_Services" title="Palestinian Security Services">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_State_Security" title="Qatar State Security">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Police_Force" title="Singapore Police Force">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka Police Service">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Syria" title="Law enforcement in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Police" title="Royal Thai Police">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Tajikistan" title="Law enforcement in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu_Police_Force" title="Tuvalu Police Force">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_East_Timor" title="National Police of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Turkmenistan" title="Law enforcement in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Law enforcement in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Uzbekistan" title="Law enforcement in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Security_Forces_(Yemen)" title="Special Security Forces (Yemen)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Police_(Albania)" title="State Police (Albania)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Corps_of_Andorra" title="Police Corps of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Armenia" title="Police of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Austria)" title="Federal Police (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Azerbaijan" title="Law enforcement in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militsiya_(Belarus)" title="Militsiya (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Belgium)" title="Federal Police (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Police">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Service_(Bulgaria)" title="National Police Service (Bulgaria)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Police of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Police" title="Cyprus Police">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Police of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Denmark" title="Police of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_and_Border_Guard_Board" title="Police and Border Guard Board">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Law enforcement in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Finland" title="Police of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_(France)" title="National Police (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Law enforcement in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Germany)" title="Federal Police (Germany)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Police" title="Hellenic Police">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rend%C5%91rs%C3%A9g" title="Rendőrség">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Police" title="Icelandic Police">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" title="Garda Síochána">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polizia_di_Stato" title="Polizia di Stato">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Police_(Latvia)" title="State Police (Latvia)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Police_Force" title="Lithuanian Police Force">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ducal_Police" title="Grand Ducal Police">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Police_Force" title="Malta Police Force">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Police_Inspectorate" class="mw-redirect" title="General Police Inspectorate">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Police_Department" title="Monaco Police Department">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Corps_(Netherlands)" title="National Police Corps (Netherlands)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_North_Macedonia" title="Police of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Police_Service" title="Norwegian Police Service">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Poland" title="Police of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia_de_Seguran%C3%A7a_P%C3%BAblica" title="Polícia de Segurança Pública">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Police" title="Romanian Police">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_of_Russia" title="Police of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Police_(San_Marino)" title="Civil Police (San Marino)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Slovakia" title="Law enforcement in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_National_Police_Force" title="Slovenian National Police Force">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Spain" title="Law enforcement in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Police_Authority" title="Swedish Police Authority">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Office_of_Police" title="Federal Office of Police">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)" title="General Directorate of Security (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_of_Ukraine" title="National Police of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories#England_and_Wales" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_Service_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Police Service of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gibraltar_Police" title="Royal Gibraltar Police">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">states with limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Police" title="Kosovo Police">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_for_Police" title="Directorate General for Police">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_Police" title="Somaliland Police">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Taiwan)" title="National Police Agency (Taiwan)">Republic of China (Taiwan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albania (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Albanian_Gendarmerie" title="Royal Albanian Gendarmerie">Royal Albanian Gendarmerie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Security_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Public Security (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkspolizei" title="Volkspolizei">East Germany</a></li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_National_Police" title="Integrated National Police">INP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Constabulary" title="Philippine Constabulary">Philippine Constabulary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milicja_Obywatelska" title="Milicja Obywatelska">Polish People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militsiya" title="Militsiya">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam_National_Police" title="Republic of Vietnam National Police"> South Vietnam</a></li> <li>Yugoslavia (<a href="/wiki/Militia_(Yugoslavia)" title="Militia (Yugoslavia)">SFR Yugoslavia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Border_protection_agencies" title="Template:Border protection agencies">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Coast_guards" title="Template:Coast guards">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Customs_services" title="Template:Customs services">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Police" title="Template:Police">Law enforcement agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Template:Types of law enforcement agencies">Types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template:National intelligence agencies">Intelligence agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Customs_services_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Customs_services" title="Template:Customs services"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Customs_services" title="Template talk:Customs services"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Customs_services" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Customs services"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Customs_services_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">Customs services</a> by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Algeria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Algeria) (page does not exist)">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Tax_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Tax Administration (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Benin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Benin) (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana_Unified_Revenue_Service" title="Botswana Unified Revenue Service">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Burkina_Faso)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Burkina Faso) (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burundi_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burundi Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Cameroon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Cameroon) (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Cape_Verde)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Cape Verde) (page does not exist)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Central_African_Republic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Central African Republic) (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Chad)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Chad) (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Comoros)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Comoros) (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Excise (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Republic of the Congo) (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Ivory_Coast)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Ivory Coast) (page does not exist)">Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Djibouti)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Djibouti) (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian_Customs_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyptian Customs Authority (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Equatorial_Guinea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Equatorial Guinea) (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Excise_Division_(Eritrea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Excise Division (Eritrea) (page does not exist)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Revenues_(Ethiopia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Revenues (Ethiopia) (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Gabon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Gabon) (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gambia_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gambia Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Revenue_Authority" title="Ghana Revenue Authority">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Guinea)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Guinea) (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Guinea-Bissau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Guinea-Bissau) (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Revenue_Authority" title="Kenya Revenue Authority">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesotho_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesotho Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberia_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberia Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libya_Customs_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libya Customs Authority (page does not exist)">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Madagascar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Madagascar) (page does not exist)"> Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Revenue_Authority" title="Malawi Revenue Authority">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Mali)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Mali) (page does not exist)">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Mauritania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Mauritania) (page does not exist)">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Revenue_Authority" title="Mauritius Revenue Authority">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administration_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes_(Morocco)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administration of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Morocco) (page does not exist)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozambique_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mozambique Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Namibia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Customs and Excise (Namibia) (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Niger)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Niger) (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Customs_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian Customs Service">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda_Revenue_Authority" title="Rwanda Revenue Authority">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (São Tomé and Príncipe) (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Senegal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Senegal) (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seychelles_Revenue_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seychelles Revenue Commission (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Revenue_Authority_(Sierra_Leone)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Revenue Authority (Sierra Leone) (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Somalia)" title="Ministry of Finance (Somalia)">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Revenue_Service" title="South African Revenue Service">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Sudan_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Sudan Customs Service (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sudan_Customs_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sudan Customs Authority (page does not exist)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swaziland_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swaziland Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Revenue_Authority" title="Tanzania Revenue Authority">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Commissioner_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Tax_(Togo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commissioner of Customs and Indirect Tax (Togo) (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Tunisia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Tunisia) (page does not exist)">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Revenue_Authority" title="Uganda Revenue Authority">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zambia_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zambia Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Revenue_Authority" title="Zimbabwe Revenue Authority">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Excise_Division_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Excise Division (Antigua and Barbuda) (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administraci%C3%B3n_Federal_de_Ingresos_P%C3%BAblicos" title="Administración Federal de Ingresos Públicos">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas_Customs_Service" title="Bahamas Customs Service">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbados_Customs_and_Excise_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbados Customs and Excise Department (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belize_Customs_%26_Excise_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belize Customs & Excise Department (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Customs_of_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Customs of Bolivia (page does not exist)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receita_Federal_do_Brasil" title="Receita Federal do Brasil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Border_Services_Agency" title="Canada Border Services Agency">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_National_Customs_(Chile)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of National Customs (Chile) (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li> <li>Colombia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Directorate_of_Taxes_and_Customs" title="National Directorate of Taxes and Customs">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_and_Customs_Police" title="Fiscal and Customs Police">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Costa_Rica)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Costa Rica) (page does not exist)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Customs_of_the_Republic_of_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Customs of the Republic of Cuba (page does not exist)">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominica_Customs_and_Excise_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominica Customs and Excise Division (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Dominican_Republic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Dominican Republic) (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Customs_Service_of_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Customs Service of Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(El_Salvador)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (El Salvador) (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenada_Customs_and_Excise_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenada Customs and Excise Division (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superintendency_of_Tax_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superintendency of Tax Administration (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guyana_Revenue_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guyana Revenue Authority (page does not exist)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Administration_of_Customs_(Haiti)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Administration of Customs (Haiti) (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Executive_Directorate_of_Revenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Executive Directorate of Revenue (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica_Customs_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamaica Customs Agency (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servicio_de_Administraci%C3%B3n_Tributaria" title="Servicio de Administración Tributaria">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Nicaragua)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Nicaragua) (page does not exist)">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Customs_Authority_(Panama)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Customs Authority (Panama) (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Directorate_of_Customs_(Paraguay)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Directorate of Customs (Paraguay) (page does not exist)">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superintendencia_Nacional_de_Administraci%C3%B3n_Tributaria" title="Superintendencia Nacional de Administración Tributaria">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Kitts_and_Nevis_Customs_and_Excise_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Kitts and Nevis Customs and Excise Department (page does not exist)">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Lucia_Customs_%26_Excise_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Lucia Customs & Excise Department (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suriname_Customs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suriname Customs (page does not exist)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Customs_%26_Excise_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Vincent and the Grenadines Customs & Excise Department (page does not exist)">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Excise_Division_(Trinidad_and_Tobago)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Excise Division (Trinidad and Tobago) (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Directorate_of_Customs_(Uruguay)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Directorate of Customs (Uruguay) (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Superintendent_of_the_National_Integrated_Tax_and_Customs_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Superintendent of the National Integrated Tax and Customs Administration (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Customs_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan Customs Department">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Affairs_(Bahrain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Affairs (Bahrain) (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Customs" title="Bangladesh Customs">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Revenue_and_Customs_(Bhutan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Revenue and Customs (Bhutan) (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Customs_and_Excise_Department_(Brunei)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Customs and Excise Department (Brunei) (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Department_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Cambodia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Department of Customs and Excise (Cambodia) (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Administration_of_Customs" title="General Administration of Customs">Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Customs_and_Excise_Department" title="Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_for_Security_(Macau)#Subordinate_entities" title="Secretary for Security (Macau)">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Excise_and_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Board of Excise and Customs">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate General of Customs and Excise (Indonesia)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Customs_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Customs Administration (page does not exist)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Commission_of_Customs_(Iraq)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Commission of Customs (Iraq) (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Tax_Authority" title="Israel Tax Authority">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Tariff_Bureau_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Tariff Bureau (Japan) (page does not exist)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan_Customs_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordan Customs Administration (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_of_State_Revenue_(Kazakhstan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee of State Revenue (Kazakhstan) (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Customs_Guidance_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Customs Guidance Agency (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Customs_Service" title="Korea Customs Service">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Administration_of_Customs_(Kuwait)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Administration of Customs (Kuwait) (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Service_(Kyrgyzstan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Service (Kyrgyzstan) (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao_Customs_Department" title="Lao Customs Department">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Customs_Administration" title="Lebanese Customs Administration">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Customs_Department" title="Royal Malaysian Customs Department">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldives_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldives Customs Service (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_General_Administration_of_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs General Administration of Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myanmar_Customs_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myanmar Customs Department (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Customs_(Nepal)" title="Department of Customs (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oman_Police#Customs" title="Royal Oman Police">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Customs" title="Pakistan Customs">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Palestine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Excise (Palestine) (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Customs" title="Bureau of Customs">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Authority_of_Customs_(Qatar)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Authority of Customs (Qatar) (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saudi_Arabia_Customs_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saudi Arabia Customs Authority (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Customs" title="Singapore Customs">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Customs" title="Sri Lanka Customs">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Syria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Syria) (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Administration,_Ministry_of_Finance" title="Customs Administration, Ministry of Finance">Republic of China (Taiwan)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Service_(Tajikistan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Service (Tajikistan) (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Department_(Thailand)" title="Customs Department (Thailand)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_(Timor-Leste)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs (Timor-Leste) (page does not exist)">Timor-Leste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Customs_Service_of_Turkmenistan" title="State Customs Service of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Customs_Authority" title="Federal Customs Authority">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Department_of_Vietnam_Customs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Department of Vietnam Customs (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yemen_Customs_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yemen Customs Authority (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Customs_(Albania)" title="General Directorate of Customs (Albania)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andorran_Customs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andorran Customs (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Customs_Service" title="Armenian Customs Service">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Administration_(Austria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Administration (Austria) (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Customs_Committee_(Azerbaijan)" title="State Customs Committee (Azerbaijan)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of the Republic of Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administration_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Belgium)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administration of Customs and Excise (Belgium) (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indirect_Taxation_Authority_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Indirect Taxation Authority of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Customs_Agency_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Customs Agency (Bulgaria) (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Customs_Administration" title="Croatian Customs Administration">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Cyprus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Customs and Excise (Cyprus) (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Administration_of_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Administration of the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danish_Customs_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danish Customs Agency (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_and_Customs_Board" title="Tax and Customs Board">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Customs" title="Finnish Customs">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_of_Customs_and_Indirect_Taxes" title="Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes">France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_Revenue_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia Revenue Service (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zollfahndungsamt" title="Zollfahndungsamt">ZFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollkriminalamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Zollkriminalamt">ZKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundeszollverwaltung" title="Bundeszollverwaltung">ZOLL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zentrale_Unterst%C3%BCtzungsgruppe_Zoll" title="Zentrale Unterstützungsgruppe Zoll">ZUZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_General_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Greece)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate General of Customs and Excise (Greece) (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Tax_and_Customs_Administration_(Hungary)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Tax and Customs Administration (Hungary) (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Customs" title="Directorate of Customs">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Commissioners" title="Revenue Commissioners">Ireland</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Finance_(Italy)#Fiscal_agencies" title="Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italy)">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardia_di_Finanza" title="Guardia di Finanza">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Customs_Board_(Latvia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Customs Board (Latvia) (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li>Liechtenstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Department_(Lithuania)" title="Customs Department (Lithuania)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administration_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Luxembourg)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administration of Customs and Excise (Luxembourg) (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Department_(Malta)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Department (Malta) (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Service_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" title="Customs Service of the Republic of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Administration_(Montenegro)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Administration (Montenegro) (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_and_Customs_Administration" title="Tax and Customs Administration">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Administration_of_the_Republic_of_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Administration of the Republic of North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Customs_Service" title="Norwegian Customs Service">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_and_Customs_Service_(Poland)" title="Tax and Customs Service (Poland)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tax_and_Customs_Authority_(Portugal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tax and Customs Authority (Portugal) (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Guard_(Romania)" title="Financial Guard (Romania)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Customs_Service_of_Russia" title="Federal Customs Service of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ufficio_Tributario&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ufficio Tributario (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_Administration_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs Administration of Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_Administration_of_the_Slovak_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Financial Administration of the Slovak Republic (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Financial_Administration_of_the_Republic_of_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Financial Administration of the Republic of Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tax_Agency" title="Spanish Tax Agency">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Customs_Service" title="Swedish Customs Service">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Customs_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Customs Administration">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Trade (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Customs_Service_of_Ukraine" title="State Customs Service of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_%26_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Revenue & Customs">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Base_Areas_Customs_and_Immigration" title="Sovereign Base Areas Customs and Immigration">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Customs_(Gibraltar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Customs (Gibraltar)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey_Border_Agency" title="Guernsey Border Agency">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_of_Jersey_Customs_and_Immigration_Service" title="States of Jersey Customs and Immigration Service">Jersey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican City</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Border_Force" title="Australian Border Force">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Tax_Administration_(Micronesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Tax Administration (Micronesia) (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiji_Revenue_and_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiji Revenue and Customs Service (page does not exist)">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiribati_Customs_Administration_and_Enforcement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiribati Customs Administration and Enforcement (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Division_of_Customs,_Treasury,_Revenue,_and_Taxation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Division of Customs, Treasury, Revenue, and Taxation (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauru_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauru Customs Service (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Customs_Service" title="New Zealand Customs Service">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bureau_of_Customs_and_Border_Protection_(Palau)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (Palau) (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Papua_New_Guinea_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papua New Guinea Customs Service (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Customs_and_Revenue_(Samoa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Customs and Revenue (Samoa) (page does not exist)">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_Islands_Customs_and_Excise_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon Islands Customs and Excise Division (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Revenue_and_Customs_(Tonga)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Revenue and Customs (Tonga) (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuvalu_Customs_Revenue_and_Border_Protection_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuvalu Customs Revenue and Border Protection Department (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Customs_and_Inland_Revenue_Department&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Customs and Inland Revenue Department (page does not exist)">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Customs_Organization" title="World Customs Organization">World Customs Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Taxation_and_Customs_Union_(European_Commission)" class="mw-redirect" title="Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs Union (European Commission)">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-recognized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of the Republic of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_Artsakh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of Artsakh (page does not exist)">Artsakh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovo_Customs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovo Customs (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Customs_and_Excise_(Northern_Cyprus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Customs and Excise (Northern Cyprus) (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Somaliland)" title="Ministry of Finance (Somaliland)">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Customs_Committee_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Customs Committee of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Customs_Service" title="Australian Customs Service">Australia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2009)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Customs_Administration_(Czechoslovakia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Customs Administration (Czechoslovakia) (page does not exist)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Maritime_Customs_Service" title="Chinese Maritime Customs Service">Imperial China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferme_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Ferme générale">Imperial France</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet_Customs_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet Customs Service (page does not exist)">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zollgrenzdienst&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zollgrenzdienst (page does not exist)">West Germany</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HM_Customs" title="HM Customs">HM Customs</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 1909)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Customs_and_Excise" title="HM Customs and Excise">HM Customs and Excise</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2005)</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Customs_Service" title="United States Customs Service">United States</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(till 2003)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_Federal_Customs_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugoslav Federal Customs Administration (page does not exist)">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Border_protection_agencies" title="Template:Border protection agencies">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Coast_guards" title="Template:Coast guards">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Customs_services" title="Template:Customs services">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Police" title="Template:Police">Law enforcement agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Template:Types of law enforcement agencies">Types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template:National intelligence agencies">Intelligence agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colombian_conflict_(1964–present)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colombia_conflict" title="Template:Colombia conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colombia_conflict" title="Template talk:Colombia conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colombia_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colombia conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colombian_conflict_(1964–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a> (1964–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6" style="font-size:110%;text-align:center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="font-size:110%; background-color:#b0c4de"> <p>Participants </p> </th> <th colspan="1" style="font-size:110%; background-color:#b0c4de"> <p><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Colombian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Colombian conflict">Timeline</a> </p> </th> <th style="font-size:110%; background-color:#b0c4de"> <p>Key aspects </p> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td colspan="3" style="line-height:10pt; padding:0.25em 0;"> <div style="text-align: center;"> <i> </i></div> </td> <td width="30%" rowspan="3" style="padding-left:0.5em; text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia (1948–1958)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetalia_Republic" title="Marquetalia Republic">Marquetalia Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Colombia)" title="National Front (Colombia)">The National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Dominican_Republic_Embassy_siege_in_Bogot%C3%A1" title="1980 Dominican Republic Embassy siege in Bogotá">Dominican Embassy siege (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice_siege" title="Palace of Justice siege">Palace of Justice siege (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAS_Building_bombing" title="DAS Building bombing">DAS Building bombing (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_(Colombia)#Decline_and_Extermination" title="Patriotic Union (Colombia)">Patriotic Union Party extermination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_exchange" title="Humanitarian exchange">Humanitarian exchange</a> <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapirip%C3%A1n_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapiripán Massacre">Mapiripán Massacre (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Cagu%C3%A1n_DMZ" title="El Caguán DMZ">El Caguán DMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999%E2%80%932002_FARC%E2%80%93Government_peace_process" title="1999–2002 FARC–Government peace process">Failed peace process (1999–2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bojay%C3%A1_massacre" title="Bojayá massacre">Bojayá massacre (2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_del_Cauca_Deputies_hostage_crisis" title="Valle del Cauca Deputies hostage crisis">Valle del Cauca Deputies hostage crisis (2002–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_El_Nogal_Club_bombing" title="2003 El Nogal Club bombing">El Nogal Club bombing (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Neiva_bombing" title="2003 Neiva bombing">Neiva bombing (2003)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_parapolitics_scandal" title="Colombian parapolitics scandal">Parapolitics scandal (2006–2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Emmanuel" title="Operation Emmanuel">Operation Emmanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%22False_positives%22_scandal" title=""False positives" scandal">"False positives" scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Andean_diplomatic_crisis" title="2008 Andean diplomatic crisis">Andean diplomatic crisis (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jaque" title="Operation Jaque">Operation Jaque (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operacion_Fenix" title="Operacion Fenix">Operation Fenix (2008)</a> <br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nari%C3%B1o_massacres" title="Nariño massacres">Nariño massacres (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Colombian_clashes" title="2013 Colombian clashes">2013 Colombian clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peace_process" title="Colombian peace process">Renewed peace process (2012–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Colombian_peace_agreement_referendum" title="2016 Colombian peace agreement referendum">Peace agreement referendum (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Huila_attack" title="2022 Huila attack">2022 Huila attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Peace" title="Total Peace">Total Peace concept</a></li></ul> <div> </div> </td> <td width="20%" rowspan="7" style="padding-left:0.5em; text-align:left;"> <div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: #7BA05B; color: #FFFFFF;"> <b>Government aspects</b> </span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_security" title="Democratic security">Democratic security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Colombia" title="Plan Colombia">Plan Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Patriota" title="Plan Patriota">Plan Patriota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Colombia–United States relations">Colombia–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Colombia" title="Human rights in Colombia">Human rights in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Politics of Colombia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: #7BA05B; color: #FFFFFF;"> <b>Illegal drug trade</b> </span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia" title="Illegal drug trade in Colombia">Illegal drug trade in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">War on drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Snowcap" title="Operation Snowcap">Operation Snowcap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcoterrorism" title="Narcoterrorism">Narcoterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catatumbo_campaign" title="Catatumbo campaign">Catatumbo campaign</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: #7BA05B; color: #FFFFFF;"> <b>Kidnappings</b> </span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kidnappings_in_Colombia" title="Kidnappings in Colombia">Kidnappings in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_hostages_held_by_FARC" title="List of political hostages held by FARC">FARC political hostages</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: #7BA05B; color: #FFFFFF;"> <b>Lawsuits</b> </span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinaltrainal_v._Coca-Cola_Co." title="Sinaltrainal v. Coca-Cola Co.">Sinaltrainal v. Coca-Cola (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estate_of_Rodriquez_v._Drummond_Co." title="Estate of Rodriquez v. Drummond Co.">Rodriquez v. Drummond (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doe_v._Chiquita_Brands_International" title="Doe v. Chiquita Brands International">Doe v. Chiquita (2007)</a></li></ul> <p><br /> <br /> <br /> </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th colspan="1" style="background:LightGoldenrodYellow; line-height:11pt; padding:0.25em 0; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_movements_in_Colombia" title="Guerrilla movements in Colombia">Guerrillas</a><br /> </th> <th style="background:mistyrose; line-height:11pt; padding:0.25em 0; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colombia" title="Government of Colombia">Government of Colombia</a> </th> <th style="background:lavender; line-height:11pt; padding:0.25em 0; text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_paramilitarism_in_Colombia" title="Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia">Paramilitaries</a><br /> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td width="15%" rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;"> <div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_ELN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_ELN.svg/22px-Flag_of_ELN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_ELN.svg/33px-Flag_of_ELN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_ELN.svg/44px-Flag_of_ELN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Army_(Colombia)" title="National Liberation Army (Colombia)">ELN</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_EPL.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_EPL.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_EPL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_EPL.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_EPL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_EPL.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_EPL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="270" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Liberation_Army" title="Popular Liberation Army">EPL</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/FARC_dissidents" title="FARC dissidents">FARC dissidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_the_Pacific" title="Indigenous Revolutionary Armed Forces of the Pacific">FARIP</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i>Former guerrillas</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Armed_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia">FARC-EP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_attributed_to_FARC" title="List of attacks attributed to FARC">List of FARC attacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_M-19.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_M-19.svg/22px-Flag_of_M-19.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_M-19.svg/33px-Flag_of_M-19.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_M-19.svg/44px-Flag_of_M-19.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/19th_of_April_Movement" title="19th of April Movement">M19</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammer_and_sickle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hammer_and_sickle.svg/20px-Hammer_and_sickle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hammer_and_sickle.svg/30px-Hammer_and_sickle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hammer_and_sickle.svg/40px-Hammer_and_sickle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Peasant_Student_Workers_Movement" title="Peasant Student Workers Movement">MOEC</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_CGSB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_the_CGSB.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_CGSB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_the_CGSB.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_CGSB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_the_CGSB.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_CGSB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_Guerrilla_Coordinating_Board" title="Simón Bolívar Guerrilla Coordinating Board">CGSB</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_ERP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_the_ERP.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_ERP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_the_ERP.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_ERP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Flag_of_the_ERP.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_ERP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Revolutionary_Army_(Colombia)" title="People's Revolutionary Army (Colombia)">ERP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Armado_Quintin_Lame" title="Movimiento Armado Quintin Lame">MAQL</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i>Linked to</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clandestine_Colombian_Communist_Party" title="Clandestine Colombian Communist Party">PCCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foro_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Foro de São Paulo">Foro de São Paulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Colombia_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Colombia (Marxist–Leninist)">PC de C (M-L)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional IRA">Provisional IRA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Three" title="Colombia Three">Colombia Three</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETA_(separatist_group)" title="ETA (separatist group)">ETA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANNCOL" title="ANNCOL">ANNCOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighters%2BLovers" title="Fighters+Lovers">Fighters+Lovers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_cartel#Colombia" title="Drug cartel">Colombian drug cartels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Colombia#Farcpolitics_Scandal" title="Corruption in Colombia">Some Colombian politicians</a></li></ul> </div> </td> <td width="15%" style="text-align:left;"> <div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Military Forces of Colombia</a>:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Colombia" title="National Army of Colombia">National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Air_Force" title="Colombian Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Navy" title="Colombian Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Naval_Infantry" title="Colombian Naval Infantry">Colombian Naval Infantry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National Police</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Other:</i><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Migration" title="Colombia Migration">Migración Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Attorney_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Attorney General of Colombia">Attorney General units</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i>Former government program</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CONVIVIR" title="CONVIVIR">CONVIVIR</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i>Linked to</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DynCorp" title="DynCorp">DynCorp International</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Verification_Mission_in_Colombia" title="United Nations Verification Mission in Colombia">Mission in Colombia</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td width="15%" rowspan="5" style="text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Eagles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Black Eagles">Águilas Negras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Rastrojos" title="Los Rastrojos">Los Rastrojos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_del_Golfo" title="Clan del Golfo">Clan Úsuga</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i>Former paramilitaries</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Self-Defense_Forces_of_Colombia" title="United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia">AUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alianza_Americana_Anticomunista" title="Alianza Americana Anticomunista">AAA</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><i>Linked to</i><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yair_Klein" title="Yair Klein">Spearhead Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONVIVIR" title="CONVIVIR">CONVIVIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_cartel#Colombia" title="Drug cartel">Colombian drug cartels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_drug_cartel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican drug cartel"> Mexican drug cartels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Some Colombian<br /> military personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_parapolitics_scandal" title="Colombian parapolitics scandal">Some Colombian politicians</a></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colombia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colombia_topics" title="Template:Colombia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colombia_topics" title="Template talk:Colombia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colombia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colombia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colombia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Colombia-related_articles" title="Index of Colombia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Colombia" title="History of Colombia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Colombian_history" title="Timeline of Colombian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Colombia" title="Indigenous peoples in Colombia">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Spanish conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Kingdom of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">Viceroyalty of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foolish_Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Foolish Fatherland">Foolish Fatherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_New_Granada" title="United Provinces of New Granada">United Provinces of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Military career of Simón Bolívar">Military career of Simón Bolívar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Wars of independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">reunification</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_New_Granada" title="Republic of New Granada">Republic of New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granadine_Confederation" title="Granadine Confederation">Granadine Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Colombia" title="United States of Colombia">United States of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Republic of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Civil_War_of_1895" title="Colombian Civil War of 1895">Colombian Civil War of 1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Days%27_War" title="Thousand Days' War">Thousand Days' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Panama_from_Colombia" title="Separation of Panama from Colombia">Separation of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Peru_War" title="Colombia–Peru War">Colombia–Peru War (Leticia Incident)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_during_World_War_II" title="Colombia during World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(Colombia)" title="National Front (Colombia)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Current internal armed conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peace_process" title="Colombian peace process">Colombian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Colombia" title="Geography of Colombia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Colombia" title="Biodiversity of Colombia">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Colombia" title="Fauna of Colombia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Colombia" title="Flora of Colombia">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Colombia" title="Climate of Colombia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Colombia" title="Geology of Colombia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_Colombia" title="Category:Mountain ranges of Colombia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Colombia" title="Category:Islands of Colombia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Colombia" title="List of rivers of Colombia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valleys_and_Plateaus_of_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valleys and Plateaus of Colombia (page does not exist)">Valleys and Plateaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Colombia" title="List of national parks of Colombia">National parks <span style="font-size:85%;">(Protected Areas)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Colombia" title="List of cities and towns in Colombia">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_hazards_in_Colombia" title="Natural hazards in Colombia">Natural hazards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Colombia" title="Environmental issues in Colombia">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_invasive_species_in_Colombia" title="List of invasive species in Colombia">Invasive species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_regions_of_Colombia" title="Natural regions of Colombia">Natural regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_natural_region" title="Amazon natural region">Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_natural_region" title="Andean natural region">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_natural_region" title="Caribbean natural region">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_region_of_Colombia" title="Insular region of Colombia">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orinoqu%C3%ADa_natural_region" title="Orinoquía natural region">Orinoquía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific/Choc%C3%B3_natural_region" title="Pacific/Chocó natural region">Pacific/Chocó</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Colombia" title="Administrative divisions of Colombia">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Colombia" title="Municipalities of Colombia">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_of_Colombia" title="Metropolitan areas of Colombia">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Capital District</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corregimientos_of_Colombia" title="Corregimientos of Colombia">Corregimientos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_territory_(Colombia)" title="Indigenous territory (Colombia)">Indigenous territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Colombia" title="Politics of Colombia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Colombia" title="List of political parties in Colombia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colombia" title="Elections in Colombia">Elections</a></li> <li>Ideologies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Colombia" title="Liberalism in Colombia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Colombia" title="Conservatism in Colombia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Colombia" title="Communism in Colombia">Communism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Colombia" title="Government of Colombia">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Constitution_of_1991" title="Colombian Constitution of 1991">Constitution</a></li> <li>Control <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Auditor_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Auditor General of Colombia">Auditor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Comptroller_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Comptroller General of Colombia">Comptroller General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Inspector_General_of_Colombia" title="Office of the Inspector General of Colombia">Inspector General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombudsman%27s_Office_of_Colombia" title="Ombudsman's Office of Colombia">Ombudsman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Branch_of_Colombia" title="Executive Branch of Colombia">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Colombia" title="Council of Ministers of Colombia">Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_entities_of_Colombia" title="Government entities of Colombia">Government agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Colombia" title="Vice President of Colombia">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Colombia" title="Foreign relations of Colombia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Colombia" title="Judiciary of Colombia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Colombia" title="Congress of Colombia">Congress</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Forces_of_Colombia" title="Military Forces of Colombia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Aerospace_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Aerospace Force">Aerospace Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Army_of_Colombia" title="National Army of Colombia">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Navy" title="Colombian Navy">Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Colombia" title="Economy of Colombia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking in Colombia">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_Republic_(Colombia)" title="Bank of the Republic (Colombia)">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Colombia" title="List of companies of Colombia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Colombia" title="Economic history of Colombia">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Colombia" title="Agriculture in Colombia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Colombia" title="Industry of Colombia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Colombia" title="Mineral industry of Colombia">Mineral industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_peso" title="Colombian peso">Peso <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_Stock_Exchange" title="Colombia Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Colombia" title="Science and technology in Colombia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Colombia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Colombia" title="Taxation in Colombia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Colombia" title="Trade unions in Colombia">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Colombia" title="Tourism in Colombia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Colombia" title="Transport in Colombia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Colombia" title="Category:Society of Colombia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Colombia" title="Abortion in Colombia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombians" title="Colombians">Colombians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colombians" title="List of Colombians">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Colombia" title="Demographics of Colombia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Colombia" title="Education in Colombia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Colombia" title="Languages of Colombia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Colombia" title="Religion in Colombia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_Colombia" title="Race and ethnicity in Colombia">Race and ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Colombia" title="Health care in Colombia">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Colombia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Colombia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Colombia" title="Women in Colombia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Colombia" title="Culture of Colombia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_Colombia" title="List of archaeological sites in Colombia">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Colombia" title="Architecture of Colombia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_art" title="Colombian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_gaming_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Video gaming in Colombia">Video gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Colombia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Colombia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_in_Colombia" title="Carnival in Colombia">Carnivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Colombia" title="List of festivals in Colombia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_folklore" title="Colombian folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_handicrafts" title="Colombian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_literature" title="Colombian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Colombia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_religion" title="Muisca religion">Muisca religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Colombia" title="Music of Colombia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_of_Colombia" title="Theater of Colombia">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Colombia" title="National symbols of Colombia">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Colombia" title="Coat of arms of Colombia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Colombia" title="Flag of Colombia">Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Colombia" title="Public holidays in Colombia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Colombia" title="Freedom of religion in Colombia">Freedom of religion in Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miss_Colombia" title="Miss Colombia">Miss Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Colombia" title="Sport in Colombia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Colombia" title="Human rights in Colombia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Colombia" title="Intersex rights in Colombia">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Colombia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Colombia" title="Immigration to Colombia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Colombia" title="Emigration from Colombia">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Colombia" title="Poverty in Colombia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Colombia" title="Smoking in Colombia">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Colombia" title="Crime in Colombia">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade_in_Colombia" title="Illegal drug trade in Colombia">Drug trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Colombia" title="Corruption in Colombia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Colombia" title="Terrorism in Colombia">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_movements_in_Colombia" title="Guerrilla movements in Colombia">Guerrilla movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_paramilitarism_in_Colombia" title="Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia">Right-wing paramilitarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia_in_popular_culture" title="Colombia in popular culture">Colombia in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Colombia" title="Outline of Colombia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Colombia-related_articles" title="Index of Colombia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Colombia" title="Category:Colombia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Colombia" title="Portal:Colombia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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