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jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiebrie" title="Kiebrie – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiebrie" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebri%C3%A9" title="Ebrié – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ebrié" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Ebri%C3%A9" title="Lenga Ebrié – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Ebrié" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Ebrié</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Cama</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʃamã]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Abidjan_Department" title="Abidjan Department">Abidjan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">150,000 (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-e25_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a>? <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Atlantic%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Atlantic–Congo languages">Atlantic–Congo</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Potou%E2%80%93Tano_languages" title="Potou–Tano languages">Potou–Tano</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Potou_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Potou languages">Potou</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Ebrié</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #ffddaa;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/ebr" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:ebr">ebr</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ebri1238">ebri1238</a></code></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Ebrié</b>, or <b>Cama</b> (Caman, Kyama, Tchaman, Tsama, Tyama), is spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Tchaman" title="Tchaman">Tchaman</a> people in <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Potou_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Potou language">Potou language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger–Congo">Niger–Congo</a> family of languages. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebri%C3%A9_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonemic_Inventory">Phonemic Inventory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebri%C3%A9_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Phonemic Inventory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Consonants<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">Labio</a>-velar </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis" title="Fortis and lenis">Fortis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a> </td> <td>pʰ [pʰ] </td> <td>tʰ [tʰ] </td> <td>cʰ [cʰ, tʃ] </td> <td>kʰ [kʰ] </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fortis, <a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a> </td> <td>b </td> <td>d </td> <td>ɟ [ɟ, dʒ] </td> <td>g </td> <td>gb [g͡b] </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fortis_and_lenis" title="Fortis and lenis">Lenis</a>, voiceless </td> <td>p </td> <td>t </td> <td>c </td> <td>k </td> <td>kp [k͡p] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lenis, voiced </td> <td>ɓ [ɓ, m] </td> <td>ɗ [ɗ, l, r, n] </td> <td>j [j, ɲ] </td> <td> </td> <td>w [w, ŋʷ] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fricatives </td> <td>f/ (v) </td> <td>s/(z) </td> <td> </td> <td>h [x, h] </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The sounds [v] and [z] are marginal and occur only in <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Vowels<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th colspan="3">Oral </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_vowel" title="Nasal vowel">Nasal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Close </td> <td>i </td> <td> </td> <td>u </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mid </td> <td>e </td> <td> </td> <td>o </td> <td>ɛ̃ </td> <td> </td> <td>ɔ̃ </td></tr> <tr> <td>Open </td> <td>ɛ </td> <td>a </td> <td>ɔ </td> <td> </td> <td>ã </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are no nasal consonant <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemes</a> in Ebrié. Instead, the nasal vowels cause the voiced lenis consonant series [ɓ, ɗ, j, w] to <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(phonology)" title="Assimilation (phonology)">assimilate</a> into [m, n, ɲ, ŋʷ].<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tones">Tones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebri%C3%A9_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ebrié has two level tones (H and L) and a falling tone (HL).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also has floating tones, and the voiced fortis consonants have a tendency to lower the pitch of the low tone.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebri%C3%A9_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nominal_Prefixes">Nominal Prefixes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebri%C3%A9_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nominal Prefixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Noun_class" title="Noun class">noun class</a> <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefixes</a> in Ebrié distinguish between certain <a href="/wiki/Homophone" title="Homophone">homophones</a> and between singular and <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a> forms. Originally, this system would have been more robust, as seen in other <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger-Congo</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The four nominal prefixes are <i>á-, à-, ɛ̃́-</i>, and <i>ɛ̃̀</i>-. The latter two, which are nasal vowels, can also be realized as <a href="/wiki/Syllabic_consonant" title="Syllabic consonant">syllabic nasals</a>, transcribed as <i>ɴ́</i>- and <i>ɴ̀</i>- but written orthographically as <n>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Nouns with Prefixes<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Prefix </th> <th>Noun </th> <th>Gloss </th></tr> <tr> <td>á- </td> <td>áɓókʰà̃ </td> <td>fog </td></tr> <tr> <td>à- </td> <td>àlɔ̀kpɔ̀ </td> <td>water turtle </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɛ̃́-, ɴ́- </td> <td>ɴ́cʰwè </td> <td>bone </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɛ̃̀-, ɴ̀- </td> <td>ɴ̀tʰè </td> <td>father </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The second noun in a compound retains its prefix, as shown below. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">cámã́</p><p style="margin: 0px;">the Ebriés</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">+</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ńcã̀</p><p style="margin: 0px;">language</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">→</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">cámã́ǹcã̀</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Ebrié language</p></div><p style="display: none;">cámã́ + ńcã̀ → cámã́ǹcã̀</p><p style="display: none;">{the Ebriés} {} language {} {Ebrié language}</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">átɛ̃̀</p><p style="margin: 0px;">fire</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">+</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ńtʰù</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sand</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">→</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ńtɛ̃̀ǹtʰù</p><p style="margin: 0px;">ash</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;">átɛ̃̀ + ńtʰù → ńtɛ̃̀ǹtʰù</p><p style="display: none;">fire {} sand {} ash</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plural_Nouns">Plural Nouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebri%C3%A9_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Plural Nouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nouns can be made plural through the use of nominal prefixes or plural suffixes. Certain nouns are irregular or invariable.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a singular noun begins with the prefix á- or à-, its plural form will have the prefix ń- or ǹ- respectively. If a singular noun lacks a prefix, it will often have the prefix ń- in the plural. Other nouns take one of the plural suffixes -mã́, -hɔ̃̀, or -mã́hɔ̃̀.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>áyá /ájá/ 'tree' → ńyá /ńjá/ 'trees'</li> <li>agban /àg͡bã́/ 'plate' → ngbán /ǹg͡bã́/ 'plates</li> <li>lalabhô [làlàɓô] 'duck' → ńlalabho [ńlàlàɓô] 'ducks'</li> <li>mmanhɔn [m̀mã̀hɔ̀̃] 'mothers'</li> <li>nmyahɔn [ǹmjã̂hɔ̃̀] 'spouses'<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subject_Pronouns">Subject Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebri%C3%A9_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subject Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Ebrié, <a href="/wiki/Tense%E2%80%93aspect%E2%80%93mood" title="Tense–aspect–mood">tense/aspect/mood</a> markers are found on the <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> or as separate <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morphemes</a> if the <a href="/wiki/Subject_(grammar)" title="Subject (grammar)">subject</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a> or a plural <a href="/wiki/Subject_pronoun" title="Subject pronoun">subject pronoun</a>. The singular subject pronouns merge with the <a href="/wiki/Tense%E2%80%93aspect%E2%80%93mood" title="Tense–aspect–mood">TAM</a> markers, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Morphophonology" title="Morphophonology">morphophonemic</a> changes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For exampleː </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mɛ̃̀</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">+</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ɓâ</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="future tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">FUT</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">→</p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">mã̀ã́</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="future tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">FUT</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;"><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p style="margin: 0px;"> </p></div><p style="display: none;">mɛ̃̀ + ɓâ → mã̀ã́</p><p style="display: none;">1SG {} FUT {} 1SG.FUT</p><p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Subject Pronouns<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Singular </th> <th>Plural </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>mɛ̃̀ </td> <td>lò </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>ɛ̀ </td> <td>ɔ̃́ </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>ã̀ </td> <td>wò </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebri%C3%A9_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ebrié is a SVO language, as seen in the following example. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:2em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">jàjó</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Yayo</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"><b>étʰà</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b>chew.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="progressive aspect" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PROG</abbr></b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kpã́hɔ̃̀</p><p style="margin: 0px;">bread</p></div><p style="display: none;">jàjó <b>étʰà</b> kpã́hɔ̃̀</p><p style="display: none;">Yayo <b>chew.PROG</b> bread</p><p style="clear: left;">'Yayo <b>eats</b> bread.'<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebri%C3%A9_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Alphabet<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <th>IPA </th> <th>Example </th> <th>Transcription </th> <th>Gloss </th></tr> <tr> <td>a </td> <td>/a/ </td> <td>áyá </td> <td>/ájá/ </td> <td>tree </td></tr> <tr> <td>an </td> <td>/ã/ </td> <td>áphán </td> <td>/ápʰã́/ </td> <td>smell </td></tr> <tr> <td>b </td> <td>/b/ </td> <td>bɔ </td> <td>/bɔ̀/ </td> <td>toad </td></tr> <tr> <td>bh </td> <td>/ɓ/ </td> <td>ábhwe </td> <td>/áɓwè/ </td> <td>canari </td></tr> <tr> <td>c </td> <td>/c/ </td> <td>kɔcɛn </td> <td>/kɔ̀cɛ̃̀/ </td> <td>bird </td></tr> <tr> <td>ch </td> <td>/cʰ/ </td> <td>chralá </td> <td>[cʰràlá] </td> <td>pangolin </td></tr> <tr> <td>d </td> <td>/d/ </td> <td>du </td> <td>/dù/ </td> <td>snake </td></tr> <tr> <td>e </td> <td>/e/ </td> <td>ńné </td> <td>[ńné] </td> <td>yam </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɛ </td> <td>/ɛ/ </td> <td>ádɛ́ </td> <td>/ádɛ́/ </td> <td>palm tree </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɛn </td> <td>/ɛ̃/ </td> <td>átɛn </td> <td>/átɛ̃̀/ </td> <td>fire </td></tr> <tr> <td>f </td> <td>/f/ </td> <td>áfɔn </td> <td>[áfɔ̃̀] </td> <td>branch </td></tr> <tr> <td>g </td> <td>/g/ </td> <td>gwe </td> <td>/gwè/ </td> <td>sea </td></tr> <tr> <td>gb </td> <td>/g͡b/ </td> <td>agbu </td> <td>/àg͡bù/ </td> <td>rifle </td></tr> <tr> <td>h </td> <td>/h/ </td> <td>áhɔn </td> <td>/áhɔ̃̀/ </td> <td>axe </td></tr> <tr> <td>i </td> <td>/i/ </td> <td>ḿbi </td> <td>[ḿbì] </td> <td>leaf </td></tr> <tr> <td>j </td> <td>/ɟ/ </td> <td>njɔn </td> <td>[ǹɟɔ̃̀] </td> <td>friends </td></tr> <tr> <td>k </td> <td>/k/ </td> <td>akran </td> <td>[àkrã̀] </td> <td>bottle </td></tr> <tr> <td>kh </td> <td>/kʰ/ </td> <td>ákhɔn </td> <td>/ákʰɔ̃̀/ </td> <td>spear </td></tr> <tr> <td>kp </td> <td>/k͡p/ </td> <td>ákpró </td> <td>[ák͡pró] </td> <td>hat </td></tr> <tr> <td>l </td> <td>[l, ɗ] </td> <td>álɛ </td> <td>[álɛ̀] </td> <td>tongue </td></tr> <tr> <td>m </td> <td>[m] </td> <td>mɛn </td> <td>[mɛ̃̀] </td> <td>I </td></tr> <tr> <td>n </td> <td>[n] </td> <td>nnwɛ </td> <td>[nnwɛ̀] </td> <td>snail </td></tr> <tr> <td>o </td> <td>/o/ </td> <td>ákhokho </td> <td>/ákʰòkʰò/ </td> <td>back </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɔ </td> <td>/ɔ/ </td> <td>awɔ́ </td> <td>/àwɔ́/ </td> <td>cat </td></tr> <tr> <td>ɔn </td> <td>/ɔ̃/ </td> <td>ácɔn </td> <td>/ácɔ̃̀/ </td> <td>fish </td></tr> <tr> <td>p </td> <td>/p/ </td> <td>ápɔ́ </td> <td>[ápɔ́] </td> <td>love </td></tr> <tr> <td>ph </td> <td>/pʰ/ </td> <td>lephan </td> <td>[lèpʰã̀] </td> <td>someone </td></tr> <tr> <td>r </td> <td>[r] </td> <td>ahran </td> <td>[àhrã̀] </td> <td>canoe </td></tr> <tr> <td>s </td> <td>/s/ </td> <td>sɛ </td> <td>/sɛ̀/ </td> <td>man </td></tr> <tr> <td>t </td> <td>/t/ </td> <td>áta </td> <td>/átà/ </td> <td>insult </td></tr> <tr> <td>th </td> <td>/tʰ/ </td> <td>átha </td> <td>[átʰà] </td> <td>war </td></tr> <tr> <td>u </td> <td>/u/ </td> <td>ńdu </td> <td>[ńdù] </td> <td>water </td></tr> <tr> <td>v </td> <td>(v) </td> <td>nvra </td> <td>[ǹvrà] </td> <td>appatam </td></tr> <tr> <td>w </td> <td>/w/ </td> <td>áwɔ́ </td> <td>/áwɔ́/ </td> <td>ten </td></tr> <tr> <td>y </td> <td>/j/ </td> <td>yɔ </td> <td>/jɔ̃̀/ </td> <td>good </td></tr> <tr> <td>z </td> <td>/z/ </td> <td>nzrɔ </td> <td>[ǹzrɔ̀] </td> <td>bag </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The high tone is marked with the acute accent (<i>ájí</i> 'respect'), and the low tone is left unmarked (<i>aji</i> 'clay'). The falling tone is marked with a circumflex (â).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The apostrophe (') is used to mark the habitual form of the verb.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebri%C3%A9_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-e25-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e25_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/ebr">Ebrié</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (25th ed., 2022) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBolê-Richard2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bolê-Richard, Rémy (2018). "Contribution à la phonologie historique du Niger-Congo: vers la reconstruction du Proto-Potou". <i>Linguistique africaine: perspectives croisées</i> (in French). Institut de Phonétique. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-29-570-8944-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-29-570-8944-4"><bdi>978-29-570-8944-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Contribution+%C3%A0+la+phonologie+historique+du+Niger-Congo%3A+vers+la+reconstruction+du+Proto-Potou&rft.btitle=Linguistique+africaine%3A+perspectives+crois%C3%A9es&rft.pub=Institut+de+Phon%C3%A9tique&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-29-570-8944-4&rft.aulast=Bol%C3%AA-Richard&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9my&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEbri%C3%A9+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDido2018" class="citation journal cs1">Dido, Yao Maxime (2018). "Les pronoms mɛn, ɛ, an et nkɛ de l'ébrié ː morphophonologie et fonctions syntaxiques". <i>Cahiers Ivoiriens de Recherche Linguistique</i>. <b>43</b>: 37–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+Ivoiriens+de+Recherche+Linguistique&rft.atitle=Les+pronoms+m%C9%9Bn%2C+%C9%9B%2C+an+et+nk%C9%9B+de+l%27%C3%A9bri%C3%A9+%CB%90+morphophonologie+et+fonctions+syntaxiques&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=37-48&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Dido&rft.aufirst=Yao+Maxime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEbri%C3%A9+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolê-Richard1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bolê-Richard, Rémy (1986). <i>Guide de lecture de l'ébrié</i> (in French). Institut de Linguistique Appliquée. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782809101270" title="Special:BookSources/9782809101270"><bdi>9782809101270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+de+lecture+de+l%27%C3%A9bri%C3%A9&rft.pub=Institut+de+Linguistique+Appliqu%C3%A9e&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9782809101270&rft.aulast=Bol%C3%AA-Richard&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9my&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEbri%C3%A9+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyan2020" class="citation cs2">Meyan, Meyan Djeya Ange Océane (2020), <i>Planning an onomasiological dictionary for Atchan: an endangered language of the Ivory Coast</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planning+an+onomasiological+dictionary+for+Atchan%3A+an+endangered+language+of+the+Ivory+Coast&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Meyan&rft.aufirst=Meyan+Djeya+Ange+Oc%C3%A9ane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEbri%C3%A9+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kru_languages" title="Kru languages">Kru</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aizi_languages" title="Aizi languages">Aizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakw%C3%A9_language" title="Bakwé language">Bakwé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9t%C3%A9_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bété language">Bété</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dida_language" title="Dida language">Dida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glio-Ubi_language" title="Glio-Ubi language">Glio-Ubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godi%C3%A9_language" title="Godié language">Godié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guere_language" title="Guere language">Guéré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konobo_language" title="Konobo language">Konobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuya_language" title="Kuya language">Kuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwadia_language" title="Kwadia language">Kwadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobu_language" title="Mobu language">Mobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyabwa_language" title="Nyabwa language">Nyabwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyo_language" title="Neyo language">Neyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamou_language" title="Siamou language">Siamou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiagba_language" title="Tiagba language">Tiagba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wan%C3%A9_language" title="Wané language">Wané</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wob%C3%A9_language" title="Wobé language">Wobé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C3%A9_language" title="Abé language">Abé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abidji_language" title="Abidji language">Abidji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abure_language" title="Abure language">Abure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjukru_language" title="Adjukru language">Adjukru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alladian_language" title="Alladian language">Alladian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyin_language" title="Anyin language">Anyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apro_language" title="Apro language">Apro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atti%C3%A9_language" title="Attié language">Attié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avikam_language" title="Avikam language">Avikam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoul%C3%A9_language" title="Baoulé language">Baoulé</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ebrié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eotile_language" title="Eotile language">Eotile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esuma_language" title="Esuma language">Esuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krobu_language" title="Krobu language">Krobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbato_language" title="Mbato language">Mbato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morofo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Morofo language">Morofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzema_language" title="Nzema language">Nzema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_language" title="Dan language">Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyula_language" title="Dyula language">Dyula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guro_language" title="Guro language">Guro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maninka_language" title="Maninka language">Maninka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soninke_language" title="Soninke language">Soninke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senufo_languages" title="Senufo languages">Senufo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cebaara_language" title="Cebaara language">Cebaara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djimini_language" title="Djimini language">Djimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kar_language" title="Kar language">Kar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaka_language" title="Palaka language">Palaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senufo_languages" title="Senufo languages">Sénoufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagwana_language" title="Tagwana language">Tagwana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerma_language" title="Cerma language">Cerma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobi_language" title="Lobi language">Lobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor%C3%A9" title="Mooré">Mooré</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomakka_language" title="Lomakka language">Lomakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouakako_Sign_Language" title="Bouakako Sign Language">Bouakako Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kwa_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kwa_languages" title="Template:Kwa languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kwa_languages" title="Template talk:Kwa languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kwa_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kwa languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kwa_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kwa_languages" title="Kwa languages">Kwa languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Potou%E2%80%93Tano_languages" title="Potou–Tano languages">Potou–Tano</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Tano_languages" title="Central Tano languages">Central Tano</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahanta_language" title="Ahanta language">Ahanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_language" title="Akan language">Akan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asante_dialect" title="Asante dialect">Asante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akuapem_dialect" title="Akuapem dialect">Akuapem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fante_dialect" title="Fante dialect">Fante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bono_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bono language">Bono</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyin_language" title="Anyin language">Anyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoul%C3%A9_language" title="Baoulé language">Baoulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakosi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakosi language">Chakosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jwira%E2%80%93Pepesa_language" title="Jwira–Pepesa language">Jwira–Pepesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morofo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Morofo language">Morofo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzema_language" title="Nzema language">Nzema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehwi_language" title="Sehwi language">Sefwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasa_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Wasa dialect">Wasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guang_languages" title="Guang languages">Guang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherepon_language" title="Cherepon language">Cherepon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumburung_language" title="Chumburung language">Chumburung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwang_language" title="Dwang language">Dwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efutu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Efutu language">Efutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foodo_language" title="Foodo language">Foodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua_language" title="Gua language">Gua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyode_language" title="Kyode language">Kyode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larteh_language" title="Larteh language">Larteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginyanga_language" title="Ginyanga language">Ginyanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonja_language" title="Gonja language">Gonja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kplang_language" title="Kplang language">Kplang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krache_language" title="Krache language">Krache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawuri_language" title="Nawuri language">Nawuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nchumbulu_language" title="Nchumbulu language">Nchumbulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkami_language" title="Nkami language">Nkami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkonya_language" title="Nkonya language">Nkonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntrapo_language" title="Ntrapo language">Ntrapo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abure_language" title="Abure language">Abure</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ebrié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eotile_language" title="Eotile language">Eotile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krobu_language" title="Krobu language">Krobu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbato_language" title="Mbato language">Mbato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93Togo_Mountain_languages" title="Ghana–Togo Mountain languages">Ghana–Togo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Na-Togo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adele_language" title="Adele language">Adele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anii_language" title="Anii language">Basila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelemi_language" title="Lelemi language">Lelemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likpe_language" title="Likpe language">Likpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logba_language" title="Logba language">Logba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santrokofi_language" title="Santrokofi language">Santrokofi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwu_language" title="Siwu language">Siwu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ka-Togo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahlon_language" title="Ahlon language">Ahlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebu_language" title="Kebu language">Akebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animere_language" title="Animere language">Animere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatime_language" title="Avatime language">Avatime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowili_language" title="Bowili language">Bowili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kposo_language" title="Kposo language">Kposo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyangbo-Tafi_language" title="Nyangbo-Tafi language">Nyangbo-Tafi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ga%E2%80%93Dangme_languages" title="Ga–Dangme languages">Ga–Dangme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ga_language" title="Ga language">Ga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangme_language" title="Dangme language">Dangme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lagoon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" 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