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href="#Battle_of_Stalingrad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Battle of Stalingrad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Stalingrad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volgograd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volgograd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Volgograd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volgograd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_municipal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Administrative and municipal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ethnic composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mamayev_Kurgan_Memorial_Complex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mamayev_Kurgan_Memorial_Complex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Mamayev Kurgan Memorial Complex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mamayev_Kurgan_Memorial_Complex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panorama_Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panorama_Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Panorama Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panorama_Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planetarium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planetarium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Planetarium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planetarium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Holy_Spirit_Monastery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Spirit_Monastery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Holy Spirit Monastery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Spirit_Monastery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Alexander Nevsky Cathedral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Floating_Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floating_Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Floating Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floating_Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volgograd_Synagogue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volgograd_Synagogue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Volgograd Synagogue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volgograd_Synagogue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Volgograd</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 136 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-136" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">136 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolgograd" title="Wolgograd – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wolgograd" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AE%E1%88%8D%E1%8C%8E%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%AB%E1%8B%B5" title="ቮልጎግራድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቮልጎግራድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فولغوغراد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فولغوغراد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogr%C3%A1u" title="Volgográu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Volgográu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogrado" title="Volgogrado – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Volgogrado" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volqoqrad" title="Volqoqrad – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Volqoqrad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ولقوقراد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ولقوقراد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ভলগোগ্রাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভলগোগ্রাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Валгаград – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Валгаград" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Валгаград – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Валгаград" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Rusya)" title="Volgograd (kapital sa lalawigan sa Rusya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Volgograd (kapital sa lalawigan sa Rusya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolgograd" title="Wolgograd – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolgograd" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Βόλγκογκραντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόλγκογκραντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%88_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Равош ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Равош ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogrado" title="Volgogrado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Volgogrado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogrado" title="Volgogrado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Volgogrado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ولگوگراد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولگوگراد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolgograd" title="Wolgograd – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wolgograd" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogrado" title="Volgogrado – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Volgogrado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%9F%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Идал-Пхье – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Идал-Пхье" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%BB%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Волгоград балһсн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Волгоград балһсн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EA%B3%A0%EA%B7%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%93%9C" title="볼고그라드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼고그라드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Վոլգոգրադ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վոլգոգրադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="वोल्गोग्राद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वोल्गोग्राद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolgograd" title="Wolgograd – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wolgograd" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogrado" title="Volgogrado – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Volgogrado" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%93" title="וולגוגרד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וולגוגרד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ვოლგოგრადი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვოლგოგრადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B2lgograd" title="Vòlgograd – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vòlgograd" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogradum" title="Volgogradum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Volgogradum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograda" title="Volgograda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Volgograda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolgograd" title="Wolgograd – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wolgograd" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogradas" title="Volgogradas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Volgogradas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolgograd" title="Wolgograd – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wolgograd" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogr%C3%A1d" title="Volgográd – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Volgográd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="വോൾഗോഗ്രാഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വോൾഗോഗ്രാഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="वोल्गोग्राद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वोल्गोग्राद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ვოლგოგრადი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვოლგოგრადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ڤولجوجراد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤولجوجراد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဗော်ဂါဂရတ်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗော်ဂါဂရတ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolgograd" title="Wolgograd – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wolgograd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="ヴォルゴグラード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォルゴグラード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolgograd" title="Wolgograd – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wolgograd" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਵੋਲਗਾਗਰਾਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੋਲਗਾਗਰਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="وولگوگراد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وولگوگراد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AB%D9%88%DA%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="وولګوګراد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وولګوګراد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wo%C5%82gograd" title="Wołgograd – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wołgograd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogrado" title="Volgogrado – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Volgogrado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A" title="වොල්ගාග්‍රාද් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වොල්ගාග්‍රාද්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8A" title="Вльгоградъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Вльгоградъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wo%C5%82gograd" title="Wołgograd – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wołgograd" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%86%DA%B5%DA%AF%DB%86%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ڤۆڵگۆگراد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤۆڵگۆگراد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgogrado" title="Volgogrado – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Volgogrado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="வோல்கோகிராட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வோல்கோகிராட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="วอลโกกราด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วอลโกกราด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Волгоград – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волгоград" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="وولگو گراد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وولگو گراد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="斯大林格勒 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="斯大林格勒" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="伏尔加格勒 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伏尔加格勒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="伏爾加格勒 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伏爾加格勒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="伏尔加格勒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伏尔加格勒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Volgograd" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q914#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Volgograd&params=48_42_31_N_44_30_53_E_type:city(1021215)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°42′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°30′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.70861°N 44.51472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.70861; 44.51472</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Volgograd Oblast, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tsaritsyn" redirects here. For similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Tsaritsyno_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tsaritsyno (disambiguation)">Tsaritsyno (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Stalingrad" redirects here. For the World War II battle, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Stalingrad (disambiguation)">Stalingrad (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Volgograd Oblast, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Volgograd</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ru">Волгоград</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">City</a><sup id="cite_ref-Charter0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charter0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:267px;max-width:267px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:265px;max-width:265px"><div style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volgograd_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Volgograd_Russia.jpg/263px-Volgograd_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Volgograd_Russia.jpg/395px-Volgograd_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Volgograd_Russia.jpg/526px-Volgograd_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3070" /></a></span></div><div><i><a href="/wiki/The_Motherland_Calls" title="The Motherland Calls">The Motherland Calls</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/Mamayev_Kurgan" title="Mamayev Kurgan">Mamayev Kurgan</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:May2015_Volgograd_img18_Central_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/May2015_Volgograd_img18_Central_station.jpg/129px-May2015_Volgograd_img18_Central_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/May2015_Volgograd_img18_Central_station.jpg/194px-May2015_Volgograd_img18_Central_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/May2015_Volgograd_img18_Central_station.jpg/258px-May2015_Volgograd_img18_Central_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4543" data-file-height="3029" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_railway_station" title="Volgograd railway station">Volgograd Railway Station</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Volgograd_Oblast,_March_2010-3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Volgograd_Oblast%2C_March_2010-3.JPG/130px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Volgograd_Oblast%2C_March_2010-3.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Volgograd_Oblast%2C_March_2010-3.JPG/195px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Volgograd_Oblast%2C_March_2010-3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Volgograd_Oblast%2C_March_2010-3.JPG/260px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Volgograd_Oblast%2C_March_2010-3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div><div>Eternal Flame</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:May2015_Volgograd_img13_PLenina_metrotram_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/May2015_Volgograd_img13_PLenina_metrotram_station.jpg/250px-May2015_Volgograd_img13_PLenina_metrotram_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/May2015_Volgograd_img13_PLenina_metrotram_station.jpg/330px-May2015_Volgograd_img13_PLenina_metrotram_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4213" data-file-height="2809" /></a></span></div><div>The <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Metrotram" title="Volgograd Metrotram">Metrotram</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:86px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volgograd._Memorial_museum-panorama_%22The_Battle_of_Stalingrad%22_P8050091_2200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Volgograd._Memorial_museum-panorama_%22The_Battle_of_Stalingrad%22_P8050091_2200.jpg/250px-Volgograd._Memorial_museum-panorama_%22The_Battle_of_Stalingrad%22_P8050091_2200.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Volgograd._Memorial_museum-panorama_%22The_Battle_of_Stalingrad%22_P8050091_2200.jpg/330px-Volgograd._Memorial_museum-panorama_%22The_Battle_of_Stalingrad%22_P8050091_2200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Gerhardt%27s_Mill" title="Gerhardt's Mill">Gerhardt's Mill</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:265px;max-width:265px"><div style="height:149px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_central_embankment_of_Volgograd_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/The_central_embankment_of_Volgograd_006.jpg/263px-The_central_embankment_of_Volgograd_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/The_central_embankment_of_Volgograd_006.jpg/395px-The_central_embankment_of_Volgograd_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/The_central_embankment_of_Volgograd_006.jpg/526px-The_central_embankment_of_Volgograd_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3518" data-file-height="2004" /></a></span></div><div>Volgograd Central Embankment</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Volgograd.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Volgograd"><img alt="Flag of Volgograd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Volgograd.svg/125px-Flag_of_Volgograd.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Volgograd.svg/188px-Flag_of_Volgograd.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Volgograd.svg/250px-Flag_of_Volgograd.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Volgograd_city.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Volgograd"><img alt="Coat of arms of Volgograd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_arms_of_Volgograd_city.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Volgograd_city.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_arms_of_Volgograd_city.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Volgograd_city.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Coat_of_arms_of_Volgograd_city.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Volgograd_city.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="598" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Volgograd</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="8" data-overlays="["_5a59d8f7bdf92ce1b6841e7dfabaf8688827c905"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Volgograd&revid=1280923370&groups=_5a59d8f7bdf92ce1b6841e7dfabaf8688827c905" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,8,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Volgograd&revid=1280923370&groups=_5a59d8f7bdf92ce1b6841e7dfabaf8688827c905 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volgograd is located in Volgograd Oblast"><img alt="Volgograd is located in Volgograd Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Outline_Map_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg/250px-Outline_Map_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Outline_Map_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg/375px-Outline_Map_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Outline_Map_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg/500px-Outline_Map_of_Volgograd_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="810" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.115%;left:53.212%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Volgograd"><img alt="Volgograd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Volgograd</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Volgograd</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Volgograd Oblast</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Russia_location_map_(2014%E2%80%932022,_Crimea_disputed).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volgograd is located in European Russia"><img alt="Volgograd is located in European Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/250px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/375px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/500px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.567%;left:54.968%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Volgograd"><img alt="Volgograd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Volgograd</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Volgograd (European Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of European Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_administrative_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volgograd is located in Russia"><img alt="Volgograd is located in Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/250px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/375px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/500px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.912%;left:11%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Volgograd"><img alt="Volgograd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Volgograd</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Volgograd (Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volgograd is located in Europe"><img alt="Volgograd is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.771%;left:86.511%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Volgograd"><img alt="Volgograd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Volgograd</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Volgograd (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Volgograd&params=48_42_31_N_44_30_53_E_type:city(1021215)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°42′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°30′53″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.70861°N 44.51472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.70861; 44.51472</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd Oblast</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref151_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref151-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1589<sup id="cite_ref-gr_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status since</th><td class="infobox-data">1780<sup id="cite_ref-Charter0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charter0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd_City_Duma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volgograd City Duma (page does not exist)">City Duma</a><sup id="cite_ref-HeadLegis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeadLegis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Head<sup id="cite_ref-HeadLegis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeadLegis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">Vladimir Marchenko<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">859.35 km<sup>2</sup> (331.80 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">80 m (260 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,021,215</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,013,533 (<span style="color:red;">−0.8%</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">12th</a> in 2010</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200/km<sup>2</sup> (3,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administrative status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Subordinated to</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">city of oblast significance</a> of Volgograd<sup id="cite_ref-Ref151_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref151-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd Oblast</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref151_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref151-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> city of oblast significance of Volgograd<sup id="cite_ref-Ref151_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref151-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Municipal status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Urban okrug</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Volgograd Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref921_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref921-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Volgograd Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref921_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref921-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moscow_Time" title="Moscow Time">MSK</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3819?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal code(s)</a><sup id="cite_ref-PostalCode_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostalCode-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">400000–400002, 400005–400012, 400015–400017, 400019–400023, 400026, 400029, 400031–400034, 400036, 400038–400040, 400042, 400046, 400048–400055, 400057–400059, 400062–400067, 400069, 400071–400076, 400078–400082, 400084, 400086–400089, 400093, 400094, 400096–400098, 400105, 400107, 400108, 400110–400112, 400117, 400119–400125, 400127, 400131, 400136–400138, 400700, 400880, 400890, 400899, 400921–400942, 400960–400965, 400967, 400970–400979, 400990–400993</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Dialing code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 8442</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">18701000001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City Day</th><td class="infobox-data">Second Sunday of September<sup id="cite_ref-Charter0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charter0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volgadmin.ru">www<wbr />.volgadmin<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Volgograd</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Geographical_renaming" title="Geographical renaming">formerly</a> <b>Tsaritsyn</b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1589–1925) and <b>Stalingrad</b><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1925–1961), is the largest city and the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">administrative centre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd Oblast</a>, Russia. The city lies on the western bank of the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a>, covering an area of 859.4 square kilometres (331.8 square miles), with a population of slightly over one million residents.<sup id="cite_ref-est.2020_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-est.2020-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volgograd is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">16th-largest city</a> by population size in Russia,<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the third-largest city of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Federal_District" title="Southern Federal District">Southern Federal District</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Volga#Biggest_cities_on_the_shores_of_the_Volga" title="Volga">fourth-largest city</a> on the Volga. </p><p>The city was founded as the fortress of <i>Tsaritsyn</i> in 1589. By the 19th century, Tsaritsyn had become an important river-port and commercial centre, leading to its rapid population growth. In November 1917, at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, Tsaritsyn came under <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> control. It fell briefly to the <a href="/wiki/White_Army" title="White Army">White Army</a> in mid-1919 but <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tsaritsyn" title="Battle of Tsaritsyn">returned to Bolshevik control</a> in January 1920. In 1925, the city was renamed <i>Stalingrad</i> in honor of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, who took part in defending the city against the White Army and who then ruled the country. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis forces</a> attacked the city, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_by_casualties" title="List of battles by casualties">largest and bloodiest battle</a> in the history of warfare,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from which it received the title of <a href="/wiki/Hero_City_(Soviet_Union)" title="Hero City (Soviet Union)">Hero City</a>. In 1961, <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>'s administration renamed the city to <i>Volgograd</i> as part of <a href="/wiki/De-Stalinization" title="De-Stalinization">de-Stalinization</a>. The Soviet victory at Stalingrad is widely held to be the turning point of World War II, leading to the destruction of the German army in the East. </p><p>Volgograd today is the site of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Motherland_Calls" title="The Motherland Calls">The Motherland Calls</a></i>, an 85-metre (279 ft) high statue dedicated to the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad, which is the tallest statue in Europe, as well as the second tallest statue of a woman in the world. The city has many tourist attractions, such as museums, sandy beaches, and a self-propelled floating church. Volgograd was one of the host cities of the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">2018 FIFA World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tsaritsyn was established in 1555 and was named after the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsaritsa_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsaritsa River (page does not exist)">Tsaritsa River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2025)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The name of Tsaritsyn was written as <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Царицынъ</span></span>, with the <a href="/wiki/Hard_sign" title="Hard sign">hard sign</a>. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> died in 1924, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> took charge as the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretary</a>; Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad in honour of his role in the defence of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name is derived from the compound of Stalin (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Сталин</span></span>; his name) and grad (<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="wikt:град">град</a></span></span>: name for a settlement in Russian). </p><p>In the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Joseph_Stalin" title="Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin">Stalin's death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> announced the policy of <a href="/wiki/De-Stalinization" title="De-Stalinization">De-Stalinization</a>. The name was changed to Volgograd in 1961, derived from name of the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> river, on whose bank the city is situated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Volgograd" title="Timeline of Volgograd">Timeline of Volgograd</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tsaritsyn">Tsaritsyn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tsaritsyn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsaritsyn_COA_(Saratov_Governorate)_(1857).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Tsaritsyn_COA_%28Saratov_Governorate%29_%281857%29.png" decoding="async" width="174" height="219" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="174" data-file-height="219" /></a><figcaption>Tsaritsyn Coat of Arms (1857) which was the arms of <a href="/wiki/Tsaritsynsky_Uyezd" title="Tsaritsynsky Uyezd">Tsaritsynsky Uezd</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Saratov_Governorate" title="Saratov Governorate">Saratov Governorate</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the city may have originated in 1555, documented evidence of <i>Tsaritsyn</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsaritsa_River&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsaritsa River (page does not exist)">Tsaritsa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8)" class="extiw" title="ru:Царица (приток Волги)">ru</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> rivers dates from 1589.<sup id="cite_ref-gr_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure stood slightly above the mouth of the Tsaritsa River on the right bank. It soon became the nucleus of a trading settlement. </p><p>At the beginning of the 17th century, the garrison consisted of 350 to 400 people. In 1607 the fortress garrison rebelled for six months against the troops of Tsar <a href="/wiki/Vasili_Shuisky" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasili Shuisky">Vasili Shuisky</a>. In the following year saw the construction of the first stone church in the city, dedicated to St. John the Baptist. </p><p>In 1670 troops of <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Razin" class="mw-redirect" title="Stepan Razin">Stepan Razin</a> captured the fortress; they left after a month. In 1708 the insurgent Cossack <a href="/wiki/Kondraty_Bulavin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kondraty Bulavin">Kondraty Bulavin</a> (died July 1708) held the fortress. In 1717 in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuban_pogrom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuban pogrom (page does not exist)">Kuban pogrom</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" class="extiw" title="ru:Кубанский погром">ru</a>]</span>, raiders from the <a href="/wiki/Kuban_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuban River">Kuban</a> under the command of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatar</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakhti_Gerai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakhti Gerai (page does not exist)">Bakhti Gerai</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" class="extiw" title="ru:Бахти Герай">ru</a>]</span> blockaded the town and enslaved thousands in the area. In August 1774 <a href="/wiki/Cossack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cossack">Cossack</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Yemelyan_Pugachev" title="Yemelyan Pugachev">Yemelyan Pugachev</a> unsuccessfully attempted to storm the city. </p><p>In 1691 Moscow established a <a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">customs</a>-post at Tsaritsyn.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1708 Tsaritsyn was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Kazan_Governorate" title="Kazan Governorate">Kazan Governorate</a>; in 1719<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> to the <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Governorate" title="Astrakhan Governorate">Astrakhan Governorate</a>. According to the census in 1720, the city had a population of 408 people. In 1773 the settlement was designated as a provincial and district town. From 1779 it belonged to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saratov_Viceroyalty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saratov Viceroyalty (page does not exist)">Saratov Viceroyalty</a>. In 1780 the city came under the newly established <a href="/wiki/Saratov_Governorate" title="Saratov Governorate">Saratov Governorate</a>. </p><p>In the nineteenth century, Tsaritsyn became an important river-port and commercial center. As a result, it also became a hub for migrant workers; in 1895 alone, over 50,000 peasant migrants came to Tsaritsyn in search of work.<sup id="cite_ref-Henze_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henze-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population expanded rapidly, increasing from fewer than 3,000 people in 1807 to about 84,000 in 1900. By 1914, the population had again jumped and was estimated at 130,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sources show 893 Jews registered as living there in 1897, with the number exceeding 2,000 by the middle of the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-Krapivensky_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krapivensky-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the turn of the nineteenth century, Tsaritsyn was essentially a frontier town; almost all of the structures were wooden, with neither paved roads nor utilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> reached the town in 1862. The first <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a> opened in 1872, the first <a href="/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">cinema</a> in 1907. In 1913 Tsaritsyn got its first tram-line, and the city's first electric lights were installed in the city center. </p><p>Between 1903 and 1907, the area was one of the least healthy in Europe, with a mortality rate of 33.6 for every 1000 persons. Untreated sewage spilled into the river, causing several <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> epidemics between 1907 and 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the region had an active Sanitary Executive Commission that sent out instructions on the best ways to prevent outbreaks and dispatched a delegate from the Anti-Plague Commission to Tsaritsyn in 1907, local municipal officials did not put any precautions into place, citing economic considerations. The city's drinking water came directly from the river, the intake pipe dangerously close to both the port and the sewage drain. There were neither funds nor political will to close the port (the main hub of economic activity) or move the intake pipes. As a result, in the three years spanning 1908 to 1910, Tsaritsyn lost 1,045 people to cholera. With a population of only 102,452 at the time, that amounted to a 1.01% loss of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Henze_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henze-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1908 and 1911, Tsaritsyn was home to <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Trufanov" title="Sergei Trufanov">Sergei Trufanov</a>, also known as the 'mad monk' Iliodor. He spent most of his time causing infighting and power struggles within the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, fomenting <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-semitic</a> zeal and violence in local populations, attacking the press, denouncing local municipal officials and causing unrest wherever he went. The most permanent mark he left on the city was the Holy Spirit Monastery (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Свято-Духовский монастырь</span>), built in 1909, parts of which still stand today.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In light of the explosive population growth, the lack of political action on sanitation and housing, the multiple epidemics and the presence of volatile personalities, it is no surprise that the lower Volga region was a hotbed of revolutionary activity and civil unrest. The inability of the Tsarist government to provide basic protections from cholera on the one hand and subjecting the populace to strict but ineffective health measures on the other, caused <a href="/wiki/1826%E2%80%931837_cholera_pandemic" title="1826–1837 cholera pandemic">multiple riots in 1829</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/1881%E2%80%931896_cholera_pandemic" title="1881–1896 cholera pandemic">1890s</a> and throughout the <a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">first decade of the 1900s</a>, setting the stage for multiple Russian revolutions and adding fuel to the political fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Henze_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henze-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> of 1917–1923, Tsaritsyn came under Soviet control from November 1917. In 1918 <a href="/wiki/White_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="White Movement">White Movement</a> troops under <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Krasnov" title="Pyotr Krasnov">Pyotr Krasnov</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ataman" title="Ataman">Ataman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Don_Cossack_Host" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Cossack Host">Don Cossack Host</a>, besieged Tsaritsyn. The Reds repulsed three assaults by the Whites. However, in June 1919 the White <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia" title="Armed Forces of South Russia">Armed Forces of South Russia</a>, under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Anton_Denikin" title="Anton Denikin">Denikin</a>, captured Tsaritsyn, and held it until January 1920. The fighting from July 1918 to January 1920 became known as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Tsaritsyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle for Tsaritsyn">Battle for Tsaritsyn</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 187.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 185.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1636 View of Tsaritsyn"><img alt="1636 View of Tsaritsyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/278px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/417px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/557px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_XVII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="497" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1636 View of Tsaritsyn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 187.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsaritsyn_003.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pre-revolutionary Tsaritsyn"><img alt="Pre-revolutionary Tsaritsyn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Tsaritsyn_003.jpeg/281px-Tsaritsyn_003.jpeg" decoding="async" width="188" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Tsaritsyn_003.jpeg/421px-Tsaritsyn_003.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Tsaritsyn_003.jpeg/562px-Tsaritsyn_003.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="1044" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pre-revolutionary Tsaritsyn</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gogolya_str.,_Tsaritsyn_(1914).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1914 City tram on Gogolya St."><img alt="1914 City tram on Gogolya St." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gogolya_str.%2C_Tsaritsyn_%281914%29.jpg/330px-Gogolya_str.%2C_Tsaritsyn_%281914%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gogolya_str.%2C_Tsaritsyn_%281914%29.jpg/500px-Gogolya_str.%2C_Tsaritsyn_%281914%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gogolya_str.%2C_Tsaritsyn_%281914%29.jpg/597px-Gogolya_str.%2C_Tsaritsyn_%281914%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="483" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1914 City tram on Gogolya St.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Stalingrad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 10, 1925, the city was renamed Stalingrad, in honor of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, General Secretary of the Communist Party.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was officially to recognize the city and Stalin's role in its defense against the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">Whites</a> between 1918 and 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the Soviets established control, ethnic and religious minorities were targeted. The only Jewish school in the area was closed down in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-Krapivensky_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krapivensky-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928, a campaign was launched by the Regional Executive Council to close down the synagogue in Stalingrad. Due to local resistance, they were not successful until 1929, when the council convened a Special Commission. The Commission convinced local municipal authorities that the building was in need of major repairs, was unsafe and much too small for the over 800 worshippers who regularly attended for high holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-Krapivensky_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krapivensky-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1931, the German settlement-colony <a href="/wiki/Old_Sarepta" title="Old Sarepta">Old Sarepta</a> (founded in 1765) became a district of Stalingrad. Renamed <i>Krasnoarmeysky Rayon</i> (or "Red Army District"), it was the largest area of the city. The first higher education institute was opened in 1930. A year later, the Stalingrad Industrial Pedagogical Institute, now <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_State_Pedagogical_University" title="Volgograd State Pedagogical University">Volgograd State Pedagogical University</a>, was opened. Under Stalin, the city became a center of heavy industry and <a href="/wiki/Transshipment" title="Transshipment">transshipment</a> by rail and river. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle of Stalingrad"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Destoyed_Buildings_in_Stalingrad,_1942_(18).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Destoyed_Buildings_in_Stalingrad%2C_1942_%2818%29.jpg/180px-Destoyed_Buildings_in_Stalingrad%2C_1942_%2818%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Destoyed_Buildings_in_Stalingrad%2C_1942_%2818%29.jpg/270px-Destoyed_Buildings_in_Stalingrad%2C_1942_%2818%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Destoyed_Buildings_in_Stalingrad%2C_1942_%2818%29.jpg/360px-Destoyed_Buildings_in_Stalingrad%2C_1942_%2818%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption>Street in Stalingrad, 1942</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_602161_Center_of_Stalingrad_after_liberation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/RIAN_archive_602161_Center_of_Stalingrad_after_liberation.jpg/180px-RIAN_archive_602161_Center_of_Stalingrad_after_liberation.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/RIAN_archive_602161_Center_of_Stalingrad_after_liberation.jpg/270px-RIAN_archive_602161_Center_of_Stalingrad_after_liberation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/RIAN_archive_602161_Center_of_Stalingrad_after_liberation.jpg/360px-RIAN_archive_602161_Center_of_Stalingrad_after_liberation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5332" data-file-height="3543" /></a><figcaption>After liberation, 1943</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_2383_The_ruins_of_Stalingrad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/RIAN_archive_2383_The_ruins_of_Stalingrad.jpg/180px-RIAN_archive_2383_The_ruins_of_Stalingrad.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/RIAN_archive_2383_The_ruins_of_Stalingrad.jpg/270px-RIAN_archive_2383_The_ruins_of_Stalingrad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/RIAN_archive_2383_The_ruins_of_Stalingrad.jpg/360px-RIAN_archive_2383_The_ruins_of_Stalingrad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Factory after bombing, 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, German and Axis forces attacked the city, which, in 1942, became the site of one of the war's pivotal battles. The Battle of Stalingrad was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_by_casualties" title="List of battles by casualties">deadliest single battle</a> in the history of warfare (casualties estimates vary between 1,250,000<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2,500,000<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>The battle began on August 23, 1942, and on the same day, the city suffered heavy aerial bombardment that reduced most of it to rubble. <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">Martial law</a> had already been declared in the city on July 14. By September, the fighting reached the city center. It was of unprecedented intensity; the city's central railway station changed hands thirteen times, and the <a href="/wiki/Mamayev_Kurgan" title="Mamayev Kurgan">Mamayev Kurgan</a> (one of the highest points of the city) was captured and recaptured eight times. </p><p>By early November, the German forces controlled 90 percent of the city and had cornered the Soviets in two narrow pockets, but they were unable to eliminate the last pockets of Soviet resistance before Soviet forces launched a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uranus" title="Operation Uranus">huge counterattack</a> on November 19. This resulted in the Soviet encirclement of the <a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="6th Army (Wehrmacht)">German Sixth Army</a> and other Axis units. On January 31, 1943, <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Paulus" title="Friedrich Paulus">Friedrich Paulus</a>, the Sixth Army's commander, surrendered; by February 2, with the elimination of straggling German troops, the Battle of Stalingrad was over. </p><p>The bombing campaign and five months of fighting destroyed 99% of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the population of more than half a million before the battle, only 1,515 remained following the battle's conclusion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1945, the Soviet Union awarded Stalingrad the title <a href="/wiki/Hero_City_(Soviet_Union)" title="Hero City (Soviet Union)">Hero City</a> for its resistance. Great Britain's <a href="/wiki/George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George VI of the United Kingdom">King George VI</a> awarded the citizens of Stalingrad the jewelled "<a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Stalingrad" title="Sword of Stalingrad">Sword of Stalingrad</a>" in recognition of their bravery.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of cities around the world (especially those that had suffered similar wartime devastation) established sister, friendship, and <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinning</a> links (see list below) in the spirit of solidarity or reconciliation. One of the first "sister city" projects was that established during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> between Stalingrad and <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>; both had suffered extensive devastation from aerial bombardment. In March 2022, this twinning link was suspended because of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volgograd">Volgograd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Volgograd"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_-_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Volga River in Volgograd</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volgograd_1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Volgograd_1979.jpg/220px-Volgograd_1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Volgograd_1979.jpg/330px-Volgograd_1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Volgograd_1979.jpg/440px-Volgograd_1979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>Volgograd on a 1979 map</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazan_Cathedral_on_13_July_2012_002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kazan_Cathedral_on_13_July_2012_002.JPG/250px-Kazan_Cathedral_on_13_July_2012_002.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kazan_Cathedral_on_13_July_2012_002.JPG/330px-Kazan_Cathedral_on_13_July_2012_002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Kazan_Cathedral_on_13_July_2012_002.JPG/500px-Kazan_Cathedral_on_13_July_2012_002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Kazan Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volgograd_-_Building_of_Regional_Committee_of_KPSS_and_Executive_Committee_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Volgograd_-_Building_of_Regional_Committee_of_KPSS_and_Executive_Committee_002.jpg/220px-Volgograd_-_Building_of_Regional_Committee_of_KPSS_and_Executive_Committee_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Volgograd_-_Building_of_Regional_Committee_of_KPSS_and_Executive_Committee_002.jpg/330px-Volgograd_-_Building_of_Regional_Committee_of_KPSS_and_Executive_Committee_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Volgograd_-_Building_of_Regional_Committee_of_KPSS_and_Executive_Committee_002.jpg/440px-Volgograd_-_Building_of_Regional_Committee_of_KPSS_and_Executive_Committee_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3228" /></a><figcaption>Building of the Oblast <a href="/wiki/Duma" title="Duma">Duma</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 10 November 1961, <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a>'s administration changed the name of the city to Volgograd ("Volga City") as part of his programme of <a href="/wiki/De-Stalinization" title="De-Stalinization">de-Stalinization</a> following Stalin's death. This action was and remains somewhat controversial, because Stalingrad has such importance as a symbol of resistance during World War II. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chernenko" title="Konstantin Chernenko">Konstantin Chernenko</a>'s brief rule in 1984, proposals were floated to revive the city's Stalinist name for that reason. There was a strong degree of local support for a reversion, but the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian Soviet government</a> did not accept such proposals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On May 21, 2007, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Grebennikov" title="Roman Grebennikov">Roman Grebennikov</a> of Communist Party was elected as mayor with 32.47% of the vote, a plurality. Grebennikov became Russia's youngest mayor of a <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">federal subject</a> administrative center at the time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia" title="Monarchism in Russia">Russian monarchists</a> and leaders of the Orthodox organizations demanded that the city should take back its original name of Tsaritsyn, but the authorities rejected their proposal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On January 30, 2013, the Volgograd City Council passed a measure to use the title "<a href="/wiki/Hero_City_(Soviet_Union)" title="Hero City (Soviet Union)">Hero City</a> Stalingrad" in city statements on nine specific dates annually.<sup id="cite_ref-StalingradName_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StalingradName-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-torygraf_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torygraf-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the following dates, the title "Hero City Stalingrad" can officially be used in celebrations: </p> <ul><li>February 2 (end of the Battle of Stalingrad),</li> <li>February 23 (<a href="/wiki/Defender_of_the_Fatherland_Day" title="Defender of the Fatherland Day">Defender of the Fatherland Day</a>),</li> <li>May 9 (<a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(9_May)" title="Victory Day (9 May)">Victory Day</a>),</li> <li>June 22 (start of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>),</li> <li>August 23 (start of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>),</li> <li>September 2 (<a href="/wiki/Victory_over_Japan_Day" title="Victory over Japan Day">Victory over Japan Day</a>),</li> <li>November 19 (start of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uranus" title="Operation Uranus">Operation Uranus</a>),</li> <li>December 9 (Day of the Fatherland's Heroes)<sup id="cite_ref-StalingradName_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StalingradName-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In addition, in January 2013, 50,000 people signed a petition to <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, asking that the city's name be permanently changed to Stalingrad.<sup id="cite_ref-torygraf_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torygraf-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Putin has replied that such a move should be preceded by a local referendum and that the Russian authorities will look into how to bring about such a referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-en.itar-tass.com_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.itar-tass.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2011, the City Duma canceled direct election of the mayor and confirmed the position of City Manager. This was short-lived, as in March 2012, Volgograd residents voted for relevant <a href="/wiki/Amendments" class="mw-redirect" title="Amendments">amendments</a> to the <a href="/wiki/City_charter" class="mw-redirect" title="City charter">city charter</a> to reinstate the direct mayoral elections.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_and_municipal_status">Administrative and municipal status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voroshilovskiy_district_of_Volgograd_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Voroshilovskiy_district_of_Volgograd_001.jpg/220px-Voroshilovskiy_district_of_Volgograd_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Voroshilovskiy_district_of_Volgograd_001.jpg/330px-Voroshilovskiy_district_of_Volgograd_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Voroshilovskiy_district_of_Volgograd_001.jpg/440px-Voroshilovskiy_district_of_Volgograd_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>View of Voroshilovsky City District of Volgograd</figcaption></figure> <p>Volgograd is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd Oblast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">framework of administrative divisions</a>, it is incorporated as the <b><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">city of oblast significance</a> of Volgograd</b>—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Volgograd Oblast">districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref151_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref151-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">municipal division</a>, the city of oblast significance of Volgograd is incorporated as <b>Volgograd Urban Okrug</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref921_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref921-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the city was on an important trade route for moving timber, grain, cotton, cast iron, fish, salt and linseed oil, the economic reach of the Volga was relatively small. When the first rail lines were linked up to Moscow in 1871, this isolated area was suddenly and efficiently connected to the rest of the empire. Thanks to that connection, the province became a major producer, processor and exporter of grain, supplying most of Russia. By the 1890s, the economy of Volgograd (then Tsaritsyn), relied mainly on the trade of grain, <a href="/wiki/Naphtha" title="Naphtha">naphtha</a>, fish and salt.<sup id="cite_ref-Henze_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henze-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern Volgograd remains an important industrial city. Industries include <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_refining" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil refining">oil refining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a> production, manufacture of heavy machinery and vehicles at the <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Tractor_Plant" title="Volgograd Tractor Plant">Volgograd Tractor Plant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titan-Barrikady" title="Titan-Barrikady">Titan-Barrikady</a> plant, and chemical production. The large <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Hydroelectric_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Volgograd Hydroelectric Plant">Volgograd Hydroelectric Plant</a> is a short distance to the north of Volgograd. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on the private Russian bank: <a href="/wiki/Volgoprombank" title="Volgoprombank">Volgoprombank</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgograd is a major railway junction served by the <a href="/wiki/Privolzhskaya_Railway" title="Privolzhskaya Railway">Privolzhskaya Railway</a>. Rail links from the <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_railway_station" title="Volgograd railway station">Volgograd railway station</a> include Moscow; Saratov; Astrakhan; the <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. It stands at the east end of the <a href="/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93Don_Canal" title="Volga–Don Canal">Volga–Don Canal</a>, opened in 1952 to link the two great rivers of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Federal_District" title="Southern Federal District">Southern Russia</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_route_E40" title="European route E40">European route E40</a>, the longest European route connecting <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ridder,_Kazakhstan" title="Ridder, Kazakhstan">Ridder</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, passes through Volgograd. The <a href="/wiki/M6_highway_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="M6 highway (Russia)">M6 highway</a> between Moscow and the Caspian Sea also passes through the city. The <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Bridge" title="Volgograd Bridge">Volgograd Bridge</a>, under construction since 1995, was inaugurated in October 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city river terminal is the center for local passenger shipping along the Volga River. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_International_Airport" title="Volgograd International Airport">Volgograd International Airport</a> provides air links to major Russian cities as well as <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aktau" title="Aktau">Aktau</a>. </p><p>Volgograd's public transport system includes a <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> service known as the <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_metrotram" class="mw-redirect" title="Volgograd metrotram">Volgograd Metrotram</a>. Local public transport is provided by buses, trolleybuses and trams. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga River</a> still is a very important communication channel. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:May2015_Volgograd_img16_trolley.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trolza-5275 low-entry trolleybus"><img alt="Trolza-5275 low-entry trolleybus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/May2015_Volgograd_img16_trolley.jpg/225px-May2015_Volgograd_img16_trolley.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/May2015_Volgograd_img16_trolley.jpg/338px-May2015_Volgograd_img16_trolley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/May2015_Volgograd_img16_trolley.jpg/450px-May2015_Volgograd_img16_trolley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4527" data-file-height="3018" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Trolza" title="Trolza">Trolza-5275</a> low-entry trolleybus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:May2015_Volgograd_img20_Gumrak_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volgograd International Airport"><img alt="Volgograd International Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/May2015_Volgograd_img20_Gumrak_Airport.jpg/250px-May2015_Volgograd_img20_Gumrak_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/May2015_Volgograd_img20_Gumrak_Airport.jpg/500px-May2015_Volgograd_img20_Gumrak_Airport.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3495" data-file-height="2330" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_International_Airport" title="Volgograd International Airport">Volgograd International Airport</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 161.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volgograd_tram_5865_2019-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volgograd metrotram"><img alt="Volgograd metrotram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Volgograd_tram_5865_2019-09.jpg/242px-Volgograd_tram_5865_2019-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Volgograd_tram_5865_2019-09.jpg/362px-Volgograd_tram_5865_2019-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Volgograd_tram_5865_2019-09.jpg/483px-Volgograd_tram_5865_2019-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="1799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_metrotram" class="mw-redirect" title="Volgograd metrotram">Volgograd metrotram</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:River-boat_station_in_Volgograd_002.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Riverboat Station"><img alt="Riverboat Station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/River-boat_station_in_Volgograd_002.JPG/224px-River-boat_station_in_Volgograd_002.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/River-boat_station_in_Volgograd_002.JPG/336px-River-boat_station_in_Volgograd_002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/River-boat_station_in_Volgograd_002.JPG/448px-River-boat_station_in_Volgograd_002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Riverboat Station</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">153,502</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+171.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">445,312</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+190.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">593,844</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+33.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">817,647</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+37.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">928,692</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">998,894</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,011,417</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,021,215</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,028,036</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.7%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_composition">Ethnic composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ethnic composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of the official 2010 Census, the ethnic makeup of the city's population whose ethnicity was known (999,785) was:<sup id="cite_ref-etnicheski_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etnicheski-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ethnicity </th> <th>Population</th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td>922,321</td> <td>92.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> </td> <td>15,200</td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> </td> <td>12,216</td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> </td> <td>9,760</td> <td>1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> </td> <td>6,679</td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a> </td> <td>3,831</td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> </td> <td>2,639</td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a> </td> <td>2,389</td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>24,750</td> <td>2.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mamayev_Kurgan_Memorial_Complex">Mamayev Kurgan Memorial Complex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mamayev Kurgan Memorial Complex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volgograd,_Hall_of_Heroes_01_(4137818183).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Volgograd%2C_Hall_of_Heroes_01_%284137818183%29.jpg/250px-Volgograd%2C_Hall_of_Heroes_01_%284137818183%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Volgograd%2C_Hall_of_Heroes_01_%284137818183%29.jpg/330px-Volgograd%2C_Hall_of_Heroes_01_%284137818183%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Volgograd%2C_Hall_of_Heroes_01_%284137818183%29.jpg/500px-Volgograd%2C_Hall_of_Heroes_01_%284137818183%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3533" data-file-height="2609" /></a><figcaption>Hall of Military Glory</figcaption></figure> <p>A memorial complex commemorating the battle of Stalingrad, dominated by an immense allegorical sculpture <i><a href="/wiki/The_Motherland_Calls" title="The Motherland Calls">The Motherland Calls</a></i>, was erected on the <a href="/wiki/Mamayev_Kurgan" title="Mamayev Kurgan">Mamayev Kurgan</a> (Russian: Мамаев Курган), the hill that saw some of the most intense fighting during the battle. This complex includes the Hall of Military Glory, a circular building housing an eternal flame and bearing plaques with the names of the fallen heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad. This memorial features an hourly changing of the guard that draws many tourists during the warmer months. Across from this Hall, there is a statue called Mother's Sorrow, which depicts a grieving woman holding a fallen soldier in her arms. During the summer months, this statue is surrounded by a small water feature, called the Lake of Tears. Further down the hill of this complex, there is a Plaza of Heroes (also known as Heroes' Square), featuring multiple allegorical sculptures of heroic deeds. This plaza is sometimes referred to by the title of the most famous of these sculptures, called "Having withstood, we conquered death".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panorama_Museum">Panorama Museum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Panorama Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ST_battle_panorama_IMG_4238-4289-49_img-10K.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/ST_battle_panorama_IMG_4238-4289-49_img-10K.jpg/220px-ST_battle_panorama_IMG_4238-4289-49_img-10K.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/ST_battle_panorama_IMG_4238-4289-49_img-10K.jpg/330px-ST_battle_panorama_IMG_4238-4289-49_img-10K.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/ST_battle_panorama_IMG_4238-4289-49_img-10K.jpg/440px-ST_battle_panorama_IMG_4238-4289-49_img-10K.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10000" data-file-height="3863" /></a><figcaption>Panorama Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad, including Gerhardt's Mill</figcaption></figure> <p>The Panorama Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad is a large cultural complex that sits on the shore of the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga river</a>. It is located on the site of the "Penza Defense Junction", a group of buildings along Penzenskaya Street (now Sovetskaya Street), which was defended by the 13th Guards Rifle Division. The complex includes <a href="/wiki/Gerhardt%27s_Mill" title="Gerhardt's Mill">Gerhardt's Mill</a>, which is preserved in its bombed out state. The museum on the complex grounds houses the largest painting in Russia, a <a href="/wiki/Panoramic_painting" title="Panoramic painting">panoramic painting</a> of the battlefield as seen from <a href="/wiki/Mamayev_Kurgan" title="Mamayev Kurgan">Mamayev Kurgan</a>, where "The Motherland Calls" statue now stands. This museum also features Soviet military equipment from the 1940s, numerous exhibits of weapons (including a rifle of the famous sniper <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Zaitsev_(sniper)" title="Vasily Zaitsev (sniper)">Vasily Zaytsev</a>), uniforms, personal belongings of generals and soldiers involved in the battle and detailed maps and timelines of the battle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planetarium">Planetarium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Planetarium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg/250px-May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg/330px-May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg/500px-May2015_Volgograd_img17_Planetarium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3399" data-file-height="3399" /></a><figcaption>Volgograd Planetarium</figcaption></figure> <p>The Volgograd Planetarium was a gift from <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> in honor of what would have been Stalin's 70th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neoclassical in style, the building facade is designed like a Roman temple, with six <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_order" title="Tuscan order">Tuscan columns</a> topped by capitals decorated with stars. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Vera_Mukhina" title="Vera Mukhina">Vera Ignatyevna Mukhina</a>, the dome is crowned by a female personification of Peace, holding an astrolabe with a dove. Opened in 1954, it was only the second purpose-built planetarium in the Soviet Union. The entryway interior features a mural of Stalin in the white uniform of a naval admiral, surrounded by lilies and doves, more symbols of peace. On either side of the mural, are busts of <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky" title="Konstantin Tsiolkovsky">Konstantin Tsiolkovsky</a>, a Soviet rocket scientist, and <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a>, a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut and the first human to venture into outer space. On the second floor, there are large stained glass windows, featuring images related to Soviet space exploration. The planetarium was outfitted with a <a href="/wiki/Zeiss_projector" title="Zeiss projector">Zeiss projector</a>, the first produced by the <a href="/wiki/Carl_Zeiss_AG" title="Carl Zeiss AG">Carl Zeiss Company</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jena</a> plant after the end of World War 2.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The projector supplied was the UPP-23/1s model, which was produced between 1954 and 1964; it is still operational and in regular use at the Volgograd Planetarium. The projector was supplemented by a digital system in 2019; the Fulldome Pro model LDX12. Zeiss also provided the 365mm refractor telescope for the observatory, which is still in operation today.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The planetarium hosts scientific and educational lectures, provides <a href="/wiki/Fulldome" title="Fulldome">Fulldome</a> shows, has scheduled tours, features daytime and nighttime observations and runs an astronomy club for children.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Across the street from the Panorama Museum, stands <a href="/wiki/Pavlov%27s_House" title="Pavlov's House">Pavlov's House</a>, another surviving monument to the Battle of Stalingrad. Several monuments and memorials can be found nearby, including a statue of Lenin, a statue in honor of children who survived war and another to the Pavlov's House defenders.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Musical_Instrument_Museum_(Volgograd)" title="Musical Instrument Museum (Volgograd)">Musical Instrument Museum</a> is a branch of the Volgograd regional Museum of local lore.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a port city along an important and busy trading route, Volgograd has always been a diverse place. An 1897 survey reveals 893 Jews (512 men and 381 women), 1,729 Muslims (938 men and 791 women), and 193 Catholics (116 men and 77 women).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_Spirit_Monastery">Holy Spirit Monastery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Holy Spirit Monastery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Svyato-Duhov_Monastery_in_Tsaritsyn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Svyato-Duhov_Monastery_in_Tsaritsyn.jpg/220px-Svyato-Duhov_Monastery_in_Tsaritsyn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Svyato-Duhov_Monastery_in_Tsaritsyn.jpg/330px-Svyato-Duhov_Monastery_in_Tsaritsyn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Svyato-Duhov_Monastery_in_Tsaritsyn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="144" /></a><figcaption>Holy Spirit Monastery, before 1923</figcaption></figure> <p>Land for the Holy Spirit Monastery was originally allocated in 1904, but construction did not begin until 1909 and was not complete until 1911. <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Trufanov" title="Sergei Trufanov">Sergei Trufanov</a>, also known as the 'mad monk' of Tsaritsyn, was the driving force behind fundraising and getting the project off the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original complex had a church that could accommodate 6,000 people, the monastery itself could house 500 and an auditorium that held 1,000. There was a school, space for workshops, a printing office and an <a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">almshouse</a>. The land the monastery stood on also hosted multiple gardens, a fountain and several inner yards.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1912, the monastery was divided to a male and female section, housing both monks and nuns. In 1914, the school on the grounds of the Holy Spirit Monastery became part of the city school system and in 1915, housed 53 girls whose fathers were on the front lines. During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a>, an infirmary was set up and the complex was alternately used by both the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">Whites</a>. In 1923, once the area was under firm Bolshevik control, the monastery was closed. During the following decades, the complex was used as an orphanage, a library, a cinema and a student hostel. Eventually, many of the buildings fell into disuse and became dilapidated. At the onset of the Second World War, the complex was given to the military and many of the original buildings were demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Volgograd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diocese of Volgograd (page does not exist)">Diocese of Volgograd</a> was established and the military began the process of transferring what was left of the Holy Spirit Monastery back to the church. A theological school was established in 1992 and restoration of the site continues today.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral">Alexander Nevsky Cathedral</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Alexander Nevsky Cathedral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Alexander_Nevsky_(Volgograd)" title="Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky (Volgograd)">Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky (Volgograd)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandro-Nevsky_Cathedral_Tsaritsyn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alexandro-Nevsky_Cathedral_Tsaritsyn.jpg/220px-Alexandro-Nevsky_Cathedral_Tsaritsyn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alexandro-Nevsky_Cathedral_Tsaritsyn.jpg/330px-Alexandro-Nevsky_Cathedral_Tsaritsyn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Alexandro-Nevsky_Cathedral_Tsaritsyn.jpg/440px-Alexandro-Nevsky_Cathedral_Tsaritsyn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption>Original Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Tsaritsyn, before 1932</figcaption></figure> <p>Construction of the cathedral began on April 22, 1901, with the laying of the foundation stone by <a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_(Dolganyov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermogenes (Dolganyov)">Bishop Hermogenes</a>. The domes were installed in 1915 and consecration took place on May 19, 1918. Almost as soon as it was built, the cathedral fell out of use. The Soviet powers closed it down officially in 1929, with the crosses and bells removed and the liturgical objects confiscated. The cathedral was then used as a motor depot and eventually demolished in 1932. In 2001, the long project of rebuilding the cathedral was begun. The first foundation stone was laid in 2016 and the finished replica was finally consecrated in 2021 by <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow">Patriarch Kirill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new church stands in central Volgograd, bounded by Communist Street (Russian: Коммунистическая Улица) and Mir Street (Russian: Улица Мира) on the north and south and Volodarsk Street (Russian: Улица Володарского) and Gogol Street (Russian: Улица Гоголя) on the west and east, respectively. This area is also a park, called Alexander's Garden<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. The cathedral stands across the street from a World War 2 monument, and a statue of and chapel for, the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky" title="Alexander Nevsky">Alexander Nevsky</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Floating_Churches">Floating Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Floating Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Nicholas_floating_church.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/St_Nicholas_floating_church.JPG/220px-St_Nicholas_floating_church.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/St_Nicholas_floating_church.JPG/330px-St_Nicholas_floating_church.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/St_Nicholas_floating_church.JPG/440px-St_Nicholas_floating_church.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>Original St.Nicholas floating church, consecrated in 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>Volgograd hosts one of the few self-propelled floating churches in the world: the chapel boat of Saint Vladimir of Volgograd. Spearheaded by Vladimir Koretsky and assisted by a Dutch Orthodox priest who was part of the organization <a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a> (ACN), the Saint Vladimir was consecrated in October 2004 on the shore of the Volga. Originally a decommissioned landing craft found in a shipyard outside St. Petersburg, it took two years to convert it into a floating church. The boat chapel sports three shining domes and was decorated with icons and religious motifs by a local Volgograd artist. On its maiden voyage, the Saint Vladimir reached <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a> in the south and <a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a> in the north; traveling an 800 kilometer (~500 mile) span of the Volga River.<sup id="cite_ref-BarbaLata_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarbaLata-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to this self propelled church, Vladimir Koretsky first built two other floating churches in Volgograd, both of which must be towed by another craft. The Saint Innocent was originally a repair vessel and was located in a shipyard in Volgograd. Despite it being in poor condition, the boat had good sized cabins and a kitchen unit; the hull was restored, the largest cabins were merged and a single shining dome was added. Icons and sacred relics were donated by parishes from all over the country and the floating church was consecrated on 22 May 1998. During its first year in operation, it visited 28 villages, where 446 people were baptised and 1,500 received communion. The Saint Innocent was mobile for four months of the year, operating mostly on the Don River, and spent the rest of the time moored in <a href="/wiki/Pyatimorsk" title="Pyatimorsk">Pyatimorsk</a>, providing a semi permanent church for that rural locality.<sup id="cite_ref-BarbaLata_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarbaLata-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the success of the Saint Innocent, the ACN launched the creation of a second floating church, this time built atop an old barge. Christened the Saint Nicholas, in honor of the original floating church built in 1910, it was moored at a yacht club in Volgograd for several years, serving as a place of worship for passing ships crews. It was later towed to Oktyabrsky, a remote southern village of the Volgograd Oblast, to serve as a semi-permanent church.<sup id="cite_ref-BarbaLata_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarbaLata-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of these floating churches were inspired by the original; a retrofitted tug-passenger steamer, which ran between Kazan and Astrakhan, named the Saint Nicholas. Commissioned in 1858, it was first christened the Kriushi, then the Pirate, until it was purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Astrakhan" title="Diocese of Astrakhan">Diocese of Astrakhan</a> in 1910 and converted into a church. It served for 8 years, traveling up and down the Volga River, sometimes clocking 4,000 miles a year. Much like every other church in Russia, it was decommissioned in 1918 by the Soviets. It made such an impact on the local population however, that almost 80 years later, it was the inspiration for a new "flotilla of God".<sup id="cite_ref-BarbaLata_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarbaLata-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volgograd_Synagogue">Volgograd Synagogue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Volgograd Synagogue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0._%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4.6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0._%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4.6.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0._%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4.6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0._%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4.6.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0._%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4.6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0._%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4.6.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0._%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4.6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>First Volgograd Synagogue</figcaption></figure> <p>Also known as Beit David Synagogue, it was named after David Kolotilin, a Jewish leader during the Soviet period. Although some sources claim that this was the first synagogue to serve the Jews of Volgograd, was constructed in 1888, and its original purpose was exclusively that of a synagogue, there is little evidence to support this. What little documentation exists suggests that it was indeed built at the turn of the century, but its original purpose is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-CJA_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CJA-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, a 1903 tourist guide to Tsaritsyn warns that almost all of the buildings in the town are wooden and makes no mention of this structure, so an 1888 construction date is highly unlikely.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixon_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixon-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a two-story, rectangular building, made of brick and richly decorated. The architectural style is typical of residential buildings constructed in Tsaritsyn after the turn of the century.<sup id="cite_ref-IOP_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOP-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original building barely survived the Battle of Stalingrad; it was in ruins as late as 1997, with broken windows and gaping holes made by Nazi bombs. Some sources suggest that the building was reconstructed, but not restored, by 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-CJA_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CJA-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emissaries of the <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad-Lubavitch organization</a> launched a campaign to return the building to the Jewish community and were finally successful in 2003. With the help of multiple fundraising campaigns and generous donors, including Edward Shifrin and Alex Schneider, the synagogue was restored. An annex was constructed in 2005 to mimic the original style and the building was rededicated in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prayer hall can be found on the first floor, with communal offices on the second.<sup id="cite_ref-CJA_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CJA-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located at 2 Balachninskaya Street in the center of Volgograd. In addition to regular religious services, it also hosts a soup kitchen, a Jewish day school and an overnight children's camp. As of 2022, the community was led by Rabbi Zalman Yoffe.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Higher education facilities include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_State_University" title="Volgograd State University">Volgograd State University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_State_Technical_University" title="Volgograd State Technical University">Volgograd State Technical University</a> (former Volgograd Polytechnical University)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd_State_Agriculture_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volgograd State Agriculture University (page does not exist)">Volgograd State Agriculture University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Volgograd_State_Medical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="The Volgograd State Medical University">Volgograd State Medical University</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_State_University_of_Architecture_and_Civil_Engineering" title="Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering">Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd_Academy_of_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volgograd Academy of Industry (page does not exist)">Volgograd Academy of Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd_Academy_of_Business_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volgograd Academy of Business Administration (page does not exist)">Volgograd Academy of Business Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_State_Pedagogical_University" title="Volgograd State Pedagogical University">Volgograd State Pedagogical University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volgograd_arena_aerial_view_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Volgograd_arena_aerial_view_1.jpg/220px-Volgograd_arena_aerial_view_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Volgograd_arena_aerial_view_1.jpg/330px-Volgograd_arena_aerial_view_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Volgograd_arena_aerial_view_1.jpg/440px-Volgograd_arena_aerial_view_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4296" data-file-height="2414" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Arena" title="Volgograd Arena">Volgograd Arena</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Club</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>Founded</th> <th>Current League</th> <th>League<br />Tier</th> <th>Stadium </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FC_Rotor_Volgograd" title="FC Rotor Volgograd">Rotor Volgograd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>1929 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Professional_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Professional Football League">Russian Professional Football League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Arena" title="Volgograd Arena">Volgograd Arena</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FC_Olimpia_Volgograd" title="FC Olimpia Volgograd">Olimpia Volgograd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td>1989 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast_Football_Championship" title="Volgograd Oblast Football Championship">Volgograd Oblast Football Championship</a> </td> <td>5th </td> <td>Olimpia Stadium </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kaustik Volgograd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Team_Handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Handball">Handball</a> </td> <td>1929 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Handball_Super_League" title="Russian Handball Super League">Handball Super League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>Dynamo Sports Complex </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinamo_Volgograd" title="Dinamo Volgograd">Dynamo Volgograd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Team_Handball" class="mw-redirect" title="Team Handball">Handball</a> </td> <td>1929 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Women%27s_Handball_Super_League" title="Russian Women's Handball Super League">Women's Handball Super League</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>Dynamo Sports Complex </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BC_Krasny_Oktyabr" title="BC Krasny Oktyabr">Krasny Oktyabr Volgograd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td>2012 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/VTB_United_League" title="VTB United League">VTB United League</a> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Sports_Palace_of_Trade_Unions" title="Volgograd Sports Palace of Trade Unions">Trade Unions Sports Palace</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Water_Polo_Club_Spartak_Volgograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Polo Club Spartak Volgograd">Spartak Volgograd</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Water_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Polo">Water Polo</a> </td> <td>1994 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_Water_Polo_Championship" title="Russian Water Polo Championship">Russian Water Polo Championship</a> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>CVVS </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Volgograd was a host city to four matches of the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> in 2018. A new modern stadium, <a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Arena" title="Volgograd Arena">Volgograd Arena</a>, was built for this occasion on the bank of the Volga River to serve as the venue. The stadium has a seating capacity for 45,000 people, including a press box, a VIP box and seats for people with limited mobility.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Volgograd" title="List of people from Volgograd">List of people from Volgograd</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Davydenko" title="Nikolay Davydenko">Nikolay Davydenko</a>, tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Filippov" title="Sasha Filippov">Sasha Filippov</a>, spy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Grebnev" title="Oleg Grebnev">Oleg Grebnev</a>, handball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_Grigoryeva" title="Yekaterina Grigoryeva">Yekaterina Grigoryeva</a>, sprinter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larisa_Ilchenko" title="Larisa Ilchenko">Larisa Ilchenko</a>, long-distance swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelena_Isinbayeva" title="Yelena Isinbayeva">Yelena Isinbayeva</a>, pole vaulter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Ivanov_(football_manager)" title="Lev Ivanov (football manager)">Lev Ivanov</a>, association football manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Kalitvintsev" title="Yuriy Kalitvintsev">Yuriy Kalitvintsev</a>, association football manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elem_Klimov" title="Elem Klimov">Elem Klimov</a>, film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egor_Koulechov" title="Egor Koulechov">Egor Koulechov</a> professional basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Kravtsov" title="Alexey Kravtsov">Alexey Kravtsov</a>, jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kryuchkov" title="Vladimir Kryuchkov">Vladimir Kryuchkov</a>, statesman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatyana_Lebedeva" title="Tatyana Lebedeva">Tatyana Lebedeva</a>, jumper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Marinin" title="Maxim Marinin">Maxim Marinin</a>, figure skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksim_Opalev" title="Maksim Opalev">Maksim Opalev</a>, sprint canoeist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandra_Pakhmutova" title="Aleksandra Pakhmutova">Aleksandra Pakhmutova</a>, composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pankratov" title="Denis Pankratov">Denis Pankratov</a>, Olympic swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evgeni_Plushenko" title="Evgeni Plushenko">Evgeni Plushenko</a>, Olympic figure skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Sadovyi" title="Yevgeny Sadovyi">Yevgeny Sadovyi</a>, Olympic swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Shipilova" class="mw-redirect" title="Natalia Shipilova">Natalia Shipilova</a>, handball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelena_Slesarenko" title="Yelena Slesarenko">Yelena Slesarenko</a>, high jumper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Viktorovich_Slutsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonid Viktorovich Slutsky">Leonid Slutsky</a>, football coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliya_Sotnikova" title="Yuliya Sotnikova">Yuliya Sotnikova</a>, 400m athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulia_(singer)" title="Yulia (singer)">Yulia MacLean Townsend</a>, classical opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Vasilev" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Vasilev">Igor Vasilev</a>, handball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Veretennikov" title="Oleg Veretennikov">Oleg Veretennikov</a>, association football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Vikhlyantseva" title="Natalia Vikhlyantseva">Natalia Vikhlyantseva</a>, tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Zaitsev_(sniper)" title="Vasily Zaitsev (sniper)">Vasily Zaytsev</a>, Soviet sniper and a Hero of the Soviet Union</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Russia" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Volgograd is/was <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, United Kingdom (1944-2022<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ostrava" title="Ostrava">Ostrava</a>, Czech Republic (1949–2022<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kemi" title="Kemi">Kemi</a>, Finland (1953)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, Belgium (1959-2022<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a>, France (1959)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy (1961, renewed 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> renewed 2020<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_Said" title="Port Said">Port Said</a>, Egypt (1962)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, India (1967)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a>, Japan (1972)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, Germany (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a>, Germany (1988)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> United States (1990–2022)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin City</a>, China (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Kruševac">Kruševac</a>, Serbia (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ruse_Municipality" title="Ruse Municipality">Ruse</a>, Bulgaria (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/P%C5%82o%C5%84sk" title="Płońsk">Płońsk</a>, Poland (2008-2022<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, Turkey (2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, China (2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Olevano_Romano" title="Olevano Romano">Olevano Romano</a>, Italy (2014)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ortona" title="Ortona">Ortona</a>, Italy (2014)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia (2015)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a>, Iran (2015)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <ul><li>Several communities in France and Italy have streets or avenues named after Stalingrad, hence <i><a href="/wiki/Place_de_Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Place de Stalingrad">Place de Stalingrad</a></i> in Paris and the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro" title="Paris Métro">Paris Métro</a> station of <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad_(Paris_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad (Paris Metro)">Stalingrad</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgograd has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">hot-summer humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Dfa</i>) with hot summers and cold winters, which borders with <a href="/wiki/Cold_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold semi-arid climate">cold semi-arid climate</a> (Köppen climate classification <i>BSk</i>). Precipitation is low and spread more or less evenly throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Volgograd (1991–2020, extremes 1836–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4<br />(102.9) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td> <td style="background: #EF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.6<br />(108.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #EF0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.6<br />(108.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.7<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.3<br />(22.5) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.1<br />(17.4) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−33.0<br />(−27.4) </td> <td style="background: #3737FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.5<br />(−26.5) </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.8<br />(−14.4) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.8<br />(9.0) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.2<br />(10.0) </td> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.8<br />(−14.4) </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.8<br />(−18.0) </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−33.0<br />(−27.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">390<br />(15.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(7.1) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(3.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18<br />(7.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #1818FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(50) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(45) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2<br />(36) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #787878; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.1 </td> <td style="background: #B0B085; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.9 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.4 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204.2 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">290.8 </td> <td style="background: #F2F215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">308.4 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">329.3 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">300.2 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.9 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.8 </td> <td style="background: #787878; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.6 </td> <td style="background: #4D4D4D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.5 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,225.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Daytime" title="Daytime">daylight hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF6E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #F7F721; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weatherbase (snow-sun)<sup id="cite_ref-weatherbase_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weatherbase-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Time and date (humidity and Dew point 1985-2015)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weather atlas (Daylight-UV)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">VOL</span>-gə-grad</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">VOHL</span>-</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Волгоград</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[vəlɡɐˈɡrat]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/2f\/Ru-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4.oga\/Ru-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u0412\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/Ru-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4.oga/Ru-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4.oga" title="File:Ru-Волгоград.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Царицын</span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[tsɐˈrʲitsɨn]</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">STAH</span>-lin-grad</i></a>; Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Сталинград</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>:</small> <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">IPA</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[stəlʲɪnˈɡrat]</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Александровский Сад</span>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Charter0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Charter0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charter0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charter0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Charter of Volgograd, Preamble</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref151-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref151_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref151_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref151_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref151_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref151_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #139-OD</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gr-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gr_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gr_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Энциклопедия Города России</i>. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. pp. <span class="nowrap">81–</span>83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-7107-7399-9" title="Special:BookSources/5-7107-7399-9"><bdi>5-7107-7399-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E81-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=5-7107-7399-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeadLegis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HeadLegis_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeadLegis_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Charter of Volgograd, Article 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volgadmin.ru/d/admin/Leadership">"Руководители"</a>. <i>volgadmin.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=volgadmin.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volgadmin.ru%2Fd%2Fadmin%2FLeadership&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar">"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"</a>. Federal State Statistics Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=26.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B0+1+%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8F+2018+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fdoc_2018%2Fbul_dr%2Fmun_obr2018.rar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref921-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref921_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref921_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref921_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #1031-OD</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vremeni-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vremeni_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085">"Об исчислении времени"</a>. <i>Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации</i> (in Russian). June 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Slavonic+and+East+European+Review&rft.atitle=The+%27Mad+Monk%27+Iliodor+in+Tsaritsyn&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E377-%3C%2Fspan%3E415&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147490431%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20780425%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsee.2010.0064&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20780425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krapivensky-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Krapivensky_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krapivensky_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krapivensky_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrapivensky1993" class="citation journal cs1">Krapivensky, Solomon Eliazarovich (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23536822">"The Jewish community of Tsaritsyn (Volgograd) at the turn of the nineteenth century"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the World Congress of Jewish Studies; Division B, the History of the Jewish People</i>. <b>3</b>: <span class="nowrap">31–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23536822">23536822</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+World+Congress+of+Jewish+Studies%3B+Division+B%2C+the+History+of+the+Jewish+People&rft.atitle=The+Jewish+community+of+Tsaritsyn+%28Volgograd%29+at+the+turn+of+the+nineteenth+century&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23536822%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Krapivensky&rft.aufirst=Solomon+Eliazarovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23536822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLutz-Auras2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lutz-Auras, Ludmilla (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t4z_r4PX0hQC&q=stalingrad+10+april+1925"><i>"Auf Stalin, Sieg Und Vaterland!": Politisierung Der Kollektiven Erinnerung an Den Zweiten Weltkrieg in Russland</i></a> (in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3658008215" title="Special:BookSources/978-3658008215"><bdi>978-3658008215</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Auf+Stalin%2C+Sieg+Und+Vaterland%21%22%3A+Politisierung+Der+Kollektiven+Erinnerung+an+Den+Zweiten+Weltkrieg+in+Russland&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3658008215&rft.aulast=Lutz-Auras&rft.aufirst=Ludmilla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt4z_r4PX0hQC%26q%3Dstalingrad%2B10%2Bapril%2B1925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMccauley2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_McCauley_(historian)" title="Martin McCauley (historian)">Mccauley, Martin</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-W3aAAAAQBAJ&q=stalingrad+10+april+1925"><i>Stalin and Stalinism</i></a> (3 ed.). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317863687" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317863687"><bdi>978-1317863687</bdi></a>. <q>10 April 1925: Tsaritsyn is renamed Stalingrad.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin+and+Stalinism&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1317863687&rft.aulast=Mccauley&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-W3aAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dstalingrad%2B10%2Bapril%2B1925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Brewer's Dictionary of 20th Century Phrase and Fable</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrant2005" class="citation book cs1">Grant, R. G. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iU-pAQAACAAJ"><i>Battle: A Visual Journey Through 5,000 Years of Combat</i></a>. Dorling Kindersley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7566-1360-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7566-1360-4"><bdi>0-7566-1360-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battle%3A+A+Visual+Journey+Through+5%2C000+Years+of+Combat&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7566-1360-4&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=R.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiU-pAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGeoffrey2002" class="citation book cs1">Geoffrey, Roberts (2002). <i>Victory at Stalingrad</i> (1st ed.). Routledge. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0582771857" title="Special:BookSources/978-0582771857"><bdi>978-0582771857</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victory+at+Stalingrad&rft.pages=9&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0582771857&rft.aulast=Geoffrey&rft.aufirst=Roberts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrinkoMedvedev2017" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Krinko, Evgeniy; Medvedev, Maksim (November 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doaj.org/article/b8c72326e8864f51b07185b99c9e10be">"Demographic Consequences of the Stalingrad Battle"</a>. <i>Science Journal of Volgograd State University</i> (in Russian). <b>23</b>: <span class="nowrap">91–</span>104 – via <a href="/wiki/Directory_of_Open_Access_Journals" title="Directory of Open Access Journals">Directory of Open Access Journals</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Journal+of+Volgograd+State+University&rft.atitle=Demographic+Consequences+of+the+Stalingrad+Battle&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft.aulast=Krinko&rft.aufirst=Evgeniy&rft.au=Medvedev%2C+Maksim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoaj.org%2Farticle%2Fb8c72326e8864f51b07185b99c9e10be&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCraig1973" class="citation book cs1">Craig, William (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/enemyatgatesbatt0000crai_r5p2/mode/1up"><i>Enemy at the Gates: The Battle for Stalingrad</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest_Press" title="Reader's Digest Press">Reader's Digest Press</a>. p. 385. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0141390174" title="Special:BookSources/0141390174"><bdi>0141390174</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enemy+at+the+Gates%3A+The+Battle+for+Stalingrad&rft.pages=385&rft.pub=Reader%27s+Digest+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0141390174&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenemyatgatesbatt0000crai_r5p2%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12010/16033/British%20cinema%20of%20the%201950s%20a%20celebration.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"British cinema of the 1950s a celebration"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=expeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co&rft.atitle=British+cinema+of+the+1950s+a+celebration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexpeditiorepositorio.utadeo.edu.co%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F20.500.12010%2F16033%2FBritish%2520cinema%2520of%2520the%25201950s%2520a%2520celebration.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331084753/https://www.coventry.gov.uk/news/article/4211/council-sends-letter-to-russian-twin">"Council sends letter to Russian twin"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coventry.gov.uk/news/article/4211/council-sends-letter-to-russian-twin">the original</a> on March 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council+sends+letter+to+Russian+twin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coventry.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F4211%2Fcouncil-sends-letter-to-russian-twin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StalingradName-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StalingradName_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StalingradName_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Decision #72/2149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-torygraf-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-torygraf_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-torygraf_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130203110134/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/9839666/Russia-revives-Stalingrad-city-name.html">"Russia revives Stalingrad city name"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. January 31, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/9839666/Russia-revives-Stalingrad-city-name.html">the original</a> on February 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Russia+revives+Stalingrad+city+name&rft.date=2013-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fworld-war-two%2F9839666%2FRussia-revives-Stalingrad-city-name.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21291674">"Stalingrad name to be revived for anniversaries"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Online" title="BBC News Online">BBC News Online</a></i>. February 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Online&rft.atitle=Stalingrad+name+to+be+revived+for+anniversaries&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-21291674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-en.itar-tass.com-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-en.itar-tass.com_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tass.com/russia/735173">"Putin says Russian city Volgograd can become Stalingrad again"</a>. <i>TASS</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TASS&rft.atitle=Putin+says+Russian+city+Volgograd+can+become+Stalingrad+again&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Frussia%2F735173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2012/04/05_a_4125905.shtml">"Волгоград сдался выборам"</a>. <i>www.gazeta.ru</i>. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gazeta.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazeta.ru%2Fpolitics%2F2012%2F04%2F05_a_4125905.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEuropa_Publications2004" class="citation book cs1">Europa Publications (February 26, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q61L0f9r8ioC">"Southern Federal Okrug"</a>. <i>The Territories of the Russian Federation 2004</i>. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781857432480" title="Special:BookSources/9781857432480"><bdi>9781857432480</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2017</span>. <q>The Oblast's administrative center is at Volgograd.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Southern+Federal+Okrug&rft.btitle=The+Territories+of+the+Russian+Federation+2004&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.isbn=9781857432480&rft.au=Europa+Publications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq61L0f9r8ioC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vesti.ru/doc.html?id=319840"><bdi lang="ru">Иванов открыл в Волгограде самый большой мост в Европе</bdi></a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Rossiya_24" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossiya 24">Vesti</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Volgograd%2C+Russia+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D592102%26cityname%3DVolgograd%2C%2BVolgograd%2C%2BRussia%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pogoda-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/34561.htm">"Pogoda.ru.net"</a> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pogoda.ru.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F34561.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weatherbase-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-weatherbase_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=6543&refer=&cityname=Volgograd--West-Southern-Federal-District-Russia&units=">"Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Volgograd, Russia"</a>. Weatherbase<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weatherbase%3A+Historical+Weather+for+Volgograd%2C+Russia&rft.pub=Weatherbase&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweatherall.php3%3Fs%3D6543%26refer%3D%26cityname%3DVolgograd--West-Southern-Federal-District-Russia%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/russia/volgograd/climate">"Climate & Weather Averages in Volgograd, Russia"</a>. <i>Time and Date</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time+and+Date&rft.atitle=Climate+%26+Weather+Averages+in+Volgograd%2C+Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Fweather%2Frussia%2Fvolgograd%2Fclimate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/russia/volgograd-climate">"The climate of Volgograd"</a>. <i>weather atlas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weather+atlas&rft.atitle=The+climate+of+Volgograd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Frussia%2Fvolgograd-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolgograd" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Волгоградский городской Совет народных депутатов. Постановление №20/362 от 29 июня 2005 г. «Устав города-героя Волгограда», в ред. Решения №32/1000 от 15 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений и дополнений в Устав города-героя Волгограда». Вступил в силу 10 марта 2006 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: "Волгоградская газета", №7, 9 марта 2006 г.</span></span> (Volgograd City Council of People's Deputies. Resolution #20/362 of June 29, 2005 <i>Charter of the Hero City of Volgograd</i>, as amended by the Decision #32/1000 of July 15, 2015 <i>On Amending and Supplementing the Charter of the Hero City of Volgograd</i>. Effective as of March 10, 2006 (with the exception of certain clauses).).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Волгоградская областная Дума. Закон №139-ОД от 7 октября 1997 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Волгоградской области», в ред. Закона №107-ОД от 10 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Волгоградской области в связи с приведением их в соответствие с Уставом Волгоградской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волгоградская правда", №207, 1 ноября 1997 г.</span></span> (Volgograd Oblast Duma. Law #139-OD of October 7, 1997 <i>On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Volgograd Oblast</i>, as amended by the Law #107-OD of July 10, 2015 <i>On Amending Various Legislative Acts of Volgograd Oblast to Ensure Compliance with the Charter of Volgograd Oblast</i>. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Волгоградская областная Дума. Закон №1031-ОД от 21 марта 2005 г. «О наделении города-героя Волгограда статусом городского округа и установлении его границ», в ред. Закона №2013-ОД от 22 марта 2010 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Волгоградской области от 21 марта 2005 г. №1031-ОД "О наделении города-героя Волгограда статусом городского округа и установлении его границ"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (22 марта 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Волгоградская правда", №49, 22 марта 2005 г.</span></span> (Volgograd Oblast Duma. Law #1031-OD of March 21, 2005 <i>On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Hero City of Volgograd and on Establishing Its Borders</i>, as amended by the Law #2013-OD of March 22, 2010 <i>On Amending the Law of Volgograd Oblast #1031-OD of March 21, 2005 "On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Hero City of Volgograd and on Establishing Its Borders"</i>. Effective as of the day of the official publication (March 22, 2005).).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Волгоградская городская Дума. Решение №72/2149 от 30 января 2013 г. «Об использовании наименования "город-герой Сталинград"», в ред. Решения №9/200 от 23 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в пункт 1 Порядка использования наименования "город-герой Сталинград", определённого Решением Волгоградской городской Думы от 30.01.2013 No.72/2149 "Об использовании наименования "город-герой Сталинград"». Вступил в силу со дня принятия. Опубликован: "Городские вести. Царицын – Сталинград – Волгоград", #10, 2 февраля 2013 г.</span></span> (Volgograd City Duma. Decision #72/2149 of January 30, 2013 <i>On Using the Name of the "Hero City Stalingrad"</i>, as amended by the Decision #9/200 of December 23, 2013 <i>On Amending Item 1 of the Procedures for Usage of the Name "Hero City Stalingrad", Adopted by the January 30, 2013 Decision #72/2149 of Volgograd City Duma "On Using the Name of the "Hero City Stalingrad"</i>. Effective as of the day of adoption.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Volgograd#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Volgograd">Timeline of Volgograd § Bibliography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Volgograd" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Volgograd">Volgograd</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Volgograd#Q914" class="extiw" title="voy:Volgograd">Volgograd</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volgadmin.ru/">Official website of Volgograd</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Volgograd_Oblast" title="List of rural localities in Volgograd Oblast">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexeyevsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Alexeyevsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Alexeyevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bykovsky_District" title="Bykovsky District">Bykovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernyshkovsky_District" title="Chernyshkovsky District">Chernyshkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilovsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Danilovsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Danilovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubovsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Dubovsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Dubovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frolovsky_District" title="Frolovsky District">Frolovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorodishchensky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Gorodishchensky District, Volgograd Oblast">Gorodishchensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilovlinsky_District" title="Ilovlinsky District">Ilovlinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalachyovsky_District" title="Kalachyovsky District">Kalachyovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamyshinsky_District" title="Kamyshinsky District">Kamyshinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikvidzensky_District" title="Kikvidzensky District">Kikvidzensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kletsky_District" title="Kletsky District">Kletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotelnikovsky_District" title="Kotelnikovsky District">Kotelnikovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotovsky_District" title="Kotovsky District">Kotovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumylzhensky_District" title="Kumylzhensky District">Kumylzhensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leninsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Leninsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Leninsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhaylovsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Mikhaylovsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Mikhaylovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekhayevsky_District" title="Nekhayevsky District">Nekhayevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolayevsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Nikolayevsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Nikolayevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novoanninsky_District" title="Novoanninsky District">Novoanninsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novonikolayevsky_District" title="Novonikolayevsky District">Novonikolayevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktyabrsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Oktyabrsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Oktyabrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olkhovsky_District" title="Olkhovsky District">Olkhovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallasovsky_District" title="Pallasovsky District">Pallasovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudnyansky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Rudnyansky District, Volgograd Oblast">Rudnyansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serafimovichsky_District" title="Serafimovichsky District">Serafimovichsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sredneakhtubinsky_District" title="Sredneakhtubinsky District">Sredneakhtubinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staropoltavsky_District" title="Staropoltavsky District">Staropoltavsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surovikinsky_District" title="Surovikinsky District">Surovikinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetloyarsky_District" title="Svetloyarsky District">Svetloyarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uryupinsky_District" title="Uryupinsky District">Uryupinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelansky_District" title="Yelansky District">Yelansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhirnovsky_District" title="Zhirnovsky District">Zhirnovsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dubovka,_Dubovsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Dubovka, Dubovsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Dubovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frolovo" title="Frolovo">Frolovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalach-na-Donu" title="Kalach-na-Donu">Kalach-na-Donu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamyshin" title="Kamyshin">Kamyshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotelnikovo,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Kotelnikovo, Volgograd Oblast">Kotelnikovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotovo,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Kotovo, Volgograd Oblast">Kotovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoslobodsk,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Krasnoslobodsk, Volgograd Oblast">Krasnoslobodsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leninsk,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Leninsk, Volgograd Oblast">Leninsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhaylovka,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Mikhaylovka, Volgograd Oblast">Mikhaylovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolayevsk" title="Nikolayevsk">Nikolayevsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novoanninsky_(town)" title="Novoanninsky (town)">Novoanninsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallasovka_(town)" title="Pallasovka (town)">Pallasovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Val" title="Petrov Val">Petrov Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serafimovich_(town)" title="Serafimovich (town)">Serafimovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surovikino" title="Surovikino">Surovikino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uryupinsk" title="Uryupinsk">Uryupinsk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Volgograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volzhsky,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Volzhsky, Volgograd Oblast">Volzhsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhirnovsk" title="Zhirnovsk">Zhirnovsk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bykovo,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Bykovo, Volgograd Oblast">Bykovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernyshkovsky_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Chernyshkovsky (urban-type settlement)">Chernyshkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danilovka,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Danilovka, Volgograd Oblast">Danilovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorodishche,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Gorodishche, Volgograd Oblast">Gorodishche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilovlya" title="Ilovlya">Ilovlya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasny_Yar,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Krasny Yar, Volgograd Oblast">Krasny Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyovo,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Linyovo, Volgograd Oblast">Linyovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medveditsky" title="Medveditsky">Medveditsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novonikolayevsky,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Novonikolayevsky, Volgograd Oblast">Novonikolayevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novy_Rogachik" title="Novy Rogachik">Novy Rogachik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktyabrsky,_Oktyabrsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Oktyabrsky, Oktyabrsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Oktyabrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudnya,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Rudnya, Volgograd Oblast">Rudnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebrovo" title="Sebrovo">Sebrovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srednyaya_Akhtuba" title="Srednyaya Akhtuba">Srednyaya Akhtuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetly_Yar,_Svetloyarsky_District,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Svetly Yar, Svetloyarsky District, Volgograd Oblast">Svetly Yar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelan,_Volgograd_Oblast" title="Yelan, Volgograd Oblast">Yelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerzovka" title="Yerzovka">Yerzovka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hero_Cities_of_the_Soviet_Union64" style="padding:3px"><table 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id="Hero_Cities_of_the_Soviet_Union64" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_(Soviet_Union)" title="Hero City (Soviet Union)">Hero Cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Stalingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brest_Fortress" title="Brest Fortress">Brest Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novorossiysk" title="Novorossiysk">Novorossiysk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2492" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2492" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/239459316">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316747717">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1211630/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcR7bYwgV7Yd4HqWPwHmd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079377-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81011156">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119577502">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119577502">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Volgograd (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge311214&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Stalingrad (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge666488&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Caricyn (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge666499&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX457360">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000598082&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007548029005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b4c32e0f-718e-4370-945c-2a859dd69ab2">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027564096">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045057">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&oldid=1280923370">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volgograd&oldid=1280923370</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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