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<span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="محمد أيوب خان (أمير أفغانستان) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد أيوب خان (أمير أفغانستان)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="محمد ایوب خان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="محمد ایوب خان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0)" title="মুহাম্মদ আইয়ুব খান (আফগানিস্তানের আমির) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুহাম্মদ আইয়ুব খান (আফগানিস্তানের আমির)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyub_Khan" title="Ayyub Khan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ayyub Khan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ayub_Khan_(Afghanistan)" title="Mohammed Ayub Khan (Afghanistan) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mohammed Ayub Khan (Afghanistan)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%80_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BD_(%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%91%CF%86%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD)" title="Αγιούμπ Χαν (Εμίρης του Αφγανιστάν) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγιούμπ Χαν (Εμίρης του Αφγανιστάν)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="محمد ایوب خان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمد ایوب خان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyoub_Khan" title="Ayyoub Khan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ayyoub Khan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ayub Khan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%97%27%D7%90%D7%9F,_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="איוב ח'אן, אמיר אפגניסטן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איוב ח'אן, אמיר אפגניסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%B1_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мухаммад Аюб хан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мухаммад Аюб хан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="محمد ايوب خان (الامير من افغانستان) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد ايوب خان (الامير من افغانستان)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ajoeb_Khan" title="Mohammed Ajoeb Khan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mohammed Ajoeb Khan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ayubxon" title="Muhammad Ayubxon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Muhammad Ayubxon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ ਅਯੂਬ ਖਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੁਹੰਮਦ ਅਯੂਬ ਖਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="غازی محمد ایوب خان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="غازی محمد ایوب خان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="غازي محمد ايوب خان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غازي محمد ايوب خان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajub_Chan" title="Ajub Chan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ajub Chan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maom%C3%A9_Aiube_C%C3%A3_(emir)" title="Maomé Aiube Cã (emir) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Maomé Aiube Cã (emir)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%B1-%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мухаммед Аюб-хан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мухаммед Аюб-хан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Aijub_Khan" title="Muhammad Aijub Khan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muhammad Aijub Khan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(afghan)" title="Ayub Khan (afghan) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ayub Khan (afghan)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%8E%D0%B1-%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мухаммед Аюб-хан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мухаммед Аюб-хан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86" title="غازی محمد ایوب خان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="غازی محمد ایوب خان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q983046#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)">Mohammad Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Victor of Maiwand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the name, see <a href="/wiki/Ayub_Khan" title="Ayub Khan">Ayub Khan</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Mohammad Ayub Khan<br /><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">غازي محمد ايوب خان</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i>Emir of Afghanistan</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MohammadAyoubKhan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/MohammadAyoubKhan.jpg/200px-MohammadAyoubKhan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/MohammadAyoubKhan.jpg/300px-MohammadAyoubKhan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/MohammadAyoubKhan.jpg/400px-MohammadAyoubKhan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="648" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><i>Ghazi Mohammad Ayub Khan</i></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Afghanistan#Monarchs" title="List of heads of state of Afghanistan">Emir of Afghanistan</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">12 October 1879 – 31 May 1880</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan" title="Mohammad Yaqub Khan">Mohammad Yaqub Khan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1857<br /><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 April 1914 (aged 56–57)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a><sup id="cite_ref-exile_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exile-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data">1914<br /><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>, British India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sardar Abdul Qadir Khan El-Effendi <p>Sardar Akram Khan </p><p>Sardar Abdul Samad Khan </p><p>Sardar Abdul Aziz Khan </p><p>Sardar Azam Khan </p><p>Sardar Sultan Ahmad Khan </p><p>Sardar Nur Ahmad Khan </p><p>Sardar Sarwar Khan </p><p>Sardar Umar Khan </p><p>Sardar Abdul Rashid Khan </p><p>Sardar Akbar Khan </p> Sardar Abdur Rahman Khan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Mohammad Ayub Khan</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barakzai_(tribes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barakzai (tribes)">Barakzai dynasty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohmand" title="Mohmand">Momand</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ghazi Mohammad Ayub Khan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>: <span lang="ps" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">غازي محمد ايوب خان</span></span> ; <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a>: <span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">غازی محمد ایوب خان</span></span></span>) (1857 – 7 April 1914) also known as <b>the Victor of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Maiwand</a></b> or the Afghan <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Prince Charlie</a> was, for a while, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Herat_Province" title="Herat Province">Herat Province</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a>. He was briefly the Emir of Afghanistan, from 12 October 1879 to 31 May 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also led the Afghan troops during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a> and defeated the British Indian Army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Battle of Maiwand</a>. Following his defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(1880)" title="Battle of Kandahar (1880)">Battle of Kandahar</a>, Ayub Khan was deposed and exiled to British India. However, Ayub Khan fled to <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Persia</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>). After negotiations in 1888 with Sir <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Durand" title="Mortimer Durand">Mortimer Durand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ambassadors_from_the_United_Kingdom_to_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Iran">United Kingdom's ambassador at Tehran</a>, Ayub Khan became a <a href="/wiki/Pensioner" title="Pensioner">pensioner</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> and traveled to British India in 1888, where he lived in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, until his death in 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-exile_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exile-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> and had eleven wives, fifteen sons, and ten daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-cities_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cities-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of his grandsons, Sardar Hissam Mahmud el-Effendi and Sardar Muhammad Ismail Khan, served as <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">brigadiers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ET-15-07-2021_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-15-07-2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grandson1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandson1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grandson4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandson4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grandson3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandson3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Afghanistan, he is remembered as the "National Hero of Afghanistan."<sup id="cite_ref-cities_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cities-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Khan was born into a <a href="/wiki/Pashtun" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun">Pashtun</a> family. His father was <a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a> and his mother was the daughter of an influential <a href="/wiki/Mohmand" title="Mohmand">Mohmand</a> chief of Lalpura, Saadat Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother was <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan" title="Mohammad Yaqub Khan">Mohammad Yaqub Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Anglo-Afghan_war">Second Anglo-Afghan war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Second Anglo-Afghan war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the second Anglo-Afghan war, Afghans under the command of Ayub Khan <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">clashed with Anglo-Indian troops at Maiwand</a> on 27 July 1880 and emerged victorious.<sup id="cite_ref-ET-15-07-2021_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-15-07-2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Afghan victory at Maiwand was strategically significant for Afghanistan as it saved the country from getting dismembered by Britain, and saved <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> from a permanent British occupation. The defeat at Maiwand also compelled the British to withdraw from Qandahar. After the battle, the Afghans buried the dead Anglo-Indian soldiers and erected a monument in their honor and memory.<sup id="cite_ref-ET-15-07-2021_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-15-07-2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ayub Khan later went on to besiege the better equipped British forces at <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> but did not succeed. On 1 September, 1880, he was defeated and routed by forces led by <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Frederick Roberts</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(1880)" title="Battle of Kandahar (1880)">Battle of Kandahar</a>, which saw the end of the Second Anglo-Afghan War.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_second_Anglo-Afghan_war">After second Anglo-Afghan war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After second Anglo-Afghan war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A year later, Ayub again tried to take Kandahar, this time from <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Afghanistan">Amir</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a>, but again failed. </p> <dl><dd>"Ayub Khan had an opportunity of realizing his strength as an independent ruler in Afghanistan. Certain tribes in Kushk district having revolted, he desired to send a force from Herat to punish them; but when he asked his men to march, they refused, because he had not paid them for a long time."</dd> <dd>From <i>The Twillingate Sun</i>, Thursday, 3 February 1881.</dd></dl> <p>He escaped to <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Persia</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>). After negotiations in 1888 with Sir <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Durand" title="Mortimer Durand">Mortimer Durand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ambassadors_from_the_United_Kingdom_to_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Iran">ambassador at Tehran</a>, Ayub Khan became a <a href="/wiki/Pensioner" title="Pensioner">pensioner</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Political_officer_(British_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Political officer (British Empire)">political officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Evans-Gordon" title="William Evans-Gordon">William Evans-Gordon</a>, took charge of him on his arrival in India and escorted him with his entourage from <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkeltonBulloch1912395_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESkeltonBulloch1912395-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lived in India until his death in 1914. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He died in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> in 1914<sup id="cite_ref-exile_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exile-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is buried in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a> of Sheikh Habib at Durrani graveyard in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>, Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-cities_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cities-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy">Legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Afghanistan, he is remembered as the "National Hero of Afghanistan." He had eleven wives, fifteen sons, and ten daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-cities_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cities-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of his descendants have served in various capacities in Pakistan. Two of his grandsons, Sardar Hissam Mahmud el-Effendi and Sardar Muhammad Ismail Khan, served with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ET-15-07-2021_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ET-15-07-2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sardar_Hissam_Mahmud_el-Effendi">Sardar Hissam Mahmud el-Effendi</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sardar Hissam Mahmud el-Effendi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sardar Hissam Mahmud el-Effendi was a grandson of Ayub Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grandson1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandson1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of Sardar Muhammad Abdul Qadir Khan el-Effendi (born in Iraq, 1888 and died in 1976), the first son of Ayub Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-grandson4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandson4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He completed his education at <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Indian_Military_College" title="Rashtriya Indian Military College">Rashtriya Indian Military College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dehra_Dun" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehra Dun">Dehra Dun</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> and was commissioned as <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a> on 15 July, 1939 in the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a>. He fought in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and was initially posted in <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North Africa</a>. El-Effendi was captured when his <a href="/wiki/11th_Cavalry_(Frontier_Force)" title="11th Cavalry (Frontier Force)">11th Prince Albert Victor's Own Cavalry (PAVO)</a> was overrun by German <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Korps" title="Afrika Korps">Afrika Korps</a>, but managed to escape and rejoin his regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-grandson1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandson1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, he fought in the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Burma Campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grandson3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandson3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the independence of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, Hissam Mahmud el-Effendi opted to join Pakistan and served as a <a href="/wiki/Brigadier" title="Brigadier">Brigadier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grandson3_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandson3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After retiring from the military, he became a <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a> player and organised Pakistani polo for over twenty years, with leading teams invited to play from abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-grandson1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grandson1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in August 1983 in Lahore, and had two sons.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> One of his sons, Sardar Azmarai Javaid Hissam el-Effendi, was a professional polo player. He also coached the Pakistani polo team from 2003 to 2007 and was awarded <a href="/wiki/Tamgha-e-Imtiaz" title="Tamgha-e-Imtiaz">Tamgha-e-Imtiaz</a> in 1996 by the government of Pakistan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayub_Khan_(Emir_of_Afghanistan)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-exile-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exile_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exile_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exile_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDupree2014" class="citation book cs1">Dupree, Louis (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yvr_AwAAQBAJ&q=Victor+of+maiwand+traveled+to+India+in+1888%2C+accepted+the+usual+british+pension"><i>Afghanistan</i></a>. Princeton University Press. p. 418. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400858910" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400858910"><bdi>978-1400858910</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghanistan&rft.pages=418&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1400858910&rft.aulast=Dupree&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyvr_AwAAQBAJ%26q%3DVictor%2Bof%2Bmaiwand%2Btraveled%2Bto%2BIndia%2Bin%2B1888%252C%2Baccepted%2Bthe%2Busual%2Bbritish%2Bpension&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamid" class="citation web cs1">Hamid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120327153153/http://www.afghanistantourism.net/215/afghanistan-history/afghanistan-monarchs/">"Afghanistan Monarchs"</a>. afghanistantourism.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afghanistantourism.net/215/afghanistan-history/afghanistan-monarchs/">the original</a> on 2012-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Afghanistan+Monarchs&rft.pub=afghanistantourism.net&rft.au=Hamid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afghanistantourism.net%2F215%2Fafghanistan-history%2Fafghanistan-monarchs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahid_Momand" class="citation web cs1">Wahid Momand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110709141554/http://www.afghanland.com/history/leaders/leaders.html">"Leaders"</a>. Afghanland.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afghanland.com/history/leaders/leaders.html">the original</a> on 2011-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leaders&rft.pub=Afghanland.com&rft.au=Wahid+Momand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafghanland.com%2Fhistory%2Fleaders%2Fleaders.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cities-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cities_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cities_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cities_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cities_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvarious" class="citation web cs1">various. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Peshawar.aspx">"Cities"</a>. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cities&rft.pub=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia%2C+6th+ed.&rft.au=various&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Ftopic%2FPeshawar.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ET-15-07-2021-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ET-15-07-2021_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ET-15-07-2021_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ET-15-07-2021_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ET-15-07-2021_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arwin Rahi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/article/97429/the-legacy-of-sardar-mohammad-ayub-khan-the-victor-of-maiwand">The legacy of Sardar Mohammad Ayub Khan – The Victor of Maiwand</a>. Express Tribune. 15 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210715163141/https://tribune.com.pk/article/97429/the-legacy-of-sardar-mohammad-ayub-khan-the-victor-of-maiwand">Archived version</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grandson1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grandson1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grandson1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grandson1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grandson1_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefridaytimes.com/when-the-pakistan-army-polo-team-went-to-india-in-1955/">"When the Pakistan Army Polo Team went to India in 1955"</a>. <i>The Friday Times</i>. 15 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191229085748/https://www.thefridaytimes.com/when-the-pakistan-army-polo-team-went-to-india-in-1955/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2019. <q>The unmistakable figure next to Sher Ali is Brigadier Sardar H.M. el-Effendi. He was of Afghan ancestry, the grandson of Sardar Ayub Khan, who defeated the British at the Battle of Maiwand in 1880, during the second Anglo-Afghan war</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Friday+Times&rft.atitle=When+the+Pakistan+Army+Polo+Team+went+to+India+in+1955&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefridaytimes.com%2Fwhen-the-pakistan-army-polo-team-went-to-india-in-1955%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grandson4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grandson4_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grandson4_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._Y._Effendi2007" class="citation book cs1">M. Y. Effendi (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MeXeAAAAMAAJ&q=Sardar+Hissam+Effendi"><i>Punjab Cavalry Evolution, Role, Organisation, and Tactical Doctrine 11 Cavalry (Frontier Force) 1849-1974</i></a>. Oxford University Press Pakistan. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195472035" title="Special:BookSources/9780195472035"><bdi>9780195472035</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Punjab+Cavalry+Evolution%2C+Role%2C+Organisation%2C+and+Tactical+Doctrine+11+Cavalry+%28Frontier+Force%29+1849-1974&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+Pakistan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780195472035&rft.au=M.+Y.+Effendi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMeXeAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DSardar%2BHissam%2BEffendi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grandson3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grandson3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grandson3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grandson3_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefridaytimes.com/prisoners-of-aversa/">"Prisoners of Aversa"</a>. <i>The Friday Times</i>. 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Friday+Times&rft.atitle=Prisoners+of+Aversa&rft.date=2019-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefridaytimes.com%2Fprisoners-of-aversa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Conflict in Afghanistan:A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+in+Afghanistan%3AA+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESkeltonBulloch1912395-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESkeltonBulloch1912395_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSkeltonBulloch1912">Skelton & Bulloch 1912</a>, p. 395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.criterion-quarterly.com/sahabzada-yaqub-khan-of-pakistan-1920-2016/">"Sahabzada Yaqub-Khan Of Pakistan (1920–2016)"</a>. <i>Criterion Quarterly</i>. 7 September 2016. <q>Lieutenant Sardar Hissamuddin Mahmud El-Effendi, a scion of the Afghan royal family, was assigned to the 11th PAVO Cavalry.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Criterion+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Sahabzada+Yaqub-Khan+Of+Pakistan+%281920%E2%80%932016%29&rft.date=2016-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.criterion-quarterly.com%2Fsahabzada-yaqub-khan-of-pakistan-1920-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkeltonBulloch1912" class="citation book cs1">Skelton, Constance Oliver; Bulloch, John Malcolm (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/gordonsunderarms00skelrich#page/394/mode/2up"><i>Gordons under Arms: A Biographical Muster Roll of Officers named Gordon in the Navies and Armies of Britain, Europe, America and in the Jacobite Risings</i></a>. Aberdeen University Studies No. 59. Aberdeen: Printed for the University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gordons+under+Arms%3A+A+Biographical+Muster+Roll+of+Officers+named+Gordon+in+the+Navies+and+Armies+of+Britain%2C+Europe%2C+America+and+in+the+Jacobite+Risings&rft.place=Aberdeen&rft.series=Aberdeen+University+Studies+No.+59&rft.pub=Printed+for+the+University&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Skelton&rft.aufirst=Constance+Oliver&rft.au=Bulloch%2C+John+Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgordonsunderarms00skelrich%23page%2F394%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Attribution</dt></dl> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ayub Khan"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ayub_Khan">"Ayub Khan" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ayub+Khan&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAyub+Khan+%28Emir+of+Afghanistan%29" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ayub_Khan_(Afghan_prince)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ayub Khan (Afghan prince)">Ayub Khan (Afghan prince)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan" title="Mohammad Yaqub Khan">Yaqub Khan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Barakzai dynasty</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of leaders of Afghanistan">Emir of Afghanistan</a> </b><br />12 October 1879 – 31 May 1880 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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state of Afghanistan">Monarchs of Afghanistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Black_flag.svg/23px-Black_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Black_flag.svg/35px-Black_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Black_flag.svg/46px-Black_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hotak_dynasty" title="Hotak dynasty">Hotak Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirwais_Hotak" title="Mirwais Hotak">Mirwais Hotak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_Hotak" title="Abdul Aziz Hotak">Abdul Aziz Hotak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hotak" title="Mahmud Hotak">Mahmud Hotak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Hotak" title="Ashraf Hotak">Ashraf Hotak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Hotak" title="Hussain Hotak">Hussain Hotak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg/23px-Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg/35px-Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg/45px-Flag_of_Herat_until_1842.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timur_Shah_Durrani" title="Timur Shah Durrani">Timur Shah Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaman_Shah_Durrani" title="Zaman Shah Durrani">Zaman Shah Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_Durrani" title="Mahmud Shah Durrani">Mahmud Shah Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Shujah_Durrani" title="Shah Shujah Durrani">Shah Shujah Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shah_Durrani" title="Ali Shah Durrani">Ali Shah Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Shah_Durrani" title="Ayub Shah Durrani">Ayub Shah Durrani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281919%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Barakzai Emirate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mohammad_Khan" title="Sultan Mohammad Khan">Sultan Mohammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan" title="Dost Mohammad Khan">Dost Mohammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Akbar_Khan" title="Wazir Akbar Khan">Akbar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Sher Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Afzal_Khan" title="Mohammad Afzal Khan">Mohammad Afzal Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Azam_Khan" title="Mohammad Azam Khan">Mohammad Azam Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yaqub_Khan" title="Mohammad Yaqub Khan">Mohammad Yaqub Khan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ayub Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habibullah_Khan" title="Habibullah Khan">Habibullah Khan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jehandad_Khan" title="Jehandad Khan">Jehandad Khan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasrullah_Khan_(Afghanistan)" title="Nasrullah Khan (Afghanistan)">Nasrullah Khan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Barakzai Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abd-al_Karim" title="Abd-al Karim">Abd-al Karim</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan" title="Inayatullah Khan">Inayatullah Khan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281929%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281929%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281929%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281929%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281929%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281929%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Emirate of Afghanistan (1929)">Saqqawist Emirate</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(unrecognized)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habibull%C4%81h_Kalak%C4%81ni" title="Habibullāh Kalakāni">Habibullāh Kalakāni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281931%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Barakzai Kingdom</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(restored)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Nadir_Shah" title="Mohammad Nadir Shah">Mohammad Nadir Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Zahir_Shah" title="Mohammad Zahir Shah">Mohammad Zahir Shah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salemai" title="Salemai">Salemai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicates localized rebel monarchs</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anglo-Afghan_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglo-Afghan_Wars" title="Template:Anglo-Afghan Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anglo-Afghan_Wars" title="Template talk:Anglo-Afghan Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anglo-Afghan_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anglo-Afghan Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anglo-Afghan_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Anglo-Afghan War">Anglo-Afghan War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hay_Macnaghten" title="William Hay Macnaghten">William Hay Macnaghten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keane,_1st_Baron_Keane" title="John Keane, 1st Baron Keane">John Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willoughby_Cotton" title="Willoughby Cotton">Willoughby Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Pollock,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Pollock, 1st Baronet">George Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_George_Keith_Elphinstone" title="William George Keith Elphinstone">William Elphinstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Browne" title="Sam Browne">Sam Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Frederick Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Donald_Stewart,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Donald Stewart, 1st Baronet">Donald Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Barrett_(Indian_Army_officer)" title="Arthur Barrett (Indian Army officer)">Arthur Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Dyer" title="Reginald Dyer">Reginald Dyer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan" title="Dost Mohammad Khan">Amir Dost Mohammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Akbar_Khan" title="Wazir Akbar Khan">Wazir Akbar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Ali_Khan" title="Sher Ali Khan">Amir Sher Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ghazi Ayub Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Nadir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Nadir Shah">Mohammed Nadir Shah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Afghanistan portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ghazni" title="Battle of Ghazni">Battle of Ghazni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kahun" title="Siege of Kahun">Siege of Kahun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jellalabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jellalabad">Battle of Jellalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1842_retreat_from_Kabul" title="1842 retreat from Kabul">Retreat from Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul_Expedition_(1842)" title="Kabul Expedition (1842)">Battle of Kabul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ali_Masjid" title="Battle of Ali Masjid">Battle of Ali Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peiwar_Kotal" title="Battle of Peiwar Kotal">Battle of Peiwar Kotal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_British_Residency_in_Kabul" title="Siege of the British Residency in Kabul">Siege of the British Residency in Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Charasiab" title="Battle of Charasiab">Battle of Charasiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Sherpur_Cantonment" title="Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment">Siege of the Sherpur Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ahmed_Khel" title="Battle of Ahmed Khel">Battle of Ahmed Khel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Charasiab" title="Second Battle of Charasiab">Second Battle of Charasiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Battle of Maiwand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kandahar_(1880)" title="Battle of Kandahar (1880)">Battle of Kandahar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">European influence in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Game" title="Great Game">Great Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Game:_Afghanistan" title="The Great Game: Afghanistan">The Great Game: Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malalai_of_Maiwand" title="Malalai of Maiwand">Malalai of Maiwand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_Medal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Afghanistan Medal (United Kingdom)">Afghanistan Medal (United Kingdom)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Anglo-Afghan_Wars" title="Category:Anglo-Afghan Wars">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Afghan_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Anglo-Afghan War">Multimedia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pashtun-related_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pashtun" title="Template:Pashtun"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pashtun" title="Template talk:Pashtun"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pashtun" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pashtun"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pashtun-related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a>-related topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pashtun_empires_and_dynasties" title="List of Pashtun empires and dynasties">Dynasties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Empire" title="Sur Empire">Suri dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotak_dynasty" title="Hotak dynasty">Hotak dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_dynasty" title="Durrani dynasty">Durrani dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Barakzai dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Khalji" title="Alauddin Khalji">Alauddin Khilji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahlul_Khan_Lodi" title="Bahlul Khan Lodi">Bahlul Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malak_Ahmad_Khan_Yusufzai" title="Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai">Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Khan_Lodi" title="Ibrahim Khan Lodi">Ibrahim Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaju_Khan" title="Gaju Khan">Gaju Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Shah_Suri" title="Sher Shah Suri">Sher Shah Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalu_Khan_Yousafzai" title="Kalu Khan Yousafzai">Kalu Khan Yusufzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimal_Khan_Mohmand" title="Aimal Khan Mohmand">Aimal Khan Mohmand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darya_Khan_Afridi" title="Darya Khan Afridi">Darya Khan Afridi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirwais_Hotak" title="Mirwais Hotak">Mirwais Hotak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hotak" title="Mahmud Hotak">Mahmud Hotak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_ad-Dawlah" title="Najib ad-Dawlah">Najib Khan Yousafzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan" title="Dost Mohammad Khan">Dost Mohammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Akbar_Khan" title="Wazir Akbar Khan">Wazir Akbar Khan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Victor of Maiwand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malalai_of_Maiwand" title="Malalai of Maiwand">Malalai of Maiwand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saidu_Baba" title="Saidu Baba">Saidu Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Khan" title="Abdur Rahman Khan">Abdur Rahman Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Tarzi" title="Mahmud Tarzi">Mahmud Tarzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soraya_Tarzi" title="Soraya Tarzi">Soraya Tarzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanullah_Khan" title="Amanullah Khan">Amanullah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Nadir_Shah" title="Mohammad Nadir Shah">Nadir Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_Powinda" title="Mulla Powinda">Mulla Powinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Bacha Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartor_Faqir" title="Sartor Faqir">Sartor Faqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umra_Khan" title="Umra Khan">Umra Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqir_of_Ipi" title="Faqir of Ipi">Faqir of Ipi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Samad_Khan_Achakzai" title="Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai">Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wali_Khan" title="Abdul Wali Khan">Wali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Zahir_Shah" title="Mohammad Zahir Shah">Zahir Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Daoud_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Daoud Khan">Daoud Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ahad_Momand" title="Abdul Ahad Momand">Abdul Ahad Momand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Najibullah" title="Mohammad Najibullah">Mohammad Najibullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah_Omar" title="Mullah Omar">Mohammed Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">Hamid Karzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ashraf_Ghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Ashraf Ghani">Ashraf Ghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arfa_Siddiq" title="Arfa Siddiq">Arfa Siddiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malalai_Kakar" title="Malalai Kakar">Malalai Kakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzoor_Pashteen" title="Manzoor Pashteen">Manzoor Pashteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Wazir" title="Ali Wazir">Ali Wazir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_culture" title="Pashtun culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_culture" title="Pashtun culture">Pashtun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Pashtun cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunwali" title="Pashtunwali">Pashtunwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunization" title="Pashtunization">Pashtunization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_colonization_of_northern_Afghanistan" title="Pashtun colonization of northern Afghanistan">northern Afghanistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_clothing" title="Pashtun clothing">Pashtun clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_media" title="Pashto media">Pashto media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pashto-language_singers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Pashto-language singers">Pashto singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_tribes" title="Pashtun tribes">Pashtun tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loya_jirga" class="mw-redirect" title="Loya jirga">Loya jirga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Khan_and_Durkhani" title="Adam Khan and Durkhani">Adam Khan and Durkhani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Khan_and_Sherbano" title="Yusuf Khan and Sherbano">Yusuf Khan and Sherbano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirga" title="Jirga">Jirga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pashto-language_poets" title="List of Pashto-language poets">Poets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Kror_Suri" title="Amir Kror Suri">Amir Kror Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Roshan" title="Pir Roshan">Pir Roshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahman_Baba" title="Rahman Baba">Rahman Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Khattak" title="Khushal Khattak">Khushal Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazo_Tokhi" title="Nazo Tokhi">Nazo Tokhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Baba" title="Abdul Hamid Baba">Abdul Hamid Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Hotak" title="Hussain Hotak">Hussain Hotak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Shinwari" title="Hamza Shinwari">Hamza Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajmal_Khattak" title="Ajmal Khattak">Ajmal Khattak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir_Stori" title="Kabir Stori">Kabir Stori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Abdul_Ghani_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Abdul Ghani Khan">Ghani Khan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Citizens' groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Tahafuz_Movement" title="Pashtun Tahafuz Movement">Pashtun Tahafuz Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Peace_Movement_(Afghanistan)" title="People's Peace Movement (Afghanistan)">People's Peace Movement</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious-military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics and<br />controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_nationalism" title="Pashtun nationalism">Pashtun nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_(ethnonym)" title="Afghan (ethnonym)">Afghan (ethnonym)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannu_Resolution" title="Bannu Resolution">Bannu Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalabagh_Dam" title="Kalabagh Dam">Kalabagh Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Anti-Pashtun sentiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles and<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Panipat" title="First Battle of Panipat">First Battle of Panipat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chausa" title="Battle of Chausa">Battle of Chausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Malandari_Pass_(1586)" title="Battle of the Malandari Pass (1586)">Malandari Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gulnabad" title="Battle of Gulnabad">Battle of Gulnabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Third Battle of Panipat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nowshera" title="Battle of Nowshera">Battle of Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jamrud" title="Battle of Jamrud">Battle of Jamrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Herat_War" title="First Herat War">Herat War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambela_campaign" title="Ambela campaign">Ambela Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maiwand" title="Battle of Maiwand">Battle of Maiwand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirah_campaign" title="Tirah campaign">Tirah campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malakand" title="Siege of Malakand">Siege of Malakand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Afghan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1928%E2%80%931929)" title="Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Waziristan campaign (1919–1920)">Waziristan campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waziristan_campaign_(1936%E2%80%931939)" title="Waziristan campaign (1936–1939)">Second Waziristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohmand_campaign_of_1935" title="Mohmand campaign of 1935">Mohmand campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_tribal_revolts_of_1944%E2%80%931947" title="Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947">Tribal revolts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_North-West_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="War in North-West Pakistan">War in North-West Pakistan</a></li></ul> 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