CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ujjain - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4840937a-8101-4484-be9c-5e2100733fc4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ujjain","wgTitle":"Ujjain","wgCurRevisionId":1259676154,"wgRevisionId":1259676154,"wgArticleId":901117,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","Webarchive template wayback links","Use dmy dates from April 2015","Use Indian English from June 2016","All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Coordinates on Wikidata","Pages including recorded pronunciations", "Pages with Hindi IPA","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Ujjain","Malwa","Hindu holy cities","Hindu pilgrimage sites in India","Populated places along the Silk Road","Cities in Malwa","Former capital cities in India","Ancient Indian cities","Cities in Madhya Pradesh","Smart cities in India"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ujjain","wgRelevantArticleId":901117,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample": false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":23.17,"lon":75.79},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q200119","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Mahakal_temple.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1886"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Mahakal_temple.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1258"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1006"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ujjain - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ujjain rootpage-Ujjain skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ujjain" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ujjain" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ujjain" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ujjain" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistoric_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoric_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistoric era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoric_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ancient period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Medieval period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_jurisdiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_jurisdiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government and jurisdiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_jurisdiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>University</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_Colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_Colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Medical Colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_Colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engineering_Colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineering_Colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Engineering Colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineering_Colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3.1</span> <span>Local transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smart_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smart_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Smart city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smart_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ujjain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="أوجاين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوجاين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اوجائین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوجائین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="উজ্জয়িনী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উজ্জয়িনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Ujjain (siâⁿ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ujjain (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="उज्जैन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="उज्जैन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain_(lungsod)" title="Ujjain (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ujjain (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ud%C5%BEd%C5%BEain" title="Udždžain – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Udždžain" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%9D%C4%9Den" title="Uĝĝen – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Uĝĝen" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اوجائین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوجائین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%88%E0%AA%A8" title="ઉજ્જૈન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઉજ્જૈન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="उज्जैन – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="उज्जैन" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%B8" title="우자인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우자인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="उज्जैन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उज्जैन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A8" title="উজ্জৈন – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="উজ্জৈন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אוג'יין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוג'יין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಉಜ್ಜೆಯನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಜ್ಜೆಯನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="უჯაინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უჯაინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ud%C5%BEainas" title="Udžainas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Udžainas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uddzsa%C3%ADn" title="Uddzsaín – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Uddzsaín" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="उज्जैन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="उज्जैन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഉജ്ജയിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉജ്ജയിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="उज्जैन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उज्जैन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="مدينه اوجاين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه اوجاين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain_(stad)" title="Ujjain (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ujjain (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8" title="उज्जैन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="उज्जैन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ウッジャイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウッジャイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%80" title="ଉଜ୍ଜୟିନୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଜ୍ଜୟିନୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjayn" title="Ujjayn – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ujjayn" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8" title="ਉੱਜੈਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੱਜੈਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اجین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اجین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%90%D9%86" title="اوجېن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوجېن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujaim" title="Ujaim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ujaim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Удджайн – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Удджайн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="उज्जयिनी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="उज्जयिनी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱩᱡᱽᱡᱮᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱩᱡᱽᱡᱮᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uxhaini" title="Uxhaini – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uxhaini" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%9F%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Уџајин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Уџајин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="உஜ்ஜைன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உஜ்ஜைன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Уджджайн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Уджджайн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="ఉజ్జయిని – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉజ్జయిని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" title="อุชเชน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุชเชน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Удджайн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Удджайн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اوجین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوجین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ujjain" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E8%B4%BE%E5%9B%A0" title="乌贾因 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乌贾因" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E8%B4%BE%E5%9B%A0" title="乌贾因 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌贾因" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q200119#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ujjain" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ujjain"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ujjain"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ujjain" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ujjain" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&oldid=1259676154" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ujjain&id=1259676154&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUjjain"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUjjain"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ujjain&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ujjain" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ujjain" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ujjain" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q200119" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ujjain&params=23.17_N_75.79_E_type:city_region:IN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">75°47′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.17°N 75.79°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.17; 75.79</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the municipality in Madhya Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjain District">Ujjain District</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Madhya Pradesh, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Ujjain</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Ujjayinī / Avantikā</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:287px;max-width:287px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:285px;max-width:285px"><div style=";height:62px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram_chat.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ram_chat.JPG/283px-Ram_chat.JPG" decoding="async" width="283" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ram_chat.JPG/425px-Ram_chat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ram_chat.JPG/566px-Ram_chat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Ram Ghat</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div style=";height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahakal_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mahakal_temple.jpg/128px-Mahakal_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mahakal_temple.jpg/192px-Mahakal_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mahakal_temple.jpg/256px-Mahakal_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="885" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahakaleshwar Temple">Mahakaleshwar Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:153px;max-width:153px"><div style=";height:201px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UjjainTower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/UjjainTower.jpg/151px-UjjainTower.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/UjjainTower.jpg/227px-UjjainTower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/UjjainTower.jpg/302px-UjjainTower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Tower Chowk</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div style=";height:128px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shipra_River,_Ujjain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Shipra_River%2C_Ujjain.jpg/193px-Shipra_River%2C_Ujjain.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Shipra_River%2C_Ujjain.jpg/290px-Shipra_River%2C_Ujjain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Shipra_River%2C_Ujjain.jpg/386px-Shipra_River%2C_Ujjain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5027" data-file-height="3351" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Shipra River</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:88px;max-width:88px"><div style=";height:128px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kal_Bhairav_Ujjain_-_Deepmalika.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kal_Bhairav_Ujjain_-_Deepmalika.jpg/86px-Kal_Bhairav_Ujjain_-_Deepmalika.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kal_Bhairav_Ujjain_-_Deepmalika.jpg/129px-Kal_Bhairav_Ujjain_-_Deepmalika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kal_Bhairav_Ujjain_-_Deepmalika.jpg/172px-Kal_Bhairav_Ujjain_-_Deepmalika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4012" data-file-height="6028" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Deepmalika</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The City of Temples</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Madhya_Pradesh_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ujjain is located in Madhya Pradesh"><img alt="Ujjain is located in Madhya Pradesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Madhya_Pradesh_location_map.svg/250px-Madhya_Pradesh_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Madhya_Pradesh_location_map.svg/375px-Madhya_Pradesh_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Madhya_Pradesh_location_map.svg/500px-Madhya_Pradesh_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="956" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.187%;left:26.162%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ujjain"><img alt="Ujjain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ujjain</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in India</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Madhya Pradesh</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ujjain is located in India"><img alt="Ujjain is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/250px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/375px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/500px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.092%;left:27.469%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ujjain"><img alt="Ujjain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ujjain</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Ujjain (India)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of India</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ujjain&params=23.17_N_75.79_E_type:city_region:IN"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">75°47′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.17°N 75.79°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.17; 75.79</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Emblem_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg/15px-Emblem_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Emblem_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg/23px-Emblem_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Emblem_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg/30px-Emblem_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="61" data-file-height="61" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of India">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_district" title="Ujjain district">Ujjain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Municipal corporation</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Municipal_Corporation" title="Ujjain Municipal Corporation">Ujjain Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Mukesh Tatwal (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • MP</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anil_Firojiya" title="Anil Firojiya">Anil Firojiya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Commissioner_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Commissioner (India)">Municipal Commissioner</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Shri Ashish Singh, IAS</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">151.83 km<sup>2</sup> (58.62 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">745 km<sup>2</sup> (288 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">5th in M.P.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">494 m (1,621 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">515,215<sup id="cite_ref-2011_table_2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_table_2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">5th in M.P.</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,400/km<sup>2</sup> (8,800/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">885,566</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Other</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malvi_language" title="Malvi language">Malvi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">456001, 456003, 456006, 456010, 456661, 456664.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone code</th><td class="infobox-data">0734</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">MP-13</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Climatic_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Climatic regions of India">Cwa</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">Precipitation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">900 millimetres (35 in)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Avg. annual temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">24.0 °C (75.2 °F)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Avg. summer temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">31 °C (88 °F)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Avg. winter temperature</th><td class="infobox-data">17 °C (63 °F)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ujjain.nic.in">ujjain<wbr />.nic<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ujjain</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c1\/Ujjain.ogg\/Ujjain.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ujjain.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/Ujjain.ogg/Ujjain.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ujjain.ogg" title="File:Ujjain.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hindi:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ʊd͡ːʒɛːn]</a></span>, old name <b>Avantika,</b> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hindi:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[əʋən̪t̪ɪkaː]</a></span>) or <b>Ujjayinī</b> is a city in <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_district" title="Ujjain district">Ujjain district</a> of the <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>. It is the fifth-largest city in Madhya Pradesh by population and is the <a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">administrative</a> centre of Ujjain district and <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_division" title="Ujjain division">Ujjain division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-census_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the Hindu pilgrimage centres of <a href="/wiki/Sapta_Puri" title="Sapta Puri">Sapta Puri</a> famous for the <i><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">(Simhastha)</a> held there every 12 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Simhasth_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simhasth-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The famous temple of <a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Jyotirlinga" title="Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga">Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga</a> is located in the center of the city. The city has been one of the most prominent trade and political centres of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a> from the time of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Mahajanapadas" title="Mahajanapadas">Mahājanapadas</a> until the British colonisation of India. </p><p>An ancient city situated on the eastern bank of the <a href="/wiki/Shipra_River" title="Shipra River">Shipra River</a>, Ujjain was the most prominent city on the <a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a> plateau of central India for much of its history. It emerged as the political centre of central India around 600 BCE. It was the capital of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Avanti_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avanti (India)">Avanti</a> kingdom, one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas. During the 18th century, the city briefly became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Scindia_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Scindia Dynasty">Scindia state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Confederacy" title="Maratha Confederacy">Maratha Confederacy</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Ranoji_Scindia" title="Ranoji Scindia">Ranoji Scindia</a> established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. It remained an important political, commercial, and cultural centre of <a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central India</a> until the early 19th century, when the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a> administrators decided to develop <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a> as an alternative to it. Ujjain continues to be an important place of pilgrimage for <a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sahaja_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sahaja-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bathing in the holy Shipra river of Ujjain liberates one from sins. Therefore, Ujjain is also called the 'Mokshadayini city'. The name of this river is taken among the holy rivers like Kaveri, Narmada, <a href="/wiki/Godavari_River" title="Godavari River">Godavari</a> and Krishna. </p><p>According to Puranic legend, Ujjain, along with <a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Prayag</a>, is one of four sites where drops of <i><a href="/wiki/Amrita" title="Amrita">amrita</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the elixir of immortality, accidentally spilled over from a <i><a href="/wiki/Kumbha" title="Kumbha">kumbha</a></i> (pitcher) while being carried by the celestial bird <a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a> during the <i><a href="/wiki/Samudra_manthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samudra manthan">Samudra Manthana</a></i>, or the churning of the ocean of milk. </p><p>Ujjain has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a <a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">smart city</a> under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>'s flagship <a href="/wiki/Smart_Cities_Mission" title="Smart Cities Mission">Smart Cities Mission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoric_era">Prehistoric era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistoric era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Excavations at <a href="/wiki/Kaytha" title="Kaytha">Kayatha</a> (around 26 km from Ujjain) have revealed <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> agricultural settlements dating to around 2000 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-PKB_2012_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PKB_2012-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chalcolithic sites have also been discovered at other areas around Ujjain, including <a href="/wiki/Nagda" title="Nagda">Nagda</a>, but excavations at Ujjain itself have not revealed any Chalcolithic settlements. Archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Hasmukh_Dhirajlal_Sankalia" title="Hasmukh Dhirajlal Sankalia">H. D. Sankalia</a> theorised that the Chalcolithic settlements at Ujjain were probably destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPranab_Kumar_Bhattacharyya19771–2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPranab_Kumar_Bhattacharyya19771–2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kulke" title="Hermann Kulke">Hermann Kulke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Rothermund" title="Dietmar Rothermund">Dietmar Rothermund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avanti_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avanti (India)">Avanti</a>, whose capital was Ujjain, "was one of the earliest outposts in central India" and showed signs of early incipient urbanisation around 700 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 600 BCE, Ujjain emerged as the political, Commercial, and cultural centre of <a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a> plateau.<sup id="cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trudy_2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient walled city of Ujjain was located around the Garh Kalika hill on the bank of the river Kshipra, in the present-day suburban areas of the Ujjain city. This city covered an irregular pentagonal area of 0.875 km<sup>2</sup>. It was surrounded by a 12 m high mud <a href="/wiki/Rampart_(fortification)" title="Rampart (fortification)">rampart</a>. The archaeological investigations have also indicated the presence of a 45 meter wide and 6.6 m deep <a href="/wiki/Moat" title="Moat">moat</a> around the city.<sup id="cite_ref-DS_2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Allchin" title="Raymond Allchin">F. R. Allchin</a> and George Erdosy, these city defences were constructed between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FRA_GE_1995_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRA_GE_1995-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dieter Schlingloff believes that these were built before 600 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-DS_2014_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DS_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This period is characterised by structures made of stone and burnt-brick, tools and weapons made of iron, and black and red <a href="/wiki/Burnishing_(metal)" title="Burnishing (metal)">burnished</a> ware.<sup id="cite_ref-FRA_GE_1995_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRA_GE_1995-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranic texts</a>, a branch of the legendary <a href="/wiki/Haihayas" class="mw-redirect" title="Haihayas">Haihaya dynasty</a> ruled over Ujjain.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_period">Ancient period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahavir_Tapo_Bhumi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mahavir_Tapo_Bhumi.jpg/220px-Mahavir_Tapo_Bhumi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mahavir_Tapo_Bhumi.jpg/330px-Mahavir_Tapo_Bhumi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mahavir_Tapo_Bhumi.jpg/440px-Mahavir_Tapo_Bhumi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The Mahavira <i>Tapo Bhumi</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 4th century BCE, the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryan</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta</a> annexed Avanti to his empire.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Mauryan</a> founded the City of Ujjain. The edicts of his grandson <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> mention four provinces of the Mauryan empire, of which Ujjain was the capital of the Western province.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the reign of his father <a href="/wiki/Bindusara" title="Bindusara">Bindusara</a>, Ashoka served as the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroy</a> of Ujjain,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which highlights the importance of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trudy_2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the viceroy of Ujjain, Ashoka married Devi, the daughter of a merchant from Vedisagiri (<a href="/wiki/Vidisha" title="Vidisha">Vidisha</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Sinhalese Buddhist tradition, their children, <a href="/wiki/Mahinda_(Buddhist_monk)" title="Mahinda (Buddhist monk)">Mahendra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanghamitra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanghamitra">Sanghamitra</a>, who preached Buddhism in modern Sri Lanka, were born in Ujjain.<sup id="cite_ref-Schlichtmann2016_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schlichtmann2016-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the Mauryan period, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Black_Polished_Ware" title="Northern Black Polished Ware">Northern Black Polished Ware</a>, copper coins, <a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">terracotta</a> ring wells, and ivory seals with <a href="/wiki/Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi</a> text have been excavated at Ujjain.<sup id="cite_ref-FRA_GE_1995_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRA_GE_1995-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ujjain emerged as an important commercial centre, partially because it lay on the trade route connecting north India to the Deccan, starting from Mathura. It also emerged as an important center for intellectual learning among <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jain</a>, Buddhist, and Hindu traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trudy_2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Post-Mauryan period, the <a href="/wiki/Sungas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungas">Sungas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Satavahanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahanas">Satavahanas</a> ruled the city consecutively. The Satavahanas and the <a href="/wiki/Ror" title="Ror">Ror</a> <a href="/wiki/Sakas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakas">Sakas</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a>, contested for control of the city for a period. Following the end of the Satavahana dynasty, the Rors retained Ujjain from the second to the twelfth century C.E.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Mauryans, Ujjain was controlled by a number of empires and dynasties, including local dynasties, the <a href="/wiki/Shunga_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunga dynasty">Shungas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Satraps" title="Western Satraps">Western Satraps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana">Satavahanas</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Guptas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trudy_2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ujjain remained as an important city of the Guptas during the 4th and the 5th centuries. <a href="/wiki/Kalidasa" title="Kalidasa">Kalidasa</a>, the great Indian classical poet of the 5th century who lived in the times of the Gupta king <a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_II" title="Chandragupta II">Vikramaditya</a> wrote his epic work <i><a href="/wiki/Meghad%C5%ABta" title="Meghadūta">Meghadūta</a></i> in which he describes the richness of Ujjain and its people.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 6th century CE the Chinese pilgrim <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> visited India. He describes the ruler of Avanti as a king who was generous to the poor and presented them with gifts.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Mahakaleshwar_Temple_Ujjain_-_panoramio_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Shri_Mahakaleshwar_Temple_Ujjain_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/220px-Shri_Mahakaleshwar_Temple_Ujjain_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Shri_Mahakaleshwar_Temple_Ujjain_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/330px-Shri_Mahakaleshwar_Temple_Ujjain_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Shri_Mahakaleshwar_Temple_Ujjain_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/440px-Shri_Mahakaleshwar_Temple_Ujjain_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The famed historical <a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Jyotirlinga" title="Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga">Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga</a> temple is in Ujjain</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bhart%E1%B9%9Bhari" title="Bhartṛhari">Bhartṛhari</a> is said to have written his great epics, Virat Katha, Neeti Sataka, the love story of Pradyot Princess Vasavadatta and Udayan in Ujjayini, as the city was called during his times. The writings of <a href="/wiki/Bhasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhasa">Bhasa</a> are set in Ujjain, and he probably lived in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kalidasa" title="Kalidasa">Kalidasa</a> also refers to Ujjain multiple times, and it appears that he spent at least a part of his life in Ujjain.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Mrichchhakatika" class="mw-redirect" title="Mrichchhakatika">Mrichchhakatika</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Shudraka" title="Shudraka">Shudraka</a> is also set in Ujjain.<sup id="cite_ref-FPR_1993_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FPR_1993-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ujjain also appears in several stories as the capital of the legendary emperor <a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya" title="Vikramaditya">Vikramaditya</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Paramara_dynasty" title="Paramara dynasty">Parmar dynasty</a>. Somadeva's <i><a href="/wiki/Kathasaritsagara" title="Kathasaritsagara">Kathasaritsagara</a></i> (11th century) mentions that the city was created by <a href="/wiki/Vishvakarman" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishvakarman">Vishwakarma</a>, and describes it as invincible, prosperous and full of wonderful sights.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ujjain was sacked several times by the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Caliphate</a> in the 8th century CE. The Arabs called the city <i>Uzayn</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vedh_Shala,_Ujjain_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vedh_Shala%2C_Ujjain_01.jpg/220px-Vedh_Shala%2C_Ujjain_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vedh_Shala%2C_Ujjain_01.jpg/330px-Vedh_Shala%2C_Ujjain_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Vedh_Shala%2C_Ujjain_01.jpg/440px-Vedh_Shala%2C_Ujjain_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4742" data-file-height="3175" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jantar_Mantar" title="Jantar Mantar">Jantar Mantar</a> at Ujjain was commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Jai_Singh_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Jai Singh II">Jai Singh II</a> (1688-1743) of Jaipur.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Paramara_dynasty" title="Paramara dynasty">Paramaras</a> (9th-14th century CE) built the City of Ujjain and shifted the region's capital from Ujjain to <a href="/wiki/Dhar" title="Dhar">Dhar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trudy_2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud of Ghazni</a> sacked the city and forced it to pay tribute during his invasion in India. In 1235 CE, <a href="/wiki/Iltutmish" title="Iltutmish">Iltutmish</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> plundered the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trudy_2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the decline of the Paramara kingdom, Ujjain ultimately came under Islamic rule, like other parts of north-central India. The city continued to be an important city of central India. As late as the time of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> vassal <a href="/wiki/Jai_Singh_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Jai Singh II">Jai Singh II</a> (1688-1743), who constructed a <a href="/wiki/Ved_Shala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ved Shala">Jantar Mantar</a> in the city, Ujjain was the largest city and capital of the <a href="/wiki/Malwa_Subah" title="Malwa Subah">Malwa Subah</a>. The city continued to be developed during Muslim rule, especially under the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>. It was used as an important military headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dewas_Junior" title="Dewas Junior">Dewas Junior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dewas_Senior" title="Dewas Senior">Dewas Senior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhar_State" title="Dhar State">Dhar State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indore_State" title="Indore State">Indore State</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gwalior_State" title="Gwalior State">Gwalior State</a></div> <p>During the 18th century, the city briefly became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Scindia" class="mw-redirect" title="Scindia">Scindia</a> state of the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Ranoji_Scindia" title="Ranoji Scindia">Ranoji Scindia</a> established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. <a href="/wiki/Mahadji_Scindia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahadji Scindia">Mahadji Scindia</a> constructed a grand palace with a hundred rooms around which the Maratha sardars constructed their own mansions. Ruined and destroyed temples were restored and newer ones were built.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But his successors moved to <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a>, where they ruled the <a href="/wiki/Gwalior_State" title="Gwalior State">Gwalior State</a> in the latter half of the 18th century. The struggle of supremacy between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Holkar" title="House of Holkar">Holkars</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a> and Scindias (who ruled Ujjain) led to rivalry between the merchants of the two cities.<sup id="cite_ref-AF_1998_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AF_1998-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 July 1801, the Holkars defeated the Scindias at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ujjain" title="Battle of Ujjain">Battle of Ujjain</a>. On 1 September, <a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Holkar" title="Yashwantrao Holkar">Yashwantrao Holkar</a> entered the city, and demanded a sum of 15 lakh rupees from the city. He received only 1/8th of this amount; the rest was pocketed by his officers. A force sent by <a href="/wiki/Daulatrao_Scindia" class="mw-redirect" title="Daulatrao Scindia">Daulatrao Scindia</a> later regained control of Ujjain.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After both Holkar and Scindias accepted the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a> suzerainty, the British colonial administrators decided to develop Indore as an alternative to Ujjain, because the merchants of Ujjain had supported certain anti-British people. <a href="/wiki/John_Malcolm" title="John Malcolm">John Malcolm</a>, the British administrator of <a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central India</a>, decided to reduce the importance of Ujjain "by transferring a great part of that consequence it now enjoys to the Towns of Indore and <a href="/wiki/Ratlam" title="Ratlam">Rutlam</a> cities, which are and will continue more under our control."<sup id="cite_ref-AF_1998_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AF_1998-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Indian independence, Ujjain was placed in <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Bharat" title="Madhya Bharat">Madhya Bharat</a> state, which in turn was fused into <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ujjain is located in the <a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">west-central part of India</a>, and is north of the upper limit of the <a href="/wiki/Vindhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vindhya">Vindhya</a> mountain ranges. Located on the <a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a> plateau, it is higher than the north Indian plains and the land rises towards the <a href="/wiki/Vindhya_Range" title="Vindhya Range">Vindhya Range</a> to the south. Ujjain's coordinates are <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ujjain&params=23_10_N_75_46_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">75°46′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.167°N 75.767°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.167; 75.767</span></span></span></a></span></span> with an average elevation of 494 m (1620 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-elevation_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elevation-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Traps" title="Deccan Traps">Deccan Traps</a>, formed between 60 and 68 <a href="/wiki/Geologic_timescale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic timescale">million years ago</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Geologic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic period">period</a>. The city is on the bank of the river <a href="/wiki/Shipra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipra">Shipra</a> which flows into the nearby <a href="/wiki/Chambal_River" title="Chambal River">Chambal</a>. </p><p>Ujjain is 57 km (35 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a> via Indore-Sanwer Road, 40 km (25 mi) away from <a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a> and 197 km (122 mi) from the State Capital <a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a> via MP State Highway 28 and MP State Highway 18. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Climate of the city features a typical version of the <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cwa</i>). Summers usually starts by the middle of March which lasts up until late June. During which temperatures normally reaches up to 45 °C, with average maximum peaking in May with 41 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monsoon starts in late June and ends in late September. These months see about 36 inches (914 mm) of precipitation, frequent thunderstorms and flooding. This season usually features wet phase of comfortable with average temperatures around 24 °C (76 °F) but this is accompanied with frequent downpours. This wet phase is followed by dry phase which results in humid weather with high temperatures. Temperatures rise again up to early November when winter starts,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which lasts up to early March. Winters are cool, dry and sunny with occasional cold snaps during which temperature may drop to close to freezing (0° to 3 °C). Otherwise temperatures are very much comfortable, with average daily temperatures around 16 °C (61 °F). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Ujjain (1991–2020, extremes 1954–2012) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.5<br />(108.5) </td> <td style="background: #CB0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.2<br />(113.4) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.0<br />(114.8) </td> <td style="background: #C70000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.5<br />(113.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.1<br />(106.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6<br />(97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.0<br />(114.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.8<br />(92.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(0.26) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(0.11) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(0.26) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(0.09) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(0.29) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.5<br />(4.47) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">331.1<br />(13.04) </td> <td style="background: #008900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">249.7<br />(9.83) </td> <td style="background: #03FF03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.2<br />(6.43) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(1.06) </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(0.56) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(0.18) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">928.9<br />(36.57) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><sup id="cite_ref-IMDnormals_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMDextremes_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><p>Ujjain has been ranked 26th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant_in_Ujjain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Elephant_in_Ujjain.jpg/220px-Elephant_in_Ujjain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Elephant_in_Ujjain.jpg/330px-Elephant_in_Ujjain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Elephant_in_Ujjain.jpg/440px-Elephant_in_Ujjain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4897" data-file-height="3394" /></a><figcaption>Harsiddhi Marg in Ujjain</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the 2011 census, Ujjain had a population of 515,215, comprising 265,291 males and 249,924 females, giving a sex ratio of 942 per 1000. The overall literacy rate was 85.55%, with male literacy at 91.16% and female literacy at 79.62%.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_table_2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_table_2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="notheme barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions in Ujjain City (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:77.51%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">77.51%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:18.88%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">18.88%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:pink; width:2.44%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.44%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Christianity in Madhya Pradesh">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:0.51%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.51%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other or not stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.66%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.66%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1513.5616095487px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 628.81776958434px; border-left-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:maroon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 349.10935673187px; border-left-color:lavender"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:lavender"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:lavender"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 234.31072285103px; border-left-color:deeppink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:deeppink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:deeppink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 137.45648693893px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 64.970540018848px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages of Ujjain (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-languages_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-languages-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (84.17%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (5.82%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:deeppink; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Malvi_language" title="Malvi language">Malvi</a> (3.59%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lavender; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> (1.98%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:maroon; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> (1.93%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> (1.46%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> Others (1.05%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Hindi is the most-spoken language. Being the heartland of the Malwa region, Malvi is also widely spoken.<sup id="cite_ref-languages_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-languages-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_jurisdiction">Government and jurisdiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Government and jurisdiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Municipal_Corporation" title="Ujjain Municipal Corporation">Ujjain Municipal Corporation</a> (UMC). The city is administered by a Divisional Commissioner and a Collectorate Office as well as the Mayor. They are responsible for the town and Country Planning Department, Forest Department, Public Health Engineering, Public Works Department and MP Electricity Board.<sup id="cite_ref-ujjain_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ujjain-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-indiatimes_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiatimes-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ujjain has been a metropolitan municipality with a mayor-council form of government. The Ujjain Municipal Corporation (UMC) was established in 1956 under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Palika Nigam Adhiniyam. The UMC was established in 1886 as Nagar Palika, but the Municipal Corporation of Ujjain was declared on a par with the Gwalior Municipal Corporation. The UMC is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, local planning and welfare services. The mayor and councillors are elected to five-year terms.<sup id="cite_ref-ujjain2_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ujjain2-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ujjain3_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ujjain3-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Development_Authority" title="Ujjain Development Authority">Ujjain Development Authority</a>, also known as UDA, is the urban planning agency serving Ujjain. Its headquarters are located in the Bharatpuri area of Ujjain. It was established under the Madhya Pradesh Town and Country Planning Act, 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-glance_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-glance-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)">Ujjain Lok Sabha constituency</a> is one of the 29 <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> constituencies in <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> state in central India. This constituency came into existence in 1951 as one of the 9 Lok Sabha constituencies in the erstwhile <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Bharat" title="Madhya Bharat">Madhya Bharat</a> state. It is reserved for the candidates belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Scheduled Castes</a> since 1966. This constituency covers the entire <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_district" title="Ujjain district">Ujjain district</a> and part of <a href="/wiki/Ratlam_district" title="Ratlam district">Ratlam district</a>. Previously, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Malviya" title="Chintamani Malviya">Chintamani Malviya</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> was the member of parliament who won in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Indian general elections">2014 Indian general elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Current Member of Parliament from <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)">Ujjain</a> is Anil Firojiya (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>) after the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> Election of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Jyotirlinga" title="Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga">Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kal_Bhairav_Temple,_Ujjain" title="Kal Bhairav Temple, Ujjain">Kal Bhairav Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandipani" title="Sandipani">Sandipani Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalnath_Temple" title="Mangalnath Temple">Mangalnath Temple</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University">University</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: University"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maharshi_Panini_Sanskrit_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharshi Panini Sanskrit University">Maharshi Panini Sanskrit University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_University" title="Vikram University">Vikram University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avantika_University" title="Avantika University">Avantika University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_Colleges">Medical Colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Medical Colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruxmaniben_Deepchand_Gardi_Medical_College" title="Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College">Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College</a></li></ul> <p>Govt. Medical College Amaltas Medical College </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engineering_Colleges">Engineering Colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Engineering Colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Engineering_College" title="Ujjain Engineering College">Ujjain Engineering College</a> (Govt.)</li> <li>School of Engineering Vikram University (Govt.)</li> <li>MIT Group of Institutes, Ujjain</li> <li>Shree Guru Sandipani Institute of Science and Technology</li> <li>Prashanti Institute of Technology</li> <li>Alpine Institute of Technology</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Paul%27s_convent_H.S._School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Paul's convent H.S. School (page does not exist)">St. Paul's convent H.S. School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christu_Jyoti_Convent_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christu Jyoti Convent School (page does not exist)">Christu Jyoti Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Public_School" title="Ujjain Public School">Ujjain Public School</a></li> <li>Lokmanya Tilak higher Secondary School, Ujjain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Convent_School,_Ujjain" title="St. Mary's Convent School, Ujjain">St. Mary's Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirmala_Convent_School,_Ujjain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nirmala Convent School, Ujjain (page does not exist)">Nirmala Convent School</a></li> <li>Takshshila Junior College</li> <li>Kalidas Montessori Sr. Sec. School</li> <li>Carmel Convent Sr. Sec. School<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industry">Industry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major industrial areas surrounding Ujjain are '<a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a> Road Industrial Area', 'Maxi Road Industrial Area' Vikram Udhogpuri, and 'Tajpur Industrial Area'.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a> are the cities where majority of the industries are present. Both Indore and Dewas are in close proximity to Ujjain, providing employment to people in Ujjain and nearby areas. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Government of Madhya Pradesh">Government of Madhya Pradesh</a> has allotted 1,200 acres for the development of an industrial area on the Dewas-Ujjain Road (MP State Highway 18) near Narwar village. Originally named "Vikramaditya Knowledge City", the area was envisaged as an educational hub. Due to diminished investment prospects, it was renamed to "<a href="/wiki/Vikram_Udyog_Nagari" title="Vikram Udyog Nagari">Vikram Udyog Nagari</a>" ("Vikram Industrial City"). As of 2014, the government has conceptualized it as a half-industrial, half-educational area. The stakeholders in the project include the state government and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delhi_Mumbai_Industrial_Corridor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (page does not exist)">Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor</a> (DMIC) Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ujjain does not have any airport but has an <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Airstrip" title="Ujjain Airstrip">airstrip</a> on Dewas road which is used for air transport purposes. In 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Government of Madhya Pradesh">Government of Madhya Pradesh</a> started a Ujjain-Bhopal air services as a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Ventura_AirConnect" title="Ventura AirConnect">Ventura AirConnect</a>. Due to very low booking, the ambitious project was scrapped. The main reason for the failure of the plan was due to improper timing of flights. The nearest airport is the <a href="/wiki/Devi_Ahilyabai_Holkar_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport">Devi Ahilyabai Holkar International Airport</a> at <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a> (57 km). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ujjain_statioin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ujjain_statioin.jpg/220px-Ujjain_statioin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ujjain_statioin.jpg/330px-Ujjain_statioin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Ujjain_statioin.jpg/440px-Ujjain_statioin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Ujjain Junction</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjain Junction">Ujjain Junction</a> is the main railway station of Ujjain, and it is directly or indirectly well-connected to all the major railway stations in India.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lies on the <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a>–<a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratlam" title="Ratlam">Ratlam</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a>–<a href="/wiki/Nagda" title="Nagda">Nagda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guna,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Guna, India">Guna</a>–<a href="/wiki/Khandwa" title="Khandwa">Khandwa</a> route. To the west it is connected to <a href="/wiki/Ratlam_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratlam Junction">Ratlam Junction</a>, to the north it is connected with <a href="/wiki/Nagda" title="Nagda">Nagda</a> Junction, to the east it is connected with <a href="/wiki/Maksi" title="Maksi">Maksi</a> Junction, <a href="/wiki/Bhopal_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhopal Junction">Bhopal Junction</a>, and to the south it is connected to <a href="/wiki/Indore_Junction_BG" class="mw-redirect" title="Indore Junction BG">Indore Junction BG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a> Junction Harda BG.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>C&W Training Centre/Ujjain/WR </p><p>There are six railway stations in the Ujjain city and its suburbs: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Station name </th> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Station code </th> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Railway zone </th> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Total platforms </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjain Junction">Ujjain Junction</a></div> </td> <td>UJN </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_Zone_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Railway Zone (India)">Western Railway</a> </td> <td>08 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chintaman_Ganesh_railway_station" title="Chintaman Ganesh railway station">Chintaman Ganesh</a></div> </td> <td>CNN </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_Zone_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Railway Zone (India)">Western Railway</a> </td> <td>03 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Matana_Buzurg_railway_station" title="Matana Buzurg railway station">Matana Buzurg</a></div> </td> <td>MABG </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_Zone_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Railway Zone (India)">Western Railway</a> </td> <td>02 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pingleshwar_railway_station" title="Pingleshwar railway station">Pingleshwar</a></div> </td> <td>PLW </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_Zone_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Railway Zone (India)">Western Railway</a> </td> <td>02 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vikramnagar_railway_station" title="Vikramnagar railway station">Vikramnagar</a></div> </td> <td>VRG </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_Zone_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Railway Zone (India)">Western Railway</a> </td> <td>03 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="float:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajpur_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajpur railway station (page does not exist)">Tajpur</a></div> </td> <td>TJP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Railway_Zone_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Railway Zone (India)">Western Railway</a> </td> <td>02 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ujjain_Indore_Highway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ujjain_Indore_Highway.jpg/220px-Ujjain_Indore_Highway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ujjain_Indore_Highway.jpg/330px-Ujjain_Indore_Highway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ujjain_Indore_Highway.jpg/440px-Ujjain_Indore_Highway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Ujjain-Indore Highway</figcaption></figure> <p>Dewas Gate Stand and <a href="/wiki/Nana_Kheda_Bus_Stand" class="mw-redirect" title="Nana Kheda Bus Stand">Nana Kheda Bus Stand</a> are the two bus stands in the city that provide service to destinations located in the states. A large number of state run private buses are available for <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ajmer" title="Ajmer">Ajmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khajuraho" title="Khajuraho">Khajuraho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harda" title="Harda">Harda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandu,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Mandu, Madhya Pradesh">Mandu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jhalawar" title="Jhalawar">Jhalawar</a> and various other locations. The city has a well connected road network including Indore Road, <a href="/wiki/Badnagar" title="Badnagar">Badnagar</a> Road, <a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a> Road, <a href="/wiki/Agar" title="Agar">Agar</a> Road, <a href="/wiki/Nagda" title="Nagda">Nagda</a> Road and <a href="/wiki/Maksi" title="Maksi">Maksi</a> Road. There are three national highways; 47 connects to <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a>, proposed 148NG connects to <a href="/wiki/Garoth" title="Garoth">Garoth</a> and 552G connects to Indore.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other regional highways passing through the city are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a> – Ujjain Road via SH 27 part of NH 552G</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a> / <a href="/wiki/Agar" title="Agar">Agar</a> – Ujjain Road via NH 552G</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a> – Ujjain Road via SH 18 now NH 148NG</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratlam" title="Ratlam">Ratlam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barnagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Barnagar">Barnagar</a> – Ujjain Road via SH 18 now NH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaora" title="Jaora">Jaora</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nimach" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimach">Nimach</a> – Ujjain Road via SH 17</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksi" title="Maksi">Maksi</a> – Ujjain Road (Connects to <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_3_(India)" title="National Highway 3 (India)">NH 3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harda" title="Harda">Harda</a> - Ujjain Road (Connects to Via National Highway 59A NH 47) and <a href="/wiki/SH_18" class="mw-redirect" title="SH 18">SH 18</a></li> <li>Ujjain - <a href="/wiki/Garoth" title="Garoth">Garoth</a> Proposed New Green Field Four Lane National Highway No NH 148NG</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Local_transport">Local transport</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Local transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ujjain depends on an extensive network of auto rickshaws, city busses, private taxis and Tata Magic, that operate throughout the city, connecting one part with another. UMC has recently introduced city buses with a public private partnership project as the city was identified urban agglomerations with less than 1 million population under the <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_National_Urban_Renewal_Mission" title="Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission">Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> is one of the most popular sports in the city. Ujjain is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Divisional_Cricket_Association" title="Ujjain Divisional Cricket Association">Ujjain Divisional Cricket Association</a> which is affiliated to <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India" title="Board of Control for Cricket in India">BCCI</a>. The city does not have any big stadium, but hosted <a href="/wiki/Ranji_Trophy" title="Ranji Trophy">Ranji Trophy</a> matches at <a href="/wiki/Indian_Iron_and_Steel_Company_Stanton_Pipe_Factory_Ground" title="Indian Iron and Steel Company Stanton Pipe Factory Ground">Pipe Factory Ground</a> in 1977 and 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kite_flying" class="mw-redirect" title="Kite flying">Kite flying</a> is another popular activity in the city around <a href="/wiki/Makar_Sakranti" class="mw-redirect" title="Makar Sakranti">Makar Sakranti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dainik_Bhaskar_2022_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dainik_Bhaskar_2022-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smart_city">Smart city</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Smart city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">Smart city</a></div> <p>Ujjain city was shortlisted under the Government of India's flagship programme <a href="/wiki/Smart_Cities_Mission" title="Smart Cities Mission">Smart Cities Mission</a>. Under the mission, UMC (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nagarnigamujjain.org/">UMC, Ujjain</a> Ujjain Municipal Corporation) shall participate in the smart cities challenge by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Ministry of Urban Development</a>. As part of this, UMC is preparing a Smart City Proposal (SCP). SCP will include smart city solutions based on the consultations to be held with the key stakeholders of the city. UMC invited the suggestions from citizens of Ujjain to make ‘Ujjain as a smart city’. The citizens were able to post their views pertaining to basic services such as water supply, sewerage, urban transport, social infrastructure and e-governance.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable people who were born or lived in Ujjain include: </p> <ul><li>Sage <a href="/wiki/Sandipani" title="Sandipani">Sandipani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Var%C4%81hamihira" title="Varāhamihira">Varāhamihira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81skara_II" title="Bhāskara II">Bhāskara II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmagupta" title="Brahmagupta">Brahmagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chashtana" title="Chashtana">Chashtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81lid%C4%81sa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kālidāsa">Kālidāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi_(wife_of_Ashoka)" title="Devi (wife of Ashoka)">Devi (wife of Ashoka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivmangal_Singh_Suman" title="Shivmangal Singh Suman">Shivmangal Singh Suman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shreeram_Shankar_Abhyankar" title="Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar">Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhart%E1%B9%9Bhari" title="Bhartṛhari">Bharthari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashoda_Devi" title="Yashoda Devi">Yashoda Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Dsena" title="Vivian Dsena">Vivian Dsena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawar_Chand_Gehlot" title="Thawar Chand Gehlot">Thawar Chand Gehlot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundecha_Brothers" title="Gundecha Brothers">Gundecha Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanarayan_Jatiya" title="Satyanarayan Jatiya">Satyanarayan Jatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukam_Chand_Kachwai" title="Hukam Chand Kachwai">Hukam Chand Kachwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachida_Nagdev" title="Sachida Nagdev">Sachida Nagdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naman_Ojha" title="Naman Ojha">Naman Ojha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramartha" title="Paramartha">Paramartha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartaj_Singh_(politician)" title="Sartaj Singh (politician)">Sartaj Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saumya_Tandon" title="Saumya Tandon">Saumya Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya" title="Vikramaditya">Vikramaditya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viraj_Mahajan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viraj Mahajan (page does not exist)">Viraj Mahajan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mid-Day_2023_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mid-Day_2023-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juhi_Parmar" title="Juhi Parmar">Juhi Parmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goverdhan_Lal_Oza" title="Goverdhan Lal Oza">Goverdhan Lal Oza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharma_Bandhu" title="Sharma Bandhu">Sharma Bandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._S._Wakankar" title="V. S. Wakankar">V. S. Wakankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Joshi" title="Sharad Joshi">Sharad Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Yadav" title="Mohan Yadav">Mohan Yadav</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Jyotirlinga" title="Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga">Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omkareshwar_Temple" title="Omkareshwar Temple">Omkareshwar Jyotirlinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjainiya" title="Ujjainiya">Ujjainiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjaini_Mahakali_Temple" title="Ujjaini Mahakali Temple">Ujjaini Mahakali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maratha_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha Empire">Maratha Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scindia" class="mw-redirect" title="Scindia">Scindia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_State" title="Gwalior State">Gwalior State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas_Junior_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewas Junior State">Dewas Junior State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas_Senior_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewas Senior State">Dewas Senior State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhar_State" title="Dhar State">Dhar State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indore_State" title="Indore State">Indore State</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2011_table_2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2011_table_2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2011_table_2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf">"Cities having population 1 lakh and above"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Census of India 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cities+having+population+1+lakh+and+above&rft.pub=Census+of+India+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011-prov-results%2Fpaper2%2Fdata_files%2FIndia2%2FTable_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nagarnigamujjain.org/english/aboutus.html">"Ujjain City"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ujjain+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnagarnigamujjain.org%2Fenglish%2Faboutus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2318_PART_B_DCHB_UJJAIN.pdf">"District Census Handbook - Ujjain"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India</i>. p. 12,22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&rft.atitle=District+Census+Handbook+-+Ujjain&rft.pages=12%2C22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fdchb%2F2318_PART_B_DCHB_UJJAIN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ujjain.nic.in/en/culture-heritage/">"Culture & Heritage | District Ujjain, Government of Madhya Pradesh | India"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+%26+Heritage+%7C+District+Ujjain%2C+Government+of+Madhya+Pradesh+%7C+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fujjain.nic.in%2Fen%2Fculture-heritage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simhasth-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Simhasth_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/ujjain-simhastha-humbh-mela-ends-kshipra-river-2812330/">"Ujjain: As Kumbh draws to a close, devotees throng Kshipra for 'shahi snan'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Indian Express. 21 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ujjain%3A+As+Kumbh+draws+to+a+close%2C+devotees+throng+Kshipra+for+%27shahi+snan%27&rft.date=2016-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Findia-news-india%2Fujjain-simhastha-humbh-mela-ends-kshipra-river-2812330%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsen2013" class="citation book cs1">Jacobsen, Knut A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kn6_3oBFAqIC&pg=PA128"><i>Pilgrimage in the Hindu Tradition: Salvific Space</i></a>. Routledge. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-41559-038-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-41559-038-9"><bdi>978-0-41559-038-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilgrimage+in+the+Hindu+Tradition%3A+Salvific+Space&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-41559-038-9&rft.aulast=Jacobsen&rft.aufirst=Knut+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKn6_3oBFAqIC%26pg%3DPA128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sahaja-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sahaja_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sahajaharidwar.tripod.com/About_Haridwar.html">About Haridwar</a> sahajaharidwar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.punjabkesari.in/dharm/news/kumbh-mela-story-related-samudra-manthan-1326800">"इस पौराणिक कथा से जानिए क्यों लगता है कुंभ का मेला? – mobile"</a>. <i>punjabkesari</i>. 4 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=punjabkesari&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AD+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%3F+%E2%80%93+mobile&rft.date=2021-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.punjabkesari.in%2Fdharm%2Fnews%2Fkumbh-mela-story-related-samudra-manthan-1326800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstpost.com/business/why-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html">"Only 98 cities instead of 100 announced: All questions answered about the smart cities project"</a>. 28 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Only+98+cities+instead+of+100+announced%3A+All+questions+answered+about+the+smart+cities+project&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Fwhy-only-98-cities-instead-of-100-announced-all-questions-answered-about-smart-cities-project-2410576.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PKB_2012-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PKB_2012_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP._K._Basant2012" class="citation book cs1">P. K. Basant (2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citycountryinear0000basa"><i>The City and the Country in Early India: A Study of Malwa</i></a></span>. Primus. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citycountryinear0000basa/page/78">78</a>–81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789380607153" title="Special:BookSources/9789380607153"><bdi>9789380607153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+City+and+the+Country+in+Early+India%3A+A+Study+of+Malwa&rft.pages=78-81&rft.pub=Primus&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789380607153&rft.au=P.+K.+Basant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcitycountryinear0000basa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPranab_Kumar_Bhattacharyya19771–2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPranab_Kumar_Bhattacharyya19771–2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPranab_Kumar_Bhattacharyya1977">Pranab Kumar Bhattacharyya 1977</a>, pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulkeRothermund2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kulke" title="Hermann Kulke">Kulke, Hermann</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Rothermund" title="Dietmar Rothermund">Rothermund, Dietmar</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RoW9GuFJ9GIC&pg=PA50"><i>A History of India</i></a>. Psychology Press. pp. 50–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-41532-920-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-41532-920-0"><bdi>978-0-41532-920-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-41532-920-0&rft.aulast=Kulke&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft.au=Rothermund%2C+Dietmar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRoW9GuFJ9GIC%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trudy_2012-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trudy_2012_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrudy_RingNoelle_WatsonPaul_Schellinger2012" class="citation book cs1">Trudy Ring; Noelle Watson; Paul Schellinger, eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&pg=PA835"><i>Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 835–837. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136639791" title="Special:BookSources/9781136639791"><bdi>9781136639791</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+and+Oceania%3A+International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pages=835-837&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781136639791&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvoerPYsAB5wC%26pg%3DPA835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DS_2014-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DS_2014_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DS_2014_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDieter_Schlingloff2014" class="citation book cs1">Dieter Schlingloff (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nVeWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA22"><i>Fortified Cities of Ancient India: A Comparative Study</i></a>. Anthem. pp. 21–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781783083497" title="Special:BookSources/9781783083497"><bdi>9781783083497</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fortified+Cities+of+Ancient+India%3A+A+Comparative+Study&rft.pages=21-22&rft.pub=Anthem&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781783083497&rft.au=Dieter+Schlingloff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnVeWBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FRA_GE_1995-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FRA_GE_1995_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRA_GE_1995_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRA_GE_1995_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._R._Allchin_and_George_Erdosy1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Allchin" title="Raymond Allchin">F. R. Allchin</a> and George Erdosy (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5kI02_zW70C&pg=PA135"><i>The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 134–136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521376952" title="Special:BookSources/9780521376952"><bdi>9780521376952</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Early+Historic+South+Asia%3A+The+Emergence+of+Cities+and+States&rft.pages=134-136&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780521376952&rft.au=F.+R.+Allchin+and+George+Erdosy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ5kI02_zW70C%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKailash_Chand_Jain1972" class="citation news cs1">Kailash Chand Jain (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA90">"Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D"</a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120808249" title="Special:BookSources/9788120808249"><bdi>9788120808249</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Malwa+Through+the+Ages%2C+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+1305+A.D&rft.pages=90&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9788120808249&rft.au=Kailash+Chand+Jain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_3O7q7cU7k0C%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Avanti-ancient-kingdom-India">"Avanti | Gupta Dynasty, Ujjain & Malwa | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Avanti+%26%23124%3B+Gupta+Dynasty%2C+Ujjain+%26+Malwa+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAvanti-ancient-kingdom-India&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbraham_Eraly2002" class="citation book cs1">Abraham Eraly (23 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YokatCwNG90C&pg=PT494"><i>Gem In The Lotus</i></a>. Penguin. p. 494. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-014-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-014-2"><bdi>978-93-5118-014-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gem+In+The+Lotus&rft.pages=494&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2002-01-23&rft.isbn=978-93-5118-014-2&rft.au=Abraham+Eraly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYokatCwNG90C%26pg%3DPT494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Woodthorpe_Tarn2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Woodthorpe_Tarn" title="William Woodthorpe Tarn">William Woodthorpe Tarn</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-HeJS3nE9cAC&pg=PA152"><i>The Greeks in Bactria and India</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108009416" title="Special:BookSources/9781108009416"><bdi>9781108009416</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greeks+in+Bactria+and+India&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781108009416&rft.au=William+Woodthorpe+Tarn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-HeJS3nE9cAC%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMookerji_Radhakumud1962" class="citation book cs1">Mookerji Radhakumud (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC&pg=PA8"><i>Asoka</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0582-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0582-8"><bdi>978-81-208-0582-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asoka&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0582-8&rft.au=Mookerji+Radhakumud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuXyftdtE1ygC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schlichtmann2016-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schlichtmann2016_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlaus_Schlichtmann2016" class="citation book cs1">Klaus Schlichtmann (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1UYKDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT26"><i>A Peace History of India: From Ashoka Maurya to Mahatma Gandhi</i></a>. Vij Books. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-85563-52-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-85563-52-2"><bdi>978-93-85563-52-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Peace+History+of+India%3A+From+Ashoka+Maurya+to+Mahatma+Gandhi&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Vij+Books&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-93-85563-52-2&rft.au=Klaus+Schlichtmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1UYKDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ujjain.dcourts.gov.in/about-department/history/">"History of Ujjain"</a>. <i>Ujjain District Court</i>. 4 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ujjain+District+Court&rft.atitle=History+of+Ujjain&rft.date=2024-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fujjain.dcourts.gov.in%2Fabout-department%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubramani2018" class="citation journal cs1">Subramani, Dr.Vijaya (September 2018). "Ujjain, a brilliant sliver of heaven on earth". <i>Tattvaloka</i>. <b>XLI</b> (6). <a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a>: Sri Abhinava Vidyatheertha Mahaswamigal Educational Trust: 40–3. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0970-8901">0970-8901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tattvaloka&rft.atitle=Ujjain%2C+a+brilliant+sliver+of+heaven+on+earth&rft.volume=XLI&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=40-3&rft.date=2018-09&rft.issn=0970-8901&rft.aulast=Subramani&rft.aufirst=Dr.Vijaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen1999" class="citation book cs1">Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&q=hiuen+tsang+at+prayag&pg=PA255"><i>Ancient Indian History and Civilization</i></a>. New Age International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788122411980" title="Special:BookSources/9788122411980"><bdi>9788122411980</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Indian+History+and+Civilization&rft.pub=New+Age+International&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9788122411980&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Sailendra+Nath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWk4_ICH_g1EC%26q%3Dhiuen%2Btsang%2Bat%2Bprayag%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Banham1995" class="citation book cs1">Martin Banham (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto0000banh"><i>The Cambridge Guide to Theatre</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto0000banh/page/103">103</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521434379" title="Special:BookSources/9780521434379"><bdi>9780521434379</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Guide+to+Theatre&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780521434379&rft.au=Martin+Banham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgeguideto0000banh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_W._Ryder2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_W._Ryder" title="Arthur W. Ryder">Arthur W. Ryder</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=exDCAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8"><i>Translations of Shakuntala: And Other Works</i></a>. The Floating Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781776535132" title="Special:BookSources/9781776535132"><bdi>9781776535132</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Translations+of+Shakuntala%3A+And+Other+Works&rft.pub=The+Floating+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781776535132&rft.au=Arthur+W.+Ryder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DexDCAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FPR_1993-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FPR_1993_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarley_P._Richmond1993" class="citation book cs1">Farley P. Richmond (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OroCOEqkVg4C&pg=PA55"><i>Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 55–57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120809819" title="Special:BookSources/9788120809819"><bdi>9788120809819</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Theatre%3A+Traditions+of+Performance&rft.pages=55-57&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788120809819&rft.au=Farley+P.+Richmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOroCOEqkVg4C%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._M._Penzer1924" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Mosley_Penzer" title="Norman Mosley Penzer">N. M. Penzer</a>, ed. (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/oceanofstorybein09somauoft#page/n34/mode/2up">"Book XVIII: Vishamasila"</a>. <i>The ocean of story</i>. Vol. IX. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Tawney" title="Charles Henry Tawney">C. H. Tawney</a>. Chas J. Sawyer. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+XVIII%3A+Vishamasila&rft.btitle=The+ocean+of+story&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Chas+J.+Sawyer&rft.date=1924&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Foceanofstorybein09somauoft%23page%2Fn34%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJain1972" class="citation book cs1">Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). <i>Malwa through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D</i>. Motilal Banarsidas. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120808249" title="Special:BookSources/9788120808249"><bdi>9788120808249</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malwa+through+the+Ages%2C+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+1305+A.D.&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidas&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=9788120808249&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Kailash+Chand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirendra_Nath_Sharma1995" class="citation book cs1">Virendra Nath Sharma (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QRA2mgZnXXMC&pg=PA212"><i>Sawai Jai Singh and His Astronomy</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120812567" title="Special:BookSources/9788120812567"><bdi>9788120812567</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sawai+Jai+Singh+and+His+Astronomy&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9788120812567&rft.au=Virendra+Nath+Sharma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQRA2mgZnXXMC%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vijayaraje Scindia, Princess - The Autobiography of Dowager Maharani of Gwalior, P.73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AF_1998-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AF_1998_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AF_1998_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmar_Farooqui1998" class="citation book cs1">Amar Farooqui (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pAJDrdP6sikC&pg=PA63"><i>Smuggling as Subversion: Colonialism, Indian Merchants, and the Politics of Opium, 1790-1843</i></a>. Lexington. pp. 62–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739108864" title="Special:BookSources/9780739108864"><bdi>9780739108864</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smuggling+as+Subversion%3A+Colonialism%2C+Indian+Merchants%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Opium%2C+1790-1843&rft.pages=62-63&rft.pub=Lexington&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780739108864&rft.au=Amar+Farooqui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpAJDrdP6sikC%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/ujjain/ujjain-scindia-performs-baba-mahakals-palki-poojan-during-shahi-sawari-uma-bharti-also-present/videoshow/77594453.cms">"Ujjain: राम घाट पर सिंधिया ने किया महाकाल की पालकी का पूजन, उमा भारती भी पहुंचीं"</a>. <i>Navbharat Times</i> (in Hindi)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navbharat+Times&rft.atitle=Ujjain%3A+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%2C+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnavbharattimes.indiatimes.com%2Fstate%2Fmadhya-pradesh%2Fujjain%2Fujjain-scindia-performs-baba-mahakals-palki-poojan-during-shahi-sawari-uma-bharti-also-present%2Fvideoshow%2F77594453.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/ujjain/jyotiraditya-scindia-reaches-ujjain-from-indore-local-bjp-leaders-give-a-grand-welcome-congress-leaders-raise-black-flags/videoshow/77591082.cms">"उज्जैन पहुंचकर बोले सिंधिया- यह मेरा गृह नगर जैसा, कांग्रेस नेताओं ने दिखाए काले झंडे"</a>. <i>Navbharat Times</i> (in Hindi)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navbharat+Times&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B9+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%2C+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnavbharattimes.indiatimes.com%2Fstate%2Fmadhya-pradesh%2Fujjain%2Fjyotiraditya-scindia-reaches-ujjain-from-indore-local-bjp-leaders-give-a-grand-welcome-congress-leaders-raise-black-flags%2Fvideoshow%2F77591082.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326221547/https://avnews.in/today-ujjain-covid-heatlh-bulletin/">"उज्जैन में मिले 21 नए कोरोना पॉजिटीव – AV News"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avnews.in/today-ujjain-covid-heatlh-bulletin/">the original</a> on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87+21+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5+%E2%80%93+AV+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favnews.in%2Ftoday-ujjain-covid-heatlh-bulletin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR.S._Chaurasia2004" class="citation book cs1">R.S. Chaurasia (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D_v3Y7hns8QC&pg=PA61"><i>History of the Marathas</i></a>. Atlantic. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126903948" title="Special:BookSources/9788126903948"><bdi>9788126903948</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Marathas&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Atlantic&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788126903948&rft.au=R.S.+Chaurasia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD_v3Y7hns8QC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livehindustan.com/astrology/story-mahakaleshwar-shahi-sawari-2020-held-in-ujjain-3425436.html">"उज्जैन में महाकालेश्वर की धूमधाम से निकली शाही सवारी"</a>. <i>Hindustan</i> (in Hindi)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livehindustan.com%2Fastrology%2Fstory-mahakaleshwar-shahi-sawari-2020-held-in-ujjain-3425436.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aajtak.intoday.in/story/jyotiraditya-scindia-reaches-ujjain-to-attend-mahakal-shahi-sawari-when-railing-fall-down-1-1220577.html">"उज्जैन में बाल-बाल बचे सिंधिया, समर्थकों की धक्का-मुक्की में गिरी रेलिंग"</a>. <i>aajtak.intoday.in</i> (in Hindi). 18 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aajtak.intoday.in&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%2C+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faajtak.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Fjyotiraditya-scindia-reaches-ujjain-to-attend-mahakal-shahi-sawari-when-railing-fall-down-1-1220577.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/india/states/big-accident-averted-in-ujjain-jyotiraditya-scindia-narrowly-escapes/730500">"उज्जैन: महाकाल की शाही सवारी के दौरान बड़ा हादसा टला, बाल-बाल बचे Scindia"</a>. <i>Zee News Hindi</i>. 18 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zee+News+Hindi&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%3A+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%2C+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87+Scindia&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fhindi%2Findia%2Fstates%2Fbig-accident-averted-in-ujjain-jyotiraditya-scindia-narrowly-escapes%2F730500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/ujjain/news/scindia-said-even-though-there-is-no-by-election-in-ujjain-but-ujjain-will-remain-the-focal-point-of-the-elections-around-127626123.html">"सिंधिया ने कहा: भले ही उज्जैन में उप चुनाव नहीं लेकिन उज्जैन आसपास होने वाले चुनाव का केंद्र बिंदु बना रहेगा"</a>. <i>Dainik Bhaskar</i> (in Hindi). 18 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dainik+Bhaskar&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%3A+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE&rft.date=2020-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhaskar.com%2Flocal%2Fmp%2Fujjain%2Fnews%2Fscindia-said-even-though-there-is-no-by-election-in-ujjain-but-ujjain-will-remain-the-focal-point-of-the-elections-around-127626123.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elevation-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elevation_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dateandtime.info/citycoordinates.php?id=1253914">"Geographic coordinates of Ujjain. Latitude, longitude, and elevation above sea level of Ujjain, India"</a>. <i>dateandtime.info</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dateandtime.info&rft.atitle=Geographic+coordinates+of+Ujjain.+Latitude%2C+longitude%2C+and+elevation+above+sea+level+of+Ujjain%2C+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdateandtime.info%2Fcitycoordinates.php%3Fid%3D1253914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060225205236/http://ksgeo.kj.yamagata-u.ac.jp/~iwata/personal/Deccan-e.htm">"Geochronological Study of the Deccan Volcanism by the 40Ar-39Ar Method"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ksgeo.kj.yamagata-u.ac.jp/~iwata/personal/Deccan-e.htm">the original</a> on 25 February 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geochronological+Study+of+the+Deccan+Volcanism+by+the+40Ar-39Ar+Method&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fksgeo.kj.yamagata-u.ac.jp%2F~iwata%2Fpersonal%2FDeccan-e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mantleplumes.org/Deccan.html">"Deccan Traps"</a>. <i>www.mantleplumes.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mantleplumes.org&rft.atitle=Deccan+Traps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mantleplumes.org%2FDeccan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/aug/15/controversial-up-mla-vijay-mishra-held-near-ujjain-for-alleged-extortion-2183660.html">"Controversial UP MLA Vijay Mishra held near Ujjain for alleged extortion"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. 15 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Controversial+UP+MLA+Vijay+Mishra+held+near+Ujjain+for+alleged+extortion&rft.date=2020-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2Faug%2F15%2Fcontroversial-up-mla-vijay-mishra-held-near-ujjain-for-alleged-extortion-2183660.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/ujjain/man-kills-girlfriend-by-throwing-her-from-overbridge-at-ujjain-caught-through-cctv-footage-watch-viral-video/videoshow/77272990.cms">"Ujjain: प्रेमिका की पुल से नीचे फेंक कर दी हत्या, सीसीटीवी फुटेज से पकड़ाया, देखिए वायरल वीडियो"</a>. <i>Navbharat Times</i> (in Hindi)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navbharat+Times&rft.atitle=Ujjain%3A+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%2C+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%2C+%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnavbharattimes.indiatimes.com%2Fstate%2Fmadhya-pradesh%2Fujjain%2Fman-kills-girlfriend-by-throwing-her-from-overbridge-at-ujjain-caught-through-cctv-footage-watch-viral-video%2Fvideoshow%2F77272990.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zee5.com/zeekannada/madhya-pradesh-over-12-cows-die-in-mahakal-temple-in-ujjain/">"Madhya Pradesh: Over 12 cows die in Mahakal Temple in Ujjain"</a>. <i>ZEE5 News</i>. 17 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZEE5+News&rft.atitle=Madhya+Pradesh%3A+Over+12+cows+die+in+Mahakal+Temple+in+Ujjain&rft.date=2020-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zee5.com%2Fzeekannada%2Fmadhya-pradesh-over-12-cows-die-in-mahakal-temple-in-ujjain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/ujjain/murder-at-ujjain-hotel-police-solves-tanu-parihar-murder-case-within-24-hours-accused-lover-arrested/articleshow/77554556.cms">"Murder at Ujjain Hotel: 2 बार प्रेमी से शादी कर चुकी थी, तीसरी बार परिवार की मर्जी से करना चाहती थी, इसलिए मार डाला"</a>. <i>Navbharat Times</i> (in Hindi)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navbharat+Times&rft.atitle=Murder+at+Ujjain+Hotel%3A+2+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80%2C+%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80%2C+%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnavbharattimes.indiatimes.com%2Fstate%2Fmadhya-pradesh%2Fujjain%2Fmurder-at-ujjain-hotel-police-solves-tanu-parihar-murder-case-within-24-hours-accused-lover-arrested%2Farticleshow%2F77554556.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDnormals-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMDnormals_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf">"Station: Ujjain Climatological Table 1981–2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Climatological Normals 1981–2010</i>. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 769–770. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climatological+Normals+1981%E2%80%932010&rft.atitle=Station%3A+Ujjain+Climatological+Table+1981%E2%80%932010&rft.pages=769-770&rft.date=2015-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimdpune.gov.in%2Flibrary%2Fpublic%2F1981-2010%2520CLIM%2520NORMALS%2520%2528STATWISE%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDextremes-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMDextremes_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf">"Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M133. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extremes+of+Temperature+%26+Rainfall+for+Indian+Stations+%28Up+to+2012%29&rft.pages=M133&rft.pub=India+Meteorological+Department&rft.date=2016-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimdpune.gov.in%2Flibrary%2Fpublic%2FEXTREMES%2520OF%2520TEMPERATURE%2520and%2520RAINFALL%2520upto%25202012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf">"Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024</i>. 7 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swachh+Vayu+Sarvekshan+2024&rft.atitle=Swachh+Vayu+Sarvekshan+2024&rft.date=2024-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprana.cpcb.gov.in%2FncapServices%2Frobust%2FfetchFilesFromDrive%2FSwachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religion-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Religion_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11381/download/14494/DDW23C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"Table C-1 Population By Religious Community: Madhya Pradesh"</a>. <i>censusindia.gov.in</i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Table+C-1+Population+By+Religious+Community%3A+Madhya+Pradesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F11381%2Fdownload%2F14494%2FDDW23C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-languages-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-languages_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-languages_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10249/download/13361/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX">"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Madhya Pradesh"</a>. <i>www.censusindia.gov.in</i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Table+C-16+Population+by+Mother+Tongue%3A+Madhya+Pradesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F10249%2Fdownload%2F13361%2FDDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2300.XLSX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ujjain-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ujjain_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630201443/http://ujjain.nic.in/">"Welcome to official website of District Administration Ujjain (M.P.) India"</a>. ujjain.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ujjain.nic.in/">the original</a> on 30 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+official+website+of+District+Administration+Ujjain+%28M.P.%29+India&rft.pub=ujjain.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ujjain.nic.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indiatimes-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indiatimes_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/BJP-clean-sweeps-in-Madhya-Pradesh-civic-polls/articleshow/48501303.cms">"BJP clean sweeps in Madhya Pradesh civic polls - The Times of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 16 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=BJP+clean+sweeps+in+Madhya+Pradesh+civic+polls+-+The+Times+of+India&rft.date=2015-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FBJP-clean-sweeps-in-Madhya-Pradesh-civic-polls%2Farticleshow%2F48501303.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ujjain2-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ujjain2_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150806164101/http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Administration/CommissionerTenure/comm.html">"Welcome to official website of District Administration Ujjain (M.P.) India"</a>. ujjain.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Administration/CommissionerTenure/comm.html">the original</a> on 6 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+official+website+of+District+Administration+Ujjain+%28M.P.%29+India&rft.pub=ujjain.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ujjain.nic.in%2FAdministration%2FCommissionerTenure%2Fcomm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ujjain3-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ujjain3_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150706114354/http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Benificiary_List/patta/Patta-benificiary.html">"Welcome to official website of District Administration Ujjain (M.P.) India"</a>. ujjain.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ujjain.nic.in/Benificiary_List/patta/Patta-benificiary.html">the original</a> on 6 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+official+website+of+District+Administration+Ujjain+%28M.P.%29+India&rft.pub=ujjain.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ujjain.nic.in%2FBenificiary_List%2Fpatta%2FPatta-benificiary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-glance-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-glance_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpurban.gov.in/Pdf/CDP/Indore%20CDP_%20Final.pdf">"Information at a glance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. MPurban<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+at+a+glance&rft.pub=MPurban&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpurban.gov.in%2FPdf%2FCDP%2FIndore%2520CDP_%2520Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517180755/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1222.htm?ac=22">"Constituencywise-All Candidates"</a>. Eciresults.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS1222.htm?ac=22">the original</a> on 17 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constituencywise-All+Candidates&rft.pub=Eciresults.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feciresults.nic.in%2FConstituencywiseS1222.htm%3Fac%3D22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news18.com/news/politics/ujjain-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2154519.html">"Ujjain Election Results 2019 Live Updates: Anil Firojiya of BJPWins"</a>. <i>News18</i>. 23 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News18&rft.atitle=Ujjain+Election+Results+2019+Live+Updates%3A+Anil+Firojiya+of+BJPWins&rft.date=2019-05-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news18.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fujjain-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2154519.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelearningpoint.net/home/school-listings/cbse-1/KALIDAS-MONTESSORI-SR-SEC-SCHOOL-BAMBAKHANA-UJJAIN-MADHYA-PRADESH-1030008">"KALIDAS MONTESSORI SR SEC SCHOOL BAMBAKHANA UJJAIN MADHYA PRADESH - the Learning Point"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KALIDAS+MONTESSORI+SR+SEC+SCHOOL+BAMBAKHANA+UJJAIN+MADHYA+PRADESH+-+the+Learning+Point&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelearningpoint.net%2Fhome%2Fschool-listings%2Fcbse-1%2FKALIDAS-MONTESSORI-SR-SEC-SCHOOL-BAMBAKHANA-UJJAIN-MADHYA-PRADESH-1030008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invest.mp.gov.in/">"InvestMP - MPIDC"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPIDC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPIDC (page does not exist)">MPIDC</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MPIDC&rft.atitle=InvestMP+-+MPIDC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvest.mp.gov.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/ujjain-s-knowledge-city-renamed-vikram-udyog-nagari-114050500951_1.html">"Ujjain's 'Knowledge City' renamed 'Vikram Udyog Nagari'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ujjain%27s+%27Knowledge+City%27+renamed+%27Vikram+Udyog+Nagari%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fcurrent-affairs%2Fujjain-s-knowledge-city-renamed-vikram-udyog-nagari-114050500951_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgam_Gupta2013" class="citation book cs1">Agam Gupta (September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vfkHAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA31"><i>Unfolding Faith: A Journey to the Kumbh</i></a>. Partridge Publishing. pp. 31–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4828-1213-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4828-1213-8"><bdi>978-1-4828-1213-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unfolding+Faith%3A+A+Journey+to+the+Kumbh&rft.pages=31-&rft.pub=Partridge+Publishing&rft.date=2013-09&rft.isbn=978-1-4828-1213-8&rft.au=Agam+Gupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvfkHAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKagyung" class="citation web cs1">Kagyung, Biplob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/ujjain-junction-ujn/10">"Ujjain Railway Station Map/Atlas WR/Western Zone - Railway Enquiry"</a>. <i>indiarailinfo.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indiarailinfo.com&rft.atitle=Ujjain+Railway+Station+Map%2FAtlas+WR%2FWestern+Zone+-+Railway+Enquiry&rft.aulast=Kagyung&rft.aufirst=Biplob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiarailinfo.com%2Fstation%2Fmap%2Fujjain-junction-ujn%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html">"[IRFCA] Electrification History from CORE"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%26%2391%3BIRFCA%26%2393%3B+Electrification+History+from+CORE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firfca.org%2Fdocs%2Felectrification-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208120000/http://udaujjain.org/uda/?page_id=42">"UDA"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://udaujjain.org/uda/?page_id=42">the original</a> on 8 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UDA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fudaujjain.org%2Fuda%2F%3Fpage_id%3D42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/ujjain-city-development-plan-ujjain-municipal-corporation">"National Portal of India"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Portal+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Fujjain-city-development-plan-ujjain-municipal-corporation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208205744/http://www.mpurban.gov.in/Pdf/CDP/Ujjain%20CDP_Final%20.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mpurban.gov.in/Pdf/CDP/Ujjain%20CDP_Final%20.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpurban.gov.in%2FPdf%2FCDP%2FUjjain%2520CDP_Final%2520.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308184258/http://jnnurmmis.nic.in/toolkit/CDP_Ujjain.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jnnurmmis.nic.in/toolkit/CDP_Ujjain.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjnnurmmis.nic.in%2Ftoolkit%2FCDP_Ujjain.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jnnurm.nic.in/">Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510225954/http://jnnurm.nic.in/">Archived</a> 10 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/smart-cities-under-jnnurmii-kamal-nath/1045847">Indian Express</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/indian-iron-and-steel-company-stanton-pipe-factory-ground-ujjain-58508">"Indian Iron and Steel Company Stanton Pipe Factory Ground - Cricket Ground in Ujjain, India"</a>. <i>ESPNcricinfo</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPNcricinfo&rft.atitle=Indian+Iron+and+Steel+Company+Stanton+Pipe+Factory+Ground+-+Cricket+Ground+in+Ujjain%2C+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fcricket-grounds%2Findian-iron-and-steel-company-stanton-pipe-factory-ground-ujjain-58508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dainik_Bhaskar_2022-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dainik_Bhaskar_2022_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bhaskar.com/national/">"देश - National"</a>. <i>Dainik Bhaskar</i> (in Hindi). 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dainik+Bhaskar&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6+-+National&rft.date=2022-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhaskar.com%2Fnational%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mygov.in/group-issue/smart-city-ujjain/">"Smart City Ujjain"</a>. <i>MyGov.in</i>. 21 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MyGov.in&rft.atitle=Smart+City+Ujjain&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mygov.in%2Fgroup-issue%2Fsmart-city-ujjain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mid-Day_2023-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mid-Day_2023_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mid-day.com/sunday-mid-day/article/how-linkedin-became-sexy-23257626">"How LinkedIn Became Sexy"</a>. <i>Mid-Day</i>. 27 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mid-Day&rft.atitle=How+LinkedIn+Became+Sexy&rft.date=2022-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mid-day.com%2Fsunday-mid-day%2Farticle%2Fhow-linkedin-became-sexy-23257626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahman_AliAshok_TrivediDhirendra_Solanki2004" class="citation book cs1">Rahman Ali; Ashok Trivedi; Dhirendra Solanki (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SwpuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Buddhist remains of Ujjain region: excavations at Ṣodañga</i></a>. Sharada Pub. House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-88934-15-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-88934-15-7"><bdi>978-81-88934-15-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhist+remains+of+Ujjain+region%3A+excavations+at+%E1%B9%A2oda%C3%B1ga&rft.pub=Sharada+Pub.+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-88934-15-7&rft.au=Rahman+Ali&rft.au=Ashok+Trivedi&rft.au=Dhirendra+Solanki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSwpuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDipak_Kumar_Samanta1996" class="citation book cs1">Dipak Kumar Samanta (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vDnkAAAAMAAJ"><i>Sacred Complex of Ujjain</i></a>. D.K. Printworld. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-246-0078-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-246-0078-8"><bdi>978-81-246-0078-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Complex+of+Ujjain&rft.pub=D.K.+Printworld&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-246-0078-8&rft.au=Dipak+Kumar+Samanta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvDnkAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hunter, Cotton, Burn, Meyer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/">"The Imperial Gazetteer of India"</a>, 2006. Oxford, <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. 1909.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDongray1935" class="citation book cs1">Dongray, Keshav Rao Balwant (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/ujjain035489mbp#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Ujjain</i></a>. Alijar Darbar Press, Gwalior.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ujjain&rft.pub=Alijar+Darbar+Press%2C+Gwalior&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Dongray&rft.aufirst=Keshav+Rao+Balwant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fujjain035489mbp%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPranab_Kumar_Bhattacharyya1977" class="citation book cs1">Pranab Kumar Bhattacharyya (1977). <i>Historical Geography of Madhya Pradesh from Early Records</i>. <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Banarsidass" title="Motilal Banarsidass">Motilal Banarsidass</a>. p. 275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8426-9091-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8426-9091-1"><bdi>978-0-8426-9091-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+Madhya+Pradesh+from+Early+Records&rft.pages=275&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8426-9091-1&rft.au=Pranab+Kumar+Bhattacharyya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUjjain" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>Ujjain Metropolitan areas Sodang, Surasa, Tajpur, Chandesra, Chintaman-Jawasia, Chandukhedi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ujjain" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ujjain">Ujjain</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ujjain" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Ujjain">Ujjain</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ujjain" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ujjain">Ujjain</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125123834/http://nagarnigamujjain.org/">Official website of Ujjain Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ujjain.nic.in/">Official website of Ujjain district</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630201443/http://ujjain.nic.in/">Archived</a> 30 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simhasthujjain.in/">Official website of Ujjain Kumbh Mela</a></li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205051830/http://www.simhasthujjain.in/">Archived</a> 5 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ujjain#Q200119" class="extiw" title="voy:Ujjain">Ujjain</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Ujjain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:City_of_Ujjain" title="Template:City of Ujjain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:City_of_Ujjain" title="Template talk:City of Ujjain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:City_of_Ujjain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:City of Ujjain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Ujjain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Ujjain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avanti_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avanti (India)">Avantika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanti_kingdom_(Mahabharata)" title="Avanti kingdom (Mahabharata)">Avanti kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha" title="Harsha">Harsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Harsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire of Harsha">Empire of Harsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malava_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Malava Kingdom">Malava Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_Subah" title="Malwa Subah">Malwa Subah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardhanagari" title="Ardhanagari">Ardhanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa_Sultanate" title="Malwa Sultanate">Malwa Sultanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_II" title="Chandragupta II">Chandragupta II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABl%C4%81vat%C4%AB" title="Līlāvatī">Līlāvatī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasodharman" class="mw-redirect" title="Yasodharman">Yasodharman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalidasa" title="Kalidasa">Kalidasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryabhata" title="Aryabhata">Aryabhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scindia" class="mw-redirect" title="Scindia">Scindia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranoji_Scindia" title="Ranoji Scindia">Ranoji Scindia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Bharat" title="Madhya Bharat">Madhya Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Ujjain_and_Haridwar_stampedes" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Ujjain and Haridwar stampedes">1996 Ujjain and Haridwar stampedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Ujjain" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Ujjain">Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain Simhastha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindhya_Range" title="Vindhya Range">Vindhya Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipra_River" title="Shipra River">Shipra River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambhir_river,_Madhya_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambhir river, Madhya Pradesh">Gambhir River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahn_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kahn River">Kahn River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Municipal_Corporation" title="Ujjain Municipal Corporation">Ujjain Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Development_Authority" title="Ujjain Development Authority">Ujjain Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_division" title="Ujjain division">Ujjain division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)">Ujjain (Lok Sabha constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Dakshin_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjain Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Ujjain Dakshin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Uttar_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjain Uttar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Ujjain Uttar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghatiya_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghatiya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)">Ghatiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_monuments_in_Ujjain" title="Ancient monuments in Ujjain">Ancient monuments in Ujjain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintaman_Ganesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chintaman Ganesh">Chintaman Ganesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Durgadas_Ki_Chhatri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Durgadas Ki Chhatri (page does not exist)">Durgadas Ki Chhatri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harsidhhi_Temple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harsidhhi Temple (page does not exist)">Harsidhhi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jantar_Mantar,_Ujjain" title="Jantar Mantar, Ujjain">Jantar Mantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kal_Bhairav_temple,_Ujjain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kal Bhairav temple, Ujjain">Kal Bhairav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalidasa_Akademi" title="Kalidasa Akademi">Kalidasa Akademi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliadeh_Palace" title="Kaliadeh Palace">Kaliadeh Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Jyotirlinga" title="Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga">Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalnath_Temple" title="Mangalnath Temple">Mangalnath Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandipani_Ashram" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandipani Ashram">Sandipani Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Dattatreya_Akhara" title="Shri Dattatreya Akhara">Shri Dattatreya Akhara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siddha_Ashram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siddha Ashram (page does not exist)">Siddha Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_Statue" title="Vikramaditya Statue">Vikramaditya Statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Udyog_Nagari" title="Vikram Udyog Nagari">Vikram Udyog Nagari</a> †</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Junction_railway_station" title="Ujjain Junction railway station">Ujjain Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Airstrip" title="Ujjain Airstrip">Ujjain Airstrip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramnagar_railway_station" title="Vikramnagar railway station">Vikramnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matana_Buzurg_railway_station" title="Matana Buzurg railway station">Matana Buzurg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingleshwar_railway_station" title="Pingleshwar railway station">Pingleshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintaman_Ganesh_railway_station" title="Chintaman Ganesh railway station">Chintaman Ganesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Kheda_Inter_State_Bus_Terminal" title="Nana Kheda Inter State Bus Terminal">Nana Kheda Bus Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas_Gate_Inter_State_Bus_Stand" title="Dewas Gate Inter State Bus Stand">Dewas Gate Bus Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain_City_Transport_Corporation_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ujjain City Transport Corporation Limited (page does not exist)">Ujjain City Transport Corporation Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajputana%E2%80%93Malwa_Railway" title="Rajputana–Malwa Railway">Rajputana–Malwa Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_University" title="Vikram University">Vikram University‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Panini_Sanskrit_Evam_Vedic_Vishwavidyalaya" title="Maharishi Panini Sanskrit Evam Vedic Vishwavidyalaya">Maharishi Panini Sanskrit Evam Vedic Vishwavidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avantika_University" title="Avantika University">Avantika University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Girls_PG_College,_Ujjain" title="Government Girls PG College, Ujjain">Government Girls PG College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Kalidas_Girls_College,_Ujjain" title="Government Kalidas Girls College, Ujjain">Government Kalidas Girls College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Law_College,_Ujjain" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Law College, Ujjain">Government Law College</a></li> <li>Institute of Pharmacy</li> <li>Institute of Computer Science</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokmany_Tilak_Education_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokmany Tilak Education College (page does not exist)">Lokmany Tilak Education College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lokmanya_Tilak_Science_And_Commerce_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lokmanya Tilak Science And Commerce College (page does not exist)">Lokmanya Tilak Science And Commerce College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakal_Institute_of_Technology_(Ujjain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahakal Institute of Technology (Ujjain)">Mahakal Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahraja_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahraja College (page does not exist)">Mahraja College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Madhav_Arts_and_Commerce_College,_Ujjain" title="Government Madhav Arts and Commerce College, Ujjain">Madhav Arts and Commerce College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Madhav_Science_College,_Ujjain" title="Government Madhav Science College, Ujjain">Madhav Science College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakal_Institute_of_Technology_(Ujjain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahakal Institute of Technology (Ujjain)">Mahakal Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pt._Jawaharlal_Nehru_Institute_of_Business_Management" title="Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Business Management">Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Business Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruxmaniben_Deepchand_Gardi_Medical_College" title="Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College">Ruxmaniben Deepchand Gardi Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandipani_Law_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandipani Law College (page does not exist)">Sandipani Law College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Engineering_College" title="Ujjain Engineering College">Ujjain Engineering College</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Paul%27s_Higher_Secondary_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Paul's Higher Secondary School (page does not exist)">St Paul's Higher Secondary School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Convent_School,_Ujjain" title="St. Mary's Convent School, Ujjain">St. Mary's Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Public_School" title="Ujjain Public School">Ujjain Public School</a></li> <li>Carmel Convent School</li> <li>Christ Jyoti Convent School</li> <li>Central School, Nagziri</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalidas_Montessori_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalidas Montessori School (page does not exist)">Kalidas Montessori School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Divisional_Cricket_Association" title="Ujjain Divisional Cricket Association">Ujjain Divisional Cricket Association</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ujjain_Divisional_cricket_team&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ujjain Divisional cricket team (page does not exist)">Ujjain Divisional cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Iron_and_Steel_Company_Stanton_Pipe_Factory_Ground" title="Indian Iron and Steel Company Stanton Pipe Factory Ground">Pipe Factory Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madhav_College_Ground&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madhav College Ground (page does not exist)">Madhav College Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakal_Institute_of_Technology_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahakal Institute of Technology Ground">Mahakal Institute of Technology Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dussehra_Maidan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dussehra Maidan (page does not exist)">Dussehra Maidan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahanada_Sports_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahanada Sports Complex (page does not exist)">Mahanada Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Cricket_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujjain Cricket Stadium">Ujjain Cricket Stadium</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_University_Ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikram University Ground">Vikram University Ground</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suburbs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Nagar,_Ujjain" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhav Nagar, Ujjain">Madhav Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganj" title="Freeganj">Freeganj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanwarkhedi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanwarkhedi (page does not exist)">Sanwarkhedi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhairavgarh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhairavgarh (page does not exist)">Bhairavgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Nagar,_Ujjian" title="Vikram Nagar, Ujjian">Vikram Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triveni,_Ujjian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triveni, Ujjian (page does not exist)">Triveni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagziri">Nagziri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nana_Kheda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nana Kheda (page does not exist)">Nana Kheda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narsing_Ghat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narsing Ghat (page does not exist)">Narsing Ghat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* Planned</li> <li>† Under construction</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_inscriptions_and_arts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_inscriptions_and_arts" title="Template:Hindu inscriptions and arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_inscriptions_and_arts" title="Template talk:Hindu inscriptions and arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_inscriptions_and_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu inscriptions and arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_inscriptions_and_arts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu inscriptions and arts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture#Glossary" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu architecture and art glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Beginnings<br />(before<br />400 CE)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Arts, sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Didarganj_Yakshi" title="Didarganj Yakshi">Didarganj Yakshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeii_Lakshmi" title="Pompeii Lakshmi">Pompeii Lakshmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Archaeological sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Mathura" title="Art of Mathura">Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bet_Dwarka" title="Bet Dwarka">Bet Dwarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihar" title="Dihar">Dihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumhrar" title="Kumhrar">Kumhrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandu_Rajar_Dhibi" title="Pandu Rajar Dhibi">Pandu Rajar Dhibi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Inscriptions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_Inscription_of_Dhana" title="Ayodhya Inscription of Dhana">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathibada_Ghosundi_Inscriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Hathibada Ghosundi Inscriptions">Hathibada Ghosundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliodorus_pillar" title="Heliodorus pillar">Heliodorus pillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakulisa_Mathura_Pillar_Inscription" title="Lakulisa Mathura Pillar Inscription">Lakulisa Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mora_Well_Inscription" title="Mora Well Inscription">Mora Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Temple_inscription" title="Mountain Temple inscription">Mountain Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naneghat" title="Naneghat">Naneghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reh_Inscription" title="Reh Inscription">Reh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavanarajya_inscription" title="Yavanarajya inscription">Yavanarajya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasu_Doorjamb_Inscription" title="Vasu Doorjamb Inscription">Vasu Doorjamb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hindu "Om" symbol"><img alt="Hindu "Om" symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Aum_Om_blue_circle_orange.svg/80px-Aum_Om_blue_circle_orange.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Aum_Om_blue_circle_orange.svg/120px-Aum_Om_blue_circle_orange.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Aum_Om_blue_circle_orange.svg/160px-Aum_Om_blue_circle_orange.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="507" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Maturity<br />(400-899 CE)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFCC00;font-weight:normal;">Arts, sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja" title="Nataraja">Nataraja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFCC00;font-weight:normal;">Archaeological sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besnagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Besnagar">Besnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandraketugarh" title="Chandraketugarh">Chandraketugarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirpur_Group_of_Monuments" title="Sirpur Group of Monuments">Sirpur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ujjain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFCC00;font-weight:normal;">Inscriptions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gadhwa_Stone_Inscriptions" title="Gadhwa Stone Inscriptions">Gadhwa Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopika_Cave_Inscription" title="Gopika Cave Inscription">Gopika Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadathika_Cave_Inscription" title="Vadathika Cave Inscription">Vadathika Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandsaur_stone_inscription_of_Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana" title="Mandsaur stone inscription of Yashodharman-Vishnuvardhana">Mandasor Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandasor_Pillar_Inscriptions_of_Yasodharman" title="Mandasor Pillar Inscriptions of Yasodharman">Mandasor Pillar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFCC00;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">400-599 CE</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Udayagiri_Caves" title="Udayagiri Caves">Udayagiri Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumara_Temple" title="Bhumara Temple">Bhumara Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara_Temple,_Deogarh" title="Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eran" title="Eran">Eran Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachna_Hindu_temples" title="Nachna Hindu temples">Nachna Parvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigawa" title="Tigawa">Tigawa Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gop_Temple" title="Gop Temple">Gop Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupatinath_Temple,_Mandsaur" title="Pashupatinath Temple, Mandsaur">Mandasor Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami_cave_temples" title="Badami cave temples">Badami Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephanta_Caves" title="Elephanta Caves">Elephanta Caves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">600-899 CE</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateshwar_Hindu_temples,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Bateshwar Hindu temples, Madhya Pradesh">Bateshwar Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teli_ka_Mandir" title="Teli ka Mandir">Teli ka Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaturbhuj_Temple,_Gwalior" title="Chaturbhuj Temple, Gwalior">Chaturbhuj Gwalior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masrur_Temples" title="Masrur Temples">Masrur Himachal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshana_Devi_Temple,_Bharmour" title="Lakshana Devi Temple, Bharmour">Lakshana Devi</a></li> <li>Alampur Telangana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alampur_Navabrahma_Temples" title="Alampur Navabrahma Temples">Navabrahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alampur_Papanasi_Temples" title="Alampur Papanasi Temples">Papanasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somnath_temple" title="Somnath temple">Somnath Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarkadhish_Temple" title="Dwarkadhish Temple">Dwarka Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabalipuram" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahabalipuram">Mahabalipuram Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirpur_Group_of_Monuments" title="Sirpur Group of Monuments">Sirpur Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" title="Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Srirangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Temple" title="Meenakshi Temple">Meenakshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Advanced<br />(900-1299 CE)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Archaeological sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halebidu" title="Halebidu">Halebidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Kamdev" title="Madan Kamdev">Madan Kamdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somanathapura" title="Somanathapura">Somanathapura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brihadisvara_Temple,_Thanjavur" class="mw-redirect" title="Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur">Brihadisvara Thanjavur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadisvara_Temple,_Gangaikonda_Cholapuram" title="Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram">Brihadisvara Gangaikondacholapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airavatesvara_Temple" title="Airavatesvara Temple">Airavatesvara Darasuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennakeshava_Temple,_Belur" title="Chennakeshava Temple, Belur">Chennakeshava Belur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennakesava_Temple,_Somanathapura" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennakesava Temple, Somanathapura">Chennakesava Somanathapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysaleswara_Temple" title="Hoysaleswara Temple">Hoysaleswara Halebidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_Sri_Krishna_Matha" title="Udupi Sri Krishna Matha">Udupi Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Nataraja Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple,_Tirumala" title="Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Temple,_Modhera" title="Sun Temple, Modhera">Modhera Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deo_Surya_Mandir" title="Deo Surya Mandir">Dewark Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khajuraho_Group_of_Monuments" title="Khajuraho Group of Monuments">Khajuraho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jageshwar_Temples,_Uttarkhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Jageshwar Temples, Uttarkhand">Jageshwar Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasbahu_Temple,_Gwalior" title="Sasbahu Temple, Gwalior">Sasbahu Gwalior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark_Sun_Temple" title="Konark Sun Temple">Konark Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath Puri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Revival<br />(1400-1799 CE)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFCC00;font-weight:normal;">Archaeological sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Pilgrimage sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><small>Note:</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>The above list of archaeological sites, inscriptions and temples is grossly incomplete.</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_holy_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Template:Hindu holy cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Template talk:Hindu holy cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu holy cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_holy_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> holy cities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Char_Dham" title="Char Dham">Char Dham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwarkadhish_Temple" title="Dwarkadhish Temple">Dwarkadhish Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathaswamy_Temple" title="Ramanathaswamy Temple">Ramanathaswamy Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chota_Char_Dham" title="Chota Char Dham">Chota Char Dham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangotri" title="Gangotri">Gangotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri" title="Yamunotri">Yamunotri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri_Temple" title="Yamunotri Temple">Yamunotri Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panch_Kedar" title="Panch Kedar">Panch Kedar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalpeshwar" title="Kalpeshwar">Kalpeshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaheshwar" title="Madhyamaheshwar">Madhyamaheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudranath" title="Rudranath">Rudranath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungnath" title="Tungnath">Tungnath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancharama_Kshetras" title="Pancharama Kshetras">Pancharama Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amararama" title="Amararama">Amararama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draksharama" class="mw-redirect" title="Draksharama">Draksharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksheerarama" title="Ksheerarama">Ksheerarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumararama" title="Kumararama">Kumararama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somarama" title="Somarama">Somarama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Six_Abodes_of_Murugan" title="Six Abodes of Murugan">Six Abodes of Murugan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palani" title="Palani">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Solaimalai_Murugan_Temple,_Pazhamudircholai" class="mw-redirect" title="Arulmigu Solaimalai Murugan Temple, Pazhamudircholai">Pazhamudircholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamimalai" title="Swamimalai">Swamimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruparankundram" title="Thiruparankundram">Thiruparankundram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruttani" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruttani">Thiruttani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchendur" title="Tiruchendur">Tiruchendur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trilinga_Kshetras" title="Trilinga Kshetras">Trilinga Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draksharama" class="mw-redirect" title="Draksharama">Draksharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleshwaram" title="Kaleshwaram">Kaleshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam" title="Srisailam">Srisailam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ashtavinayaka" title="Ashtavinayaka">Ashtavinayaka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenyadri" title="Lenyadri">Lenyadri</a> <ul><li>Girijatmaja</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahad" title="Mahad">Mahad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varadvinayak" title="Varadvinayak">Varadvinayaka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Morgaon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha_Temple,_Morgaon" title="Ganesha Temple, Morgaon">Mayureshwara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ozar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vigneshwara_Temple,_Ozar" title="Vigneshwara Temple, Ozar">Vighneswara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali,_Raigad" title="Pali, Raigad">Pali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballaleshwar_Pali" title="Ballaleshwar Pali">Ballaleshwara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjangaon" title="Ranjangaon">Ranjangaon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranjangaon_Ganpati" title="Ranjangaon Ganpati">Mahaganapati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhatek" title="Siddhatek">Siddhatek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siddhivinayak_Temple,_Siddhatek" title="Siddhivinayak Temple, Siddhatek">Siddhivinayaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Temple,_Theur" title="Chintamani Temple, Theur">Theur</a> <ul><li>Chintamani</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jyotirlinga" title="Jyotirlinga">Jyotirlinga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deoghar" title="Deoghar">Deoghar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baidyanath_Temple" title="Baidyanath Temple">Vaidyanath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nageshvara_Jyotirlinga" title="Nageshvara Jyotirlinga">Nageshvara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grishneshwar_Temple" title="Grishneshwar Temple">Grishneshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandwa_district" title="Khandwa district">Khandwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omkareshwar_Temple" title="Omkareshwar Temple">Omkareshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhas_Patan" title="Prabhas Patan">Prabhas Patan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somnath_temple" title="Somnath temple">Somnath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khed_taluka" title="Khed taluka">Rajgurunagar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhimashankar_Temple" title="Bhimashankar Temple">Bhimashankar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathaswamy_Temple" title="Ramanathaswamy Temple">Ramanathaswamy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam" title="Srisailam">Srisailam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam#The_Temple" title="Srisailam">Mallikājuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbak" title="Trimbak">Trimbak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Shiva_Temple" title="Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple">Trimbakeshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ujjain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Jyotirlinga" title="Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga">Mahakaleshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashi_Vishwanath_Temple" title="Kashi Vishwanath Temple">Kasi Vishvanath</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhoota_Stalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancha Bhoota Stalam">Panchabootha Lingas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachalesvara_Temple" title="Arunachalesvara Temple">Annamalai (Fire)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvannamalai" title="Tiruvannamalai">Tiruvannamalai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Chidambaram (Ether)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekambareswarar_Temple_(Kanchipuram)" title="Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)">Ekambareswarar (Earth)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambukeswarar_Temple,_Thiruvanaikaval" title="Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval">Jambukeswarar (Water)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvanaikaval" title="Thiruvanaikaval">Thiruvanaikaval</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasteeswara_temple" title="Srikalahasteeswara temple">Srikalahasti (Air)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti" title="Srikalahasti">Srikalahasti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Sabhai" title="Pancha Sabhai">Pancha Sabhas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirukutralam" title="Thirukutralam">Art/Chithiram, Courtallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellaiappar_Temple" title="Nellaiappar Temple">Copper/Thamiram, Nellai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vadaranyeswarar_Temple" title="Sri Vadaranyeswarar Temple">Emerald/Rathinam, Thiruvalangadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Gold/Pon, Thillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Temple,_Madurai" class="mw-redirect" title="Meenakshi Temple, Madurai">Silver/Velli, Madurai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sapta_Puri" title="Sapta Puri">Sapta Puris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Avantika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Kashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Maya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Shakti Peeths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vimala_Temple" title="Vimala Temple">Vimala Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taratarini_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Taratarini Temple">Taratarini Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakhya_Temple" title="Kamakhya Temple">Kamakhya Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat_Kali_Temple" title="Kalighat Kali Temple">Kalighat Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukkuteswara_Temple" title="Kukkuteswara Temple">Kukkuteswara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneswaram_Temple" title="Koneswaram Temple">Koneswaram Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakshi_Amman_Temple" title="Kamakshi Amman Temple">Kamakshi Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamundeshwari_Temple" title="Chamundeshwari Temple">Chamundeshwari Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Temple,_Kolhapur" title="Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur">Mahalakshmi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biraja_Temple" title="Biraja Temple">Biraja Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopi_Devi_Mandir" title="Alopi Devi Mandir">Alopi Devi Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangla_Gauri_Temple" title="Mangla Gauri Temple">Mangla Gauri Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishalakshi_Temple" title="Vishalakshi Temple">Vishalakshi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha#List_of_51_Shakti_Peethas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kumbha_Mela" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbha Mela">Kumbha Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a>-<a href="/wiki/Trimbak" title="Trimbak">Trimbak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik-Trimbak Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a> (Prayaga) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayaga Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ujjain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chhath" title="Chhath">Sun Temple for Chhath Puja</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deo_Surya_Mandir" title="Deo Surya Mandir">Deo Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umga_Sun_Temple" title="Umga Sun Temple">Umga Sun Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Navagraha_temples_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Navagraha temples in Tamil Nadu">Navagraha temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suryanar_Kovil" title="Suryanar Kovil">Suryanar Kovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailasanthar_Temple,Thingalur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailasanthar Temple,Thingalur">Kailasanathar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaitheeswaran_Koil" title="Vaitheeswaran Koil">Vaitheeswaran Koil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swetharanyeswarar_Temple" title="Swetharanyeswarar Temple">Swetharanyeswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatsahayesvarar_Temple,_Alangudi" title="Apatsahayesvarar Temple, Alangudi">Apatsahayesvarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agniswarar_Temple,_Kanjanur" title="Agniswarar Temple, Kanjanur">Agniswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirunallar_Saniswaran_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple">Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahu_Stalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahu Stalam">Rahu Stalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagannathaswamy_Temple,_Keezhaperumpallam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagannathaswamy Temple, Keezhaperumpallam">Nagannathaswamy Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><b>Important</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Temple" title="Amarnath Temple">Amarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundha_Nagnath" title="Aundha Nagnath">Aundha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabaleshwar_Temple,_Gokarna" title="Mahabaleshwar Temple, Gokarna">Gokarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple" title="Kandariya Mahadeva Temple">Khajuraho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudalasangama" title="Kudalasangama">Kudalasangama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_Temple" title="Lingaraja Temple">Lingaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paadal_Petra_Sthalam" title="Paadal Petra Sthalam">Paadal Petra Sthalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadisvara_Temple,_Thanjavur" class="mw-redirect" title="Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyagaraja_Temple,_Tiruvarur" title="Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur">Thiruvarur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkunnathan_Temple" title="Vadakkunnathan Temple">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom_Sree_Mahadeva_Temple" title="Vaikom Sree Mahadeva Temple">Vaikom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(shrine)" title="Samadhi (shrine)">Samadhis</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alandi" title="Alandi">Alandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur_Math" title="Belur Math">Belur Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Ghat" title="Tulsi Ghat">Tulsi Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meherabad" title="Meherabad">Meherabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirdi" title="Shirdi">Shirdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a></li> <li>Panchaganga Ghat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanthi_Nilayam" title="Prasanthi Nilayam">Prasanthi Nilayam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahobilam" title="Ahobilam">Ahobilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambaji" title="Ambaji">Ambaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annavaram" title="Annavaram">Annavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachala" title="Arunachala">Arunachala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnana_Saraswati_Temple,_Basar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnana Saraswati Temple, Basar">Basar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Ramachandraswamy_Temple,_Bhadrachalam" title="Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple, Bhadrachalam">Bhadrachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitrakoot,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh">Chitrakoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara" title="Chottanikkara">Chottanikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakor" title="Dakor">Dakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple" title="Dakshineswar Kali Temple">Dakshineswar Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deo,_Bihar" title="Deo, Bihar">Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmasthala" title="Dharmasthala">Dharmasthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettumanoor" title="Ettumanoor">Ettumanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaya,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya, India">Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokul" title="Gokul">Gokul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayur" title="Guruvayur">Guruvayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Indraprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jageshwar" title="Jageshwar">Jageshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biraja_Temple" title="Biraja Temple">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat" title="Kalighat">Kalighat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi_Temple" title="Vaishno Devi Temple">Katra Vaishno Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatushyamji,_Rajasthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatushyamji, Rajasthan">Khatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollur,_Udupi_district" title="Kollur, Udupi district">Kollur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Kumbakonam" title="List of Hindu temples in Kumbakonam">Kumbakonam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra" title="Kurukshetra">Kurukshetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalagiri" title="Mangalagiri">Mangalagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayapur" title="Mayapur">Mayapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabadwip" title="Nabadwip">Nabadwip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathdwara" title="Nathdwara">Nathdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Prayag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkar" title="Pushkar">Pushkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpagiri,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Pushpagiri, Andhra Pradesh">Pushpagiri Temple Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishikesh" title="Rishikesh">Rishikesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryali" title="Ryali">Ryali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarimala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabarimala">Sabarimala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Shakti Pitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Lakshmi_Narasimha_temple,_Simhachalam" title="Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam">Simhachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somnath_temple" title="Somnath temple">Somnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonamukhi" title="Sonamukhi">Sonamukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kurmam" title="Sri Kurmam">Sri Kurmam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(Gandhinagar)" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)">Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(New_Delhi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)">Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchanur" title="Tiruchanur">Tiruchanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirunavaya" title="Tirunavaya">Tirunavaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velliangiri_Mountains" title="Velliangiri Mountains">Velliangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rajeswara_Temple,_Vemulawada" title="Raja Rajeswara Temple, Vemulawada">Vemulawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Durga_Temple" title="Kanaka Durga Temple">Vijayawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lakshmi_Narasimha_Swamy_Temple,_Yadadri" title="Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, Yadadri">Yadagirigutta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aum"><img alt="Aum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/30px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/45px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/60px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><b>Out of India</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ateshgah_of_Baku" title="Ateshgah of Baku">Ateshgah of Baku (Azerbaijan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_S%C6%A1n" title="Mỹ Sơn">Bhadreshwaram (Vietnam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_Talao" title="Ganga Talao">Ganga Talao (Mauritius)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraivan_Temple" title="Iraivan Temple">Iraivan temple (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_Temple_(Quanzhou)" title="Kaiyuan Temple (Quanzhou)">Kadhalishwaram ruins (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Mount Kailash (Tibet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sivan_Temple" title="Sri Sivan Temple">Sivan temple (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanom_Rung_Historical_Park" title="Phanom Rung Historical Park">Sthūlādri (Thailand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_the_Sea" title="Temple in the Sea">Temple in the Sea (Trinidad and Tobago)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasathan" title="Devasathan">Thewasathan Bot Phram</a> (<a href="/wiki/Giant_Swing" title="Giant Swing">Sao Chingcha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banteay_Srei" title="Banteay Srei">Tribhuvanamāhesvaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_temple" title="Balinese temple">Balinese temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besakih_Temple" title="Besakih Temple">Besakih Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surawana" title="Surawana">Candi Surawana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangkuang" title="Cangkuang">Cangkuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_Temple" title="Ceto Temple">Ceto Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpasar" title="Denpasar">Denpasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieng_Plateau" title="Dieng Plateau">Dieng Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebang" title="Gebang">Gebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedong_Songo" title="Gedong Songo">Gedong Songo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianyar_Regency" title="Gianyar Regency">Gianyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunung_Kawi" title="Gunung Kawi">Gunung Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Temple" title="Jawi Temple">Jawi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidal_Temple" title="Kidal Temple">Kidal Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marga,_Tabanan" title="Marga, Tabanan">Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pejeng" title="Pejeng">Pejeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penataran" title="Penataran">Penataran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluwatu_Temple" title="Uluwatu Temple">Pura Luhur Ulu Watu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Penataran_Sasih" title="Pura Penataran Sasih">Pura Penataran Sasih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Ulun_Danu_Batur" title="Pura Ulun Danu Batur">Pura Ulun Danu Batur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Ulun_Danu_Bratan" title="Pura Ulun Danu Bratan">Pura Ulun Danu Bratan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Shivagraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhasari_temple" title="Singhasari temple">Singhasari temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukuh" title="Sukuh">Sukuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanah_Lot" title="Tanah Lot">Tanah Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirta_Empul" title="Tirta Empul">Tirta Empul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barahachhetra" class="mw-redirect" title="Barahachhetra">Chataradham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janakpur" title="Janakpur">Janakpurdham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupatinath_Temple" title="Pashupatinath Temple">Pashupatinath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinglaj" title="Hinglaj">Hinglaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_Peeth" title="Sharada Peeth">Sharada Peeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan_Sun_Temple" title="Multan Sun Temple">Multan Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katas_Raj_Temples" title="Katas Raj Temples">Katas Raj Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amb_Temples" title="Amb Temples">Amb Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Kali_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat Kali Temple">Kalat Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarparkar_Temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagarparkar Temples">Nagarparkar Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansehra_Shiva_Temple" title="Mansehra Shiva Temple">Mansehra Shiva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Temple" title="Lava Temple">Lava Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Sialkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannath Temple, Sialkot">Jagannath Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrio_Jabal" class="mw-redirect" title="Churrio Jabal">Churrio Jabal Durga Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadh_Belo" title="Sadh Belo">Sadh Belo Island Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafir_Kot" title="Kafir Kot">Kafir Kot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Ishwarams" title="Pancha Ishwarams">Pancheshwarams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketheeswaram_temple" title="Ketheeswaram temple">Ketheeshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneswaram_Temple" title="Koneswaram Temple">Koneswaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munneswaram_temple" title="Munneswaram temple">Munneshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naguleswaram_temple" title="Naguleswaram temple">Naguleshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenavaram_temple" title="Tenavaram temple">Thondeshwaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ati_Konanayakar" title="Ati Konanayakar">Ati Konanayakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataragama" title="Kataragama">Kataragama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokkadicholai_Thaanthonreeswarar_Temple" title="Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar Temple">Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathirakali_Amman_Temple" title="Pathirakali Amman Temple">Pathirakali Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thambiluvil_Kannaki_Amman_Temple" title="Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple">Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thambiluvil_Sri_Sivalinga_Pillayar_Temple" title="Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple">Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkovil_Temple" title="Thirukkovil Temple">Thirukkovil Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_and_towns_in_Ujjain_division" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ujjain_Division" title="Template:Ujjain Division"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ujjain_Division" title="Template talk:Ujjain Division"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ujjain_Division" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ujjain Division"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_and_towns_in_Ujjain_division" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities and towns in <a href="/wiki/Ujjain_division" title="Ujjain division">Ujjain division</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agar_Malwa_district" title="Agar Malwa district">Agar Malwa district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agar,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Agar, Madhya Pradesh">Agar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badod" title="Badod">Badod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalkheda" title="Nalkheda">Nalkheda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susner" title="Susner">Susner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongargaon,_Agar_Malwa" title="Dongargaon, Agar Malwa">Dongargaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyatkalan" title="Soyatkalan">Soyatkalan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dewas_district" title="Dewas district">Dewas district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagli,_Dewas" title="Bagli, Dewas">Bagli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaurasa" title="Bhaurasa">Bhaurasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapda" title="Chapda">Chapda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatpipliya" title="Hatpipliya">Hatpipliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannod" title="Kannod">Kannod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantaphod" title="Kantaphod">Kantaphod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnawad" title="Karnawad">Karnawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khategaon" title="Khategaon">Khategaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loharda" title="Loharda">Loharda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemawar" title="Nemawar">Nemawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satwas" title="Satwas">Satwas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonkatch" title="Sonkatch">Sonkatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonk_Khurd" title="Tonk Khurd">Tonk Khurd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandsaur_district" title="Mandsaur district">Mandsaur district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhanpura" title="Bhanpura">Bhanpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garoth" title="Garoth">Garoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhargarh" title="Malhargarh">Malhargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandsaur" title="Mandsaur">Mandsaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayangarh,_Mandsaur" title="Narayangarh, Mandsaur">Narayangarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piplya_Mandi" title="Piplya Mandi">Piplya Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamgarh" title="Shamgarh">Shamgarh</a></li> <li>Taxakeshwar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitamau" title="Sitamau">Sitamau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neemuch_district" title="Neemuch district">Neemuch district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diken" title="Diken">Diken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawad,_India" title="Jawad, India">Jawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiran" title="Jiran">Jiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasa,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Manasa, Madhya Pradesh">Manasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neemuch" title="Neemuch">Neemuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampura,_Neemuch" title="Rampura, Neemuch">Rampura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratangarh,_Neemuch" title="Ratangarh, Neemuch">Ratangarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singoli" title="Singoli">Singoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ratlam_district" title="Ratlam district">Ratlam district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alot,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Alot, Madhya Pradesh">Alot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badawada" title="Badawada">Badawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaora" title="Jaora">Jaora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namli" title="Namli">Namli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piploda" title="Piploda">Piploda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoti" title="Raoti">Raoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratlam" title="Ratlam">Ratlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratlam_Railway_Colony" title="Ratlam Railway Colony">Ratlam Railway Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailana" title="Sailana">Sailana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Tal, Madhya Pradesh">Tal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shajapur_district" title="Shajapur district">Shajapur district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akodia" title="Akodia">Akodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badagoan" title="Badagoan">Badagoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulana,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Gulana, Madhya Pradesh">Gulana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanad" title="Kanad">Kanad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalapipal_Mandi" title="Kalapipal Mandi">Kalapipal Mandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksi" title="Maksi">Maksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polay_Kalan" title="Polay Kalan">Polay Kalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shajapur" title="Shajapur">Shajapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shujalpur" title="Shujalpur">Shujalpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_district" title="Ujjain district">Ujjain district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badnagar" title="Badnagar">Badnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gogapur">Gogapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachrod" title="Khachrod">Khachrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahidpur" title="Mahidpur">Mahidpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagda" title="Nagda">Nagda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarana_(Madhya_Pradesh)" title="Tarana (Madhya Pradesh)">Tarana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ujjain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unhel" title="Unhel">Unhel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Bharat" title="Madhya Bharat">Madhya Bharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malwa" title="Malwa">Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panth-Piploda_Province" title="Panth-Piploda Province">Panth-Piploda Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmrajeshwar" title="Dharmrajeshwar">Dharmrajeshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns<br /> in other divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bhopal_Division" title="Template:Bhopal Division">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chambal_Division" title="Template:Chambal Division">Chambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Gwalior_Division" title="Template:Gwalior Division">Gwalior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Indore_Division" title="Template:Indore Division">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jabalpur_Division" title="Template:Jabalpur Division">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Narmadapuram_Division" title="Template:Narmadapuram Division">Narmadapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Rewa_Division" title="Template:Rewa Division">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sagar_Division" title="Template:Sagar Division">Sagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shahdol_Division" title="Template:Shahdol Division">Shahdol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template talk:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Million-plus agglomerations</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Zonal_Council" title="Northern Zonal Council">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><i>Haryana</i>: <a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li><i>Jammu and Kashmir</i>: <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li> <li><i>Punjab</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li> <li><i>Rajasthan</i>: <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Zonal_Council" title="Central Zonal Council">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Chhattisgarh</i>: <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilai" title="Bhilai">Bhilai</a></li> <li><i>Madhya Pradesh</i>: <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a></li> <li><i>Uttar Pradesh</i>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zonal_Council" title="Eastern Zonal Council">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Bihar</i>: <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><i>Jharkhand</i>: <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanbad" title="Dhanbad">Dhanbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><i>West Bengal</i>: <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asansol" title="Asansol">Asansol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Zonal_Council" title="Western Zonal Council">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Gujarat</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a></li> <li><i>Maharashtra</i>: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Zonal_Council" title="Southern Zonal Council">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Andhra Pradesh</i>: <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li><i>Karnataka</i>: <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><i>Kerala</i>: <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></li> <li><i>Tamil Nadu</i>: <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli">Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li><i>Telangana</i>: <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_mathematics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_mathematics" title="Template:Indian mathematics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_mathematics" title="Template talk:Indian mathematics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_mathematics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian mathematics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_mathematics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_mathematics" title="Indian mathematics">Indian mathematics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_mathematicians" title="List of Indian mathematicians">Mathematicians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apastamba_Dharmasutra" title="Apastamba Dharmasutra">Apastamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudhayana_sutras" title="Baudhayana sutras">Baudhayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81ty%C4%81yana" title="Kātyāyana">Katyayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manava" title="Manava">Manava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingala" title="Pingala">Pingala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryabhata" title="Aryabhata">Āryabhaṭa I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryabhata_II" title="Aryabhata II">Āryabhaṭa II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81skara_I" title="Bhāskara I">Bhāskara I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81skara_II" title="Bhāskara II">Bhāskara II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpathur_Narayana_Bhattathiri" title="Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri">Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmadeva" title="Brahmadeva">Brahmadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmagupta" title="Brahmagupta">Brahmagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindasv%C4%81mi" title="Govindasvāmi">Govindasvāmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halayudha" title="Halayudha">Halayudha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jye%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADhadeva" title="Jyeṣṭhadeva">Jyeṣṭhadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalakara" title="Kamalakara">Kamalakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhava_of_Sangamagrama" title="Madhava of Sangamagrama">Mādhava of Saṅgamagrāma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81v%C4%ABra_(mathematician)" title="Mahāvīra (mathematician)">Mahāvīra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_S%C5%ABri" title="Mahendra Sūri">Mahendra Sūri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munishvara" title="Munishvara">Munishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Pandit" class="mw-redirect" title="Narayana Pandit">Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parameshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameshvara">Parameshvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyuta_Pisharati" class="mw-redirect" title="Achyuta Pisharati">Achyuta Pisharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Samrat" title="Jagannatha Samrat">Jagannatha Samrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilakantha_Somayaji" title="Nilakantha Somayaji">Nilakantha Somayaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ar%C4%ABpati" title="Śrīpati">Śrīpati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sridhara" title="Sridhara">Sridhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Var%C4%81hamihira" title="Varāhamihira">Varāhamihira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankara_Variar" title="Sankara Variar">Sankara Variar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasena" title="Virasena">Virasena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan" title="Srinivasa Ramanujan">Srinivasa Ramanujan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.C._Mahalanobis" class="mw-redirect" title="P.C. Mahalanobis">P.C. Mahalanobis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.R._Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="C.R. Rao">C.R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeravalli_S._Varadarajan" title="Veeravalli S. Varadarajan">Veeravalli S. Varadarajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Parthasarathy_(probabilist)" title="K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)">K. R. Parthasarathy (probabilist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Narasimhan" title="M. S. Narasimhan">M. S. Narasimhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Seshadri" title="C. S. Seshadri">C. S. Seshadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish-Chandra" title="Harish-Chandra">Harish-Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbayya_Sivasankaranarayana_Pillai" title="Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai">Subbayya Sivasankaranarayana Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilak_Raj_Prabhakar" title="Tilak Raj Prabhakar">Tilak Raj Prabhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjul_Bhargava" title="Manjul Bhargava">Manjul Bhargava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Venkatesh" title="Akshay Venkatesh">Akshay Venkatesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Vakil" title="Ravi Vakil">Ravi Vakil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannan_Soundararajan" title="Kannan Soundararajan">Kannan Soundararajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:SSBPST_recipients_in_Mathematical_Science" title="Template:SSBPST recipients in Mathematical Science">Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize recipients in Mathematical Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aryabhatiya" title="Aryabhatiya">Aryabhatiya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakhshali_manuscript" title="Bakhshali manuscript">Bakhshali manuscript</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bijaganita" title="Bijaganita">Bijaganita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%81hmasphu%E1%B9%ADasiddh%C4%81nta" title="Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta">Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganita_Kaumudi" title="Ganita Kaumudi">Ganita Kaumudi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanakkusaram" title="Kanakkusaram">Kanakkusaram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karanapaddhati" title="Karanapaddhati">Karanapaddhati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABl%C4%81vat%C4%AB" title="Līlāvatī">Līlāvatī</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lokavibhaga" title="Lokavibhaga">Lokavibhaga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81t%C4%ABga%E1%B9%87ita" title="Pātīgaṇita">Pātīgaṇita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paulisa_Siddhanta" title="Paulisa Siddhanta">Paulisa Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Var%C4%81hamihira#Pancha-Siddhantika" title="Varāhamihira">Paitamaha Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romaka_Siddhanta" title="Romaka Siddhanta">Romaka Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sadratnamala" title="Sadratnamala">Sadratnamala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siddh%C4%81nta_Shiromani" title="Siddhānta Shiromani">Siddhānta Shiromani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shulba_Sutras" title="Shulba Sutras">Śulba Sūtras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surya_Siddhanta" title="Surya Siddhanta">Surya Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tantrasamgraha" title="Tantrasamgraha">Tantrasamgraha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha_Siddhanta" title="Vasishtha Siddhanta">Vasishtha Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venvaroha" title="Venvaroha">Veṇvāroha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuktibh%C4%81%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Yuktibhāṣā">Yuktibhāṣā</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yavanajataka" title="Yavanajataka">Yavanajataka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneering<br /> innovations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmi_numerals" title="Brahmi numerals">Brahmi numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu–Arabic numeral system</a></li> <li>Symbol for <a href="/wiki/0" title="0">zero (0)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhava_series" title="Madhava series">Infinite series expansions for the trigonometric functions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_school_of_astronomy_and_mathematics" title="Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics">Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jantar_Mantar" title="Jantar Mantar">Jantar Mantar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jantar_Mantar,_Jaipur" title="Jantar Mantar, Jaipur">Jaipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jantar_Mantar,_New_Delhi" title="Jantar Mantar, New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jantar_Mantar,_Ujjain" title="Jantar Mantar, Ujjain">Ujjain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jantar_Mantar,_Varanasi" title="Jantar Mantar, Varanasi">Varanasi</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historians of<br /> mathematics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bapudeva_Sastri" title="Bapudeva Sastri">Bapudeva Sastri</a> (1821–1900)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shankar_Balakrishna_Dikshit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shankar Balakrishna Dikshit (page does not exist)">Shankar Balakrishna Dikshit</a> (1853–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhakara_Dvivedi" title="Sudhakara Dvivedi">Sudhakara Dvivedi</a> (1855–1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Rangacarya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Rangacarya (page does not exist)">M. Rangacarya</a> (1861–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._C._Sengupta" class="mw-redirect" title="P. C. Sengupta">P. C. Sengupta</a> (1876–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._B._Datta" class="mw-redirect" title="B. B. Datta">B. B. Datta</a> (1888–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takao_Hayashi" title="Takao Hayashi">T. Hayashi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._A._Krishnaswamy_Ayyangar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. A. Krishnaswamy Ayyangar (page does not exist)">A. A. Krishnaswamy Ayyangar</a> (1892– 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avadhesh_Narayan_Singh" title="Avadhesh Narayan Singh">A. N. Singh</a> (1901–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Rajagopal" class="mw-redirect" title="C. T. Rajagopal">C. T. Rajagopal</a> (1903–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._A._Saraswati_Amma" class="mw-redirect" title="T. A. Saraswati Amma">T. A. Saraswati Amma</a> (1918–2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._N._Sen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. N. Sen (page does not exist)">S. N. Sen</a> (1918–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Shukla" class="mw-redirect" title="K. S. Shukla">K. S. Shukla</a> (1918–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Sarma" title="K. V. Sarma">K. V. Sarma</a> (1919–2005)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Translators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Eugene_Clark" title="Walter Eugene Clark">Walter Eugene Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Colebrooke" title="Henry Thomas Colebrooke">Henry Thomas Colebrooke </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pingree" title="David Pingree">David Pingree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_mathematics" title="Babylonian mathematics">Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mathematics" title="Chinese mathematics">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mathematics" title="Greek mathematics">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world">Islamic mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mathematics#Medieval_European_mathematics" title="History of mathematics">Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern<br /> institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Statistical_Institute" title="Indian Statistical Institute">Indian Statistical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaskaracharya_Pratishthana" title="Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana">Bhaskaracharya Pratishthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_Mathematical_Institute" title="Chennai Mathematical Institute">Chennai Mathematical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematical_Sciences,_Chennai" title="Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai">Institute of Mathematical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish-Chandra_Research_Institute" title="Harish-Chandra Research Institute">Harish-Chandra Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Bhabha_Centre_for_Science_Education" title="Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education">Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanujan_Institute_for_Advanced_Study_in_Mathematics" title="Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics">Ramanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Institute_of_Fundamental_Research" title="Tata Institute of Fundamental Research">TIFR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Madhya_Pradesh" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Madhya_Pradesh" title="Template:Madhya Pradesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Madhya_Pradesh" title="Template talk:Madhya Pradesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Madhya_Pradesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Madhya Pradesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Madhya_Pradesh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madhya_Pradesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></span></span></span> State of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barasingha" title="Barasingha">Barasingha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_paradise_flycatcher" title="Indian paradise flycatcher">Dudhraj</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Mahseer" title="Mahseer">Mahseer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lilium" title="Lilium">Lily</a></li> <li>River: <a href="/wiki/Narmada_River" title="Narmada River">Narmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ficus_benghalensis" title="Ficus benghalensis">Banyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">Highest point</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dhupgarh" title="Dhupgarh">Dhupgarh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Madhya_Pradesh" title="Category:Madhya Pradesh">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Tourism in Madhya Pradesh">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Madhya_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Madhya Pradesh">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Protected_areas_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="List of Protected areas of Madhya Pradesh">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Sports in Madhya Pradesh">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Government of Madhya Pradesh">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="List of governors of Madhya Pradesh">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_High_Court" title="Madhya Pradesh High Court">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh_Police" title="Madhya Pradesh Police">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Madhya_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of Madhya Pradesh">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal_division" title="Bhopal division">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambal_division" title="Chambal division">Chambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_division" title="Gwalior division">Gwalior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indore_division" title="Indore division">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur_division" title="Jabalpur division">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmadapuram_division" title="Narmadapuram division">Narmadapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewa_division" title="Rewa division">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagar_division" title="Sagar division">Sagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahdol_division" title="Shahdol division">Shahdol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_division" title="Ujjain division">Ujjain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="List of districts of Madhya Pradesh">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agar_Malwa_district" title="Agar Malwa district">Agar Malwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alirajpur_district" title="Alirajpur district">Alirajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuppur_district" title="Anuppur district">Anuppur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashoknagar_district" title="Ashoknagar district">Ashoknagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaghat_district" title="Balaghat district">Balaghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barwani_district" title="Barwani district">Barwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betul_district" title="Betul district">Betul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhind_district" title="Bhind district">Bhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal_district" title="Bhopal district">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhanpur_district" title="Burhanpur district">Burhanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatarpur_district" title="Chhatarpur district">Chhatarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhindwara_district" title="Chhindwara district">Chhindwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morena_district" title="Morena district">Chambal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damoh_district" title="Damoh district">Damoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datia_district" title="Datia district">Datia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas_district" title="Dewas district">Dewas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhar_district,_India" title="Dhar district, India">Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dindori_district" title="Dindori district">Dindori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guna_district" title="Guna district">Guna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_district" title="Gwalior district">Gwalior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harda_district" title="Harda district">Harda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshangabad_district" title="Hoshangabad district">Hoshangabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indore_district" title="Indore district">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur_district" title="Jabalpur district">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhabua_district" title="Jhabua district">Jhabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katni_district" title="Katni district">Katni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandwa_district" title="Khandwa district">Khandwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khargone_district" title="Khargone district">Khargone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maihar_district" title="Maihar district">Maihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandla_district" title="Mandla district">Mandla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandsaur_district" title="Mandsaur district">Mandsaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauganj_district" title="Mauganj district">Mauganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narsinghpur_district" title="Narsinghpur district">Narsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neemuch_district" title="Neemuch district">Neemuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niwari_district" title="Niwari district">Niwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panna_district" title="Panna district">Panna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raisen_district" title="Raisen district">Raisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajgarh_district" title="Rajgarh district">Rajgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratlam_district" title="Ratlam district">Ratlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewa_district" title="Rewa district">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagar_district" title="Sagar district">Sagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satna_district" title="Satna district">Satna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehore_district" title="Sehore district">Sehore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoni_district" title="Seoni district">Seoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahdol_district" title="Shahdol district">Shahdol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidhi_district" title="Sidhi district">Sidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singrauli_district" title="Singrauli district">Singrauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shajapur_district" title="Shajapur district">Shajapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheopur_district" title="Sheopur district">Sheopur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivpuri_district" title="Shivpuri district">Shivpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikamgarh_district" title="Tikamgarh district">Tikamgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_district" title="Ujjain district">Ujjain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umaria_district" title="Umaria district">Umaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidisha_district" title="Vidisha district">Vidisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Madhya_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Madhya Pradesh by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewas" title="Dewas">Dewas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewa,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Rewa, Madhya Pradesh">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagar,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Sagar, Madhya Pradesh">Sagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satna" title="Satna">Satna</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ujjain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200119#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200119#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200119#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157114520">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1213106/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxmH3XdPwYhkxWvp4gqcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4107377-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81047116">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13542336k">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13542336k">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557310905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/59972">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/151809488">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&oldid=1259676154">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&oldid=1259676154</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ujjain" title="Category:Ujjain">Ujjain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malwa" title="Category:Malwa">Malwa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Category:Hindu holy cities">Hindu holy cities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Hindu pilgrimage sites in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_along_the_Silk_Road" title="Category:Populated places along the Silk Road">Populated places along the Silk Road</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Malwa" title="Category:Cities in Malwa">Cities in Malwa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_capital_cities_in_India" title="Category:Former capital cities in India">Former capital cities in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Indian_cities" title="Category:Ancient Indian cities">Ancient Indian cities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Category:Cities in Madhya Pradesh">Cities in Madhya Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Smart_cities_in_India" title="Category:Smart cities in India">Smart cities in India</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hindi-language_sources_(hi)" title="Category:CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)">CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2015" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2015">Use dmy dates from April 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_June_2016" title="Category:Use Indian English from June 2016">Use Indian English from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Hindi_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Hindi IPA">Pages with Hindi IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 13:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ujjain&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-67c44fb794-vggvq","wgBackendResponseTime":209,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.882","walltime":"2.300","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11438,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":447902,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":20599,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":27,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":340802,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1843.649 1 -total"," 31.55% 581.737 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 25.59% 471.769 1 Template:Reflist"," 25.52% 470.481 1 Template:Infobox"," 15.30% 282.021 45 Template:Cite_web"," 10.66% 196.563 16 Template:Navbox"," 7.99% 147.284 12 Template:Main_other"," 6.58% 121.357 2 Template:IPA"," 6.31% 116.244 24 Template:Cite_book"," 5.57% 102.659 1 Template:City_of_Ujjain"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.131","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":25359912,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbraham_Eraly2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAgam_Gupta2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmar_Farooqui1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArthur_W._Ryder2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDieter_Schlingloff2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDipak_Kumar_Samanta1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDongray1935\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFF._R._Allchin_and_George_Erdosy1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarley_P._Richmond1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobsen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJain1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKagyung\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKailash_Chand_Jain1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlaus_Schlichtmann2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulkeRothermund2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin_Banham1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMookerji_Radhakumud1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFN._M._Penzer1924\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFP._K._Basant2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPranab_Kumar_Bhattacharyya1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR.S._Chaurasia2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRahman_AliAshok_TrivediDhirendra_Solanki2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubramani2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrudy_RingNoelle_WatsonPaul_Schellinger2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVirendra_Nath_Sharma1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliam_Woodthorpe_Tarn2010\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 2,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 24,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 45,\n [\"City of Ujjain\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 4,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"EB1911 poster\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Hindu holy cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Hindu inscriptions and arts\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Indian mathematics\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Left\"] = 6,\n [\"Madhya Pradesh\"] = 1,\n [\"Million-plus cities in India\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Ujjain Division\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","300","24.6"],["?","220","18.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","180","14.8"],["(for generator)","80","6.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","40","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","3.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","3.3"],["citation0 \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:2614\u003E","20","1.6"],["\u003CModule:Arguments:55\u003E","20","1.6"],["[others]","240","19.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-wgncf","timestamp":"20241128020953","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ujjain","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ujjain","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q200119","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q200119","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-08-15T01:13:30Z","dateModified":"2024-11-26T13:21:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d3\/Mahakal_temple.jpg","headline":"ancient city beside the Kshipra River in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh"}</script> </body> </html>