CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tirupati - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0a21ef6b-3b5d-4bbb-8186-bba86d3e6dd1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tirupati","wgTitle":"Tirupati","wgCurRevisionId":1277048038,"wgRevisionId":1277048038,"wgArticleId":2892130,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using the Phonos extension","CS1 Telugu-language sources (te)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2024","Use Indian English from October 2024","All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English","Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list","Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata", "Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list","Pages including recorded pronunciations","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Tirupati","Tirupati district","Hindu holy cities","Cities in Andhra Pradesh","District headquarters of Andhra Pradesh","Smart cities in India"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tirupati","wgRelevantArticleId":2892130,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia", "wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":13.65,"lon":79.42},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1436816","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips", "ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tirumala_090615.jpg/1200px-Tirumala_090615.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tirumala_090615.jpg/800px-Tirumala_090615.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tirumala_090615.jpg/640px-Tirumala_090615.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tirupati - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tirupati rootpage-Tirupati skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tirupati" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tirupati" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Tirupati" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tirupati" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Puranas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Puranas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Puranas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Puranas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ancient history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civic_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civic_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Civic administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civic_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Law and order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utility_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utility_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Utility services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utility_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_economic_overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_economic_overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>City economic overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_economic_overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IT/ITES_and_electronics_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IT/ITES_and_electronics_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>IT/ITES and electronics industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IT/ITES_and_electronics_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Tourism sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts,_crafts_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts,_crafts_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Arts, crafts and architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts,_crafts_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cityscape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cityscape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Temples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Temples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Other landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Neighbourhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roadways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roadways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Roadways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roadways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tirumala_foot_steps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tirumala_foot_steps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Tirumala foot steps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tirumala_foot_steps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Airways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tirupati</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="تيروباتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تيروباتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تیروپاتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیروپاتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="তিরুপতি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তিরুপতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Тирупати – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тирупати" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="तिरुपति – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तिरुपति" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Тирупати – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тирупати" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تیروپاتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیروپاتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%EB%A3%A8%ED%8C%8C%ED%8B%B0" title="티루파티 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티루파티" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="तिरुपति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिरुपति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="তিরুমালা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তিরুমালা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99" title="טירופטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טירופטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirumala_-_Tirupati" title="Tirumala - Tirupati – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tirumala - Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="तिरुपति – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="तिरुपति" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="തിരുപ്പതി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തിരുപ്പതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="तिरुपती – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तिरुपती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ტირუპატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტირუპატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AC%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="तिरुप्पति (सन् २००६या संकिपा) – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तिरुप्पति (सन् २००६या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Тирупати – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Тирупати" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati_(by)" title="Tirupati (by) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tirupati (by)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تیروپتی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تیروپتی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Тирупати – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тирупати" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83" title="तिरुपतिः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तिरुपतिः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱯᱚᱛᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱯᱚᱛᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Тирупати – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тирупати" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="திருப்பதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திருப்பதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Тирупати – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тирупати" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="తిరుపతి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తిరుపతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="ติรุปติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ติรุปติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96" title="Тірупаті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тірупаті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="تروپتی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تروپتی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tirupati" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%82%E9%B2%81%E5%B8%95%E8%92%82" title="蒂鲁帕蒂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒂鲁帕蒂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1436816#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tirupati" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Tirupati" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Tirupati" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&oldid=1277048038" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Tirupati&id=1277048038&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTirupati"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTirupati"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tirupati&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tirupati" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tirupati" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tirupati" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1436816" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tirupati&params=13.65_N_79.42_E_type:city(295323)_region:IN-AP"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°39′N</span> <span class="longitude">79°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.65°N 79.42°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.65; 79.42</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Andhra Pradesh, India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Andhra Pradesh, India. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tirupati (disambiguation)">Tirupati (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Andhra Pradesh, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tirupati</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:2px solid black;width:250px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirumala_090615.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tirumala_090615.jpg/250px-Tirumala_090615.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tirumala_090615.jpg/375px-Tirumala_090615.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tirumala_090615.jpg/500px-Tirumala_090615.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirupati_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tirupati_001.jpg/124px-Tirupati_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tirupati_001.jpg/186px-Tirupati_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tirupati_001.jpg/248px-Tirupati_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SVU_entrance_with_ambedkar_statue_tirupati.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/SVU_entrance_with_ambedkar_statue_tirupati.JPG/124px-SVU_entrance_with_ambedkar_statue_tirupati.JPG" decoding="async" width="124" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/SVU_entrance_with_ambedkar_statue_tirupati.JPG/186px-SVU_entrance_with_ambedkar_statue_tirupati.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/SVU_entrance_with_ambedkar_statue_tirupati.JPG/248px-SVU_entrance_with_ambedkar_statue_tirupati.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg/124px-Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg/186px-Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg/248px-Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirumala_Overview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tirumala_Overview.jpg/124px-Tirumala_Overview.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tirumala_Overview.jpg/186px-Tirumala_Overview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tirumala_Overview.jpg/248px-Tirumala_Overview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirupati_hills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tirupati_hills.jpg/124px-Tirupati_hills.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tirupati_hills.jpg/186px-Tirupati_hills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Tirupati_hills.jpg/248px-Tirupati_hills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg/124px-FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg/186px-FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg/248px-FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateswara Temple">Venkateswara Temple</a>, Alipiri Garuda Circle, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_University" title="Sri Venkateswara University">Sri Venkateswara University</a> entrance, View of <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati International Airport">Tirupati International Airport</a>, View of <a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a> hills, Tirupati City night view, FOXLINK Facility at APIIC EMC Tirupati</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>Spiritual Capital of Andhra Pradesh</i>,<i>Heritage City</i>,"City Of Devotion"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 180px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="180" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_63b21d4ac8eb3ff3052140d27d0d5378d3d96c9e"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,250x180.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Tirupati&revid=1277048038&groups=_63b21d4ac8eb3ff3052140d27d0d5378d3d96c9e" width="250" height="180" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,250x180@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Tirupati&revid=1277048038&groups=_63b21d4ac8eb3ff3052140d27d0d5378d3d96c9e 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_(current).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tirupati is located in Andhra Pradesh"><img alt="Tirupati is located in Andhra Pradesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg/250px-India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg/375px-India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg/500px-India_Andhra_Pradesh_location_map_%28current%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1027" data-file-height="849" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:83.569%;left:33.61%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tirupati"><img alt="Tirupati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tirupati</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Andhra Pradesh, India</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Andhra Pradesh</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tirupati is located in India"><img alt="Tirupati is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/250px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/375px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/500px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:73.385%;left:38.813%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tirupati"><img alt="Tirupati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tirupati</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Tirupati (India)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of India</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tirupati is located in Asia"><img alt="Tirupati is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.181%;left:35.376%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tirupati"><img alt="Tirupati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tirupati</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Tirupati (Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tirupati&params=13.65_N_79.42_E_type:city(295323)_region:IN-AP"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°39′N</span> <span class="longitude">79°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.65°N 79.42°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.65; 79.42</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of India">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rayalaseema" title="Rayalaseema">Rayalaseema</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district" title="Tirupati district">Tirupati</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">24 February 1130</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated (municipality)</th><td class="infobox-data">1 April 1886</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated (corporation)</th><td class="infobox-data">2 March 2007</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Venkateswara" title="Venkateswara">Venkateswara</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wards</th><td class="infobox-data">50</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporations in India">Mayor–Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tirupati Municipal Corporation">Tirupati Municipal Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Tirupati Urban Development Authority">Tirupati Urban Development Authority</a>(TUDA)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">B. R. Sirisha Yadav<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (YSRCP)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-area_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">30.01 km<sup>2</sup> (11.59 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">295,323</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Andhra_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population">9th in Andhra Pradesh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">9,800/km<sup>2</sup> (25,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-profile_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">461,900</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tirupatian,Tirupatollu</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Literacy<sup id="cite_ref-profile_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Literates</th><td class="infobox-data">229,730</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Effective literacy rate</th><td class="infobox-data">87.55%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">517501 (Tirupati city)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+91–0877</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geocode" title="Geocode">Geocode</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/UN/LOCODE" title="UN/LOCODE">UN/LOCODE</a> IN TIR<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_India" title="Vehicle registration plates of India">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Old:AP-03,AP-39,New:<a href="/wiki/List_of_RTO_districts_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of RTO districts in India">AP-40</a> (from 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nominal_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal GDP">Nominal GDP</a>(2023-24)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>20,444 crore</span> (US$2.4 billion)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currency</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rupee" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Rupee">Indian Rupee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">INR</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">International Airport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Airport" title="Tirupati Airport">Tirupati International Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">Domestic Airport</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Airport" title="Tirupati Airport">Tirupati Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway Station">Railway Station</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_railway_station" title="Tirupati railway station">Tirupati Main Railway station</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Police" title="Andhra Pradesh Police">Tirupati district Police</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tirupati.cdma.ap.gov.in/">tirupati<wbr />.cdma<wbr />.ap<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/90px-1_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/135px-1_Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/180px-1_Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">Origins</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"><b>Historical</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic Hinduism">Vedic Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions in India</a></li></ul> <p><b>Traditional</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasa-Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_royal_genealogies" title="Epic-Puranic royal genealogies">Epic-Puranic royal genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Major Sampradaya (Traditions)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijña</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></i></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Absolute Reality / Unifying Force</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other major <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Vedic Deities:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridasha">Tridasha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasus">Vasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Other Vedic Deities</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Post-Vedic:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Concepts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ontology</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">Tattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanmatras" title="Tanmatras">Subtle elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchikarana" title="Panchikarana">Panchikarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhuta" title="Pancha Bhuta">Gross elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a" title="Guṇa">Guṇas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Supreme reality</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirguna_brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirguna brahman">Nirguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguna_brahman" title="Saguna brahman">Saguna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccid%C4%81nanda" title="Saccidānanda">Saccidānanda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">God</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārtha (Meaning of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%C5%9Brama_(stage)" title="Āśrama (stage)">Āśrama (Stages of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" title="Gṛhastha">Gṛhastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81naprastha" title="Vānaprastha">Vānaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three paths to liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Mokṣa-related topics:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramātman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Mind</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman (self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81tman_(Hinduism)" title="Anātman (Hinduism)">Anātman (non-self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_bodies_doctrine" title="Three bodies doctrine">Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antahkarana" title="Antahkarana">Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Hinduism)" title="Prajñā (Hinduism)">Prajña (wisdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">Ānanda (happiness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viveka" title="Viveka">Viveka (discernment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya (dispassion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatva" title="Samatva">Sama (equanimity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Dama (temperance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uparati" title="Uparati">Uparati (self-settledness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiksha" title="Titiksha">Titiksha (forbearance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Shraddha (faith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samadhana (concentration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">Arishadvargas (six enemies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahamkara (attachment)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti śastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Achourya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Arjava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosha" title="Santosha">Santosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources of dharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Epistemology</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratyaksha" title="Pratyaksha">Pratyakṣa (perception)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anumāṇa" title="Pramana">Anumāṇa (inference)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Upamāṇa">Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Arthāpatti" title="Pramana">Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anupalabdi" title="Pramana">Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabda" title="Shabda">Śabda (word, testimony)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a>, sacrifice, and charity</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_(Hinduism)" title="Arti (Hinduism)">Ārtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Hinduism" title="Prayer in Hinduism">Prarthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kīrtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpana" title="Tarpana">Tarpana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta" title="Prāyaścitta">Prāyaścitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Nritta-Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exorcism_in_Hinduism" title="Exorcism in Hinduism">Exorcism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Meditation</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samādhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nididhy%C4%81sana" title="Nididhyāsana">Nididhyāsana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Arts</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandav_Lila" title="Pandav Lila">Pandav Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silambam" title="Silambam">Silambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimurai" title="Adimurai">Adimurai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Rites of passage</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Pumsavana Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simantonnayana" title="Simantonnayana">Simantonnayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Nāmakaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyāraṃbhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophical schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Six Astika schools</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" class="mw-redirect" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other schools</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Gurus, Rishi, Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">Saptarshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Sutras">Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Kathiababa" title="Ramdas Kathiababa">Ramdas Kathiababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Chāngadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jñāneśvar">Jñāneśvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī">Madhusūdana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morya_Gosavi" title="Morya Gosavi">Morya Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundraj" title="Mukundraj">Mukundarāja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Saraswati" title="Narasimha Saraswati">Narasimha Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarkacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripada_Srivallabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sripada Srivallabha">Sripada Srivallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Sastri" title="Syama Sastri">Śyāma Śastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vācaspati Miśra">Vācaspati Miśra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasaraja">Vyasaraja</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Modern</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekarendra Saraswati">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmayananda">Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavatar_Babaji" title="Mahavatar Babaji">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Samarth" title="Swami Samarth">Samarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Shirdi Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharameshwar_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharameshwar Maharaj">Siddharameshwar Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailanga" title="Trailanga">Trailanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._G._Krishnamurti" title="U. G. Krishnamurti">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upasni_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasni Maharaj">Upasni Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vethathiri_Maharishi" title="Vethathiri Maharishi">Vethathiri Maharishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources and classification of scripture</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81ra" title="Ācāra">Ācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmatusti" title="Atmatusti">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hindu_texts" title="Timeline of Hindu texts">Timeline of Hindu texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Divisions</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhitapatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhitapatha">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Rigveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Yajurveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitri</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Samaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Atharvaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedangas">Vedangas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_metre" title="Vedic metre">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu scriptures">Other scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)"><i>Agama</i>s (Hinduism)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vamana_Purana" title="Vamana Purana">Vāmana Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhavishya_Purana" title="Bhavishya Purana">Bhavishya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kūrma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas#Upaveda" title="Vedas">Upavedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhanurveda" title="Dhanurveda">Dhanurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gandharvaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandharvaveda">Gandharvaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sthapatyaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sthapatyaveda">Sthapatyaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">sutras</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samhita" title="Samhita">samhitas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharma Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Artha Śastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samkhya_Pravachana_Sutra" title="Samkhya Pravachana Sutra">Samkhya Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Charaka_Samhita" title="Charaka Samhita">Charaka Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sushruta_Samhita" title="Sushruta Samhita">Sushruta Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Panchatantra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramcharitmanas" title="Ramcharitmanas">Ramcharitmanas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Swarodaya" title="Shiva Swarodaya">Swara yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panchadasi" title="Panchadasi">Panchadasi</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_suktas_and_stutis" title="List of suktas and stutis">stutis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhashya" title="Bhashya">Bhashya</a> </div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kanakadhara_Stotra" title="Kanakadhara Stotra">Kanakadhara Stotra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Stuti" title="Shiva Stuti">Shiva Stuti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vayu_Stuti" title="Vayu Stuti">Vayu Stuti</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_literature" title="Tamil literature">Tamil literature</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiruppukal" title="Tiruppukal">Tiruppukal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abirami_Antati" title="Abirami Antati">Abirami Antati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed; border-bottom:1px dotted"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other texts</a></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Hindu Culture & Society</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Society</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayastha" title="Kayastha">Kayastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81ti" title="Jāti">Jāti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotra" title="Gotra">Gotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvija" title="Dvija">Dvija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasa" title="Dasa">Dasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Art</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Hindu art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Hindu iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilpa_Shastras" title="Shilpa Shastras">Shilpa Shastras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa (aesthetics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_aesthetics" title="Indian aesthetics">Indian aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra" title="Yantra">Yantra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Architecture</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_architecture" title="Hindu architecture">Hindu architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Hindu temple architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vastu_shastra" title="Vastu shastra">Vastu shastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talamana" title="Talamana">Talamana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Music</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_music" title="Hindu music">Hindu music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shruti_(music)" title="Shruti (music)">Shruti (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svara" title="Svara">Svara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alank%C4%81ra" title="Alankāra">Alankāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tala_(music)" title="Tala (music)">Tala (music)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga" title="Raga">Raga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasa_(aesthetics)" title="Rasa (aesthetics)">Rasa (aesthetics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangita" title="Sangita">Sangita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadya" title="Vadya">Vadya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natya Shastra</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Food & Diet Customs</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Diet in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhatka" title="Jhatka">Jhatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Time Keeping Practices</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_units_of_time" title="Hindu units of time">Hindu units of time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchangam" title="Panchangam">Panchangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaka_era" title="Shaka era">Shaka era</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hindu Pilgrimage</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage sites</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other society-related topics:</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_organisations" title="List of Hindu organisations">Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Reform movements</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Other topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Shaktism" title="Caribbean Shaktism">Caribbean Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_scriptures_and_texts" title="Template:Hindu scriptures and texts">Template:Hindu scriptures and texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Hinduism & Other Religions</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Jainism" title="Hinduism and Jainism">Hinduism and Jainism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">and Buddhism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">and Sikhism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">and Judaism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism and Christianity">and Christianity</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">and Islam</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other Related Links (Templates)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_scriptures_and_texts" title="Template:Hindu scriptures and texts"> Hindu Scriptures & Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_philosophy" title="Template:Hindu philosophy"> Hindu Philosphy</a></li> <li>Sampradayas (Traditions) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Saivism" title="Template:Saivism"> Shaivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Template:Vaishnavism"> Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Saktism" title="Template:Saktism"> Shaktism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hinduism" title="Outline of Hinduism">Outline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/16px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/23px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/31px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hinduism" title="Template:Hinduism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hinduism" title="Template talk:Hinduism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hinduism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hinduism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Vaishnavism" title="Category:Vaishnavism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #c9d5f2; border-color: #001A57"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Vaishnavism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Git_govind_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet."><img alt="Closeup of Vishnu, seated in the lotus position on a lotus. From depiction of the poet Jayadeva bowing to Vishnu, Gouache on paper Pahari, The very picture of devotion, bare-bodied, head bowed, legs crossed and hands folded, Jayadeva stands at left, with the implements of worship placed before the lotus-seat of Vishnu who sits there, blessing the poet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/220px-Git_govind_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/330px-Git_govind_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Git_govind_large.jpg/440px-Git_govind_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Supreme deity</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Important deities</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsya" title="Matsya">Matsya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurma" title="Kurma">Kurma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha" title="Varaha">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha" title="Narasimha">Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamana" title="Vamana">Vamana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parasurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama" title="Balarama">Balarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha in Hinduism">Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other forms</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhanvantari" title="Dhanvantari">Dhanvantari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayurappan" title="Guruvayurappan">Guruvayurappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva" title="Hayagriva">Hayagriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohini" title="Mohini">Mohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara-Narayana" title="Nara-Narayana">Nara-Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithu" title="Prithu">Prithu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinathji" title="Shrinathji">Shrinathji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkateshvara" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateshvara">Venkateshvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithoba" title="Vithoba">Vithoba</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Consorts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamelu" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamelu">Alamelu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Related</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garuda" title="Garuda">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shesha" title="Shesha">Shesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu scriptures"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Holy scriptures</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasa" title="Vaikhanasa">Vaikhanasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandha">Divya Prabandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Sampradayas</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Sampradaya">Sri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Sampradaya" title="Rudra Sampradaya">Rudra</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Śuddhādvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81ra_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumāra Sampradaya">Kumara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dvaitadvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaitadvaita">Dvaitadvaita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tattvavada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tattvavada">Tattvavada</a> or (<a href="/wiki/Dvaita" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaita">Dvaita</a>)), <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Acintyabhedabheda</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dd><b>Others</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranami_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Pranami Sampraday">Pranami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Vallabh_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Radha Vallabh Sampradaya">Radha Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsnehi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsnehi">Ramsnehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Vaishnava-Sahajiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Teachers—acharyas</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnyaneshwar" title="Dnyaneshwar">Jñāneśvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavdev" title="Madhavdev">Madhavdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Manavala Mamunigal">Manavala Mamunigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammalvar" title="Nammalvar">Nammalvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathamuni" title="Nathamuni">Nathamuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka" title="Nimbarka">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabha_Tirtha" title="Padmanabha Tirtha">Padmanabha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillai_Lokacharya" title="Pillai Lokacharya">Pillai Lokacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Tirtha" title="Raghavendra Tirtha">Raghavendra Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabhinava_Tirtha" title="Satyabhinava Tirtha">Satyabhinava Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyabodha_Tirtha" title="Satyabodha Tirtha">Satyabodha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadharma_Tirtha" title="Satyadharma Tirtha">Satyadharma Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyapati" title="Vidyapati">Vidyapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuswami" title="Vishnuswami">Vishnuswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthalanatha" title="Vitthalanatha">Viṭṭhalanātha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunacharya" title="Yamunacharya">Yamunacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kantha_Krishnamacharyulu" title="Sri Kantha Krishnamacharyulu">Sri Kantha Krishnamacharyulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annamacharya" title="Annamacharya">Annamacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrachala_Ramadasu" title="Bhadrachala Ramadasu">Bhadrachala Ramadasu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="padding-bottom:0; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#001A57">Related traditions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagavatism">Bhagavatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikhanasas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaikhanasas">Vaikhanasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Tenkalai_("southern")_-_Manavala_Mamunigal" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Tenkalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism#Vadakalai_("northern")_-_Vedanta_Desika" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Vadakalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munitraya_Sampradayam" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitraya Sampradayam">Munitraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannathism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnava-Sahajiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava-Sahajiya">Sahajiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baul" title="Baul">Baul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Vaishnavism" title="Gaudiya Vaishnavism">Gaudiya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanandi">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapadi" title="Kapadi">Kapadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmikism" title="Balmikism">Balmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir_panth" title="Kabir panth">Kabir panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu panth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vaishnavism" title="Template talk:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vaishnavism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tirupati</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/49\/Tirupati.ogg\/Tirupati.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Tirupati.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/Tirupati.ogg/Tirupati.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirupati.ogg" title="File:Tirupati.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a city in the Indian <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> and serves as the administrative headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district" title="Tirupati district">Tirupati district</a>. It is known for its significant religious and cultural heritage, being home to the renowned <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple,_Tirumala" title="Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala">Tirumala Venkateswara Temple</a>, a major Hindu pilgrimage site, as well as <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Temples_in_Tirupati" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Temples in Tirupati">other historic temples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple is one of the eight <i>Svayam Vyakta Kshetras</i> (self-manifested temples) dedicated to the deity <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>. Tirupati is situated 150 km from <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, 250 km from <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, and 406 km from <a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a>. </p><p>Tirupati is the second largest city in the <a href="/wiki/Rayalaseema" title="Rayalaseema">Rayalaseema</a> region, after <a href="/wiki/Kurnool" title="Kurnool">Kurnool</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census of India</a>, Tirupati had a population of 287,035, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Andhra Pradesh">ninth most populous city</a> in Andhra Pradesh, while the larger urban agglomeration had a population of 459,985, ranking it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_agglomerations_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh">seventh largest</a> in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-profile_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city functions as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_corporations_in_India" title="List of municipal corporations in India">municipal corporation</a> and serves as the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district" title="Tirupati district">Tirupati district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Urban_mandal" title="Tirupati Urban mandal">Tirupati Urban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Rural_mandal" title="Tirupati Rural mandal">Tirupati Rural</a> mandals, the <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_revenue_division" title="Tirupati revenue division">Tirupati revenue division</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Southern_Power_Distribution_Company_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited">Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited</a> (APSPDCL), and the <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Tirupati Urban Development Authority">Tirupati Urban Development Authority</a> (TUDA).<sup id="cite_ref-map_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-map-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012–2013, Tirupati was recognized by India's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Ministry of Tourism</a> as the "Best Heritage City".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, it was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed under the <a href="/wiki/Smart_Cities_Mission" title="Smart Cities Mission">Smart Cities Mission</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> initiative aimed at urban development and modernization. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> origin,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>tiru</i> means sacred, Honourable, or <i><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></i> and <i>pati</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning abode, residence, or <i>husband.</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tirupati (<a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a>) is referred to as Pushpa-mandapa in <i>Acharya-Hrdayam</i> (13th century).<sup id="cite_ref-pushpa1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pushpa1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puranas">Puranas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Puranas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></i>, during <i><a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta Yuga</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> resided here with <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakshmana" title="Lakshmana">Lakshmana</a> on his return from Lankapuri.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As per the <i><a href="/wiki/Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana">Purana</a></i>, a loan of one crore and 11.4 million gold coins was sought by <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara" title="Venkateswara">Balaji</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a> for his marriage with <a href="/wiki/Padmavathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Padmavathi">Padmavathi</a>. To pay back the loan, devotees from all over India visit the temple and donate money.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_history">Ancient history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancient history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tirupati was developed by <a href="/wiki/Pallava" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallava">Pallava</a> Kings from 6th century onwards.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The city became a great Vaishnava centre during the time of <a href="/wiki/Ramanujacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanujacharya">Ramanujacharya</a> in 11th century, from where Srivaishnavism spread to other parts of Andhra Desa. <a href="/wiki/Kurmanathaswamy_temple,_Srikurmam" title="Kurmanathaswamy temple, Srikurmam">Srikurmam Temple</a> in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh bears the inscription, <i>Tirupati Srivaishnavula Raksha</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-srivaishnav_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-srivaishnav-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tirupati survived the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> invasions by accepting to pay <a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a> to the Muslims. During the early 1300s <a href="/wiki/Malik_Kafur" title="Malik Kafur">Muslim invasion</a> of South India, the idol of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Srirangam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam">Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam</a> was brought to Tirupati for safekeeping.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopkins200269_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopkins200269-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The temple town for most of the medieval era was part of <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> until the 17th century and its rulers contributed considerable resources and wealth, notable among whom are <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Deva_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna Deva Raya">Krishna Deva Raya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Achyuta_Deva_Raya" title="Achyuta Deva Raya">Achyuta Deva Raya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadasiva_Raya" title="Sadasiva Raya">Sadasiva Raya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Deva_Raya" title="Tirumala Deva Raya">Tirumala Deva Raya</a>. </p><p>The city has many historical temples including the <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple,_Tirumala" title="Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala">Venkateswara Temple</a> which bears 1,150 inscriptions in the Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Kannada languages.<sup id="cite_ref-inscrip_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inscrip-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Out of 1150 inscriptions 236 belong to <a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty">Pallava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya</a> dynasties, 169 belonged to <a href="/wiki/Saluva_dynasty" title="Saluva dynasty">Saluva dynasty</a>, 251 belonged to <a href="/wiki/Achyuta_Deva_Raya" title="Achyuta Deva Raya">Achyuta Deva Raya</a> period, 130 belonged to <a href="/wiki/Sadasiva_Raya" title="Sadasiva Raya">Sadasiva Raya</a> period and another 135 originated in <a href="/wiki/Aravidu_dynasty" title="Aravidu dynasty">Aravidu dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-inscrip_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inscrip-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These mostly specify the contributions of the <a href="/wiki/Pallava_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallava Empire">Pallava Kingdom</a> around the ninth century CE, <a href="/wiki/Chola_Empire" title="Chola Empire">Chola Kingdom</a> around the tenth century CE and the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> in the 14th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Tallapaka_Annamacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallapaka Annamacharya">Tallapaka Annamacharya</a> sung many songs in praise of the holy town in Telugu. He termed it as divine, including the rocks, streams, trees, animals, and adds that it is heaven on earth. One example of such a song is:<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="text-align:center;"><blockquote> <p><i>Kattedura Vaikuntamu Kaanachaina Konda</i> <br /> <i>Thettalaya Mahimale Tirumala Konda</i> ||<br /> <i>Vedamulae Silalai Velasinadi Konda</i> <br /> <i>Yedesa Punya Rasule Yerulainadi Konda</i> <br /> <i>Gadili Brahmadi Lokamula Konalu Konda</i> <br /> <i>Sree Devudundeti Seshadri Konda</i> ||<br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Tirumala, in all its right, is heaven. Its powers are indescribable. The Vedas have taken the form of rocks and appeared on Tirumala. Holiness has taken the form of water and is flowing as streams on <a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a>. Its holy peaks are Brahmaloka and other lokas. Srinivasa lives on Seshadri.</p></blockquote> </blockquote></div> <p>There was no human settlement at lower Tirupati until 1500. With the growing importance of upper Tirupati, a village formed at the present-day Kapilatheertham Road area and was named "kotturu". It was later shifted to the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Govindaraja_Temple,_Tirupati" title="Govindaraja Temple, Tirupati">Govindarajaswamy Temple</a> which was consecrated around the year 1130 CE. Later the village grew into its present-day form around Govindaraja Swamy Temple which is now the heart of the city. It has now gained a lot of popularity as a tourism place.<sup id="cite_ref-TirupatiHistory1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TirupatiHistory1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1932, <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Venkateswara Temple">Tirumala Venkateswara Temple</a> was handed over to <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a> by the TTD Act of 1932. In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Tirupati Urban Development Authority">Tirupati Urban Development Authority</a> (TUDA) and <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">TTD</a> together conducted "Tirupati Utsavam" which focused on the history of development of Tirupati town, kings who visited Tirumala and their contribution for development of the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fourth <a href="/wiki/World_Telugu_Conference" title="World Telugu Conference">World Telugu Conference</a>, a conference for furtherance of <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu language</a>, was conducted at Tirupati during December 2012 for three days.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2017, the 104th <a href="/wiki/Indian_Science_Congress_Association" title="Indian Science Congress Association">Indian Science Congress</a> (ISCA) meeting was held in Tirupati.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tirupati is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tirupati&params=13.65_N_79.42_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°39′N</span> <span class="longitude">79°25′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.65°N 79.42°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.65; 79.42</span></span></span></a></span></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district" title="Tirupati district">Tirupati district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> state in southern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Tirupati lies at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Seshachalam_Hills" title="Seshachalam Hills">Seshachalam Hills</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a> which were formed during <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> era.<sup id="cite_ref-topography_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topography-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of its suburbs, <a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a>, which is home to <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Venkateswara Temple">Sri Venkateswara Temple</a>, is located within the hills.<sup id="cite_ref-topography_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topography-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Tirupati Urban Development Authority">Tirupati Urban Development Authority</a> includes Tirupati (City), <a href="/wiki/Renigunta" title="Renigunta">Renigunta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandragiri" title="Chandragiri">Chandragiri</a>, and census towns Akkarampalle, Avilala, Cherlopalle, Mangalam, Peruru, Settipalle, Thummala gunta (part), Timminaidupalle, <a href="/wiki/Tiruchanur" title="Tiruchanur">Tiruchanur</a>, Tirupati (NMA).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tirupati is surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti" title="Srikalahasti">Srikalahasti</a> towards the east, <a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Puttur, Andhra Pradesh">Puttur</a> towards the south, <a href="/wiki/Pakala,_Tirupati_district" title="Pakala, Tirupati district">Pakala</a> towards the west and the Seshachalam hills (<a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a>) towards the north.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Swarnamukhi" title="Swarnamukhi">Swarnamukhi</a> river originates in Chandragiri Hills and passes through the Tirupati City before reaching Srikalahasti in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-topography_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topography-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Geology">Geology</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1330px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andhra_Pradesh_-_Landscapes_from_Andhra_Pradesh,_views_from_Indias_South_Central_Railway_(83).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="View Tirumala Hills from Tirupati"><img alt="View Tirumala Hills from Tirupati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Andhra_Pradesh_-_Landscapes_from_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_views_from_Indias_South_Central_Railway_%2883%29.JPG/1322px-Andhra_Pradesh_-_Landscapes_from_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_views_from_Indias_South_Central_Railway_%2883%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="1322" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Andhra_Pradesh_-_Landscapes_from_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_views_from_Indias_South_Central_Railway_%2883%29.JPG/1983px-Andhra_Pradesh_-_Landscapes_from_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_views_from_Indias_South_Central_Railway_%2883%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Andhra_Pradesh_-_Landscapes_from_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_views_from_Indias_South_Central_Railway_%2883%29.JPG/2644px-Andhra_Pradesh_-_Landscapes_from_Andhra_Pradesh%2C_views_from_Indias_South_Central_Railway_%2883%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="610" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Andhra_Pradesh_-_Landscapes_from_Andhra_Pradesh,_views_from_Indias_South_Central_Railway_(83).JPG" title="File:Andhra Pradesh - Landscapes from Andhra Pradesh, views from Indias South Central Railway (83).JPG"> </a></div>View Tirumala Hills from Tirupati</div></div></div> <p>At the 12 km (7.5 mi) point on the Tirupati – <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_ghat_roads" title="Tirumala ghat roads">Tirumala ghat road</a>, there is a major discontinuity of <a href="/wiki/Stratigraphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Stratigraphic">stratigraphic</a> significance that represents a period of remarkable serenity in the geological history of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. This is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Eparchaean_Unconformity" title="Eparchaean Unconformity">Eparchaean Unconformity</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Unconformity" title="Unconformity">unconformity</a> separates the Nagari <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">Quartzite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, the <a href="/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_India" title="Geological Survey of India">Geological Survey of India</a> (GSI) declared the Eparchaean Unconfirmity to be one of the 26 "Geological Monuments of India". </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_at_Tirumal_hills_on_Eparchean_Unconformity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plaque_at_Tirumal_hills_on_Eparchean_Unconformity.jpg/220px-Plaque_at_Tirumal_hills_on_Eparchean_Unconformity.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plaque_at_Tirumal_hills_on_Eparchean_Unconformity.jpg/330px-Plaque_at_Tirumal_hills_on_Eparchean_Unconformity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Plaque_at_Tirumal_hills_on_Eparchean_Unconformity.jpg/440px-Plaque_at_Tirumal_hills_on_Eparchean_Unconformity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A board in <a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a> hills briefing details of <a href="/wiki/Eparchaean_Unconformity" title="Eparchaean Unconformity">Eparchaean Unconformity</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_stone_arch_in_tirumala.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Natural_stone_arch_in_tirumala.JPG/220px-Natural_stone_arch_in_tirumala.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Natural_stone_arch_in_tirumala.JPG/330px-Natural_stone_arch_in_tirumala.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Natural_stone_arch_in_tirumala.JPG/440px-Natural_stone_arch_in_tirumala.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Natural_Arch,_Tirumala_hills" title="Natural Arch, Tirumala hills">Silathoranam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Natural_arch" title="Natural arch">natural arch</a>) at Seshachalam Hills, Tirumala, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Natural_Arch,_Tirumala_hills" title="Natural Arch, Tirumala hills">Silathoranam</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Natural_arch" title="Natural arch">natural arch</a> and a distinctive geological feature, is located in the Tirumala Hills at a distance of 1 km (0.62 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Venkateswara Temple">Tirumala Venkateswara Temple</a>. The arch measures 8 metres in width and 3 metres in height and is eroded from quartzite of Cuddapah Supergroup of Middle to Upper <a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a> (1600 to 570 <a href="/wiki/Mya_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mya (unit)">Ma</a>) by weathering agents like water and wind.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sri Venkateswara National Park<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Biosphere reserve">biosphere reserve</a> which is part of Seshachalam hills. The total area of the park is 353 km<sup>2</sup> (136 sq mi). The park is home to about 1,500 vascular plant species belonging to 174 families. Some of the rare and endemic plant species like <a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_santalinus" title="Pterocarpus santalinus">red sanders</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shorea" title="Shorea">Shorea</a> talura</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shorea" title="Shorea">Shorea</a> thumburggaia</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Terminalia_(plant)" title="Terminalia (plant)">Terminalia pallida</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Syzygium_alternifolium" title="Syzygium alternifolium">Syzygium alternifolium</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Psilotum_nudum" title="Psilotum nudum">Psilotum nudum</a></i> occur in this region. <i><a href="/wiki/Cycas_beddomei" title="Cycas beddomei">Cycas beddomei</a></i>, a species of <a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">cycad</a> in the genus <a href="/wiki/Cycas" title="Cycas">Cycas</a>, is found only in the <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Hills">Tirumala Hills</a>. </p><p>About 178 species of birds from this national park have been identified which includes the globally threatened <a href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_bulbul" title="Yellow-throated bulbul">yellow-throated bulbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey-fronted_green_pigeon" title="Grey-fronted green pigeon">grey-fronted green pigeon</a>, critically endangered <a href="/wiki/White-backed_vulture" title="White-backed vulture">Oriental white-backed vulture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Large_hawk-cuckoo" title="Large hawk-cuckoo">large hawk-cuckoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue-faced_malkoha" title="Blue-faced malkoha">blue-faced malkoha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow-browed_bulbul" title="Yellow-browed bulbul">yellow-browed bulbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_scimitar-babbler" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian scimitar-babbler">Indian scimitar-babbler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loten%27s_sunbird" title="Loten's sunbird">Loten's sunbird</a>. Among predators the <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopard</a> is quite common, along with the <a href="/wiki/Wild_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild dog">wild dog</a>. Among reptiles, the most interesting species is the <a href="/wiki/Draco_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Draco (genus)">gliding lizard</a>, found in some deep forested valleys. Another important reptile of this national park is the <a href="/wiki/Golden_gecko" title="Golden gecko">golden gecko</a>. </p><p>Established in 1987, Tirupati Zoo or <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Zoological_Park" title="Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park">Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a zoo located at Tirupati and is Asia's largest zoo, with an area of 5500 acres. It is built on the concept of Hindu mythology. It exhibits only animals that are mentioned in the ancient epics like <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahabharatha">Mahabharatha</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Panchatantra" title="Panchatantra">Panchatantra</a></i>. The enclosures are named based on Indian mythology. It hosts a wide range of animals such as deer, monkeys, lions, tigers, bears, elephants, peafowl, grey pelicans, marsh crocodiles, and starred tortoises. </p><p>Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshana shala is a home for <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> received as a donation (Godanam). It was established in 1956 by TTD and renamed to S.V. Gosamrakshana Shala in 2004. It is located at Chandragiri road, Tirupati. It is maintained by <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a> using the funds received through the Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshana Shala Trust. Activities of the trust include providing a good environment, management, and feeding for the cattle. The milk and its products produced here are used by TTD for daily rituals at Sri Venkateswara Temple and other TTD temples.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tirupati has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna climate</a> under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> system, specifically <i>Aw</i> (dry "winter"), closely bordering <i>As</i> (dry "summer"). During the <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a>, which lasts from January to May, average minimum temperatures are between 18 and 28 °C (64.4 and 82.4 °F). The dry season is followed by the <a href="/wiki/Rainy_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainy season">rainy season</a>, which lasts from June until the end of December. The city experiences heavy rainfall in November during the northeast monsoon season. The highest rainfall in 24 hours (219 millimetres or 8.62 inches) was on 16 November 2015, during the <a href="/wiki/2015_South_India_floods" title="2015 South India floods">2015 South India floods</a>. Cyclones commonly hit the Coast of <a href="/wiki/Nellore" title="Nellore">Nellore</a> and bring heavy rain to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Tirupati (<a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Airport" title="Tirupati Airport">Tirupati Airport</a>) 1981–2010, extremes 1981–2012 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6633; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5522; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.0<br />(109.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5522; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(111.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4422; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.0<br />(113.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4422; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.2<br />(113.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6633; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6633; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5522; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.1<br />(109.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8844; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4422; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">45.2<br />(113.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBB33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8844; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6633; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2<br />(102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6633; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.3<br />(104.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8844; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(100.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEEBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1F1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(0.69) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(0.20) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(0.20) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(0.63) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.5<br />(2.30) </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.0<br />(3.03) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.3<br />(4.62) </td> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.3<br />(5.01) </td> <td style="background: #34FF34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.7<br />(5.19) </td> <td style="background: #00CC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.2<br />(8.08) </td> <td style="background: #007E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">249.1<br />(9.81) </td> <td style="background: #51FF51; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.2<br />(4.57) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,126.1<br />(44.33) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">56.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">51 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><sup id="cite_ref-IMDnormals_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMDextremes_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="barbox tleft" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,white); color: var(--color-base,black)"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religions in Tirupati (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:92.82%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">92.82%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Muslims" title="Andhra Muslims">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:6.05%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">6.05%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Christians" title="Telugu Christians">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:dodgerblue; width:0.74%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.74%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other or not stated</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.39%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.39%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">Distribution of religions</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a>, the Tirupati city municipal corporation had a population of 287,035. The total population constitutes 145,977 males and 141,058 females — a sex ratio of 966 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. There were 24,643 children in the age group of 0–6 years. It had an effective literacy rate (7+ copulation) of 87.55%.<sup id="cite_ref-profile_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The urban agglomeration had a population of 459,985, of whom males constitute 231,456, females constitute 228,529 — a sex ratio of 987 females per 1000 males and 41,589 children are in the age group of 0–6 years. There are a total of 356,558 literates with an effective literacy rate (7+ population) of 85.22%. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1277850240">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li .l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style="width: min-content;flex-direction: column-reverse;"> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Languages of Tirupati (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-languages_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-languages-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:steelblue;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> 87.98 (88.0%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:green;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> 5.5 (5.50%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:royalblue;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> 3.4 (3.40%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:orange;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> 1.01 (1.01%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:grey;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Others 2.11 (2.11%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:grey;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Others 2.11 (2.11%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie50" style="background:steelblue;color:#000" title="Telugu 87.98 (88.0%)"></div> <div class="pie50" style="background:steelblue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.380turn)" title="Telugu 87.98 (88.0%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.880turn)" title="Urdu 5.5 (5.50%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.885turn)" title="Urdu 5.5 (5.50%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.935turn); background:royalblue;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 21.69385298% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Tamil 3.4 (3.40%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.969turn); background:orange;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 6.29146673% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Hindi 1.01 (1.01%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> is the official and the most commonly spoken language (87.98%). It is followed by <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (5.50%) and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> (3.40%), <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (1.01%) which are spoken in small numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-languages_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-languages-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tirupati Municipal Corporation">Tirupati Municipal Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Tirupati Urban Development Authority">Tirupati Urban Development Authority</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_(Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati (Assembly constituency)">Tirupati Assembly constituency</a> is one of the 175 assembly constituencies of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly</a>, India. Tirupati is part of <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)">Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)</a>. Gurumurthy Maddela of <a href="/wiki/YSR_Congress_Party" title="YSR Congress Party">YSR Congress Party</a> is the sitting <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Arani_Srinivasulu" title="Arani Srinivasulu">Arani Srinivasulu</a> of Janasena Party is the sitting <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Legislative Assembly">Member of Legislative Assembly</a> for Tirupati (Assembly constituency) and B. R. Sirisha Yadav of YSR Congress Party is the mayor for <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tirupati Municipal Corporation">Tirupati Municipal Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Tirupati Urban Development Authority">Tirupati Urban Development Authority</a> (TUDA) Chairman is Vacant. The Chairman Of <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a> is Bollineni Rajagopal Naidu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civic_administration">Civic administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Civic administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tirupati Municipal Corporation (TMC) oversees the administration of the city. Tirupati was constituted as a municipality on 1 April 1886; it was upgraded to a second grade municipality on 1 October 1962, to a first grade municipality on 12 December 1965, to special grade municipality on 13 February 1970, and to selection grade municipality on 7 October 1998. Tirupati Municipality was upgraded to a municipal corporation on 2 March 2007. The area of the municipal corporation at the time of formation was 16.59 square kilometres (6.41 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-tmc_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmc-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While, at present the area of the city is 27.44 square kilometres (10.59 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-profile_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tirupati has been ranked among the top ten cleanest cities in India as per Swachh Survekshan 2022 report. </p><p>Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA) is the <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a> authority. It was constituted in the year 1981, with Tirupati town and 89 villages under its jurisdiction. In 2008, it included <a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti" title="Srikalahasti">Srikalahasti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Puttur, Andhra Pradesh">Puttur</a> and 69 surrounding villages. At present TUDA covers an area of 1,211.51 km<sup>2</sup> (467.77 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-tuda_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tuda-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_order">Law and order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Law and order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Gateway_of_Heaven.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/The_Gateway_of_Heaven.JPG/220px-The_Gateway_of_Heaven.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/The_Gateway_of_Heaven.JPG/330px-The_Gateway_of_Heaven.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/The_Gateway_of_Heaven.JPG/440px-The_Gateway_of_Heaven.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>Sapthagiri Security Zone at <a href="/wiki/Alipiri" title="Alipiri">Alipiri</a>-Tirupati</figcaption></figure> <p>Tirupati has the status of Urban Police District; it has 25 police stations.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 100 <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Counter_Terrorist_Operations" title="Organisation for Counter Terrorist Operations">Octopus</a> (Organisation For Counter Terrorist Operations) commandos are deployed at Tirupati temple for its security. This was formed by <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Government of Andhra Pradesh">Government of Andhra Pradesh</a> in the year 2012. The elite commando force has been specially trained for in-house intervention, hostage rescue and in the Israeli combat technique <a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At <a href="/wiki/Alipiri" title="Alipiri">Alipiri</a>, a security zone was established to screen vehicles and pilgrims entering Tirumala, to safeguard the hills from terrorists and anti-social elements.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To ensure more safety in Tirumala-Tirupati, the government of Andhra Pradesh started a project called "Safe City-Tirupati": the Tirupati temple and the city is under 24*7 CCTV surveillance with 3000 CCTV cameras, monitored from a command-and-control centre. Baggage scanners and Explosives detectors are installed at several places.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utility_services">Utility services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Utility services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wind_Turbine_on_Tirumala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wind_Turbine_on_Tirumala.jpg/220px-Wind_Turbine_on_Tirumala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wind_Turbine_on_Tirumala.jpg/330px-Wind_Turbine_on_Tirumala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Wind_Turbine_on_Tirumala.jpg/440px-Wind_Turbine_on_Tirumala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Wind Turbines on the hills of Tirumala</figcaption></figure> <p>Electricity to the city is distributed by <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Southern_Power_Distribution_Company_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited">Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited</a> (APSPDCL), headquartered at Tirupati.<sup id="cite_ref-power1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-power1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city mostly depends on <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> for its needs,<sup id="cite_ref-water1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-water1-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it also gets water from <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Ganga" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugu Ganga">Telugu Ganga</a> canal and Kalyani dam.<sup id="cite_ref-dam1_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dam1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are dams in the vicinity: <a href="/wiki/Kalyani_Dam" title="Kalyani Dam">Kalyani Dam</a>, Papavinasanam Dam, Gogurbham Dam, Pasupudara Dam, Kumaradara Dam, Akasa Ganga,<sup id="cite_ref-dam2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dam2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all in the Tirumala Hill ranges. Of these, Papavinasanam, Gogurbham, Pasupudara, kumaradara, and Akasa Ganga completely cater to the water needs of Tirumala and Venkateswara Temple while 49% of Kalyani Dam water is being supplied to Tirumala and remaining water is supplied to Tirupati.<sup id="cite_ref-dam2_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dam2-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dam3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dam3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tirupati falls under the Tirupati Telecom District of the <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Sanchar_Nigam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Sanchar Nigam">Bharat Sanchar Nigam</a> Limited (BSNL).<sup id="cite_ref-Telecom1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telecom1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BSNL is planning to establish 27 Wi-Fi hotspots in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Telecom1_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telecom1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city also has a Regional Passport Seva Kendra (PSK).<sup id="cite_ref-passport1_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-passport1-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PSK-Tirupati will cover <a href="/wiki/Prakasam_district" title="Prakasam district">Prakasam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nellore" title="Nellore">Nellore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chittoor" title="Chittoor">Chittoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadapa" title="Kadapa">Kadapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurnool" title="Kurnool">Kurnool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anantapur,_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh">Anantapur</a> districts of Andhra Pradesh and will come under Visakhapatnam Passport Office.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city ranked sixth in India among the 200 cities that competed during Swachh Survekshan – 2018 conducted by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Ministry of Urban Development</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Pollution_Control_Board" title="Central Pollution Control Board">Central Pollution Control Board</a> (CPCB) of India. According to the National Urban Sanitation Policy, the city was ranked 117th in the country in 2009–10, with a total of 39.363 points.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of 'Swachh Tirupati', Tirupati Municipal Corporation has started household waste segregation programme.<sup id="cite_ref-waste1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waste1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of May 2015, 150 <a href="/wiki/Tonnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonnes">Tonnes</a> of waste is being collected per day from households within the municipal limits.<sup id="cite_ref-waste1_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waste1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is the 11th cleanliest city with 66 points in the cleanliness scorecard, published by Union Tourism Ministry of India.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tirupati is a medical hub with major hospitals situated in its vicinity. Many of these are either run under State government or run/funded by <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a> (TTD). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SVAravind_EYE_Hospital_Tirupati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/SVAravind_EYE_Hospital_Tirupati.jpg/220px-SVAravind_EYE_Hospital_Tirupati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/SVAravind_EYE_Hospital_Tirupati.jpg/330px-SVAravind_EYE_Hospital_Tirupati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/SVAravind_EYE_Hospital_Tirupati.jpg/440px-SVAravind_EYE_Hospital_Tirupati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>swAravind EYE Hospital Tirupati</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Ramnarain_Ruia_Government_General_Hospital" title="Sri Venkateswara Ramnarain Ruia Government General Hospital">Sri Venkateswara Ramnarain Ruia Government General Hospital</a> is one of the largest in the state of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, and the main government hospital for the <a href="/wiki/Rayalaseema" title="Rayalaseema">Rayalaseema</a> region. It was started in the year 1962 with a donation of Rs.5 lakhs from Sri Radha Krishna N. Ruia and 15 lakhs from TTD. At present it has 750 beds.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences">Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences</a> (swIMS) is another major medical institute, founded in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-SVIMS_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SVIMS-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pvt_Hospital_in_Tpty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pvt_Hospital_in_Tpty.jpg/220px-Pvt_Hospital_in_Tpty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pvt_Hospital_in_Tpty.jpg/330px-Pvt_Hospital_in_Tpty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Pvt_Hospital_in_Tpty.jpg/440px-Pvt_Hospital_in_Tpty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4030" data-file-height="2256" /></a><figcaption>Private medical facility</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TATA_Trust_Cancer_Unit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/TATA_Trust_Cancer_Unit.jpg/220px-TATA_Trust_Cancer_Unit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/TATA_Trust_Cancer_Unit.jpg/330px-TATA_Trust_Cancer_Unit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/TATA_Trust_Cancer_Unit.jpg/440px-TATA_Trust_Cancer_Unit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>swICCAR (Cancer) Facility at Tirupati</figcaption></figure> <p>Balaji Institute of Surgery, Research and Rehabilitation for the Disabled (BIRRD) has 250 beds; it was established in 1985 by TTD to treat patients with polio myelitis, cerebral palsy, congenital anomalies, spinal injuries, and orthopaedic impairments. A non-profit organisation, it is run with funds from Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams and donations from the public.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Government_Maternity_Hospital,_Tirupati" title="Government Maternity Hospital, Tirupati">Government Maternity Hospital</a> (GMH) in Tirupati is the largest maternity hospital in the state in terms of number of deliveries.<sup id="cite_ref-GMH_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMH-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established over 50 years ago, GMH serves pregnant woman from Chittoor, YSR, Nellore, Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh and few areas of Tamil Nadu.<sup id="cite_ref-GMH_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMH-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GMH was named "best hospital" under the "sterilization and institutional deliveries category" by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</a> for the year 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-GMH_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMH-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_economic_overview">City economic overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: City economic overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg/220px-FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg/330px-FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg/440px-FOXLINK_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>FOXLINK Facility at APIIC Park Tpty</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Tourism in Andhra Pradesh">Tourism</a> is the major industry in Tirupati.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tour1_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tour1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tour2_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tour2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entire economy directly or indirectly depends on <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a> (TTD). TTD is headquartered at Tirupati.<sup id="cite_ref-tirupatiTradition_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tirupatiTradition-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established in 1932, TTD is an independent trust which manages <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple,_Tirumala" title="Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala">Tirumala Venkateswara Temple</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_temples_under_Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="List of temples under Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">other temples</a> in Tirupati and all over the world. It is also involved in several social activities. As Tirupati is a major religious tourist destination, the <a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">hospitality industry</a> is also a major industry which includes many 3 star hotels and lodges.<sup id="cite_ref-tour1_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tour1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tour2_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tour2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taj_Group_of_Hotel_Tirupati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Taj_Group_of_Hotel_Tirupati.jpg/220px-Taj_Group_of_Hotel_Tirupati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Taj_Group_of_Hotel_Tirupati.jpg/330px-Taj_Group_of_Hotel_Tirupati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Taj_Group_of_Hotel_Tirupati.jpg/440px-Taj_Group_of_Hotel_Tirupati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Taj Group of Hotel Tirupati</figcaption></figure> <p>Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (APSPDCL) is also headquartered at Tirupati. Gandhi Road, Prakasam Road, V.V Mahal Road, AIR Bypass Road are highly commercial areas in the city. Major brands of automobile, textile, mobile, electrical and electronic companies have their outlets in Tirupati.<sup id="cite_ref-economy1_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economy1-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Industrial_Infrastructure_Corporation" title="Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation">APIIC</a> Industrial Park is located at Gajulamandyam, Renigunta. Industries like Sri Venkateswara Cooperative Sugar Factory Limited, AshwiniBio Pharma Ltd and others are situated in this park. <a href="/wiki/Amara_Raja_Group" title="Amara Raja Group">Amara Raja</a> factory is located at Karakambadi, Renigunta. Lanco cement factory is located at Eerpedu mandal. The majority of the city residents are employed under TTD. <a href="/wiki/Zoho_Corporation" title="Zoho Corporation">Zoho</a>, an Indian software development company has an office in <a href="/wiki/Renigunta" title="Renigunta">Renigunta</a> and has been operating from this office since 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-BL_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IT/ITES_and_electronics_industry"><span id="IT.2FITES_and_electronics_industry"></span>IT/ITES and electronics industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: IT/ITES and electronics industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DIXON_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/DIXON_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg/220px-DIXON_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/DIXON_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg/330px-DIXON_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/DIXON_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg/440px-DIXON_Facility_at_APIIC_EMC_Tpty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>DIXON Facility at APIIC EMC Tpty</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Munoth_Unit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Munoth_Unit.jpg/220px-Munoth_Unit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Munoth_Unit.jpg/330px-Munoth_Unit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Munoth_Unit.jpg/440px-Munoth_Unit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Munoth Lithium Ion Cell Manufacturing Facility First of its kind in India</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CELKON_Manifacturing_plant_at_Tirupati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/CELKON_Manifacturing_plant_at_Tirupati.jpg/220px-CELKON_Manifacturing_plant_at_Tirupati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/CELKON_Manifacturing_plant_at_Tirupati.jpg/330px-CELKON_Manifacturing_plant_at_Tirupati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/CELKON_Manifacturing_plant_at_Tirupati.jpg/440px-CELKON_Manifacturing_plant_at_Tirupati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>CELKON Manufacturing plant at Tirupati</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Mobile_and_Electronics_Manufacturing_Hub" title="Sri Venkateswara Mobile and Electronics Manufacturing Hub">Sri Venkateswara Mobile and Electronics Manufacturing Hub</a> is a dedicated mobile handset and electronics manufacturing facility located at Tirupati. The hub is spread over 122 acres (49 ha) Acres out of which Celkon is established in 20 acres (8.1 ha) acres, Micromax in 15 acres (6.1 ha) acres, Karbonn in 15.28 acres (6.18 ha) acres and Lava in 20 acres (8.1 ha) acres with a total investment of Rupees 2000 crores.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dixon Technologies has a manufacturing unit in this hub, where they are producing <a href="/wiki/Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">Smart TVs</a> for <a href="/wiki/Xiaomi" title="Xiaomi">Xiaomi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism_sector">Tourism sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Tourism sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tourism sector is of great importance to the city. It is because of the presence of <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Venkateswara Temple">Tirumala Venkateswara Temple</a> and a number of other temples in and around the city. It attracts large number of tourists which helps the tourism department of the state in generating revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tirumala is said to be one of the most visited religious sites on earth, and Tirupati Temple is currently a Guinness World Record holder for most visited temple in the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city celebrates all major <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Hindu festivals</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Sankranti" title="Sankranti">Sankranti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deepavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepavali">Deepavali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kartik_Poornima" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartik Poornima">Kartik Poornima</a>. <a href="/wiki/Srivari_Brahmotsavam" title="Srivari Brahmotsavam">Srivari Brahmotsavam</a> is a nine-day event, celebrated during the months of September–October, when the temple of Tirumala witnesses lakhs of devotees.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this festival, the processional deity <a href="/wiki/Malayappa_swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayappa swami">Malayappa</a> of Venkateswara Temple, along with his consorts Sridevi and Bhudevi, is taken in a procession in four mada streets around the temple on different <a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">Vahanams</a>. Tirupati also celebrates a carnival named as <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Ganga_Jatara" title="Tirupati Ganga Jatara">Tirupati Ganga Jatara</a>, held during second week of May every year. This is a week long festival where Gangamma (<a href="/wiki/Gramadevata" title="Gramadevata">Gramadevata</a>) is worshiped.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tank behind <a href="/wiki/Padmavathi_Temple,_Tiruchanur" class="mw-redirect" title="Padmavathi Temple, Tiruchanur">Padmavathi Temple, Tiruchanur</a> has Padma Pushkarini, where Chakra Snanam is undertaken on last day of the annual Padmavathi Brahmotsavams (Panchami Teertham). It witnesses lakhs of Devotees taking a dip in the holy waters.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vaikunta_Ekadasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaikunta Ekadasi">Vaikunta Ekadasi</a>, the day on which it is believed that Vaikunta Dwarams will be opened and the most important Vasihnavite festival, is celebrated in Tirumala and Tirupati with grandeur.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ratha_Saptami#In_Tirumala" title="Ratha Saptami">Rathasapthami</a> is another festival, celebrated in February, when Venkateswara's processional deity (Malayappa swami) is taken in a procession around the temple on seven different <a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">vahanas</a> from early morning to late night.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Sri Krishna janmastami</a>, also known as Gokulashtami, is celebrated with great fervour at Tirupati. The Lotus Temple belonging to <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">International Society for Krishna Consciousness</a> (ISKCON) is illuminated with lamps and paintings displaying themes from <a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Srimad Bhagavatham</a>. The celebrations include offering prayers to <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Sri Krishna</a>, Utlotsavam, <a href="/wiki/Annamacharya" title="Annamacharya">Annamayya</a> Kirtana alapana, <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Geetha</a> Parayanam among others. On this day 'Gokulashtami Asthanam' is held at <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Venkateswara Temple">Tirumala Venkateswara Temple</a>. TTD also celebrates janmastami at Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshana Shala where prayers are offered to cows, horses and elephants.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kartik_Poornima" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartik Poornima">Kartik Poornima</a> are the most auspicious occasions celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Kapila_Theertham" title="Kapila Theertham">Kapila Theertham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vadakalai" class="mw-redirect" title="Vadakalai">vadakalai</a> tradition is very influential in the Tirupati Vishnu temples. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Tirupathi_laddu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/A_Tirupathi_laddu.jpg/220px-A_Tirupathi_laddu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/A_Tirupathi_laddu.jpg/330px-A_Tirupathi_laddu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/A_Tirupathi_laddu.jpg/440px-A_Tirupathi_laddu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4208" data-file-height="2368" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Laddu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati Laddu">Tirupati Laddu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Venkateswara" title="Venkateswara">Srivari</a> Laddu) offered to <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara" title="Venkateswara">Venkateswara</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Venkateswara Temple">Tirupati Temple</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Laddu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati Laddu">Tirupati Laddu</a> is world famous among Hindu devotees around the world. It is the <a href="/wiki/Prasad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prasad">prasadam</a> at <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple,_Tirumala" title="Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala">Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala</a>. Tirupati Laddu was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">Geographical indication</a> tag which entitles only <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a> to make or sell it.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts,_crafts_and_architecture"><span id="Arts.2C_crafts_and_architecture"></span>Arts, crafts and architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Arts, crafts and architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a> established Sri Venkateswara Museum, one at Tirumala and the other at Tirupati. It has a wonderful collection of Tirupati temple architecture and historical artefacts, such as ancient weaponry, <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">pooja</a> items and idols. It has a comprehensive photo gallery that gives a unique insight into Tirupati region's culture and traditions. It also boasts a meditation centre.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988–89 <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India" title="Archaeological Survey of India">Archaeological Survey of India</a> had established an archaeological museum in the <a href="/wiki/Chandragiri_Fort,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Chandragiri Fort, Andhra Pradesh">Chandragiri fort</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chandragiri" title="Chandragiri">Chandragiri</a>. It exhibits rich collection of stone and metal sculptures of Hindu gods and other cultural vestiges retrieved from other historical places like <a href="/wiki/Gudimallam" title="Gudimallam">Gudimallam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gandikota" title="Gandikota">Gandikota</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yaganti" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaganti">Yaganti</a>. It also includes galleries for medieval weaponry of swords and daggers, coins and paper documents.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cityscape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temples">Temples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Temples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Temples_in_Tirupati" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Temples in Tirupati">Hindu Temples in Tirupati</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Venkateswara Temple">Tirumala Venkateswara Temple</a> is the most notable temple for being the world<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s richest <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavite" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnavite">Vaishnavite</a> temple of <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara" title="Venkateswara">Venkateswara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beside Venkateswara Temple, the city is known for many other ancient temples, such as <a href="/wiki/Padmavathi_Temple,_Tiruchanur" class="mw-redirect" title="Padmavathi Temple, Tiruchanur">Padmavathi Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tiruchanur" title="Tiruchanur">Tiruchanur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Govindaraja_Temple,_Tirupati" title="Govindaraja Temple, Tirupati">Govindaraja Temple</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kapileswara Temple at <a href="/wiki/Kapila_Theertham" title="Kapila Theertham">Kapila Theertham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalyana_Venkateswara_Temple,_Srinivasamangapuram" title="Kalyana Venkateswara Temple, Srinivasamangapuram">Kalyana Venkateswara Temple, Srinivasamangapuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Ganga_Jatara" title="Tirupati Ganga Jatara">Thathayyaguntta Gangamma Temple</a> of goddess Gangamma is the <a href="/wiki/Gramadevata" title="Gramadevata">Gramadevata</a> of Tirupati, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Kodandaramaswami_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Kodandaramaswami Temple">Sri Kodandaramaswami Temple</a> etc. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"> <li class="gallerycaption"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Temples_in_Tirupati" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Temples in Tirupati">Hindu Temples in Tirupati</a></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sri_Venkateswara_Swamy_Temple_in_Tirumala_in_Chittoor_district,Andhra_Pradesh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venkateswara Temple"><img alt="Venkateswara Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sri_Venkateswara_Swamy_Temple_in_Tirumala_in_Chittoor_district%2CAndhra_Pradesh.jpg/420px-Sri_Venkateswara_Swamy_Temple_in_Tirumala_in_Chittoor_district%2CAndhra_Pradesh.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sri_Venkateswara_Swamy_Temple_in_Tirumala_in_Chittoor_district%2CAndhra_Pradesh.jpg/631px-Sri_Venkateswara_Swamy_Temple_in_Tirumala_in_Chittoor_district%2CAndhra_Pradesh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sri_Venkateswara_Swamy_Temple_in_Tirumala_in_Chittoor_district%2CAndhra_Pradesh.jpg/840px-Sri_Venkateswara_Swamy_Temple_in_Tirumala_in_Chittoor_district%2CAndhra_Pradesh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple,_Tirumala" title="Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala">Venkateswara Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirupathi_(6337140675).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Govindaraja Temple"><img alt="Govindaraja Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tirupathi_%286337140675%29.jpg/210px-Tirupathi_%286337140675%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tirupathi_%286337140675%29.jpg/315px-Tirupathi_%286337140675%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Tirupathi_%286337140675%29.jpg/420px-Tirupathi_%286337140675%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Govindaraja_Temple,_Tirupati" title="Govindaraja Temple, Tirupati">Govindaraja Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Padmavathi_Ammavari_Temple.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Padmavathi Temple"><img alt="Padmavathi Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Padmavathi_Ammavari_Temple.JPG/236px-Padmavathi_Ammavari_Temple.JPG" decoding="async" width="158" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Padmavathi_Ammavari_Temple.JPG/355px-Padmavathi_Ammavari_Temple.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Padmavathi_Ammavari_Temple.JPG/472px-Padmavathi_Ammavari_Temple.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Padmavathi_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Padmavathi Temple">Padmavathi Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 159.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 157.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KodhandaRamarTemple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kodandarama Temple"><img alt="Kodandarama Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/KodhandaRamarTemple.jpg/236px-KodhandaRamarTemple.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/KodhandaRamarTemple.jpg/355px-KodhandaRamarTemple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/KodhandaRamarTemple.jpg/472px-KodhandaRamarTemple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kodandarama_Temple,_Tirupati" title="Kodandarama Temple, Tirupati">Kodandarama Temple</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 352px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 350px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapila_Theertham_waterfalls_Tirupati_2015_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kapila Theertham"><img alt="Kapila Theertham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kapila_Theertham_waterfalls_Tirupati_2015_1.jpg/525px-Kapila_Theertham_waterfalls_Tirupati_2015_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kapila_Theertham_waterfalls_Tirupati_2015_1.jpg/789px-Kapila_Theertham_waterfalls_Tirupati_2015_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kapila_Theertham_waterfalls_Tirupati_2015_1.jpg/1050px-Kapila_Theertham_waterfalls_Tirupati_2015_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kapila_Theertham" title="Kapila Theertham">Kapila Theertham</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_landmarks">Other landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Other landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Divyaramam_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Divyaramam_View.jpg/220px-Divyaramam_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Divyaramam_View.jpg/330px-Divyaramam_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Divyaramam_View.jpg/440px-Divyaramam_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Divyaramam View</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Talakona_falls_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Talakona_falls_view.jpg/220px-Talakona_falls_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Talakona_falls_view.jpg/330px-Talakona_falls_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Talakona_falls_view.jpg/440px-Talakona_falls_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Talakona falls view</figcaption></figure> <p>Besides historic temples, there are other tourist destinations in and around the city. <a href="/wiki/Chandragiri_Fort,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Chandragiri Fort, Andhra Pradesh">Chandragiri Fort</a> is a historical fort, built in the 11th century located in <a href="/wiki/Chandragiri" title="Chandragiri">Chandragiri</a>. The fort hosts an Archaeological Museum maintained by Archaeological Survey of India.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established in 1987, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Zoological_Park" title="Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park">Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park</a> in Tirupati is the largest <a href="/wiki/Zoo_Park" title="Zoo Park">zoo park</a> in Asia, which covers an area of 5532 acres.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tirupati also hosts a Regional Science centre. A Space Exposition Hall, which has a digital Planetarium, the first of its kind in Andhra Pradesh, and an Innovation Space were added to this centre.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Other Places of interest in Tirupati</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chandragiri_Fort_-_Raja_Mahal_(11).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chandragiri Fort"><img alt="Chandragiri Fort" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Chandragiri_Fort_-_Raja_Mahal_%2811%29.jpg/420px-Chandragiri_Fort_-_Raja_Mahal_%2811%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Chandragiri_Fort_-_Raja_Mahal_%2811%29.jpg/631px-Chandragiri_Fort_-_Raja_Mahal_%2811%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Chandragiri_Fort_-_Raja_Mahal_%2811%29.jpg/840px-Chandragiri_Fort_-_Raja_Mahal_%2811%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chandragiri_Fort,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Chandragiri Fort, Andhra Pradesh">Chandragiri Fort</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 352px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 350px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regional_science_centre_Tpty.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Regional Science Centre, Tirupati"><img alt="Regional Science Centre, Tirupati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Regional_science_centre_Tpty.jpg/525px-Regional_science_centre_Tpty.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Regional_science_centre_Tpty.jpg/789px-Regional_science_centre_Tpty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Regional_science_centre_Tpty.jpg/1050px-Regional_science_centre_Tpty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Regional Science Centre, Tirupati</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighbourhoods">Neighbourhoods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Neighbourhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on the suburb: <a href="/wiki/Vikruthamala" title="Vikruthamala">Vikruthamala</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tiruchanur" title="Tiruchanur">Tiruchanur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alipiri" title="Alipiri">Alipiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandragiri" title="Chandragiri">Chandragiri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renigunta" title="Renigunta">Renigunta</a> are the notable neighbourhoods of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-areas_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-areas-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_railway_station" title="Tirupati railway station">Tirupati railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_bus_station_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati bus station complex">Tirupati bus station complex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Airport" title="Tirupati Airport">Tirupati Airport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirupati_Ghat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tirupati_Ghat.jpg/220px-Tirupati_Ghat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tirupati_Ghat.jpg/330px-Tirupati_Ghat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Tirupati_Ghat.jpg/440px-Tirupati_Ghat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Tirupati Ghat Road</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:APSRTC_bus1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/APSRTC_bus1.jpg/220px-APSRTC_bus1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/APSRTC_bus1.jpg/330px-APSRTC_bus1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/APSRTC_bus1.jpg/440px-APSRTC_bus1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Sapthagiri Express bus of APSRTC</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roadways">Roadways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Roadways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Srinivasa_Sethu_Flyover_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Srinivasa_Sethu_Flyover_View.jpg/220px-Srinivasa_Sethu_Flyover_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Srinivasa_Sethu_Flyover_View.jpg/330px-Srinivasa_Sethu_Flyover_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Srinivasa_Sethu_Flyover_View.jpg/440px-Srinivasa_Sethu_Flyover_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Srinivasa Sethu Flyover View</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veterinary_University_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Veterinary_University_Road.jpg/220px-Veterinary_University_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Veterinary_University_Road.jpg/330px-Veterinary_University_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Veterinary_University_Road.jpg/440px-Veterinary_University_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Veterinary University Road</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NH_140_near_Tirupati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/NH_140_near_Tirupati.jpg/220px-NH_140_near_Tirupati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/NH_140_near_Tirupati.jpg/330px-NH_140_near_Tirupati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/NH_140_near_Tirupati.jpg/440px-NH_140_near_Tirupati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>NH 140 near Tirupati</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is well connected to major cities through <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway (India)">national</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_highways" class="mw-redirect" title="State highways">state highways</a>. National highways passing through Tirupati are National Highway 71 (which connects <a href="/wiki/Madanapalle" title="Madanapalle">Madanapalle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kadiri" title="Kadiri">Kadiri</a>), and National Highway 140 connecting Tirupati with <a href="/wiki/Puthalapattu" title="Puthalapattu">Puthalapattu</a>. Within Tirupati Urban Development Authority Limits, there are two additional national highways, namely, NH 716 and NH 565. NH 716 connects Renigunta part of Tirupati to Chennai and Muddanur (via Kadapa and Rajampet). NH 565 on the other hand connects NH 71 to NH 65 - it starts from Yerpedu area of Tirupati and ends at Nakrekal in Nalgonda district.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two all-weather, <a href="/wiki/Road_surface" title="Road surface">asphalt</a> <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_ghat_roads" title="Tirumala ghat roads">ghat roads between Tirupati and Tirumala</a>, one constructed in 1944 and the other in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-transport_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transport-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a total of 294.47 km (182.98 mi) of roads within the Tirupati Municipal Corporation limits.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/APSRTC" class="mw-redirect" title="APSRTC">APSRTC</a> is the state owned transport service, which operates buses to various destinations from <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_bus_station_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati bus station complex">Tirupati bus station complex</a>. The bus station comprises three mini bus stations to various destinations, such as Srinivasa bus station for west-bound destinations, Sri Hari bus station for east bound destinations and Yedukondalu bus station is utilised for bus services to <a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balaji Link bus station at <a href="/wiki/Alipiri" title="Alipiri">Alipiri</a> is also used for bus services to Tirumala.<sup id="cite_ref-transport_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transport-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams runs free buses from the railway station and central bus stand to Alipiri for pilgrims. The buses to Tirumala are known as Sapthagiri Express.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tirupati is in close proximity with the states of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. Hence, direct buses from <a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jayanagar,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayanagar, Bangalore">Jayanagar, Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vellore" title="Vellore">Vellore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a> are run by <a href="/wiki/APSRTC" class="mw-redirect" title="APSRTC">APSRTC</a> Sapthagiri Express. <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation">KSRTC</a>, <a href="/wiki/TNSTC" class="mw-redirect" title="TNSTC">TNSTC</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_Express_Transport_Corporation_(Tamil_Nadu)" class="mw-redirect" title="State Express Transport Corporation (Tamil Nadu)">SETC</a> also operates their services to Lower Tirupati. There are also private transport which operate in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tirumala_foot_steps">Tirumala foot steps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Tirumala foot steps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two footpaths from Tirupati to <a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a>. These paths are called <i>Sopanamargas</i> and are mostly used by pilgrims. The first (and older) path starts from <a href="/wiki/Alipiri" title="Alipiri">Alipiri</a> and has 3550 steps, totalling 11 km (6.8 mi). At Alipiri there is a temple dedicated to Venkateswara called Padalamandapam. There are four <a href="/wiki/Gopuram" title="Gopuram">Gopurams</a> (temple towers) along the way. The other path, called <i>Sri Vari Mettu</i> starts from Srinivasa Mangapuram and is 6 km (3.7 mi) long. Both paths are completely roofed and pass through seven hills (part of <a href="/wiki/Seshachalam_Hills" title="Seshachalam Hills">Seshachalam Hills</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tirupati has 6 railway stations. <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Main_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati Main railway station">Tirupati Main</a> is classified as an <i>A1 station</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Guntakal_railway_division" title="Guntakal railway division">Guntakal railway division</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Central_Railway_zone" title="South Central Railway zone">South Central Railway zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tirupati_West_Halt_railway_station" title="Tirupati West Halt railway station">Tirupati West Halt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiruchanur_railway_station" title="Tiruchanur railway station">Tiruchanur</a> are the satellite stations, used for decongesting rail traffic at the main station. In addition to these, Tirupati also has Chandragiri, Yerpedu and <a href="/wiki/Renigunta_Junction_railway_station" title="Renigunta Junction railway station">Renigunta Junction</a> railway stations to serve the needs of the people of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airways">Airways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Airways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg/220px-Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg/330px-Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg/440px-Tirupati_Airport_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Tirupati Airport View</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Airport" title="Tirupati Airport">Tirupati Airport</a> is located 15 km (9.3 mi) from the city centre and has daily flights to <a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolhapur" title="Kolhapur">Kolhapur</a>,<a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiruchirapalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruchirapalli">Tiruchirapalli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirdi" title="Shirdi">Shirdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajahmundry" title="Rajahmundry">Rajahmundry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi" title="Kalaburagi">Kalaburagi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubli" title="Hubli">Hubli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>. The closest international airport is <a href="/wiki/Chennai_International_Airport" title="Chennai International Airport">Chennai International Airport</a> which is 130 km (81 mi) from Tirupati. Tirupati Airport is being upgraded to an international airport. The new terminal was inaugurated on 22 October 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-newterminal_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newterminal-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ICI_Tirupati.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ICI_Tirupati.jpg/220px-ICI_Tirupati.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ICI_Tirupati.jpg/330px-ICI_Tirupati.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/ICI_Tirupati.jpg/440px-ICI_Tirupati.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1445" /></a><figcaption>ICI Tirupati</figcaption></figure> <p>The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools of the School Education Department of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Majority of them are named after presiding deity of Tirupati temple, <a href="/wiki/Venkateswara" title="Venkateswara">Venkateswara</a> and his consort goddess <a href="/wiki/Alamelu" class="mw-redirect" title="Alamelu">Padmavati</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SVU_Admin_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/SVU_Admin_Building.jpg/220px-SVU_Admin_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/SVU_Admin_Building.jpg/330px-SVU_Admin_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/SVU_Admin_Building.jpg/440px-SVU_Admin_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>SVU Admin Building</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S_V_Agricultural_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/S_V_Agricultural_College.jpg/220px-S_V_Agricultural_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/S_V_Agricultural_College.jpg/330px-S_V_Agricultural_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/S_V_Agricultural_College.jpg/440px-S_V_Agricultural_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>S V Agricultural College Tirupati</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several universities and colleges including <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Government of Andhra Pradesh">state government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam</a> sponsored such as, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_University" title="Sri Venkateswara University">Sri Venkateswara University</a>, established in 1954; <a href="/wiki/Sri_Padmavati_Mahila_Visvavidyalayam" title="Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam">Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam</a>, a dedicated women's university; Medical colleges include <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Medical_College" title="Sri Venkateswara Medical College">Sri Venkateswara Medical College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Padmavathi_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Padmavathi Medical College">Sri Padmavathi Medical College</a> for Women.<sup id="cite_ref-SVIMS_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SVIMS-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences">Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences</a> (SVIMS) is also a medical institute, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Vedic_University" title="Sri Venkateswara Vedic University">Sri Venkateswara Vedic University</a> to preserve, foster and promote oral traditions of Vedic, Agamic and Cognate Literature, with focus on right intonations.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Sanskrit_Vidyapeetha" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha">Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha</a>, a university established for higher learning in Sanskrit studies, Traditional Sastras and Pedagogy.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Veterinary_University" title="Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University">Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University</a> to strengthen education and services in the fields of Veterinary Science, Dairy Technology and Fishery Science in the State of Andhra Pradesh.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sri Venkateswara Institute of Traditional Sculpture and Architecture (SVITSA) run by TTD is one of the two institutions in India offering courses in traditional sculpture and architecture to students. Seven diploma courses are offered in subjects such as <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">temple architecture</a>, stone sculpture, Sudai aculpture, metal sculpture, wood sculpture, traditional painting and traditional <a href="/wiki/Kalamkari" title="Kalamkari">Kalamkari</a> art.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Culinary_Institute,_Tirupati" title="Indian Culinary Institute, Tirupati">Indian Culinary Institute, Tirupati</a> is the first culinary institute in India established by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Ministry of Tourism (India)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ICIT1_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICIT1-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ICIT2_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICIT2-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institutes_of_Science_Education_and_Research" title="Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research">Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research</a> (IISER) and <a href="/wiki/IIT_Tirupati" title="IIT Tirupati">IIT Tirupati</a> which were allotted by <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> to the state of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_College_of_Law" title="Sri Venkateswara College of Law">Sri Venkateswara College of Law</a> is a notable law college in Tirupati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inst_Of_Agri_Business_Management.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Inst_Of_Agri_Business_Management.jpg/220px-Inst_Of_Agri_Business_Management.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Inst_Of_Agri_Business_Management.jpg/330px-Inst_Of_Agri_Business_Management.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Inst_Of_Agri_Business_Management.jpg/440px-Inst_Of_Agri_Business_Management.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Institute Of Agri Business Management, Tirupati</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Atmospheric_Research_Laboratory" title="National Atmospheric Research Laboratory">National Atmospheric Research Laboratory</a> (NARL) is an autonomous research institute funded by the Department of Space of the Government of India. NARL is engaged in fundamental and applied research in the field of atmospheric sciences. It is around 30 km (19 mi) from Tirupati.</li> <li>Sri Venkateswara Medical College, Tirupati is selected for establishment of Multidisciplinary Research Units (MRUs) and Model Rural Health Research Units (MRHRU) by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).<sup id="cite_ref-research_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-research-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research,_Tirupati" title="Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati">Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati</a>. It has been established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, in order to promote Higher Scientific Learning and Research as well as Scientific Exploration at the Undergraduate and Postgraduate levels of education and to create Scientists and Academics. IISER Tirupati is recognised as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India. This new institute started functioning from the 2015 academic year in the month of August.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Tirupati" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati">Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati</a>. IIT Tirupati offers a 4-year Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) along with 2-years Master of Science (M.Sc.) Master of Science (M.S.), Master of Technology (M.Tech. - started in 2018), Master of Public Policy (MPP) & Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) programmes in several engineering, science and humanities fields .</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences">Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences</a> (SVIMS), Tirupati is selected for establishment of college level Viral Diagnostic Research Labs.<sup id="cite_ref-research_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-research-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A sub-centre for All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on the groundnut (<a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanut</a>) is established at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tirupati to conduct research activities on new high. The research will help to meet the needs of the country's 100 arid districts which receive less than 500 mm (20 in) rainfall. RARS has so far developed 12 groundnut varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-GNresearch_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GNresearch-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A research centre for indigenous cows was established by TTD at its dairy farm named Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshanashala. The purpose of the centre is to protect the cows and also to share the rare breeds among similar organisations. The Gosamrakshanashala already had distinctive high-worth breeds like Ongole, while it is also trying to gather Sahiwal breed of cows from Punjab, Gir cows of Gujarat to the centre, Tharparker and Kankrej cows from Karnataka.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/SVBC_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="SVBC TV">Sri Venkateswara Bhakti Channel (SVBC)</a>, the first 24-hour Telugu devotional TV channel dedicated to broadcast Hindu devotional programmes is telecast from Tirupati. </p><p>Started in 1949, <i><a href="/wiki/Sapthagiri_(magazine)" title="Sapthagiri (magazine)">Sapthagiri</a></i> is a spiritual monthly magazine based at Tirupati and published in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, English, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> languages.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both SVBC and <i>Sapthagiri</i> are run by <a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Telugu newspapers <i><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Bhoomi" title="Andhra Bhoomi">Andhra Bhoomi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sakshi_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakshi (magazine)">Saakshi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Eenadu" title="Eenadu">Eenadu</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vaartha" title="Vaartha">Vaartha</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Jyothi" title="Andhra Jyothi">Andhra Jyothi</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Prabha" title="Andhra Prabha">Andhra Prabha</a></i>; and English newspapers <i><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Chronicle" title="Deccan Chronicle">Deccan Chronicle</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Times_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of India">Times of India</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hans_India" title="The Hans India">The Hans India</a></i> are available in the city. The Hindu, Sakshi, Andhra Jyothi, Eenadu and other dailies have their printing and publication offices set up here. </p><p>Tirupati has <a href="/wiki/Akashvani_(radio_broadcaster)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akashvani (radio broadcaster)">All India Radio</a> station and is served by FM stations <a href="/wiki/BIG_FM_92.7" class="mw-redirect" title="BIG FM 92.7">92.7 Big FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_FM_93.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Red FM 93.5">93.5 Red FM</a>, and E-FM 104. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district" title="Tirupati district">Tirupati district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipal_corporations_in_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh">List of municipal corporations in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_agglomerations_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh">List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Tirupati" title="List of Hindu temples in Tirupati">List of Hindu temples in Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullaiahgaripalli" title="Pullaiahgaripalli">Pullaiahgaripalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Tirupati Urban Development Authority">Tirupati Urban Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tirupati Municipal Corporation">Tirupati Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Ganga_Jatara" title="Tirupati Ganga Jatara">Tirupati Ganga Jatara</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/tirupathi/dr-sirisha-elected-as-tirupati-corporation-mayor-677438">"Dr. Sirisha elected as Tirupati Corporation Mayor"</a>. <i>The Hans India</i>. 18 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hans+India&rft.atitle=Dr.+Sirisha+elected+as+Tirupati+Corporation+Mayor&rft.date=2021-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehansindia.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Ftirupathi%2Fdr-sirisha-elected-as-tirupati-corporation-mayor-677438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-area-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-area_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223191120/http://mct.gov.in/welcome/pagedetails/?id=6">"City profile"</a>. <i>Tirupati Municipal Corporation</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mct.gov.in/welcome/pagedetails/?id=6">the original</a> on 23 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tirupati+Municipal+Corporation&rft.atitle=City+profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmct.gov.in%2Fwelcome%2Fpagedetails%2F%3Fid%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-profile-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-profile_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-profile_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027032256/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf">"Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Provisional+Population+Totals%2C+Census+of+India+2011&rft.atitle=Urban+Agglomerations%2FCities+having+population+1+lakh+and+above&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011-prov-results%2Fpaper2%2Fdata_files%2FIndia2%2FTable_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/locode/in.htm">"United Nations – Code for Trade and Transport Locations"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+%E2%80%93+Code+for+Trade+and+Transport+Locations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unece.org%2Ffileadmin%2FDAM%2Fcefact%2Flocode%2Fin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2023" class="citation news cs1">Ahmed, Sayed (5 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telugu.oneindia.com/news/andhra-pradesh/new-registration-number-series-ap-40g-for-ap-government-vehicles-340731.html">"AP 40G : ఏపీలో ప్రభుత్వ వాహనాలకు కొత్త రిజిస్ట్రేషన్ నంబర్ సిరీస్"</a>. <i>One India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=One+India&rft.atitle=AP+40G+%3A+%E0%B0%8F%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B+%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5+%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81+%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4+%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D+%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D+%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D&rft.date=2023-04-05&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Sayed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelugu.oneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fnew-registration-number-series-ap-40g-for-ap-government-vehicles-340731.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications">https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about_us-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-about_us_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tirupati.cdma.ap.gov.in/about-tirupati">"About Us"</a>. <i>Tirupati Municipal Corporation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tirupati+Municipal+Corporation&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftirupati.cdma.ap.gov.in%2Fabout-tirupati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/andhra-pradesh/development-tirumala-andhra-pradesh-1916673">"Tirupati development"</a>. <i>Sakshi</i> (in Telugu). 13 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sakshi&rft.atitle=Tirupati+development&rft.date=2024-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sakshi.com%2Ftelugu-news%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fdevelopment-tirumala-andhra-pradesh-1916673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222111422/http://www.uniindia.com/news/other/administration-ap-financial-capital/45016.html">"Administration-AP-Financial Capital"</a>. Visakhapatnam. 29 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniindia.com/news/other/administration-ap-financial-capital/45016.html">the original</a> on 22 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Administration-AP-Financial+Capital&rft.date=2015-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniindia.com%2Fnews%2Fother%2Fadministration-ap-financial-capital%2F45016.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-map-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-map_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/28part32.pdf">"Part III - District and Sub-District (Mandals) - Guntur to Chittoor (7 Districts) - Guntur District"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Census of India. pp. 459, 512<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Part+III+-+District+and+Sub-District+%28Mandals%29+-+Guntur+to+Chittoor+%287+Districts%29+-+Guntur+District&rft.pages=459%2C+512&rft.pub=Census+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fmaps%2Fatlas%2F28part32.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Tirupati-bags-best-heritage-city-award/articleshow/30577258.cms">"Tirupati bags 'best heritage city' award"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 17 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Tirupati+bags+%27best+heritage+city%27+award&rft.date=2014-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fhyderabad%2FTirupati-bags-best-heritage-city-award%2Farticleshow%2F30577258.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1980" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Burton (1980). <i>Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195643183" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195643183"><bdi>978-0195643183</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peasant+State+and+Society+in+Medieval+South+India&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0195643183&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams">Monier Williams</a> (1899) “पति”, in , new edition, Oxford: At the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>, <small>→OCLC</small>, page 582/1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOppert2017" class="citation book cs1">Oppert, Gustav Salomon (8 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WiAnDwAAQBAJ&q=tiru+dravidian+word&pg=PA25"><i>On the Original Inhabitants of Bharatavarsa or India</i></a>. BoD – Books on Demand. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789925082193" title="Special:BookSources/9789925082193"><bdi>9789925082193</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Original+Inhabitants+of+Bharatavarsa+or+India&rft.pub=BoD+%E2%80%93+Books+on+Demand&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft.isbn=9789925082193&rft.aulast=Oppert&rft.aufirst=Gustav+Salomon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWiAnDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtiru%2Bdravidian%2Bword%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924024065470/cu31924024065470_djvu.txt">"Full text of "On the original inhabitants of Bharatavarsa or India"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>archive.org</i>. 1893<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.org&rft.atitle=Full+text+of+%22On+the+original+inhabitants+of+Bharatavarsa+or+India%22&rft.date=1893&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924024065470%2Fcu31924024065470_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tera-3.ul.cs.cmu.edu/NASD/4a7f1db4-5792-415c-be79-266f41eef20a/upgrade-archive-06-14-2007/data/upload-allbooks/disk%203/Jan%20N/ENGLISH/The_Dravidians_/TXT/">"Index of /NASD/4a7f1db4-5792-415c-be79-266f41eef20a/upgrade-archive-06-14-2007/data/upload-allbooks/disk 3/Jan N/ENGLISH/The_Dravidians_/TXT"</a>. <i>tera-3.ul.cs.cmu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tera-3.ul.cs.cmu.edu&rft.atitle=Index+of+%2FNASD%2F4a7f1db4-5792-415c-be79-266f41eef20a%2Fupgrade-archive-06-14-2007%2Fdata%2Fupload-allbooks%2Fdisk+3%2FJan+N%2FENGLISH%2FThe_Dravidians_%2FTXT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftera-3.ul.cs.cmu.edu%2FNASD%2F4a7f1db4-5792-415c-be79-266f41eef20a%2Fupgrade-archive-06-14-2007%2Fdata%2Fupload-allbooks%2Fdisk%25203%2FJan%2520N%2FENGLISH%2FThe_Dravidians_%2FTXT%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pushpa1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pushpa1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaman2006" class="citation book cs1">Raman, K. V . (January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vb2fAAAAMAAJ&q=pushpa"><i>Temple Art, Icons And Culture Of India And South-East Asia</i></a>. Sharada Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788188934317" title="Special:BookSources/9788188934317"><bdi>9788188934317</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temple+Art%2C+Icons+And+Culture+Of+India+And+South-East+Asia&rft.pub=Sharada+Publishing+House&rft.date=2006-01&rft.isbn=9788188934317&rft.aulast=Raman&rft.aufirst=K.+V+.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVb2fAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dpushpa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.tirumala.org/lord-sri-kodanda-rama-swamy-temple-in-tirupati-and-sri-pattabhiramalayam-temple-at-valmikipuram-gear-up-for-annual-mega-fete-special-story/">"Lord Sri Kodanda Rama Swamy Temple in Tirupati and Sri Pattabhiramalayam Temple at Valmikipuram Gear up for Annual Mega Fete-special Story"</a>. Tirumala Tirupati Devastanams<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lord+Sri+Kodanda+Rama+Swamy+Temple+in+Tirupati+and+Sri+Pattabhiramalayam+Temple+at+Valmikipuram+Gear+up+for+Annual+Mega+Fete-special+Story&rft.pub=Tirumala+Tirupati+Devastanams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.tirumala.org%2Flord-sri-kodanda-rama-swamy-temple-in-tirupati-and-sri-pattabhiramalayam-temple-at-valmikipuram-gear-up-for-annual-mega-fete-special-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/what-makes-the-tirupati-balaji-temple-the-richest-in-the-world-article-109463951">"At This Temple People Make Offerings of Gold, making it the Richest Temple in India, Know More"</a>. <i>Times Now</i>. 20 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Now&rft.atitle=At+This+Temple+People+Make+Offerings+of+Gold%2C+making+it+the+Richest+Temple+in+India%2C+Know+More&rft.date=2024-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesnownews.com%2Fspiritual%2Fwhat-makes-the-tirupati-balaji-temple-the-richest-in-the-world-article-109463951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-srivaishnav-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-srivaishnav_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarma2004" class="citation book cs1">Sarma, Mukkamala Radhakrishna (7 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IQtuAAAAMAAJ&q=srivaishnavism+tirupati"><i>Glimpses of our past—historical researches</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glimpses+of+our+past%E2%80%94historical+researches&rft.date=2004-01-07&rft.aulast=Sarma&rft.aufirst=Mukkamala+Radhakrishna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIQtuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dsrivaishnavism%2Btirupati&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopkins200269-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopkins200269_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHopkins2002">Hopkins 2002</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins2002" class="citation book cs1">Hopkins, Steven Paul (2002). <i>Singing the body of God: the hymns of Vedāntadeśika in their South Indian</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-512735-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-512735-8"><bdi>0-19-512735-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Singing+the+body+of+God%3A+the+hymns+of+Ved%C4%81ntade%C5%9Bika+in+their+South+Indian&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-19-512735-8&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Steven+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inscrip-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inscrip_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inscrip_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeelima2009" class="citation news cs1">Neelima, P (22 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gold-coat-to-hide-Tirumala-carvings/articleshow/5039959.cms">"Gold coat to hide Tirumala carvings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Gold+coat+to+hide+Tirumala+carvings&rft.date=2009-09-22&rft.aulast=Neelima&rft.aufirst=P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FGold-coat-to-hide-Tirumala-carvings%2Farticleshow%2F5039959.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/inscriptions-at-tirumala-digitised/article749997.ece">"Inscriptions at Tirumala digitised"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Inscriptions+at+Tirumala+digitised&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Finscriptions-at-tirumala-digitised%2Farticle749997.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120412013703/http://www.tirumala.org/maintemple_history.htm">"Temple History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tirumala.org/maintemple_history.htm">the original</a> on 12 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Temple+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tirumala.org%2Fmaintemple_history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sangeetasudha.org/annamacharya/k.html">"Sangeeta Sudha"</a>. <i>www.sangeetasudha.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sangeetasudha.org&rft.atitle=Sangeeta+Sudha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sangeetasudha.org%2Fannamacharya%2Fk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TirupatiHistory1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TirupatiHistory1_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNair2014" class="citation book cs1">Nair, Shantha (7 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CY9eAAAAQBAJ&q=Upper+Tirupathi&pg=PT118"><i>Sri Venkateshwara by Shantha Nair</i></a>. Jaico Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184954456" title="Special:BookSources/9788184954456"><bdi>9788184954456</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sri+Venkateshwara+by+Shantha+Nair&rft.pub=Jaico+Publishing+House&rft.date=2014-01-07&rft.isbn=9788184954456&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Shantha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCY9eAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DUpper%2BTirupathi%26pg%3DPT118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuda.gov.in/engineering/tirupatiustavam.aspx">"Tirupati Utsavam"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tirupati+Utsavam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuda.gov.in%2Fengineering%2Ftirupatiustavam.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRao2012" class="citation news cs1">Rao, M. Malleswara (27 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/pranab-inaugurates-4th-world-telugu-conference/article4245424.ece">"Pranab inaugurates 4th World Telugu conference"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Pranab+inaugurates+4th+World+Telugu+conference&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=M.+Malleswara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fpranab-inaugurates-4th-world-telugu-conference%2Farticle4245424.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topography-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-topography_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-topography_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-topography_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA1998" class="citation book cs1">A, Vijaya Kumari (1998). <i>Social Change Among Balijas: Majority Community of Andhra Pradesh</i>. MD publication pvt Ltd. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7533-072-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-7533-072-4"><bdi>81-7533-072-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Change+Among+Balijas%3A+Majority+Community+of+Andhra+Pradesh&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=MD+publication+pvt+Ltd&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=81-7533-072-4&rft.aulast=A&rft.aufirst=Vijaya+Kumari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/census/metropolitan/350-tirupati.html">"Tirupati Urban Region"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tirupati+Urban+Region&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2011.co.in%2Fcensus%2Fmetropolitan%2F350-tirupati.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721161523/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529424&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL">"Geological Survey of India – Monuments of Stratigraphic Significance"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529424&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL">the original</a> on 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geological+Survey+of+India+%E2%80%93+Monuments+of+Stratigraphic+Significance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portal.gsi.gov.in%2Fportal%2Fpage%3F_pageid%3D127%2C529424%26_dad%3Dportal%26_schema%3DPORTAL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529414&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&linkId=1077">"Geological Survey of India – Monuments of Stratigraphic Significance"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geological+Survey+of+India+%E2%80%93+Monuments+of+Stratigraphic+Significance&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portal.gsi.gov.in%2Fportal%2Fpage%3F_pageid%3D127%2C529414%26_dad%3Dportal%26_schema%3DPORTAL%26linkId%3D1077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150430045712/http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20svnp.htm">"Sri Venkateswara Sanctuary & National Park"</a>. Andhra Pradesh Forest Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20svnp.htm">the original</a> on 30 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Venkateswara+Sanctuary+%26+National+Park&rft.pub=Andhra+Pradesh+Forest+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforest.ap.nic.in%2FWL%2520svnp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150509084830/http://svzoo.org/html/theme.htm">"Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://svzoo.org/html/theme.htm">the original</a> on 9 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Venkateswara+Zoological+Park%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsvzoo.org%2Fhtml%2Ftheme.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ttdgoshala.org/">"Sri Venkateswara Gosamrakshana Shala'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Tirumala Tirupati Devastanams<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Venkateswara+Gosamrakshana+Shala%27&rft.pub=Tirumala+Tirupati+Devastanams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fttdgoshala.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://city.imd.gov.in/citywx/extreme/NOV/tirupathi2.htm">"TIRUPATHI"</a>. <i>city.imd.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=city.imd.gov.in&rft.atitle=TIRUPATHI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcity.imd.gov.in%2Fcitywx%2Fextreme%2FNOV%2Ftirupathi2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDnormals-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMDnormals_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf">"Station: Tirupati (A) Climatological Table 1981-2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Climatological Normals 1981-2010</i>. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. <span class="nowrap">751–</span>752. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climatological+Normals+1981-2010&rft.atitle=Station%3A+Tirupati+%28A%29+Climatological+Table+1981-2010&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E751-%3C%2Fspan%3E752&rft.date=2015-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimdpune.gov.in%2Flibrary%2Fpublic%2F1981-2010%2520CLIM%2520NORMALS%2520%2528STATWISE%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDextremes-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMDextremes_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf">"Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extremes+of+Temperature+%26+Rainfall+for+Indian+Stations+%28Up+to+2012%29&rft.pages=M19&rft.pub=India+Meteorological+Department&rft.date=2016-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimdpune.gov.in%2Flibrary%2Fpublic%2FEXTREMES%2520OF%2520TEMPERATURE%2520and%2520RAINFALL%2520upto%25202012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"Table C-01 Population by Religion: Andhra Pradesh"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&rft.atitle=Table+C-01+Population+by+Religion%3A+Andhra+Pradesh&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-01%2FDDW28C-01%2520MDDS.XLS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-languages-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-languages_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-languages_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10254/download/13366/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX">"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh (Town level)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&rft.atitle=Table+C-16+Population+by+Mother+Tongue%3A+Andhra+Pradesh+%28Town+level%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F10254%2Fdownload%2F13366%2FDDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/tdp-wins-tirupati-assembly-byelection/article6901522.ece">"TDP wins Tirupati Assembly by-election"</a>. 16 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TDP+wins+Tirupati+Assembly+by-election&rft.date=2015-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftdp-wins-tirupati-assembly-byelection%2Farticle6901522.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tmc-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tmc_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707052157/http://www.tirupaticorporation.org.in/about-tmc.aspx">"ABOUT TMC"</a>. <i>Tirupati Municipal Corporation</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tirupaticorporation.org.in/about-tmc.aspx">the original</a> on 7 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tirupati+Municipal+Corporation&rft.atitle=ABOUT+TMC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tirupaticorporation.org.in%2Fabout-tmc.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tuda-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tuda_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150614025001/http://www.tuda.gov.in/RTI_English.aspx">"TUDA – RTI 2005"</a>. <i>Tirupati Urban Development Authority</i>. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuda.gov.in/RTI_English.aspx">the original</a> on 14 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tirupati+Urban+Development+Authority&rft.atitle=TUDA+%E2%80%93+RTI+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuda.gov.in%2FRTI_English.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.appolice.gov.in/jsp/userDistComm.do?method=viewDistComm">"Tirupati Urban District"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tirupati+Urban+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appolice.gov.in%2Fjsp%2FuserDistComm.do%3Fmethod%3DviewDistComm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/NAT-TOP-how-octopus-commandos-flushed-out-militants-in-10-hr-long-operation-in-chittoor-4395129-NOR.html">"How Octopus commandos flushed out militants in 10-hr-long operation in Chittoor?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Octopus+commandos+flushed+out+militants+in+10-hr-long+operation+in+Chittoor%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdaily.bhaskar.com%2Fnews%2FNAT-TOP-how-octopus-commandos-flushed-out-militants-in-10-hr-long-operation-in-chittoor-4395129-NOR.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/new-security-setup-at-alipiri/article188746.ece">"New security set-up at Alipiri"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 21 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=New+security+set-up+at+Alipiri&rft.date=2009-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Fnew-security-setup-at-alipiri%2Farticle188746.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/high-security-in-tirumala-tirupati-after-terror-alert/">"High security in Tirumala, Tirupati after terror alert"</a>. <i>Indian Express</i>. 30 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express&rft.atitle=High+security+in+Tirumala%2C+Tirupati+after+terror+alert&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Findia-others%2Fhigh-security-in-tirumala-tirupati-after-terror-alert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-power1-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-power1_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apspdcl.in/SPDCL_Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=Login_portal_page_34_page_35">"APSPDCL-Company Profile"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=APSPDCL-Company+Profile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apspdcl.in%2FSPDCL_Home.portal%3F_nfpb%3Dtrue%26_pageLabel%3DLogin_portal_page_34_page_35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-water1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-water1_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eco-web.com/edi/111219.html">"Statistical Analysis of Drinking Water Quality and its Impact on Human Health in Chandragiri, near Tirupati, India"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+Analysis+of+Drinking+Water+Quality+and+its+Impact+on+Human+Health+in+Chandragiri%2C+near+Tirupati%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eco-web.com%2Fedi%2F111219.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dam1-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dam1_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707053835/http://www.tirupaticorporation.org.in/waterstime.aspx">"Tirupati Municipal Corporation-Water supply Timings"</a>. <i>Tirupati Municipal Corporation</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tirupaticorporation.org.in/waterstime.aspx">the original</a> on 7 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tirupati+Municipal+Corporation&rft.atitle=Tirupati+Municipal+Corporation-Water+supply+Timings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tirupaticorporation.org.in%2Fwaterstime.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dam2-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dam2_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dam2_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140624/nation-current-affairs/article/acute-water-crisis-hits-tirumala">"Acute water crisis hits Tirumala"</a>. <i>Deccan Chronicle</i>. 24 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Acute+water+crisis+hits+Tirumala&rft.date=2014-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanchronicle.com%2F140624%2Fnation-current-affairs%2Farticle%2Facute-water-crisis-hits-tirumala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dam3-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dam3_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurali2015" class="citation news cs1">Murali, B (14 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2015/jul/14/ttd-may-purchase-reservoir-from-ap-to-meet-water-needs-783768.html">"TTD May Purchase Reservoir from AP to Meet Water Needs"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=TTD+May+Purchase+Reservoir+from+AP+to+Meet+Water+Needs&rft.date=2015-07-14&rft.aulast=Murali&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fandhra-pradesh%2F2015%2Fjul%2F14%2Fttd-may-purchase-reservoir-from-ap-to-meet-water-needs-783768.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telecom1-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telecom1_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telecom1_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandeep2015" class="citation news cs1">Sandeep, B. Venkat (25 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/bsnl-ready-to-set-up-27-wifi-hotspots-in-tirupati/article7142206.ece">"BSNL ready to set up 27 Wi-Fi hotspots in Tirupati"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=BSNL+ready+to+set+up+27+Wi-Fi+hotspots+in+Tirupati&rft.date=2015-04-25&rft.aulast=Sandeep&rft.aufirst=B.+Venkat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fbsnl-ready-to-set-up-27-wifi-hotspots-in-tirupati%2Farticle7142206.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-passport1-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-passport1_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI2015" class="citation news cs1">PTI (21 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mea-realigns-jurisdiction-of-passport-offices-in-andhra-pradesh-telangana/articleshow/47374175.cms">"MEA realigns jurisdiction of passport offices in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=MEA+realigns+jurisdiction+of+passport+offices+in+Andhra+Pradesh%2C+Telangana&rft.date=2015-05-21&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fmea-realigns-jurisdiction-of-passport-offices-in-andhra-pradesh-telangana%2Farticleshow%2F47374175.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Good-news-for-passport-seekers-from-Kurnool-Kadapa/article17287415.ece">"Good news for passport seekers from Kurnool, Kadapa"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 10 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Good+news+for+passport+seekers+from+Kurnool%2C+Kadapa&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2FGood-news-for-passport-seekers-from-Kurnool-Kadapa%2Farticle17287415.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/state-bags-3-of-top-10-swachh-ranks/article24242936.ece">"State bags 3 of top 10 Swachh ranks"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 23 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=State+bags+3+of+top+10+Swachh+ranks&rft.date=2018-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fstate-bags-3-of-top-10-swachh-ranks%2Farticle24242936.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-waste1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-waste1_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-waste1_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/waste-segregation-begins-in-tirupati/article6972881.ece">"Waste segregation begins in Tirupati"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 9 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Waste+segregation+begins+in+Tirupati&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fwaste-segregation-begins-in-tirupati%2Farticle6972881.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150825195104/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Delhi-Emerges-7th-Cleanest-in-36-City-Cleanliness-Survey-Gangtok-Cleanest-Raipur-Dirtiest/2015/08/23/article2989433.ece">"Delhi Emerges 7th Cleanest in 36-City Cleanliness Survey, Gangtok Cleanest, Raipur Dirtiest"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. New Delhi. 23 August 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Delhi-Emerges-7th-Cleanest-in-36-City-Cleanliness-Survey-Gangtok-Cleanest-Raipur-Dirtiest/2015/08/23/article2989433.ece">the original</a> on 25 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Delhi+Emerges+7th+Cleanest+in+36-City+Cleanliness+Survey%2C+Gangtok+Cleanest%2C+Raipur+Dirtiest&rft.date=2015-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fnation%2FDelhi-Emerges-7th-Cleanest-in-36-City-Cleanliness-Survey-Gangtok-Cleanest-Raipur-Dirtiest%2F2015%2F08%2F23%2Farticle2989433.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=30671">"Foundation Laying Ceremony of the New Children's Hospital, Tirupati"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foundation+Laying+Ceremony+of+the+New+Children%27s+Hospital%2C+Tirupati&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Fnewsite%2Ferelcontent.aspx%3Frelid%3D30671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SVIMS-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SVIMS_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SVIMS_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svimstpt.ap.nic.in/">"Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women Tirupati AP'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Padmavathi+Medical+College+for+Women+Tirupati+AP%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvimstpt.ap.nic.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birrd.org/">"BIRRD"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BIRRD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birrd.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GMH-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GMH_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GMH_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GMH_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/maternity-hospital-awaits-better-treatment/article5446494.ece">"Maternity hospital awaits better 'treatment'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 10 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Maternity+hospital+awaits+better+%27treatment%27&rft.date=2013-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Fmaternity-hospital-awaits-better-treatment%2Farticle5446494.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI2013" class="citation news cs1">PTI (23 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tirupati-temple-makes-andhra-pradesh-top-tourist-spot-529266">"Tirupati temple makes Andhra Pradesh top tourist spot"</a>. <i>NDTV</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=Tirupati+temple+makes+Andhra+Pradesh+top+tourist+spot&rft.date=2013-07-23&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Ftirupati-temple-makes-andhra-pradesh-top-tourist-spot-529266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tour1-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tour1_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tour1_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/spiritual-tourism-to-rake-in-the-moolah/article6862908.ece">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Spiritual tourism' to rake in the moolah"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 5 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=%27Spiritual+tourism%27+to+rake+in+the+moolah&rft.date=2015-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fspiritual-tourism-to-rake-in-the-moolah%2Farticle6862908.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tour2-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tour2_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tour2_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRangarajan2013" class="citation news cs1">Rangarajan, A. D. (15 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/pilgrimage-tourism-hit-in-tirupati/article5025528.ece">"Pilgrimage tourism hit in Tirupati"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Pilgrimage+tourism+hit+in+Tirupati&rft.date=2013-08-15&rft.aulast=Rangarajan&rft.aufirst=A.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fpilgrimage-tourism-hit-in-tirupati%2Farticle5025528.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tirupatiTradition-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tirupatiTradition_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnipe2015" class="citation book cs1">Knipe, David M (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8oUSBwAAQBAJ&q=tirupati&pg=PT70"><i>Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190266738" title="Special:BookSources/9780190266738"><bdi>9780190266738</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vedic+Voices%3A+Intimate+Narratives+of+a+Living+Andhra+Tradition&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780190266738&rft.aulast=Knipe&rft.aufirst=David+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8oUSBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dtirupati%26pg%3DPT70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-economy1-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economy1_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/AP-registers-surge-in-vehicle-sale/articleshow/48660181.cms">"AP registers surge in vehicle sale"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 25 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=AP+registers+surge+in+vehicle+sale&rft.date=2015-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fhyderabad%2FAP-registers-surge-in-vehicle-sale%2Farticleshow%2F48660181.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BL-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BL_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/zoho-corporation-opens-office-at-renigunta/article10031688.ece">"Zoho Corporation opens office at Renigunta"</a>. <i>Business Line</i>. 13 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Line&rft.atitle=Zoho+Corporation+opens+office+at+Renigunta&rft.date=2018-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fcompanies%2Fzoho-corporation-opens-office-at-renigunta%2Farticle10031688.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI2015" class="citation news cs1">PTI (21 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/prime-minister-narendra-modi-to-lay-stone-of-mobile-hub-in-tirupati/articleshow/49486090.cms">"Prime Minister Narendra Modi to lay stone of mobile hub in Tirupati"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Prime+Minister+Narendra+Modi+to+lay+stone+of+mobile+hub+in+Tirupati&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fprime-minister-narendra-modi-to-lay-stone-of-mobile-hub-in-tirupati%2Farticleshow%2F49486090.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIANS2015" class="citation news cs1">IANS (22 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/tech-news-technology/pm-lays-foundation-stone-for-mobile-manufacturing-facility-in-tirupati/">"PM lays foundation stone for mobile manufacturing facility in Tirupati"</a>. <i>Indian Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express&rft.atitle=PM+lays+foundation+stone+for+mobile+manufacturing+facility+in+Tirupati&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.au=IANS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Ftechnology%2Ftech-news-technology%2Fpm-lays-foundation-stone-for-mobile-manufacturing-facility-in-tirupati%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurmanath2018" class="citation news cs1">Kurmanath, K. V. (4 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/xiaomi-begins-production-of-smart-tvs-at-tirupati/article25125337.ece">"Xiaomi begins production of smart TVs at Tirupati"</a>. <i>Business Line</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Line&rft.atitle=Xiaomi+begins+production+of+smart+TVs+at+Tirupati&rft.date=2018-10-04&rft.aulast=Kurmanath&rft.aufirst=K.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Finfo-tech%2Fxiaomi-begins-production-of-smart-tvs-at-tirupati%2Farticle25125337.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aptdc.gov.in/tirupathi.html">"Tirupati Tour – Andhra Pradesh Tourism"</a>. <i>www.aptdc.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aptdc.gov.in&rft.atitle=Tirupati+Tour+%E2%80%93+Andhra+Pradesh+Tourism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aptdc.gov.in%2Ftirupathi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/modi-inaugurates-garuda-terminla-at-tirupati-airport/article7792787.ece">"Govt determined to strengthen tourism infrastructure: PM"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. Tirupati. 22 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Govt+determined+to+strengthen+tourism+infrastructure%3A+PM&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fmodi-inaugurates-garuda-terminla-at-tirupati-airport%2Farticle7792787.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2014/oct/01/over-4-lakh-witness-garuda-vahana-seva-667120.html">"Over 4 Lakh Witness Garuda Vahana Seva"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. 1 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Over+4+Lakh+Witness+Garuda+Vahana+Seva&rft.date=2014-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fandhra-pradesh%2F2014%2Foct%2F01%2Fover-4-lakh-witness-garuda-vahana-seva-667120.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/tirupati-set-for-ganga-jatara/article4694213.ece">"Tirupati set for 'Ganga Jatara'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 8 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Tirupati+set+for+%27Ganga+Jatara%27&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Ftirupati-set-for-ganga-jatara%2Farticle4694213.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2014/nov/28/2014-687845.html">"2 Lakh Take Holy Dip on 'Panchami Theertham'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. 28 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=2+Lakh+Take+Holy+Dip+on+%27Panchami+Theertham%27&rft.date=2014-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fandhra-pradesh%2F2014%2Fnov%2F28%2F2014-687845.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tirupati-gearing-for-ekadasi/article2721342.ece">"Tirupati gearing for Ekadasi"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 16 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Tirupati+gearing+for+Ekadasi&rft.date=2011-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Ftirupati-gearing-for-ekadasi%2Farticle2721342.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/content/450956/15-lakh-converge-tirumala-vaikuntha.html">"1.5 lakh converge on Tirumala for Vaikuntha Ekadasi, New Year"</a>. <i>Deccan Herald</i>. 1 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=1.5+lakh+converge+on+Tirumala+for+Vaikuntha+Ekadasi%2C+New+Year&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F450956%2F15-lakh-converge-tirumala-vaikuntha.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027133227/http://www.geocities.com/suman_malepati/rathasaptami.html">"Rathasapthami photos"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geocities.com/suman_malepati/rathasaptami.html">the original</a> on 27 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rathasapthami+photos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geocities.com%2Fsuman_malepati%2Frathasaptami.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/janmashtami-celebrated-in-tirupati/article3091470.ece">"Janmashtami celebrated in Tirupati"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 16 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Janmashtami+celebrated+in+Tirupati&rft.date=2006-08-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Fjanmashtami-celebrated-in-tirupati%2Farticle3091470.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/all-set-for-sri-krishna-janmashtami-in-tirupati/article2380638.ece">"All set for Sri Krishna Janmashtami in Tirupati"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 21 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=All+set+for+Sri+Krishna+Janmashtami+in+Tirupati&rft.date=2011-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Fall-set-for-sri-krishna-janmashtami-in-tirupati%2Farticle2380638.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tirumala.org/KAPILESWARA%20SWAMY%20TEMPLE.aspx">"Sri Kapileswara Swamy Temple"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Kapileswara+Swamy+Temple&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tirumala.org%2FKAPILESWARA%2520SWAMY%2520TEMPLE.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/only-ttd-entitled-to-make-or-sell-tirupati-laddu-high-court/article5743809.ece">"Only TTD entitled to make or sell 'Tirupati laddu': High Court"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 3 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Only+TTD+entitled+to+make+or+sell+%27Tirupati+laddu%27%3A+High+Court&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fonly-ttd-entitled-to-make-or-sell-tirupati-laddu-high-court%2Farticle5743809.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/now-geographical-indication-rights-for-tirupati-laddu-114022800969_1.html">"Now, Geographical Indication rights for 'Tirupati laddu'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Business Standard<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Now%2C+Geographical+Indication+rights+for+%27Tirupati+laddu%27&rft.pub=Business+Standard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fnews-ians%2Fnow-geographical-indication-rights-for-tirupati-laddu-114022800969_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aptdc.gov.in/heritage-in-tirupati.html">"Heritage in Tirupati-SV Museum"</a>. Andhra Pradesh Tourism board<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heritage+in+Tirupati-SV+Museum&rft.pub=Andhra+Pradesh+Tourism+board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aptdc.gov.in%2Fheritage-in-tirupati.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_chandragiri.asp">"Archaeological Museum, Chandragiri"</a>. Archaeological Survey of India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Museum%2C+Chandragiri&rft.pub=Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasi.nic.in%2Fasi_museums_chandragiri.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Record-collection-of-Rs-5-73-crore-at-Tirumala/articleshow/12498226.cms">"Record collection of Rs 5.73 crore at Tirumala"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. Tirumala. 2 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Record+collection+of+Rs+5.73+crore+at+Tirumala&rft.date=2012-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fhyderabad%2FRecord-collection-of-Rs-5-73-crore-at-Tirumala%2Farticleshow%2F12498226.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tirumala.org/TemplesAtTirupathi.aspx">"Sri Govindaraja Swamy Temple"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Govindaraja+Swamy+Temple&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tirumala.org%2FTemplesAtTirupathi.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asi.nic.in/asi_museums_chandragiri.asp">"Museum – Chandagiri"</a>. <i>Archaeological Survey of India</i>. National Informatics Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft.atitle=Museum+%E2%80%93+Chandagiri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasi.nic.in%2Fasi_museums_chandragiri.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siasat.com/?by_user=183.82.212.231&ref_url=/news/asia%E2%80%99s-biggest-zoo-beckons-tourists">"Asia's biggest zoo beckons tourists"</a>. The Siasat Daily. 13 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia%27s+biggest+zoo+beckons+tourists&rft.pub=The+Siasat+Daily&rft.date=2010-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siasat.com%2F%3Fby_user%3D183.82.212.231%26ref_url%3D%2Fnews%2Fasia%25E2%2580%2599s-biggest-zoo-beckons-tourists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article1314096.ece">"Tirupati Zoo asked to exchange animals"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 11 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Tirupati+Zoo+asked+to+exchange+animals&rft.date=2008-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Farticle1314096.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Reporter2017" class="citation news cs1">Staff Reporter (22 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/cm-inaugurates-space-exposition-hall-innovation-hub-at-rsct/article18522391.ece">"CM inaugurates Space Exposition Hall, Innovation Hub at RSCT"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i> – via www.thehindu.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=CM+inaugurates+Space+Exposition+Hall%2C+Innovation+Hub+at+RSCT&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft.au=Staff+Reporter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Fcm-inaugurates-space-exposition-hall-innovation-hub-at-rsct%2Farticle18522391.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUDak_q0jaE">"Inauguration of Innovation Space, Space Exposition Hall and a digital planetarium"</a>. 13 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/VUDak_q0jaE">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inauguration+of+Innovation+Space%2C+Space+Exposition+Hall+and+a+digital+planetarium&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DVUDak_q0jaE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-areas-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-areas_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRangarajan2015" class="citation news cs1">Rangarajan, A.D (26 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tirupati-set-to-enter-smart-league/article8030338.ece">"Tirupati set to enter 'smart' league"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. Tirupati<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Tirupati+set+to+enter+%27smart%27+league&rft.date=2015-12-26&rft.aulast=Rangarajan&rft.aufirst=A.D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Ftirupati-set-to-enter-smart-league%2Farticle8030338.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/heavy-security-blanket-thrown-around-tirupati/article7956262.ece">"Heavy security blanket thrown around Tirupati"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. Tirupati. 7 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Heavy+security+blanket+thrown+around+Tirupati&rft.date=2015-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fheavy-security-blanket-thrown-around-tirupati%2Farticle7956262.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328053359/http://aproads.cgg.gov.in/getInfo.do?dt=1&oId=33">"List of National Highways passing through A.P. State"</a>. <i>Roads and Buildings Department</i>. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aproads.cgg.gov.in/getInfo.do?dt=1&oId=33">the original</a> on 28 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roads+and+Buildings+Department&rft.atitle=List+of+National+Highways+passing+through+A.P.+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faproads.cgg.gov.in%2FgetInfo.do%3Fdt%3D1%26oId%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transport-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-transport_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-transport_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tirumala.org/TransportFacilities.aspx">"Travelling from Tirupati to Tirumala by road"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Travelling+from+Tirupati+to+Tirumala+by+road&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tirumala.org%2FTransportFacilities.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150428003711/http://cdma.gov.in/tirupati/Public%20services_amenities.html">"Tirupati - Public services/amenities"</a>. <i>Municipal Administration & Urban Development Department</i>. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdma.gov.in/tirupati/Public%20services_amenities.html">the original</a> on 28 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Municipal+Administration+%26+Urban+Development+Department&rft.atitle=Tirupati+-+Public+services%2Famenities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdma.gov.in%2Ftirupati%2FPublic%2520services_amenities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/tirupati-bus-station-gets-new-name/article3067373.ece">"Tirupati bus station gets new name"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 28 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Tirupati+bus+station+gets+new+name&rft.date=2006-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Ftirupati-bus-station-gets-new-name%2Farticle3067373.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/super-luxury-buses-on-tirumala-ghat-roads/article362222.ece">"Super luxury buses on Tirumala ghat roads"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 24 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Super+luxury+buses+on+Tirumala+ghat+roads&rft.date=2009-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Fsuper-luxury-buses-on-tirumala-ghat-roads%2Farticle362222.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tirumala.org/TirumalatoTirupathiOnFoot.aspx">"Tirupati to Tirumala on Foot"</a>. Tirumala Tirupati Devastanams<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tirupati+to+Tirumala+on+Foot&rft.pub=Tirumala+Tirupati+Devastanams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tirumala.org%2FTirumalatoTirupathiOnFoot.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf">"Statement showing category-wise No. of stations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Indian Railways</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indian+Railways&rft.atitle=Statement+showing+category-wise+No.+of+stations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianrailways.gov.in%2FStationRedevelopment%2FAI%26ACategoryStns.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-05-02/Sixth-platform-works-begin-in-Tirupati-railway-station/297343">"Sixth platform works begin in Tirupati railway station"</a>. <i>The Hans India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hans+India&rft.atitle=Sixth+platform+works+begin+in+Tirupati+railway+station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehansindia.com%2Fposts%2Findex%2FAndhra-Pradesh%2F2017-05-02%2FSixth-platform-works-begin-in-Tirupati-railway-station%2F297343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newterminal-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newterminal_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tirupati-international-airport-inauguration-on-vijaya-dasami/article7751455.ece">"Tirupati International Airport inauguration on Vijaya Dasami"</a>. <i>The hindu</i>. 11 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+hindu&rft.atitle=Tirupati+International+Airport+inauguration+on+Vijaya+Dasami&rft.date=2015-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Ftirupati-international-airport-inauguration-on-vijaya-dasami%2Farticle7751455.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107220545/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf">"School Education Department"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=School+Education+Department&rft.pub=School+Education+Department%2C+Government+of+Andhra+Pradesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frmsaap.nic.in%2FNotification_TSG_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/">"The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal | AP State Portal"</a>. <i>www.ap.gov.in</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/">the original</a> on 7 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ap.gov.in&rft.atitle=The+Department+of+School+Education+%E2%80%93+Official+AP+State+Government+Portal+%7C+AP+State+Portal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ap.gov.in%2Fdepartment%2Forganizations%2Fschool-education%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svvedicuniversity.org/">"WELCOME TO SVVU'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WELCOME+TO+SVVU%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svvedicuniversity.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsvidyapeetha.ac.in/#/">"Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha :: Tirupati"</a>. <i>rsvidyapeetha.ac.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rsvidyapeetha.ac.in&rft.atitle=Rashtriya+Sanskrit+Vidyapeetha+%3A%3A+Tirupati&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsvidyapeetha.ac.in%2F%23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150424232812/http://svvu.edu.in/history.html">"Sri Venkateswara veterinary University HISTORY'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svvu.edu.in/history.html">the original</a> on 24 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sri+Venkateswara+veterinary+University+HISTORY%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.svvu.edu.in%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2014/oct/05/institute-of-traditional-sculpture-ancient-architecture-at-tirupati-668114.html">"Institute of Traditional Sculpture, Ancient Architecture at Tirupati"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. 5 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Institute+of+Traditional+Sculpture%2C+Ancient+Architecture+at+Tirupati&rft.date=2014-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fandhra-pradesh%2F2014%2Foct%2F05%2Finstitute-of-traditional-sculpture-ancient-architecture-at-tirupati-668114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICIT1-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICIT1_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/indian-culinary-institute-ready-for-inauguration/article24673689.ece">"Indian Culinary Institute ready for inauguration"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 13 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Indian+Culinary+Institute+ready+for+inauguration&rft.date=2018-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Findian-culinary-institute-ready-for-inauguration%2Farticle24673689.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICIT2-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICIT2_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2018-06-19/Indian-Culinary-Institute-in-Tirupati-is-all-set-to-open/390351/">"Indian Culinary Institute in Tirupati is all set to open"</a>. <i>The Hans India</i>. 19 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hans+India&rft.atitle=Indian+Culinary+Institute+in+Tirupati+is+all+set+to+open&rft.date=2018-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehansindia.com%2Fposts%2Findex%2FAndhra-Pradesh%2F2018-06-19%2FIndian-Culinary-Institute-in-Tirupati-is-all-set-to-open%2F390351%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPTI2015" class="citation news cs1">PTI (28 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/minister-lays-foundations-of-iit-iiit-iiser-in-chittoor-dist/article7043687.ece">"Minister lays foundations of IIT, IIIT, IISER in Chittoor dist"</a>. <i>Business Line</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Line&rft.atitle=Minister+lays+foundations+of+IIT%2C+IIIT%2C+IISER+in+Chittoor+dist&rft.date=2015-03-28&rft.au=PTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fnews%2Fminister-lays-foundations-of-iit-iiit-iiser-in-chittoor-dist%2Farticle7043687.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-research-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-research_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-research_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=113262">"Schemes to Promote Health Research in the Country"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schemes+to+Promote+Health+Research+in+the+Country&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Fnewsite%2FPrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D113262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GNresearch-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GNresearch_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/groundnut-research-to-get-a-boost-at-tirupati/article6984044.ece">"Groundnut research to get a boost at Tirupati"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 12 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Groundnut+research+to+get+a+boost+at+Tirupati&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fgroundnut-research-to-get-a-boost-at-tirupati%2Farticle6984044.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ttds-dairy-farm-to-become-a-research-centre-for-indigenous-cows/article5071265.ece">"TTD's dairy farm to become a research centre for indigenous cows"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 29 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=TTD%27s+dairy+farm+to+become+a+research+centre+for+indigenous+cows&rft.date=2013-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fttds-dairy-farm-to-become-a-research-centre-for-indigenous-cows%2Farticle5071265.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/ttd-to-release-2000-publications-as-ebooks/article7319785.ece">"TTD to release 2,000 publications as 'e-books'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. 15 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=TTD+to+release+2%2C000+publications+as+%27e-books%27&rft.date=2015-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fandhra-pradesh%2Fttd-to-release-2000-publications-as-ebooks%2Farticle7319785.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2015/jun/23/link-puranic-tales-to-current-issues-773209.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Link Puranic Tales to Current Issues'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. 23 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=%27Link+Puranic+Tales+to+Current+Issues%27&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fandhra-pradesh%2F2015%2Fjun%2F23%2Flink-puranic-tales-to-current-issues-773209.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATirupati" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tirupati" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tirupati">Tirupati</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tirupati#Q1436816" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Tirupati">Tirupati</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tuda.gov.in/">Tirupati Urban Development Authority</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/18px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/28px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/37px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Tirupati95" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Tirupati95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Tirupati</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tirupati251" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tirupati_topics" title="Template:Tirupati topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tirupati_topics" title="Template talk:Tirupati topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tirupati_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tirupati topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tirupati251" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tirupati</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Temples_in_Tirupati" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Temples in Tirupati">Hindu Temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venkateswara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateswara Temple">Venkateswara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmavathi_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Padmavathi Temple">Padmavathi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindaraja_Temple,_Tirupati" title="Govindaraja Temple, Tirupati">Govindarajaswamy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodandarama_Temple,_Tirupati" title="Kodandarama Temple, Tirupati">Kodandaramaswamy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyana_Venkateswara_Temple,_Srinivasamangapuram" title="Kalyana Venkateswara Temple, Srinivasamangapuram">Kalyana Venkateswara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanna_Venkateswara_Temple,_Appalayagunta" title="Prasanna Venkateswara Temple, Appalayagunta">Prasanna Venkateswara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila_Theertham" title="Kapila Theertham">Kapila Theertham Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakula_Devi" title="Vakula Devi">Vakula Mata Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varahaswamy_Temple,_Tirumala" class="mw-redirect" title="Varahaswamy Temple, Tirumala">Varahaswamy Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alipiri" title="Alipiri">Alipiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchanur" title="Tiruchanur">Tiruchanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragiri" title="Chandragiri">Chandragiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renigunta" title="Renigunta">Renigunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_(urban)_mandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati (urban) mandal">Tirupati (urban) mandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_(rural)_mandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati (rural) mandal">Tirupati (rural) mandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district" title="Tirupati district">Tirupati district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tirupati Municipal Corporation">Tirupati Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Urban_Development_Authority" title="Tirupati Urban Development Authority">Tirupati Urban Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_revenue_division" title="Tirupati revenue division">Tirupati revenue division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_(Assembly_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati (Assembly constituency)">Tirupati (Assembly constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)">Tirupati (Lok Sabha constituency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumala_Tirupati_Devasthanams" title="Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams">Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Southern_Power_Distribution_Company_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited">Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings and Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Nilayam" title="Ananda Nilayam">Ananda Nilayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragiri_Fort,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Chandragiri Fort, Andhra Pradesh">Chandragiri Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikuntam_Queue_Complex" title="Vaikuntam Queue Complex">Vaikuntam Queue Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyani_Dam" title="Kalyani Dam">Kalyani Dam</a></li> <li>Sri Venkateswara Museum</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourist attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Temples_in_Tirupati" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Temples in Tirupati">Hindu Temples in Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Zoological_Park" title="Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park">Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragiri_Fort,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Chandragiri Fort, Andhra Pradesh">Chandragiri Fort</a></li> <li>Municipal Park</li> <li>Papavinasanam</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateshwara_Mobile_and_Electronics_Manufacturing_Hub" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Venkateshwara Mobile and Electronics Manufacturing Hub">Sri Venkateshwara Mobile and Electronics Manufacturing Hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Culinary_Institute,_Tirupati" title="Indian Culinary Institute, Tirupati">Indian Culinary Institute, Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research,_Tirupati" title="Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati">IISER Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Technology_Tirupati" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati">IIT Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Sanskrit_University" title="National Sanskrit University">National Sanskrit University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Padmavati_Mahila_Visvavidyalayam" title="Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam">Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_College_of_Law" title="Sri Venkateswara College of Law">Sri Venkateswara College of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences">Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Medical_College" title="Sri Venkateswara Medical College">Sri Venkateswara Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_University" title="Sri Venkateswara University">Sri Venkateswara University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Vedic_University" title="Sri Venkateswara Vedic University">Sri Venkateswara Vedic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Veterinary_University" title="Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University">Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVIMS_-_Sri_Padmavathi_Medical_College_for_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="SVIMS - Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women">SVIMS - Sri Padmavathi Medical College for Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Healthcare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Ramnarain_Ruia_Government_General_Hospital" title="Sri Venkateswara Ramnarain Ruia Government General Hospital">Sri Venkateswara Ramnarain Ruia Government General Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences">Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Maternity_Hospital,_Tirupati" title="Government Maternity Hospital, Tirupati">Government Maternity Hospital, Tirupati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Airport" title="Tirupati Airport">Tirupati Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_railway_station" title="Tirupati railway station">Tirupati railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renigunta_Junction_railway_station" title="Renigunta Junction railway station">Renigunta Junction railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragiri_railway_station" title="Chandragiri railway station">Chandragiri railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchanur_railway_station" title="Tiruchanur railway station">Tiruchanur railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_West_Halt_railway_station" title="Tirupati West Halt railway station">Tirupati West Halt railway station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Road</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_bus_station_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati bus station complex">Tirupati bus station complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumala_ghat_roads" title="Tirumala ghat roads">Tirumala ghat roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_71_(India)" title="National Highway 71 (India)">NH 71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_140_(India)" title="National Highway 140 (India)"> NH 140</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_laddu" title="Tirupati laddu">Tirupati laddu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srivari_Brahmotsavam" title="Srivari Brahmotsavam">Srivari Brahmotsavam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Ganga_Jatara" title="Tirupati Ganga Jatara">Tirupati Ganga Jatara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Arch,_Tirumala_hills" title="Natural Arch, Tirumala hills">Silathoranam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapthagiri" title="Sapthagiri">Sapthagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkata_(hill)" title="Venkata (hill)">Venkatadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchaean_Unconformity" title="Eparchaean Unconformity">Eparchaean Unconformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshachalam_Hills" title="Seshachalam Hills">Seshachalam Hills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flora and Fauna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycas_beddomei" title="Cycas beddomei">cycas beddomei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swarnamukhi" title="Swarnamukhi">Swarnamukhi River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Venkateswara_National_Park" title="Sri Venkateswara National Park">Sri Venkateswara National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SVBC" title="SVBC">SVBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapthagiri_(magazine)" title="Sapthagiri (magazine)">Sapthagiri (magazine)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Tirupati International Cricket Stadium</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in India">List of cities in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities by population">List of cities by population</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urban_local_bodies_in_Andhra_Pradesh168" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Urban_local_bodies_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Template:Urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Urban_local_bodies_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Template talk:Urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Urban_local_bodies_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_local_bodies_in_Andhra_Pradesh168" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_local_bodies_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh">Urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Municipal<br />corporations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anantapur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Anantapur Municipal Corporation">Anantapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittoor_Municipal_Corporation" title="Chittoor Municipal Corporation">Chittoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluru_Municipal_Corporation" title="Eluru Municipal Corporation">Eluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntur_Municipal_Corporation" title="Guntur Municipal Corporation">Guntur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadapa_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kadapa Municipal Corporation">Kadapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakinada_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kakinada Municipal Corporation">Kakinada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurnool_Municipal_Corporation" title="Kurnool Municipal Corporation">Kurnool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam_Municipal_Corporation" title="Machilipatnam Municipal Corporation">Machilipatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalagiri_Tadepalli_Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangalagiri Tadepalli Municipal Corporation">Mangalagiri Tadepalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellore_Municipal_Corporation" title="Nellore Municipal Corporation">Nellore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongole_Municipal_Corporation" title="Ongole Municipal Corporation">Ongole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajamahendravaram_Municipal_Corporation" title="Rajamahendravaram Municipal Corporation">Rajamahendravaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikakulam_Municipal_Corporation" title="Srikakulam Municipal Corporation">Srikakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Municipal_Corporation" title="Tirupati Municipal Corporation">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada_Municipal_Corporation" title="Vijayawada Municipal Corporation">Vijayawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Visakhapatnam_Municipal_Corporation" title="Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizianagaram_Municipal_Corporation" title="Vizianagaram Municipal Corporation">Vizianagaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addanki" title="Addanki">Addanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoni" title="Adoni">Adoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allagadda" title="Allagadda">Allagadda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalapuram" title="Amalapuram">Amalapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amudalavalasa" title="Amudalavalasa">Amudalavalasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmakur,_Nandyal_district" title="Atmakur, Nandyal district">Atmakur (Nandyal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmakur,_Nellore_district" title="Atmakur, Nellore district">Atmakur (Nellore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badvel" title="Badvel">Badvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bapatla" title="Bapatla">Bapatla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimavaram" title="Bhimavaram">Bhimavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobbili" title="Bobbili">Bobbili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilakaluripet" title="Chilakaluripet">Chilakaluripet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhone" title="Dhone">Dhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmavaram,_Anantapur_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharmavaram, Anantapur district">Dharmavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamanchili" title="Elamanchili">Elamanchili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gooty" title="Gooty">Gooty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudivada" title="Gudivada">Gudivada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundur" title="Gundur">Gundur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntakal" title="Guntakal">Guntakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindupur" title="Hindupur">Hindupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichchapuram" title="Ichchapuram">Ichchapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggayyapeta" title="Jaggayyapeta">Jaggayyapeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangareddygudem" title="Jangareddygudem">Jangareddygudem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyandurg" title="Kalyandurg">Kalyandurg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandukur" title="Kandukur">Kandukur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanigiri" title="Kanigiri">Kanigiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadiri" title="Kadiri">Kadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavali" title="Kavali">Kavali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondapalli" title="Kondapalli">Kondapalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuppam" title="Kuppam">Kuppam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macherla" title="Macherla">Macherla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madanapalle" title="Madanapalle">Madanapalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandapeta" title="Mandapeta">Mandapeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markapur" title="Markapur">Markapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mydukur" title="Mydukur">Mydukur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naidupeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Naidupeta">Naidupeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandigama" title="Nandigama">Nandigama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandikotkur" title="Nandikotkur">Nandikotkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandyal" title="Nandyal">Nandyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagari,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Nagari, Andhra Pradesh">Nagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasapuram" title="Narasapuram">Narasapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasaraopet" title="Narasaraopet">Narasaraopet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narsipatnam" title="Narsipatnam">Narsipatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidadavolu" title="Nidadavolu">Nidadavolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuzvid" title="Nuzvid">Nuzvid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamaner" title="Palamaner">Palamaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakollu" title="Palakollu">Palakollu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palasa-Kasibugga" class="mw-redirect" title="Palasa-Kasibugga">Palasa-Kasibugga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedana" title="Pedana">Pedana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piduguralla" title="Piduguralla">Piduguralla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peddapuram" title="Peddapuram">Peddapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithapuram" title="Pithapuram">Pithapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponnur" title="Ponnur">Ponnur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proddatur" title="Proddatur">Proddatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pithapuram" title="Pithapuram">Pithapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulivendula" title="Pulivendula">Pulivendula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Puttur, Andhra Pradesh">Puttur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttaparthi" title="Puttaparthi">Puttaparthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punganur" title="Punganur">Punganur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajampeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajampeta">Rajampeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayachoti" title="Rayachoti">Rayachoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayadurgam" title="Rayadurgam">Rayadurgam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repalle" title="Repalle">Repalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandrapuram_mandal,_Konaseema_district" title="Ramachandrapuram mandal, Konaseema district">Ramachandrapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattenapalle" title="Sattenapalle">Sattenapalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samalkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Samalkot">Samalkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti" title="Srikalahasti">Srikalahasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullurpeta" title="Sullurpeta">Sullurpeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salur" title="Salur">Salur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadepalligudem" title="Tadepalligudem">Tadepalligudem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadigadapa" title="Tadigadapa">Tadigadapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanuku" title="Tanuku">Tanuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuni" title="Tuni">Tuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenali" title="Tenali">Tenali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatagiri" title="Venkatagiri">Venkatagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinukonda" title="Vinukonda">Vinukonda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tirupati_district323" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tirupati_district" title="Template:Tirupati district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tirupati_district" title="Template talk:Tirupati district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tirupati_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tirupati district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tirupati_district323" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district" title="Tirupati district">Tirupati district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district#Cities_and_towns" title="Tirupati district">District headquarters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tirupati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district#Cities_and_towns" title="Tirupati district">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tirupati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district#Cities_and_towns" title="Tirupati district">Towns and<br /> urban centers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gudur" title="Gudur">Gudur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti" title="Srikalahasti">Srikalahasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullurpeta" title="Sullurpeta">Sullurpeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_City" title="Sri City">Sri City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Puttur, Andhra Pradesh">Puttur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naidupet" title="Naidupet">Naidupet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatagiri" title="Venkatagiri">Venkatagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakala,_Tirupati_district" title="Pakala, Tirupati district">Pakala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sriharikota" title="Sriharikota">Sriharikota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district#Administrative_divisions" title="Tirupati district">Revenue divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_revenue_division" title="Tirupati revenue division">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudur_revenue_division" title="Gudur revenue division">Gudur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti_revenue_division" title="Srikalahasti revenue division">Srikalahasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullurupeta_revenue_division" title="Sullurupeta revenue division">Sullurupeta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district#Mandals" title="Tirupati district">Mandals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balayapalle" title="Balayapalle">Balayapalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchinaidu_Khandriga_mandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchinaidu Khandriga mandal">Buchinaidu Khandriga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragiri_mandal" title="Chandragiri mandal">Chandragiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chillakur_mandal" title="Chillakur mandal">Chillakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinnagottigallu_mandal" title="Chinnagottigallu mandal">Chinnagottigallu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittamur_mandal" title="Chittamur mandal">Chittamur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakkili_mandal" title="Dakkili mandal">Dakkili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doravarisatram_mandal" title="Doravarisatram mandal">Doravarisatram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudur_mandal,_Tirupati_district" title="Gudur mandal, Tirupati district">Gudur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._B._Puram_mandal" title="K. V. B. Puram mandal">K. V. B. Puram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota_mandal" title="Kota mandal">Kota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagalapuram_mandal" title="Nagalapuram mandal">Nagalapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naidupeta_mandal" title="Naidupeta mandal">Naidupeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanavanam_mandal" title="Narayanavanam mandal">Narayanavanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojili">Ojili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakala_mandal" title="Pakala mandal">Pakala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellakur" title="Pellakur">Pellakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichatur_mandal" title="Pichatur mandal">Pichatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttur_mandal" title="Puttur mandal">Puttur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandrapuram_mandal,_Tirupati_district" title="Ramachandrapuram mandal, Tirupati district">Ramachandrapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renigunta_mandal" title="Renigunta mandal">Renigunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyavedu_mandal" title="Satyavedu mandal">Satyavedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti_mandal" title="Srikalahasti mandal">Srikalahasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullurpeta_mandal" title="Sullurpeta mandal">Sullurpeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tada_mandal" title="Tada mandal">Tada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_(rural)_mandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati (rural) mandal">Tirupati Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_(urban)_mandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirupati (urban) mandal">Tirupati Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadamalapeta_mandal" title="Vadamalapeta mandal">Vadamalapeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakadu_mandal" title="Vakadu mandal">Vakadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varadaiahpalem_mandal" title="Varadaiahpalem mandal">Varadaiahpalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatagiri_mandal" title="Venkatagiri mandal">Venkatagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerpedu_mandal" title="Yerpedu mandal">Yerpedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerravaripalem_mandal" title="Yerravaripalem mandal">Yerravaripalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electoral<br /> constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha#Andhra_Pradesh_.2825.29" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha constituencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Tirupati Lok Sabha constituency">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittoor_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency">Chittoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_Andhra_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Assembly constituencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_Assembly_constituency" title="Tirupati Assembly constituency">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandragiri_Assembly_constituency" title="Chandragiri Assembly constituency">Chandragiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudur_Assembly_constituency" title="Gudur Assembly constituency">Gudur (SC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti_Assembly_constituency" title="Srikalahasti Assembly constituency">Srikalahasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyavedu_Assembly_constituency" title="Satyavedu Assembly constituency">Satyavedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullurpeta_Assembly_constituency" title="Sullurpeta Assembly constituency">Sullurpeta (SC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatagiri_Assembly_constituency" title="Venkatagiri Assembly constituency">Venkatagiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_holy_cities57" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Template:Hindu holy cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Template talk:Hindu holy cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu holy cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_holy_cities57" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> holy cities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Char_Dham" title="Char Dham">Char Dham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwarkadhish_Temple" title="Dwarkadhish Temple">Dwarkadhish Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathaswamy_Temple" title="Ramanathaswamy Temple">Ramanathaswamy Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chota_Char_Dham" title="Chota Char Dham">Chota Char Dham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangotri" title="Gangotri">Gangotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri" title="Yamunotri">Yamunotri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri_Temple" title="Yamunotri Temple">Yamunotri Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panch_Kedar" title="Panch Kedar">Panch Kedar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalpeshwar" title="Kalpeshwar">Kalpeshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaheshwar" title="Madhyamaheshwar">Madhyamaheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudranath" title="Rudranath">Rudranath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungnath" title="Tungnath">Tungnath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancharama_Kshetras" title="Pancharama Kshetras">Pancharama Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amararama" title="Amararama">Amararama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draksharama" class="mw-redirect" title="Draksharama">Draksharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksheerarama" title="Ksheerarama">Ksheerarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumararama" title="Kumararama">Kumararama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somarama" title="Somarama">Somarama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Six_Abodes_of_Murugan" title="Six Abodes of Murugan">Six Abodes of Murugan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palani" title="Palani">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Solaimalai_Murugan_Temple,_Pazhamudircholai" class="mw-redirect" title="Arulmigu Solaimalai Murugan Temple, Pazhamudircholai">Pazhamudircholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamimalai" title="Swamimalai">Swamimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruparankundram" title="Thiruparankundram">Thiruparankundram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruttani" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruttani">Thiruttani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchendur" title="Tiruchendur">Tiruchendur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trilinga_Kshetras" title="Trilinga Kshetras">Trilinga Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draksharama" class="mw-redirect" title="Draksharama">Draksharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleshwaram" title="Kaleshwaram">Kaleshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam" title="Srisailam">Srisailam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ashtavinayaka" title="Ashtavinayaka">Ashtavinayaka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenyadri" title="Lenyadri">Lenyadri</a> <ul><li>Girijatmaja</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahad" title="Mahad">Mahad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varadvinayak" title="Varadvinayak">Varadvinayaka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Morgaon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha_Temple,_Morgaon" title="Ganesha Temple, Morgaon">Mayureshwara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ozar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vigneshwara_Temple,_Ozar" title="Vigneshwara Temple, Ozar">Vighneswara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali,_Raigad" title="Pali, Raigad">Pali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballaleshwar_Pali" title="Ballaleshwar Pali">Ballaleshwara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjangaon" title="Ranjangaon">Ranjangaon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranjangaon_Ganpati" title="Ranjangaon Ganpati">Mahaganapati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhatek" title="Siddhatek">Siddhatek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siddhivinayak_Temple,_Siddhatek" title="Siddhivinayak Temple, Siddhatek">Siddhivinayaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Temple,_Theur" title="Chintamani Temple, Theur">Theur</a> <ul><li>Chintamani</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jyotirlinga" title="Jyotirlinga">Jyotirlinga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deoghar" title="Deoghar">Deoghar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baidyanath_Temple" title="Baidyanath Temple">Vaidyanath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nageshvara_Jyotirlinga" title="Nageshvara Jyotirlinga">Nageshvara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grishneshwar_Temple" title="Grishneshwar Temple">Grishneshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandwa_district" title="Khandwa district">Khandwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omkareshwar_Temple" title="Omkareshwar Temple">Omkareshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhas_Patan" title="Prabhas Patan">Prabhas Patan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somnath_temple" title="Somnath temple">Somnath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khed_taluka" title="Khed taluka">Rajgurunagar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhimashankar_Temple" title="Bhimashankar Temple">Bhimashankar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathaswamy_Temple" title="Ramanathaswamy Temple">Ramanathaswamy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam" title="Srisailam">Srisailam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam#The_Temple" title="Srisailam">Mallikājuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbak" title="Trimbak">Trimbak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Shiva_Temple" title="Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple">Trimbakeshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Jyotirlinga" title="Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga">Mahakaleshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashi_Vishwanath_Temple" title="Kashi Vishwanath Temple">Kasi Vishvanath</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhoota_Stalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancha Bhoota Stalam">Panchabootha Lingas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachalesvara_Temple" title="Arunachalesvara Temple">Annamalai (Fire)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvannamalai" title="Tiruvannamalai">Tiruvannamalai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Chidambaram (Ether)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekambareswarar_Temple_(Kanchipuram)" title="Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)">Ekambareswarar (Earth)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambukeswarar_Temple,_Thiruvanaikaval" title="Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval">Jambukeswarar (Water)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvanaikaval" title="Thiruvanaikaval">Thiruvanaikaval</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasteeswara_temple" title="Srikalahasteeswara temple">Srikalahasti (Air)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti" title="Srikalahasti">Srikalahasti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Sabhai" title="Pancha Sabhai">Pancha Sabhas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirukutralam" title="Thirukutralam">Art/Chithiram, Courtallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellaiappar_Temple" title="Nellaiappar Temple">Copper/Thamiram, Nellai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vadaranyeswarar_Temple" title="Sri Vadaranyeswarar Temple">Emerald/Rathinam, Thiruvalangadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Gold/Pon, Thillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Temple,_Madurai" class="mw-redirect" title="Meenakshi Temple, Madurai">Silver/Velli, Madurai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sapta_Puri" title="Sapta Puri">Sapta Puris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Avantika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Kashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Maya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Shakti Peeths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vimala_Temple" title="Vimala Temple">Vimala Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taratarini_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Taratarini Temple">Taratarini Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakhya_Temple" title="Kamakhya Temple">Kamakhya Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat_Kali_Temple" title="Kalighat Kali Temple">Kalighat Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukkuteswara_Temple" title="Kukkuteswara Temple">Kukkuteswara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneswaram_Temple" title="Koneswaram Temple">Koneswaram Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakshi_Amman_Temple" title="Kamakshi Amman Temple">Kamakshi Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamundeshwari_Temple" title="Chamundeshwari Temple">Chamundeshwari Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Temple,_Kolhapur" title="Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur">Mahalakshmi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biraja_Temple" title="Biraja Temple">Biraja Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopi_Devi_Mandir" title="Alopi Devi Mandir">Alopi Devi Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangla_Gauri_Temple" title="Mangla Gauri Temple">Mangla Gauri Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishalakshi_Temple" title="Vishalakshi Temple">Vishalakshi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha#List_of_51_Shakti_Peethas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kumbha_Mela" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbha Mela">Kumbha Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a>-<a href="/wiki/Trimbak" title="Trimbak">Trimbak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik-Trimbak Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a> (Prayaga) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayaga Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chhath" title="Chhath">Sun Temple for Chhath Puja</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deo_Surya_Mandir" title="Deo Surya Mandir">Deo Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umga_Sun_Temple" title="Umga Sun Temple">Umga Sun Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Navagraha_temples_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Navagraha temples in Tamil Nadu">Navagraha temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suryanar_Kovil" title="Suryanar Kovil">Suryanar Kovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailasanthar_Temple,Thingalur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailasanthar Temple,Thingalur">Kailasanathar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaitheeswaran_Koil" title="Vaitheeswaran Koil">Vaitheeswaran Koil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swetharanyeswarar_Temple" title="Swetharanyeswarar Temple">Swetharanyeswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatsahayesvarar_Temple,_Alangudi" title="Apatsahayesvarar Temple, Alangudi">Apatsahayesvarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agniswarar_Temple,_Kanjanur" title="Agniswarar Temple, Kanjanur">Agniswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirunallar_Saniswaran_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple">Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahu_Stalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahu Stalam">Rahu Stalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagannathaswamy_Temple,_Keezhaperumpallam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagannathaswamy Temple, Keezhaperumpallam">Nagannathaswamy Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><b>Important</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Temple" title="Amarnath Temple">Amarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundha_Nagnath" title="Aundha Nagnath">Aundha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabaleshwar_Temple,_Gokarna" title="Mahabaleshwar Temple, Gokarna">Gokarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple" title="Kandariya Mahadeva Temple">Khajuraho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudalasangama" title="Kudalasangama">Kudalasangama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_Temple" title="Lingaraja Temple">Lingaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paadal_Petra_Sthalam" title="Paadal Petra Sthalam">Paadal Petra Sthalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadisvara_Temple,_Thanjavur" class="mw-redirect" title="Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyagaraja_Temple,_Tiruvarur" title="Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur">Thiruvarur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkunnathan_Temple" title="Vadakkunnathan Temple">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom_Sree_Mahadeva_Temple" title="Vaikom Sree Mahadeva Temple">Vaikom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(shrine)" title="Samadhi (shrine)">Samadhis</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alandi" title="Alandi">Alandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur_Math" title="Belur Math">Belur Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Ghat" title="Tulsi Ghat">Tulsi Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meherabad" title="Meherabad">Meherabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirdi" title="Shirdi">Shirdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a></li> <li>Panchaganga Ghat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanthi_Nilayam" title="Prasanthi Nilayam">Prasanthi Nilayam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahobilam" title="Ahobilam">Ahobilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambaji" title="Ambaji">Ambaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annavaram" title="Annavaram">Annavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachala" title="Arunachala">Arunachala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnana_Saraswati_Temple,_Basar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnana Saraswati Temple, Basar">Basar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Ramachandraswamy_Temple,_Bhadrachalam" title="Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple, Bhadrachalam">Bhadrachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitrakoot,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh">Chitrakoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara" title="Chottanikkara">Chottanikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakor" title="Dakor">Dakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple" title="Dakshineswar Kali Temple">Dakshineswar Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deo,_Bihar" title="Deo, Bihar">Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmasthala" title="Dharmasthala">Dharmasthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettumanoor" title="Ettumanoor">Ettumanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaya,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya, India">Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokul" title="Gokul">Gokul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayur" title="Guruvayur">Guruvayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Indraprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jageshwar" title="Jageshwar">Jageshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biraja_Temple" title="Biraja Temple">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat" title="Kalighat">Kalighat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi_Temple" title="Vaishno Devi Temple">Katra Vaishno Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatushyamji,_Rajasthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatushyamji, Rajasthan">Khatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollur,_Udupi_district" title="Kollur, Udupi district">Kollur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Kumbakonam" title="List of Hindu temples in Kumbakonam">Kumbakonam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra" title="Kurukshetra">Kurukshetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalagiri" title="Mangalagiri">Mangalagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayapur" title="Mayapur">Mayapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabadwip" title="Nabadwip">Nabadwip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathdwara" title="Nathdwara">Nathdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Prayag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkar" title="Pushkar">Pushkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpagiri,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Pushpagiri, Andhra Pradesh">Pushpagiri Temple Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishikesh" title="Rishikesh">Rishikesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryali" title="Ryali">Ryali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarimala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabarimala">Sabarimala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Shakti Pitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Lakshmi_Narasimha_temple,_Simhachalam" title="Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam">Simhachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somnath_temple" title="Somnath temple">Somnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonamukhi" title="Sonamukhi">Sonamukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kurmam" title="Sri Kurmam">Sri Kurmam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(Gandhinagar)" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)">Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(New_Delhi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)">Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchanur" title="Tiruchanur">Tiruchanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirunavaya" title="Tirunavaya">Tirunavaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velliangiri_Mountains" title="Velliangiri Mountains">Velliangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rajeswara_Temple,_Vemulawada" title="Raja Rajeswara Temple, Vemulawada">Vemulawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Durga_Temple" title="Kanaka Durga Temple">Vijayawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lakshmi_Narasimha_Swamy_Temple,_Yadadri" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, Yadadri">Yadagirigutta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aum"><img alt="Aum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/30px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/45px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/60px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><b>Out of India</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ateshgah_of_Baku" title="Ateshgah of Baku">Ateshgah of Baku (Azerbaijan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_S%C6%A1n" title="Mỹ Sơn">Bhadreshwaram (Vietnam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_Talao" title="Ganga Talao">Ganga Talao (Mauritius)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraivan_Temple" title="Iraivan Temple">Iraivan temple (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_Temple_(Quanzhou)" title="Kaiyuan Temple (Quanzhou)">Kadhalishwaram ruins (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Mount Kailash (Tibet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sivan_Temple" title="Sri Sivan Temple">Sivan temple (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanom_Rung_Historical_Park" title="Phanom Rung Historical Park">Sthūlādri (Thailand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_the_Sea" title="Temple in the Sea">Temple in the Sea (Trinidad and Tobago)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasathan" title="Devasathan">Thewasathan Bot Phram</a> (<a href="/wiki/Giant_Swing" title="Giant Swing">Sao Chingcha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banteay_Srei" title="Banteay Srei">Tribhuvanamāhesvaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_temple" title="Balinese temple">Balinese temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besakih_Temple" title="Besakih Temple">Besakih Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surawana" title="Surawana">Candi Surawana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangkuang" title="Cangkuang">Cangkuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_Temple" title="Ceto Temple">Ceto Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpasar" title="Denpasar">Denpasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieng_Plateau" title="Dieng Plateau">Dieng Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebang" title="Gebang">Gebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedong_Songo" title="Gedong Songo">Gedong Songo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianyar_Regency" title="Gianyar Regency">Gianyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunung_Kawi" title="Gunung Kawi">Gunung Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Temple" title="Jawi Temple">Jawi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidal_Temple" title="Kidal Temple">Kidal Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marga,_Tabanan" title="Marga, Tabanan">Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pejeng" title="Pejeng">Pejeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penataran" title="Penataran">Penataran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluwatu_Temple" title="Uluwatu Temple">Pura Luhur Ulu Watu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Penataran_Sasih" title="Pura Penataran Sasih">Pura Penataran Sasih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Ulun_Danu_Batur" title="Pura Ulun Danu Batur">Pura Ulun Danu Batur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Ulun_Danu_Bratan" title="Pura Ulun Danu Bratan">Pura Ulun Danu Bratan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Shivagraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhasari_temple" title="Singhasari temple">Singhasari temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukuh" title="Sukuh">Sukuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanah_Lot" title="Tanah Lot">Tanah Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirta_Empul" title="Tirta Empul">Tirta Empul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barahachhetra" class="mw-redirect" title="Barahachhetra">Chataradham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janakpur" title="Janakpur">Janakpurdham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupatinath_Temple" title="Pashupatinath Temple">Pashupatinath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinglaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinglaj">Hinglaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_Peeth" title="Sharada Peeth">Sharada Peeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan_Sun_Temple" title="Multan Sun Temple">Multan Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katas_Raj_Temples" title="Katas Raj Temples">Katas Raj Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amb_Temples" title="Amb Temples">Amb Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Kali_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat Kali Temple">Kalat Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarparkar_Temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagarparkar Temples">Nagarparkar Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansehra_Shiva_Temple" title="Mansehra Shiva Temple">Mansehra Shiva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Temple" title="Lava Temple">Lava Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Sialkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannath Temple, Sialkot">Jagannath Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrio_Jabal" class="mw-redirect" title="Churrio Jabal">Churrio Jabal Durga Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadh_Belo" title="Sadh Belo">Sadh Belo Island Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafir_Kot" title="Kafir Kot">Kafir Kot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Ishwarams" title="Pancha Ishwarams">Pancheshwarams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketheeswaram_temple" title="Ketheeswaram temple">Ketheeshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneswaram_Temple" title="Koneswaram Temple">Koneswaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munneswaram_temple" title="Munneswaram temple">Munneshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naguleswaram_temple" title="Naguleswaram temple">Naguleshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenavaram_temple" title="Tenavaram temple">Thondeshwaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ati_Konanayakar" title="Ati Konanayakar">Ati Konanayakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataragama" title="Kataragama">Kataragama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokkadicholai_Thaanthonreeswarar_Temple" title="Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar Temple">Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathirakali_Amman_Temple" title="Pathirakali Amman Temple">Pathirakali Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thambiluvil_Kannaki_Amman_Temple" title="Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple">Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thambiluvil_Sri_Sivalinga_Pillayar_Temple" title="Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple">Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkovil_Temple" title="Thirukkovil Temple">Thirukkovil Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Andhra_Pradesh690" style="vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Andhra_Pradesh" title="Template:Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andhra_Pradesh" title="Template talk:Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andhra_Pradesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andhra Pradesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Andhra_Pradesh690" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/23px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/35px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_placeholder.svg/45px-Flag_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></span>  <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: none; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Andhra Pradesh">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="History of Andhra Pradesh">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Geography of Andhra Pradesh">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Government of Andhra Pradesh">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_people" title="Telugu people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Demographics of Andhra Pradesh">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Culture of Andhra Pradesh">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Economy of Andhra Pradesh">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Politics of Andhra Pradesh">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Education in Andhra Pradesh">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_cuisine" title="Andhra cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Andhra_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Andhra Pradesh">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Tourism in Andhra Pradesh">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Sports in Andhra Pradesh">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Transport in Andhra Pradesh">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Song</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maa_Telugu_Thalliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maa Telugu Thalliki">Maa Telugu Thalliki</a></dd> <dt>Language</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></dd> <dt>Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></dd> <dt>Sport</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></dd> <dt>Animal</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Blackbuck</a></dd> <dt>Bird</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rose-ringed_parakeet" title="Rose-ringed parakeet">Rose-ringed parakeet</a></dd> <dt>Fish</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Channa_marulius" title="Channa marulius">Great Snakehead</a></dd> <dt>Flower</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_officinale" title="Jasminum officinale">Jasmine</a></dd> <dt>Fruit</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Banganapalle_(mango)" title="Banganapalle (mango)">Banginapalli Mango</a></dd> <dt>Tree</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Azadirachta_indica" title="Azadirachta indica">Neem</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Andhra" title="North Andhra">North Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Andhra" title="Coastal Andhra">Coastal Andhra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayalaseema" title="Rayalaseema">Rayalaseema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of districts of Andhra Pradesh">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitharama_Raju_district" title="Alluri Sitharama Raju district">Alluri Sitharama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anakapalli_district" title="Anakapalli district">Anakapalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantapur_district" title="Anantapur district">Anantapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annamayya_district" title="Annamayya district">Annamayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bapatla_district" title="Bapatla district">Bapatla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittoor_district" title="Chittoor district">Chittoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Godavari_district" title="East Godavari district">East Godavari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluru_district" title="Eluru district">Eluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntur_district" title="Guntur district">Guntur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadapa_district" title="Kadapa district">Kadapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakinada_district" title="Kakinada district">Kakinada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konaseema_district" title="Konaseema district">Konaseema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_district" title="Krishna district">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurnool_district" title="Kurnool district">Kurnool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandyal_district" title="Nandyal district">Nandyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTR_district" title="NTR district">NTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palnadu_district" title="Palnadu district">Palnadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvathipuram_Manyam_district" title="Parvathipuram Manyam district">Parvathipuram Manyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakasam_district" title="Prakasam district">Prakasam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellore_district" title="Nellore district">Nellore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikakulam_district" title="Srikakulam district">Srikakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sathya_Sai_district" title="Sri Sathya Sai district">Sri Sathya Sai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati_district" title="Tirupati district">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam_district" title="Visakhapatnam district">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizianagaram_district" title="Vizianagaram district">Vizianagaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Godavari_district" title="West Godavari district">West Godavari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Metropolis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Andhra_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoni" title="Adoni">Adoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantapur" title="Anantapur">Anantapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimavaram" title="Bhimavaram">Bhimavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilakaluripet" title="Chilakaluripet">Chilakaluripet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittoor" title="Chittoor">Chittoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmavaram,_Sri_Sathya_Sai_district" title="Dharmavaram, Sri Sathya Sai district">Dharmavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadiri" title="Kadiri">Kadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluru" title="Eluru">Eluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudivada" title="Gudivada">Gudivada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntakal" title="Guntakal">Guntakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntur" title="Guntur">Guntur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindupur" title="Hindupur">Hindupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadapa" title="Kadapa">Kadapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakinada" title="Kakinada">Kakinada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurnool" title="Kurnool">Kurnool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Machilipatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madanapalle" title="Madanapalle">Madanapalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandyal" title="Nandyal">Nandyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasaraopet" title="Narasaraopet">Narasaraopet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellore" title="Nellore">Nellore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuzvid" title="Nuzvid">Nuzvid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongole" title="Ongole">Ongole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palakollu" title="Palakollu">Palakollu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proddatur" title="Proddatur">Proddatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajahmundry" title="Rajahmundry">Rajahmundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikakulam" title="Srikakulam">Srikakulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadepalligudem" title="Tadepalligudem">Tadepalligudem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadipatri" title="Tadipatri">Tadipatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenali" title="Tenali">Tenali</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuni" title="Tuni">Tuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizianagaram" title="Vizianagaram">Vizianagaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Transport in Andhra Pradesh">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airports_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Airports in Andhra Pradesh">Airports</a></li> <li>Railways</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:State_highways_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:State highways in Andhra Pradesh">Roadways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Andhra Pradesh">Seaports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Tourism in Andhra Pradesh">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Dams in Andhra Pradesh">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Forts in Andhra Pradesh">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Lakes of Andhra Pradesh">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:National parks in Andhra Pradesh">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_temples_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Hindu temples in Andhra Pradesh">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Churches in Andhra Pradesh">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh">Wildlife sanctuaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Waterfalls of Andhra Pradesh">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="History of Andhra Pradesh">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satavahana_dynasty" title="Satavahana dynasty">Satavahana dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Ikshvaku" title="Andhra Ikshvaku">Andhra Ikshvaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Gotrika" title="Ananda Gotrika">Ananda Gotrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salankayana_dynasty" title="Salankayana dynasty">Salankayana dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnukundina_dynasty" title="Vishnukundina dynasty">Vishnukundina dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty">Pallava dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Chalukyas" title="Eastern Chalukyas">Eastern Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakatiya_dynasty" title="Kakatiya dynasty">Kakatiya dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velanati_Chodas" title="Velanati Chodas">Velanati Chodas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musunuri_Nayakas" title="Musunuri Nayakas">Musunuri Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reddi_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Reddi kingdom">Reddi kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_Shahi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qutb Shahi dynasty">Qutb Shahi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Jahi_dynasty" title="Asaf Jahi dynasty">Asaf Jahi dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Andhra_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population">List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_agglomerations_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh">List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revenue_divisions_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh">List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_local_bodies_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh">List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mandals_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh">List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436816#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata849" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436816#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata849" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436816#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151240641">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4361438-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50066442">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12271679d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12271679d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557267405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&oldid=1277048038">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&oldid=1277048038</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tirupati" title="Category:Tirupati">Tirupati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tirupati_district" title="Category:Tirupati district">Tirupati district</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Category:Hindu holy cities">Hindu holy cities</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:Cities in Andhra Pradesh">Cities in Andhra Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:District_headquarters_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Category:District headquarters of Andhra Pradesh">District headquarters of Andhra Pradesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Smart_cities_in_India" title="Category:Smart cities in India">Smart cities in India</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Telugu-language_sources_(te)" title="Category:CS1 Telugu-language sources (te)">CS1 Telugu-language sources (te)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2024">Use dmy dates from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_October_2024" title="Category:Use Indian English from October 2024">Use Indian English from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_possible_nickname_list" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list">Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata">Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_settlement_with_possible_demonym_list" title="Category:Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list">Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2011" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 February 2025, at 09:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tirupati&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tirupati</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>53 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-fd9f956dc-t8xk6","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_63b21d4ac8eb3ff3052140d27d0d5378d3d96c9e":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1436816","properties":{"title":"Tirupati","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1436816","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Tirupati"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[79.4236,13.6355],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Tirupati","marker-symbol":"city"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.781","walltime":"2.114","ppvisitednodes":{"value":14300,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":650426,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":108280,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":25,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":501220,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1626.024 1 -total"," 33.32% 541.765 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.56% 366.832 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 17.17% 279.226 1 Template:Infobox"," 16.36% 266.047 54 Template:Cite_news"," 10.86% 176.665 54 Template:Cite_web"," 7.22% 117.323 2 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 6.39% 103.904 1 Template:Hinduism"," 4.98% 81.009 24 Template:Main_other"," 4.49% 72.986 1 Template:Navboxes"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.965","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15919901,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFA1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAhmed2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHopkins2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIANS2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnipe2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurmanath2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurali2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNair2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeelima2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOppert2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPTI2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPTI2015\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFRaman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRangarajan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRangarajan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRao2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandeep2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarma2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff_Reporter2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStein1980\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Andhra Pradesh\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 4,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 54,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 54,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 11,\n [\"Coord\"] = 3,\n [\"Cquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 9,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Tirupati (City)\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Hindu holy cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Hinduism\"] = 1,\n [\"IND\"] = 1,\n [\"INRConvert\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox mapframe\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 3,\n [\"Municipalities of Andhra Pradesh\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Panorama\"] = 1,\n [\"Photomontage\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rws\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Tirupati district\"] = 1,\n [\"Tirupati topics\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vaishnavism\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-fd9f956dc-bp59j","timestamp":"20250227032730","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tirupati","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tirupati","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1436816","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1436816","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-10-12T19:10:39Z","dateModified":"2025-02-22T09:45:26Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4e\/Tirumala_090615.jpg","headline":"city in Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, India"}</script> </body> </html>