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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Capital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Columns_and_entablature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Columns_and_entablature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Columns and entablature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Columns_and_entablature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anta_capital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anta_capital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Anta capital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anta_capital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History of use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ionic order</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="نظام إيوني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام إيوني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0onik_order" title="İonik order – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İonik order" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Іанічны ордар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іанічны ордар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Іянічны ордэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Іянічны ордэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Йонийски стил – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йонийски стил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonski_red" title="Jonski red – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jonski red" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2nic" title="Jònic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jònic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%97" title="Иони ордерӗ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иони ордерӗ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3nsk%C3%BD_%C5%99%C3%A1d" title="Iónský řád – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Iónský řád" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonisk_orden" title="Jonisk orden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jonisk orden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionische_Ordnung" title="Ionische Ordnung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ionische Ordnung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joonia_order" title="Joonia order – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Joonia order" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%81%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ιωνικός ρυθμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωνικός ρυθμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_j%C3%B3nico" title="Orden jónico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orden jónico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionika_ordo" title="Ionika ordo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ionika ordo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joniar_ordena" title="Joniar ordena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joniar ordena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="شیوه ایونی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیوه ایونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_ionique" title="Ordre ionique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre ionique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tOrd_I%C3%B3nach" title="An tOrd Iónach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tOrd Iónach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_x%C3%B3nica" title="Orde xónica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Orde xónica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84_%EC%96%91%EC%8B%9D" title="이오니아 양식 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이오니아 양식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հոնիական օրդեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոնիական օրդեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonski_red" title="Jonski red – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jonski red" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langgam_Ionia" title="Langgam Ionia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Langgam Ionia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordine_ionico" title="Ordine ionico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ordine ionico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="הסדר האיוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הסדר האיוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="იონიური ორდერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იონიური ორდერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_Ionicus" title="Ordo Ionicus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ordo Ionicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joniskais_orderis" title="Joniskais orderis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Joniskais orderis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Јонски ред – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јонски ред" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordni_joniku" title="Ordni joniku – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ordni joniku" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89" title="نظام ايونى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نظام ايونى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionische_orde" title="Ionische orde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ionische orde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E5%BC%8F" title="イオニア式 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イオニア式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonisk_s%C3%B8yleorden" title="Jonisk søyleorden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jonisk søyleorden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonisk_s%C3%B8yleorden" title="Jonisk søyleorden – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jonisk søyleorden" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioni_orderi" title="Ioni orderi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ioni orderi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porz%C4%85dek_jo%C5%84ski" title="Porządek joński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Porządek joński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_j%C3%B4nica" title="Ordem jônica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ordem jônica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinul_ionic" title="Ordinul ionic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ordinul ionic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ионический ордер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ионический ордер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendi_jonik" title="Rendi jonik – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rendi jonik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ionic order" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3nsky_sloh" title="Iónsky sloh – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Iónsky sloh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonski_slog" title="Jonski slog – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jonski slog" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ionic order" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Order of classical architecture</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ionic_Order_from_%E2%80%9CLes_ruines_plus_beaux_des_monuments_de_la_Gr%C3%A8ce%E2%80%9D_p197.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ionic_Order_from_%E2%80%9CLes_ruines_plus_beaux_des_monuments_de_la_Gr%C3%A8ce%E2%80%9D_p197.jpg/220px-Ionic_Order_from_%E2%80%9CLes_ruines_plus_beaux_des_monuments_de_la_Gr%C3%A8ce%E2%80%9D_p197.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ionic_Order_from_%E2%80%9CLes_ruines_plus_beaux_des_monuments_de_la_Gr%C3%A8ce%E2%80%9D_p197.jpg/330px-Ionic_Order_from_%E2%80%9CLes_ruines_plus_beaux_des_monuments_de_la_Gr%C3%A8ce%E2%80%9D_p197.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ionic_Order_from_%E2%80%9CLes_ruines_plus_beaux_des_monuments_de_la_Gr%C3%A8ce%E2%80%9D_p197.jpg/440px-Ionic_Order_from_%E2%80%9CLes_ruines_plus_beaux_des_monuments_de_la_Gr%C3%A8ce%E2%80%9D_p197.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3290" data-file-height="4949" /></a><figcaption>Architects' first real look at the Greek Ionic order: Julien David LeRoy, <i>Les ruines plus beaux des monuments de la Grèce</i> Paris, 1758 (Plate XX)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Ionic order</b> is one of the three canonic <a href="/wiki/Classical_order" title="Classical order">orders</a> of <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">classical architecture</a>, the other two being the <a href="/wiki/Doric_order" title="Doric order">Doric</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian</a>. There are two lesser orders: the <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_order" title="Tuscan order">Tuscan</a> (a plainer Doric), and the rich variant of Corinthian called the <a href="/wiki/Composite_order" title="Composite order">composite order</a>. Of the three classical canonic orders, the Corinthian order has the narrowest columns, followed by the Ionic order, with the Doric order having the widest columns. </p><p>The Ionic capital is characterized by the use of <a href="/wiki/Volute" title="Volute">volutes</a>. The Ionic <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">columns</a> normally stand on a base which separates the shaft of the column from the <a href="/wiki/Stylobate" title="Stylobate">stylobate</a> or platform while the cap is usually enriched with <a href="/wiki/Egg-and-dart" title="Egg-and-dart">egg-and-dart</a>. </p><p>The ancient architect and architectural historian <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a> associates the Ionic with feminine proportions (the Doric representing the masculine).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionic_order&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ionic_order.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ionic_order.svg/220px-Ionic_order.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="440" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ionic_order.svg/330px-Ionic_order.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ionic_order.svg/440px-Ionic_order.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Ionic order: <b>1</b> – entablature, <b>2</b> – column, <b>3</b> – pediment, <b>4</b> – frieze, <b>5</b> – architrave or epistyle, <b>6</b> – capital (composed of abacus and volutes), <b>7</b> – shaft, <b>8</b> – base, <b>9</b> – stylobate, <b>10</b> – krepis</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital">Capital</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionic_order&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Capital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capiteles_de_la_fachada_este_del_Erecte%C3%B3n,_Atenas,_Grecia,_2019_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Capiteles_de_la_fachada_este_del_Erecte%C3%B3n%2C_Atenas%2C_Grecia%2C_2019_06.jpg/220px-Capiteles_de_la_fachada_este_del_Erecte%C3%B3n%2C_Atenas%2C_Grecia%2C_2019_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Capiteles_de_la_fachada_este_del_Erecte%C3%B3n%2C_Atenas%2C_Grecia%2C_2019_06.jpg/330px-Capiteles_de_la_fachada_este_del_Erecte%C3%B3n%2C_Atenas%2C_Grecia%2C_2019_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Capiteles_de_la_fachada_este_del_Erecte%C3%B3n%2C_Atenas%2C_Grecia%2C_2019_06.jpg/440px-Capiteles_de_la_fachada_este_del_Erecte%C3%B3n%2C_Atenas%2C_Grecia%2C_2019_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Ionic capital at the <a href="/wiki/Erechtheum" class="mw-redirect" title="Erechtheum">Erechtheum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>), 5th century BC</figcaption></figure> <p>The major features of the Ionic order are the <a href="/wiki/Volute" title="Volute">volutes</a> of its <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capital</a>, which have been the subject of much theoretical and practical discourse, based on a brief and obscure passage in <a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only tools required to design these features were a straight-edge, a right angle, string (to establish half-lengths) and a compass. Below the volutes, the Ionic column may have a wide collar or banding separating the capital from the <a href="/wiki/Fluting_(architecture)" title="Fluting (architecture)">fluted</a> shaft (as in, for example, the <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neoclassical</a> mansion <a href="/wiki/Castle_Coole" title="Castle Coole">Castle Coole</a>), or a swag of fruit and flowers may swing from the clefts or "neck" formed by the volutes. </p><p>Originally, the volutes lay in a single plane (<i>illustration at right</i>); then it was seen that they could be angled out on the corners. This feature of the Ionic order made it more pliant and satisfactory than the Doric to critical eyes in the 4th century BC: angling the volutes on the corner columns ensured that they "read" equally when seen from either front or side facade. However, some classical artists viewed this as unsatisfactory, feeling that the placement of Ionic columns at building corners required a distortion at the expense of the capital's structural logic; the <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian order</a> would solve this by reading equally well from all angles.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 16th-century Renaissance architect and theorist <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Scamozzi" title="Vincenzo Scamozzi">Vincenzo Scamozzi</a> designed a version of such a perfectly four-sided Ionic capital that it became standard; when a Greek Ionic order was eventually reintroduced in the later 18th century <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Revival">Greek Revival</a>, it conveyed an air of archaic freshness and primitive, perhaps even republican, vitality.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Columns_and_entablature">Columns and entablature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionic_order&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Columns and entablature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ionic <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">column</a> is always more slender than the Doric; therefore, it always has a base:<sup id="cite_ref-Heck1856_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heck1856-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ionic columns are eight and nine column-diameters tall, and even more in the <a href="/wiki/Antebellum_architecture" title="Antebellum architecture">Antebellum</a> colonnades of late American Greek Revival plantation houses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ionic columns are most often <a href="/wiki/Fluting_(architecture)" title="Fluting (architecture)">fluted</a>. After a little early experimentation, the number of hollow flutes in the shaft settled at 24. This standardization kept the fluting in a familiar proportion to the diameter of the column at any scale, even when the height of the column was exaggerated. Unlike Greek Doric fluting, which runs out to an <a href="/wiki/Arris" title="Arris">arris</a> or sharp edge, that was easily damaged by people brushing it as they passed by, Ionic fluting leaves a little flat-seeming surface of the column surface between each hollow (in fact it is a small segment of a circle around the column).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some instances, the fluting has been omitted. English architect <a href="/wiki/Inigo_Jones" title="Inigo Jones">Inigo Jones</a> introduced a note of sobriety with plain Ionic columns on his <a href="/wiki/Banqueting_House,_Whitehall" class="mw-redirect" title="Banqueting House, Whitehall">Banqueting House, Whitehall</a>, London, and when Beaux-Arts architect <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Pope" title="John Russell Pope">John Russell Pope</a> wanted to convey the manly stamina combined with intellect of <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, he left colossal Ionic columns unfluted on the Roosevelt memorial at the <a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a>, New York City, for an unusual impression of strength and stature. Wabash Railroad architect R.E. Mohr included eight unfluted Ionic frontal columns on his 1928 design for the railroad's <a href="/wiki/Delmar_Boulevard_station" title="Delmar Boulevard station">Delmar Boulevard station</a> in St. Louis. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ionic_anta_capital_at_the_Erechtheum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ionic_anta_capital_at_the_Erechtheum.jpg/150px-Ionic_anta_capital_at_the_Erechtheum.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ionic_anta_capital_at_the_Erechtheum.jpg/225px-Ionic_anta_capital_at_the_Erechtheum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ionic_anta_capital_at_the_Erechtheum.jpg/300px-Ionic_anta_capital_at_the_Erechtheum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="554" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:186px;max-width:186px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_Erechtheum_Acropolis_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Detail_Erechtheum_Acropolis_Athens.jpg/184px-Detail_Erechtheum_Acropolis_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Detail_Erechtheum_Acropolis_Athens.jpg/276px-Detail_Erechtheum_Acropolis_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Detail_Erechtheum_Acropolis_Athens.jpg/368px-Detail_Erechtheum_Acropolis_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3312" data-file-height="2839" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left"><b>Left image</b>: Characteristic design of the Ionic <a href="/wiki/Anta_capital" title="Anta capital">anta capital</a> (essentially flat layout with straight horizontal <a href="/wiki/Molding_(decorative)" title="Molding (decorative)">moldings</a>).<br /> <b>Right image</b>: A Ionic <a href="/wiki/Anta_capital" title="Anta capital">anta capital</a>, with extensive bands of floral patterns in prolongation of adjoining <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">friezes</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a> (circa 410 BC).</div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Entablature" title="Entablature">entablature</a> resting on the columns has three parts: a plain <a href="/wiki/Architrave" title="Architrave">architrave</a> divided into two, or more generally three, bands, with a <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">frieze</a> resting on it that may be richly sculptural, and a <a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">cornice</a> built up with <a href="/wiki/Dentil" title="Dentil">dentils</a> (like the closely spaced ends of joists), with a corona ("crown") and cyma ("ogee") <a href="/wiki/Molding_(decorative)" title="Molding (decorative)">molding</a> to support the projecting roof. Pictorial, often narrative, <a href="/wiki/Bas-relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-relief">bas-relief</a> frieze carving provides a characteristic feature of the Ionic order, in the area where the Doric order is articulated with <a href="/wiki/Triglyph" title="Triglyph">triglyphs</a>. Roman and Renaissance practice condensed the height of the entablature by reducing the proportions of the architrave, which made the frieze more prominent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anta_capital">Anta capital</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionic_order&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Anta capital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Anta_capital" title="Anta capital">Anta capital</a></div> <p>The Ionic anta capital is the Ionic version of the <a href="/wiki/Anta_capital" title="Anta capital">anta capital</a>, the crowning portion of an <a href="/wiki/Anta_(architecture)" title="Anta (architecture)">anta</a>, which is the front edge of a supporting wall in <a href="/wiki/Greek_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek temple">Greek temple</a> architecture. The anta is generally crowned by a stone block designed to spread the load from superstructure (<a href="/wiki/Entablature" title="Entablature">entablature</a>) it supports, called an "anta capital" when it is structural, or sometimes "<a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilaster</a> capital" if it is only decorative as often during the Roman period. </p><p>In order not to protrude unduly from the wall, these anta capitals usually display a rather flat surface, so that the capital has more or less a rectangular-shaped structure overall. The Ionic anta capital, in contrast to the regular column capitals, is highly decorated and generally includes bands of alternating <a href="/wiki/Lotus_flower" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus flower">lotuses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flame_palmette" title="Flame palmette">flame palmettes</a>, and bands of <a href="/wiki/Egg-and-dart" title="Egg-and-dart">eggs and darts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beads_and_reels" class="mw-redirect" title="Beads and reels">beads and reels</a> patterns, in order to maintain continuity with the decorative frieze lining the top of the walls. This difference with the column capitals disappeared with Roman times when anta or pilaster capitals have designs very similar to those of the column capitals.<sup id="cite_ref-google_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ionic anta capitals as can be seen in the Ionic order temple of the <a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a> (circa 410 BCE), are characteristically rectangular Ionic anta capitals, with extensive bands of floral patterns in prolongation of adjoining <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">friezes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_use">History of use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionic_order&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History of use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ionic_polychromy_Die_Baukunst_der_Griechen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ionic_polychromy_Die_Baukunst_der_Griechen.jpg/170px-Ionic_polychromy_Die_Baukunst_der_Griechen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ionic_polychromy_Die_Baukunst_der_Griechen.jpg/255px-Ionic_polychromy_Die_Baukunst_der_Griechen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ionic_polychromy_Die_Baukunst_der_Griechen.jpg/340px-Ionic_polychromy_Die_Baukunst_der_Griechen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2488" data-file-height="4115" /></a><figcaption>Original polychromy in Ionic temples</figcaption></figure> <p>The Ionic order originated in the mid-6th century BC in <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a> (broadly equivalent to modern day <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_Province" title="İzmir Province">İzmir Province</a>), as well as the southwestern coastland and islands of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a> settled by <a href="/wiki/Ionians" title="Ionians">Ionians</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Ionic_Greek" title="Ionic Greek">Ionic Greek</a> was spoken. The Ionic order column was being practiced in mainland Greece in the 5th century BC. It was most popular in the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic period in Greece">Archaic Period</a> (750–480 BC) in Ionia. The first of the great Ionic temples was the <a href="/wiki/Heraion_of_Samos" title="Heraion of Samos">Temple of Hera</a> on <a href="/wiki/Samos_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Samos Island">Samos</a>, built about 570–560 BC by the architect <a href="/wiki/Rhoikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhoikos">Rhoikos</a>. It stood for only a decade before it was leveled by an earthquake. A longer-lasting 6th century Ionic temple was the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Artemis" title="Temple of Artemis">Temple of Artemis</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World" title="Seven Wonders of the Ancient World">Seven Wonders of the Ancient World</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Parthenon" title="Parthenon">Parthenon</a>, although it conforms mainly to the Doric order, also has some Ionic elements. A more purely Ionic mode to be seen on the <a href="/wiki/Athenian_Acropolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Athenian Acropolis">Athenian Acropolis</a> is exemplified in the <a href="/wiki/Erechtheum" class="mw-redirect" title="Erechtheum">Erechtheum</a>. </p><p>Following the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in the east, a few examples of the Ionic order can be found as far as <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Jandial" title="Jandial">Jandial temple</a> near <a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a>. Several examples of capitals displaying Ionic influences can be seen as far away as <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, especially with the <a href="/wiki/Pataliputra_capital" title="Pataliputra capital">Pataliputra capital</a>, dated to the 3rd century BC, and seemingly derived from the design of the Ionic anta capital,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <a href="/wiki/Sarnath_capital" title="Sarnath capital">Sarnath capital</a>, which has been described as "Perso-Ionic",<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "quasi-Ionic".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a>, a practicing architect who worked in the time of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, reports that the Doric column had its initial basis in the proportions of the male body, while Ionic columns took on a "slenderness" inspired by the female body.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though he does not name his source for such a self-conscious and "literary" approach, it must be in traditions passed on from <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> architects, such as <a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_of_Priene" title="Hermogenes of Priene">Hermogenes of Priene</a>, the architect of a famed temple of Artemis at <a href="/wiki/Magnesia_on_the_Meander" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnesia on the Meander">Magnesia on the Meander</a> in Lydia (now Türkiye). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> architectural theorists took his hints to interpret the Ionic order as matronly in comparison to the Doric order, though not as wholly feminine as the Corinthian order. The Ionic is a natural order for post-Renaissance libraries and courts of justice, learned and civilized. Because no treatises on classical architecture survive earlier than that of Vitruvius, identification of such "meaning" in architectural elements as it was understood in the 5th and 4th centuries BC remains tenuous, though during the Renaissance it became part of the conventional "speech" of classicism.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 17th century onwards, a much admired and copied version of Ionic was that which could be seen in the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Fortuna_Virilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Fortuna Virilis">Temple of Fortuna Virilis</a> in Rome, first clearly presented in a detailed engraving in <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Desgodetz" title="Antoine Desgodetz">Antoine Desgodetz</a>, <i>Les edifices antiques de Rome</i> (Paris 1682). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionic_order&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A9neau_en_pierre_et_ornements_en_terre_cuite_de_la_Sicile_et_de_M%C3%A9taponte._Restaurations_partielles_du_temple_de_Th%C3%A9s%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Ath%C3%A8nes,_et_de_celui_de_N%C3%A8m%C3%A8sis_%C3%A0_Rhamnus._Page_of_L%E2%80%99Architecture_Polychrome_chez_les_Grecs,_published_in_1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="19th century illustration of multiple polychrome elements of Ancient Greek architecture, including an Ionic capital in the top left, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff"><img alt="19th century illustration of multiple polychrome elements of Ancient Greek architecture, including an Ionic capital in the top left, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ch%C3%A9neau_en_pierre_et_ornements_en_terre_cuite_de_la_Sicile_et_de_M%C3%A9taponte._Restaurations_partielles_du_temple_de_Th%C3%A9s%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Ath%C3%A8nes%2C_et_de_celui_de_N%C3%A8m%C3%A8sis_%C3%A0_Rhamnus._Page_of_L%E2%80%99Architecture_Polychrome_chez_les_Grecs%2C_published_in_1851.jpg/217px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ch%C3%A9neau_en_pierre_et_ornements_en_terre_cuite_de_la_Sicile_et_de_M%C3%A9taponte._Restaurations_partielles_du_temple_de_Th%C3%A9s%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Ath%C3%A8nes%2C_et_de_celui_de_N%C3%A8m%C3%A8sis_%C3%A0_Rhamnus._Page_of_L%E2%80%99Architecture_Polychrome_chez_les_Grecs%2C_published_in_1851.jpg/325px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ch%C3%A9neau_en_pierre_et_ornements_en_terre_cuite_de_la_Sicile_et_de_M%C3%A9taponte._Restaurations_partielles_du_temple_de_Th%C3%A9s%C3%A9e_%C3%A0_Ath%C3%A8nes%2C_et_de_celui_de_N%C3%A8m%C3%A8sis_%C3%A0_Rhamnus._Page_of_L%E2%80%99Architecture_Polychrome_chez_les_Grecs%2C_published_in_1851.jpg/434px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1447" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">19th century illustration of multiple <a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">polychrome</a> elements of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Ancient Greek architecture</a>, including an Ionic capital in the top left, by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ignace_Hittorff" title="Jacques Ignace Hittorff">Jacques Ignace Hittorff</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphix_of_the_Naxians,_570-560_BC,_AM_of_Delphi,_201316.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Greek Archaic Ionic capital of the Sphinx of Naxos, c.560 BC, Naxian marble, Delphi Archaeological Museum, Delphi, Greece[17]"><img alt="Ancient Greek Archaic Ionic capital of the Sphinx of Naxos, c.560 BC, Naxian marble, Delphi Archaeological Museum, Delphi, Greece[17]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Sphix_of_the_Naxians%2C_570-560_BC%2C_AM_of_Delphi%2C_201316.jpg/451px-Sphix_of_the_Naxians%2C_570-560_BC%2C_AM_of_Delphi%2C_201316.jpg" decoding="async" width="301" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Sphix_of_the_Naxians%2C_570-560_BC%2C_AM_of_Delphi%2C_201316.jpg/677px-Sphix_of_the_Naxians%2C_570-560_BC%2C_AM_of_Delphi%2C_201316.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Sphix_of_the_Naxians%2C_570-560_BC%2C_AM_of_Delphi%2C_201316.jpg/902px-Sphix_of_the_Naxians%2C_570-560_BC%2C_AM_of_Delphi%2C_201316.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5732" data-file-height="3814" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_Sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek Sculpture">Archaic</a> Ionic capital of the <a href="/wiki/Sphinx_of_Naxos" title="Sphinx of Naxos">Sphinx of Naxos</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>560 BC, <a href="/wiki/Naxian_marble" title="Naxian marble">Naxian marble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delphi_Archaeological_Museum" title="Delphi Archaeological Museum">Delphi Archaeological Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a>, Greece<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fig_1_The_capital_and_base_of_the_columns,_together_with_the_entablature_Fig_2_A_section_of_one_quarter_of_the_column,_t_-_Stuart_James_%26_Revett_Nicholas_-_1762.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Greek Ionic order of the Temple of Artemis Agrotera, Athens, c.440 BC-destroyed in 1778"><img alt="Ancient Greek Ionic order of the Temple of Artemis Agrotera, Athens, c.440 BC-destroyed in 1778" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Fig_1_The_capital_and_base_of_the_columns%2C_together_with_the_entablature_Fig_2_A_section_of_one_quarter_of_the_column%2C_t_-_Stuart_James_%26_Revett_Nicholas_-_1762.jpg/198px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Fig_1_The_capital_and_base_of_the_columns%2C_together_with_the_entablature_Fig_2_A_section_of_one_quarter_of_the_column%2C_t_-_Stuart_James_%26_Revett_Nicholas_-_1762.jpg/297px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Fig_1_The_capital_and_base_of_the_columns%2C_together_with_the_entablature_Fig_2_A_section_of_one_quarter_of_the_column%2C_t_-_Stuart_James_%26_Revett_Nicholas_-_1762.jpg/397px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ancient Greek Ionic order of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_of_Artemis_Agrotera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temple of Artemis Agrotera (page does not exist)">Temple of Artemis Agrotera</a>, Athens, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>440 BC-destroyed in 1778</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Templeofapolloepikouriosbassae.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Greek Ionic columns in the Temple of Apollo at Bassae, Bassae, Greece, illustration by Charles Robert Cockerell, unknown architect, c.429-400 BC[18]"><img alt="Ancient Greek Ionic columns in the Temple of Apollo at Bassae, Bassae, Greece, illustration by Charles Robert Cockerell, unknown architect, c.429-400 BC[18]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Templeofapolloepikouriosbassae.jpg/227px-Templeofapolloepikouriosbassae.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Templeofapolloepikouriosbassae.jpg/341px-Templeofapolloepikouriosbassae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Templeofapolloepikouriosbassae.jpg/454px-Templeofapolloepikouriosbassae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ancient Greek Ionic columns in the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Apollo_at_Bassae" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple of Apollo at Bassae">Temple of Apollo at Bassae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bassae" title="Bassae">Bassae</a>, Greece, illustration by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robert_Cockerell" title="Charles Robert Cockerell">Charles Robert Cockerell</a>, unknown architect, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>429-400 BC<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 284.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 282.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ARCHITECTURE_ORDERS_Greeks_Etruscan_Roman_(Doric_Ionic_Corinthian_Tuscan_Composite)_by_Paolo_Villa_ENG_edition.pdf" class="mw-file-description" title="Compared Ionic order with Doric, Tuscan, Corinthian and Composite orders; with stereobate"><img alt="Compared Ionic order with Doric, Tuscan, Corinthian and Composite orders; with stereobate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ARCHITECTURE_ORDERS_Greeks_Etruscan_Roman_%28Doric_Ionic_Corinthian_Tuscan_Composite%29_by_Paolo_Villa_ENG_edition.pdf/page1-424px-ARCHITECTURE_ORDERS_Greeks_Etruscan_Roman_%28Doric_Ionic_Corinthian_Tuscan_Composite%29_by_Paolo_Villa_ENG_edition.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ARCHITECTURE_ORDERS_Greeks_Etruscan_Roman_%28Doric_Ionic_Corinthian_Tuscan_Composite%29_by_Paolo_Villa_ENG_edition.pdf/page1-637px-ARCHITECTURE_ORDERS_Greeks_Etruscan_Roman_%28Doric_Ionic_Corinthian_Tuscan_Composite%29_by_Paolo_Villa_ENG_edition.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ARCHITECTURE_ORDERS_Greeks_Etruscan_Roman_%28Doric_Ionic_Corinthian_Tuscan_Composite%29_by_Paolo_Villa_ENG_edition.pdf/page1-849px-ARCHITECTURE_ORDERS_Greeks_Etruscan_Roman_%28Doric_Ionic_Corinthian_Tuscan_Composite%29_by_Paolo_Villa_ENG_edition.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7020" data-file-height="4964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Compared <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ionic order</a> with <a href="/wiki/Doric_order" title="Doric order">Doric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_order" title="Tuscan order">Tuscan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Composite_order" title="Composite order">Composite</a> orders; with <a href="/wiki/Stylobate" title="Stylobate">stereobate</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 271.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 269.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erechtheion_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Greek Ionic columns of the Erechtheion, Athens, Greece, with parallel volutes, unknown architect, 421-405 BC[19]"><img alt="Ancient Greek Ionic columns of the Erechtheion, Athens, Greece, with parallel volutes, unknown architect, 421-405 BC[19]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Erechtheion_Temple.jpg/404px-Erechtheion_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Erechtheion_Temple.jpg/605px-Erechtheion_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Erechtheion_Temple.jpg/807px-Erechtheion_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1666" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ancient Greek Ionic columns of the <a href="/wiki/Erechtheion" title="Erechtheion">Erechtheion</a>, Athens, Greece, with parallel volutes, unknown architect, 421-405 BC<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:29._Detail._The_facade_of_the_rock-cut_tombs_of_Qizqapan,_Sulaymaniyah_Governorate,_Iraqi_Kurdistan._Probably_Achaemenid_(6th-5th_century_BCE)_rather_than_Median.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Near Eastern Ionic columns of a rock-cut tomb at Qyzqapan, Iraq, unknown architect, 5th-4th centuries BC[20]"><img alt="Ancient Near Eastern Ionic columns of a rock-cut tomb at Qyzqapan, Iraq, unknown architect, 5th-4th centuries BC[20]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/29._Detail._The_facade_of_the_rock-cut_tombs_of_Qizqapan%2C_Sulaymaniyah_Governorate%2C_Iraqi_Kurdistan._Probably_Achaemenid_%286th-5th_century_BCE%29_rather_than_Median.jpg/199px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/29._Detail._The_facade_of_the_rock-cut_tombs_of_Qizqapan%2C_Sulaymaniyah_Governorate%2C_Iraqi_Kurdistan._Probably_Achaemenid_%286th-5th_century_BCE%29_rather_than_Median.jpg/299px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/29._Detail._The_facade_of_the_rock-cut_tombs_of_Qizqapan%2C_Sulaymaniyah_Governorate%2C_Iraqi_Kurdistan._Probably_Achaemenid_%286th-5th_century_BCE%29_rather_than_Median.jpg/398px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near Eastern</a> Ionic columns of a <a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_architecture" title="Rock-cut architecture">rock-cut</a> tomb at <a href="/wiki/Qyzqapan" title="Qyzqapan">Qyzqapan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, unknown architect, 5th-4th centuries BC<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Details_van_de_Tempel_van_Portunus_te_Rome_Dimostrazione_in_grande_delle_parti_del_tempio_della_Fortuna_Virile_(titel_op_object)_Archeologische_vondsten_in_en_rond_Rome_(serietitel)_Le_Antichit%C3%A0_Romane_(serietitel),_RP-P-OB-36.889.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman Ionic corner capital from the Temple of Portunus, Rome, with two sides with volutes, and one for the corner of the facade projecting at a 45° angle, unknown architect, early 4th century BC"><img alt="Roman Ionic corner capital from the Temple of Portunus, Rome, with two sides with volutes, and one for the corner of the facade projecting at a 45° angle, unknown architect, early 4th century BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Details_van_de_Tempel_van_Portunus_te_Rome_Dimostrazione_in_grande_delle_parti_del_tempio_della_Fortuna_Virile_%28titel_op_object%29_Archeologische_vondsten_in_en_rond_Rome_%28serietitel%29_Le_Antichit%C3%A0_Romane_%28serietitel%29%2C_RP-P-OB-36.889.jpg/227px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Details_van_de_Tempel_van_Portunus_te_Rome_Dimostrazione_in_grande_delle_parti_del_tempio_della_Fortuna_Virile_%28titel_op_object%29_Archeologische_vondsten_in_en_rond_Rome_%28serietitel%29_Le_Antichit%C3%A0_Romane_%28serietitel%29%2C_RP-P-OB-36.889.jpg/341px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Details_van_de_Tempel_van_Portunus_te_Rome_Dimostrazione_in_grande_delle_parti_del_tempio_della_Fortuna_Virile_%28titel_op_object%29_Archeologische_vondsten_in_en_rond_Rome_%28serietitel%29_Le_Antichit%C3%A0_Romane_%28serietitel%29%2C_RP-P-OB-36.889.jpg/454px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5506" data-file-height="7272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_architecture" title="Ancient Roman architecture">Roman</a> Ionic corner capital from the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Portunus" title="Temple of Portunus">Temple of Portunus</a>, Rome, with two sides with volutes, and one for the corner of the facade projecting at a 45° angle, unknown architect, early 4th century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 304.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 302.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Oval_Plaza,_built_in_the_beginning_of_the_2nd_century_AD_to_connect_the_Cardo_with_the_Sanctuary_of_Zeus,_Gerasa,_Jordan_(33601218974).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman Ionic columns of a colonnade of the oval plaza in Jerash, Jordan, unknown architect, 2nd-3rd centuries AD[21]"><img alt="Roman Ionic columns of a colonnade of the oval plaza in Jerash, Jordan, unknown architect, 2nd-3rd centuries AD[21]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_Oval_Plaza%2C_built_in_the_beginning_of_the_2nd_century_AD_to_connect_the_Cardo_with_the_Sanctuary_of_Zeus%2C_Gerasa%2C_Jordan_%2833601218974%29.jpg/454px-The_Oval_Plaza%2C_built_in_the_beginning_of_the_2nd_century_AD_to_connect_the_Cardo_with_the_Sanctuary_of_Zeus%2C_Gerasa%2C_Jordan_%2833601218974%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="303" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_Oval_Plaza%2C_built_in_the_beginning_of_the_2nd_century_AD_to_connect_the_Cardo_with_the_Sanctuary_of_Zeus%2C_Gerasa%2C_Jordan_%2833601218974%29.jpg/680px-The_Oval_Plaza%2C_built_in_the_beginning_of_the_2nd_century_AD_to_connect_the_Cardo_with_the_Sanctuary_of_Zeus%2C_Gerasa%2C_Jordan_%2833601218974%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/The_Oval_Plaza%2C_built_in_the_beginning_of_the_2nd_century_AD_to_connect_the_Cardo_with_the_Sanctuary_of_Zeus%2C_Gerasa%2C_Jordan_%2833601218974%29.jpg/907px-The_Oval_Plaza%2C_built_in_the_beginning_of_the_2nd_century_AD_to_connect_the_Cardo_with_the_Sanctuary_of_Zeus%2C_Gerasa%2C_Jordan_%2833601218974%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3428" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roman Ionic columns of a <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnade</a> of the oval plaza in <a href="/wiki/Jerash" title="Jerash">Jerash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, unknown architect, 2nd-3rd centuries AD<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Forum_Temple_of_Saturn.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman Ionic columns of the Temple of Saturn, Rome, with diagonal volutes, unknown architect, 3rd of 4th centuries[22]"><img alt="Roman Ionic columns of the Temple of Saturn, Rome, with diagonal volutes, unknown architect, 3rd of 4th centuries[22]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Roman_Forum_Temple_of_Saturn.jpg/450px-Roman_Forum_Temple_of_Saturn.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Roman_Forum_Temple_of_Saturn.jpg/675px-Roman_Forum_Temple_of_Saturn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Roman_Forum_Temple_of_Saturn.jpg/900px-Roman_Forum_Temple_of_Saturn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5313" data-file-height="3542" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roman Ionic columns of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Saturn" title="Temple of Saturn">Temple of Saturn</a>, Rome, with diagonal volutes, unknown architect, 3rd of 4th centuries<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopkins201414_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopkins201414-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hagia_Sophia_(15468276434).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Byzantine Ionic capital in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, by Anthemius of Tralles or Isidore of Miletus, 6th century[23]"><img alt="Byzantine Ionic capital in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey, by Anthemius of Tralles or Isidore of Miletus, 6th century[23]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hagia_Sophia_%2815468276434%29.jpg/400px-Hagia_Sophia_%2815468276434%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hagia_Sophia_%2815468276434%29.jpg/600px-Hagia_Sophia_%2815468276434%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Hagia_Sophia_%2815468276434%29.jpg/800px-Hagia_Sophia_%2815468276434%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine</a> Ionic capital in the <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Anthemius_of_Tralles" title="Anthemius of Tralles">Anthemius of Tralles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Miletus" title="Isidore of Miletus">Isidore of Miletus</a>, 6th century<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodge201962_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodge201962-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:07-Villa-Rotonda-Palladio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Renaissance Ionic columns of the Villa La Rotonda, outside Vicenza, Italy, by Andrea Palladio, 1567-1605"><img alt="Renaissance Ionic columns of the Villa La Rotonda, outside Vicenza, Italy, by Andrea Palladio, 1567-1605" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/07-Villa-Rotonda-Palladio.jpg/450px-07-Villa-Rotonda-Palladio.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/07-Villa-Rotonda-Palladio.jpg/675px-07-Villa-Rotonda-Palladio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/07-Villa-Rotonda-Palladio.jpg/900px-07-Villa-Rotonda-Palladio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a> Ionic columns of the <a href="/wiki/Villa_La_Rotonda" title="Villa La Rotonda">Villa La Rotonda</a>, outside <a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a>, Italy, by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Palladio" title="Andrea Palladio">Andrea Palladio</a>, 1567-1605</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_Luca_e_Martina_33.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Baroque Ionic columns in the Santi Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, 1634-1669[24]"><img alt="Baroque Ionic columns in the Santi Luca e Martina, Rome, by Pietro da Cortona, 1634-1669[24]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Interior_Luca_e_Martina_33.JPG/200px-Interior_Luca_e_Martina_33.JPG" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Interior_Luca_e_Martina_33.JPG/300px-Interior_Luca_e_Martina_33.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Interior_Luca_e_Martina_33.JPG/400px-Interior_Luca_e_Martina_33.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> Ionic columns in the <a href="/wiki/Santi_Luca_e_Martina" title="Santi Luca e Martina">Santi Luca e Martina</a>, Rome, by <a href="/wiki/Pietro_da_Cortona" title="Pietro da Cortona">Pietro da Cortona</a>, 1634-1669<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_Escultura._Palacio_de_Versalles_P41.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baroque Ionic columns on the garden façade of the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, 1678–1688[25]"><img alt="Baroque Ionic columns on the garden façade of the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, 1678–1688[25]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2017_Escultura._Palacio_de_Versalles_P41.jpg/200px-2017_Escultura._Palacio_de_Versalles_P41.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2017_Escultura._Palacio_de_Versalles_P41.jpg/300px-2017_Escultura._Palacio_de_Versalles_P41.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/2017_Escultura._Palacio_de_Versalles_P41.jpg/400px-2017_Escultura._Palacio_de_Versalles_P41.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2761" data-file-height="4141" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baroque Ionic columns on the garden façade of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles">Versailles</a>, France, by <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hardouin-Mansart" title="Jules Hardouin-Mansart">Jules Hardouin-Mansart</a>, 1678–1688<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coupe_en_jade_(Louvre,_MR_465).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baroque Ionic capital at the top of the base of a cup, by Michel Debourg, 1686-1687, jade and gilded silver, Louvre[26]"><img alt="Baroque Ionic capital at the top of the base of a cup, by Michel Debourg, 1686-1687, jade and gilded silver, Louvre[26]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coupe_en_jade_%28Louvre%2C_MR_465%29.jpg/400px-Coupe_en_jade_%28Louvre%2C_MR_465%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coupe_en_jade_%28Louvre%2C_MR_465%29.jpg/600px-Coupe_en_jade_%28Louvre%2C_MR_465%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Coupe_en_jade_%28Louvre%2C_MR_465%29.jpg/800px-Coupe_en_jade_%28Louvre%2C_MR_465%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> Ionic capital at the top of the base of a cup, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Debourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Debourg (page does not exist)">Michel Debourg</a>, 1686-1687, jade and gilded silver, Louvre<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_de_San_Carlos_Borromeo,_Viena,_Austria,_2020-01-31,_DD_52-54_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baroque Ionic columns in the Karlskirche, Vienna, Austria, 1715–1737, by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach[27]"><img alt="Baroque Ionic columns in the Karlskirche, Vienna, Austria, 1715–1737, by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach[27]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Iglesia_de_San_Carlos_Borromeo%2C_Viena%2C_Austria%2C_2020-01-31%2C_DD_52-54_HDR.jpg/363px-Iglesia_de_San_Carlos_Borromeo%2C_Viena%2C_Austria%2C_2020-01-31%2C_DD_52-54_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Iglesia_de_San_Carlos_Borromeo%2C_Viena%2C_Austria%2C_2020-01-31%2C_DD_52-54_HDR.jpg/544px-Iglesia_de_San_Carlos_Borromeo%2C_Viena%2C_Austria%2C_2020-01-31%2C_DD_52-54_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Iglesia_de_San_Carlos_Borromeo%2C_Viena%2C_Austria%2C_2020-01-31%2C_DD_52-54_HDR.jpg/726px-Iglesia_de_San_Carlos_Borromeo%2C_Viena%2C_Austria%2C_2020-01-31%2C_DD_52-54_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5611" data-file-height="4641" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baroque Ionic columns in the <a href="/wiki/Karlskirche" title="Karlskirche">Karlskirche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, 1715–1737, by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Bernhard_Fischer_von_Erlach" title="Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach">Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2014230_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2014230-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010.05.13.173929_Iglesia_San_Francisco_Antigua_Guatemala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baroque Solomonic Ionic columns of the Monastery of San Francisco, Antigua, Guatemala, unknown architect, early 17th century[28]"><img alt="Baroque Solomonic Ionic columns of the Monastery of San Francisco, Antigua, Guatemala, unknown architect, early 17th century[28]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2010.05.13.173929_Iglesia_San_Francisco_Antigua_Guatemala.jpg/450px-2010.05.13.173929_Iglesia_San_Francisco_Antigua_Guatemala.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2010.05.13.173929_Iglesia_San_Francisco_Antigua_Guatemala.jpg/675px-2010.05.13.173929_Iglesia_San_Francisco_Antigua_Guatemala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2010.05.13.173929_Iglesia_San_Francisco_Antigua_Guatemala.jpg/900px-2010.05.13.173929_Iglesia_San_Francisco_Antigua_Guatemala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baroque <a href="/wiki/Solomonic_column" title="Solomonic column">Solomonic</a> Ionic columns of the <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_de_San_Francisco,_Antigua_Guatemala" title="Iglesia de San Francisco, Antigua Guatemala">Monastery of San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, unknown architect, early 17th century<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lille_PdBA_raoux_vierges_modernes.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rococo Ionic columns in Vierges modernes, painted by Jean Raoux, 1728, oil on canvas, Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille, Lille, France"><img alt="Rococo Ionic columns in Vierges modernes, painted by Jean Raoux, 1728, oil on canvas, Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille, Lille, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Lille_PdBA_raoux_vierges_modernes.JPG/244px-Lille_PdBA_raoux_vierges_modernes.JPG" decoding="async" width="163" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Lille_PdBA_raoux_vierges_modernes.JPG/366px-Lille_PdBA_raoux_vierges_modernes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Lille_PdBA_raoux_vierges_modernes.JPG/488px-Lille_PdBA_raoux_vierges_modernes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="2232" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> Ionic columns in <i>Vierges modernes</i>, painted by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Raoux" title="Jean Raoux">Jean Raoux</a>, 1728, oil on canvas, <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Lille" title="Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille">Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20230209_Amalienburg_Nymphenburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rococo Ionic pilasters on the facade of the Amalienburg, Nymphenburg Palace Park, Munich, Germany, by François de Cuvilliés, 1734-1739[29]"><img alt="Rococo Ionic pilasters on the facade of the Amalienburg, Nymphenburg Palace Park, Munich, Germany, by François de Cuvilliés, 1734-1739[29]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/20230209_Amalienburg_Nymphenburg.jpg/450px-20230209_Amalienburg_Nymphenburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/20230209_Amalienburg_Nymphenburg.jpg/674px-20230209_Amalienburg_Nymphenburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/20230209_Amalienburg_Nymphenburg.jpg/899px-20230209_Amalienburg_Nymphenburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4762" data-file-height="3179" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rococo Ionic pilasters on the facade of the <a href="/wiki/Amalienburg" title="Amalienburg">Amalienburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nymphenburg_Palace_Park" title="Nymphenburg Palace Park">Nymphenburg Palace Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany, by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Cuvilli%C3%A9s" title="François de Cuvilliés">François de Cuvilliés</a>, 1734-1739<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodge201995_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodge201995-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89glise_Saint-Jacques_de_Tarascon_45.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rococo pilasters on the facade of the Église Saint-Jacques de Tarascon, Tarascon, France, by Jean-Baptiste Franque and Antoine Damour, 2nd half of the 18th century[30]"><img alt="Rococo pilasters on the facade of the Église Saint-Jacques de Tarascon, Tarascon, France, by Jean-Baptiste Franque and Antoine Damour, 2nd half of the 18th century[30]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%C3%89glise_Saint-Jacques_de_Tarascon_45.jpg/400px-%C3%89glise_Saint-Jacques_de_Tarascon_45.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%C3%89glise_Saint-Jacques_de_Tarascon_45.jpg/600px-%C3%89glise_Saint-Jacques_de_Tarascon_45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%C3%89glise_Saint-Jacques_de_Tarascon_45.jpg/800px-%C3%89glise_Saint-Jacques_de_Tarascon_45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="2288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rococo pilasters on the facade of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Jacques_de_Tarascon" title="Église Saint-Jacques de Tarascon">Église Saint-Jacques de Tarascon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarascon" title="Tarascon">Tarascon</a>, France, by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Franque" title="Jean-Baptiste Franque">Jean-Baptiste Franque</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Damour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Damour (page does not exist)">Antoine Damour</a>, 2nd half of the 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syon_House_(33315382913).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neoclassical Ionic columns at Syon House, London, by Robert Adam, c.1761-1765[31]"><img alt="Neoclassical Ionic columns at Syon House, London, by Robert Adam, c.1761-1765[31]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Syon_House_%2833315382913%29.jpg/200px-Syon_House_%2833315382913%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Syon_House_%2833315382913%29.jpg/300px-Syon_House_%2833315382913%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Syon_House_%2833315382913%29.jpg/400px-Syon_House_%2833315382913%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3530" data-file-height="5295" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a> Ionic columns at <a href="/wiki/Syon_House" title="Syon House">Syon House</a>, London, by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Adam" title="Robert Adam">Robert Adam</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1761-1765<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P1030075_(5015797888).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis XVI style caryatids with Ionic capitals on their heads, on a jewelry locket of Marie-Antoinette, by Ferdinand Schwerdfeger, 1787, mahogany, mother-of-pearl inlays, paintings under glass, porcelain plate, and gilded bronzes, Chambre de la Reine, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France[32]"><img alt="Louis XVI style caryatids with Ionic capitals on their heads, on a jewelry locket of Marie-Antoinette, by Ferdinand Schwerdfeger, 1787, mahogany, mother-of-pearl inlays, paintings under glass, porcelain plate, and gilded bronzes, Chambre de la Reine, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France[32]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/P1030075_%285015797888%29.jpg/400px-P1030075_%285015797888%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/P1030075_%285015797888%29.jpg/600px-P1030075_%285015797888%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/P1030075_%285015797888%29.jpg/800px-P1030075_%285015797888%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a> caryatids with Ionic capitals on their heads, on a jewelry locket of <a href="/wiki/Marie-Antoinette" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Antoinette">Marie-Antoinette</a>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Schwerdfeger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Schwerdfeger (page does not exist)">Ferdinand Schwerdfeger</a>, 1787, mahogany, <a href="/wiki/Mother-of-pearl" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother-of-pearl">mother-of-pearl</a> inlays, paintings under glass, porcelain plate, and gilded bronzes, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chambre_de_la_Reine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chambre de la Reine (page does not exist)">Chambre de la Reine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles">Versailles</a>, France<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 104.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 102.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_museum_of_art_(19593102431)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greek Revival Ionic columns of the Branch Bank of the United States, now in the Charles Engelhard Court of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, inspired by those of the Temple of Artemis Agrotera in Athens, by Martin E. Thompson, 1824"><img alt="Greek Revival Ionic columns of the Branch Bank of the United States, now in the Charles Engelhard Court of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, inspired by those of the Temple of Artemis Agrotera in Athens, by Martin E. Thompson, 1824" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Metropolitan_museum_of_art_%2819593102431%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/154px-Metropolitan_museum_of_art_%2819593102431%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Metropolitan_museum_of_art_%2819593102431%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/231px-Metropolitan_museum_of_art_%2819593102431%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Metropolitan_museum_of_art_%2819593102431%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/308px-Metropolitan_museum_of_art_%2819593102431%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="2060" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a> Ionic columns of the Branch Bank of the United States, now in the Charles Engelhard Court of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, New York City, inspired by those of the Temple of Artemis Agrotera in Athens, by <a href="/wiki/Martin_E._Thompson" title="Martin E. Thompson">Martin E. Thompson</a>, 1824</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P1090550_Paris_V_fontaine_Cuvier_rwk.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Neoclassical reinterpetation of the Ionic order, with acanthuses just above the base and ram horn-shaped volutes, of the Fontaine Cuvier, Paris, designed by Alphonse Vigoureux and sculpted by Jean-Jacques Feuchère and Pierre-Jules Pomateau, 1840-1846"><img alt="Neoclassical reinterpetation of the Ionic order, with acanthuses just above the base and ram horn-shaped volutes, of the Fontaine Cuvier, Paris, designed by Alphonse Vigoureux and sculpted by Jean-Jacques Feuchère and Pierre-Jules Pomateau, 1840-1846" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/P1090550_Paris_V_fontaine_Cuvier_rwk.JPG/234px-P1090550_Paris_V_fontaine_Cuvier_rwk.JPG" decoding="async" width="156" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/P1090550_Paris_V_fontaine_Cuvier_rwk.JPG/351px-P1090550_Paris_V_fontaine_Cuvier_rwk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/P1090550_Paris_V_fontaine_Cuvier_rwk.JPG/468px-P1090550_Paris_V_fontaine_Cuvier_rwk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1716" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neoclassical reinterpetation of the Ionic order, with <a href="/wiki/Acanthus_(ornament)" title="Acanthus (ornament)">acanthuses</a> just above the base and ram horn-shaped volutes, of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fontaine_Cuvier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fontaine Cuvier (page does not exist)">Fontaine Cuvier</a>, Paris, designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alphonse_Vigoureux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alphonse Vigoureux (page does not exist)">Alphonse Vigoureux</a> and sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Feuch%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Jacques Feuchère">Jean-Jacques Feuchère</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Jules_Pomateau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Jules Pomateau (page does not exist)">Pierre-Jules Pomateau</a>, 1840-1846</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akademie_von_Athen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Greek Revival Ionic columns of the main building of the Academy of Athens, inspired by those of the Erechtheum in Athens, by Theophilus Hansen, 1859-1885"><img alt="Greek Revival Ionic columns of the main building of the Academy of Athens, inspired by those of the Erechtheum in Athens, by Theophilus Hansen, 1859-1885" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Akademie_von_Athen.jpg/348px-Akademie_von_Athen.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Akademie_von_Athen.jpg/522px-Akademie_von_Athen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Akademie_von_Athen.jpg/696px-Akademie_von_Athen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11314" data-file-height="9749" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Greek Revival Ionic columns of the main building of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Academy of Athens</a>, inspired by those of the Erechtheum in Athens, by <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Hansen" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophilus Hansen">Theophilus Hansen</a>, 1859-1885</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_hall_of_Paris_Ier_arrondissement_2,_Paris_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neoclassical Ionic columns of the Town Hall of the 1st arrondissement of Paris, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff, 1858-1860"><img alt="Neoclassical Ionic columns of the Town Hall of the 1st arrondissement of Paris, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff, 1858-1860" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Town_hall_of_Paris_Ier_arrondissement_2%2C_Paris_2010.jpg/450px-Town_hall_of_Paris_Ier_arrondissement_2%2C_Paris_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Town_hall_of_Paris_Ier_arrondissement_2%2C_Paris_2010.jpg/675px-Town_hall_of_Paris_Ier_arrondissement_2%2C_Paris_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Town_hall_of_Paris_Ier_arrondissement_2%2C_Paris_2010.jpg/900px-Town_hall_of_Paris_Ier_arrondissement_2%2C_Paris_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neoclassical Ionic columns of the Town Hall of the <a href="/wiki/1st_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="1st arrondissement of Paris">1st arrondissement of Paris</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ignace_Hittorff" title="Jacques Ignace Hittorff">Jacques Ignace Hittorff</a>, 1858-1860</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Villa_eilenroc_cap_antibes_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neoclassical Ionic capital with a festoon between its volutes, part of the entrance portico of the Villa Eilenroc, Antibes, France, by Charles Garnier, 1860-1867"><img alt="Neoclassical Ionic capital with a festoon between its volutes, part of the entrance portico of the Villa Eilenroc, Antibes, France, by Charles Garnier, 1860-1867" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Villa_eilenroc_cap_antibes_26.jpg/225px-Villa_eilenroc_cap_antibes_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Villa_eilenroc_cap_antibes_26.jpg/337px-Villa_eilenroc_cap_antibes_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Villa_eilenroc_cap_antibes_26.jpg/450px-Villa_eilenroc_cap_antibes_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neoclassical Ionic capital with a <a href="/wiki/Festoon" title="Festoon">festoon</a> between its <a href="/wiki/Volute" title="Volute">volutes</a>, part of the entrance portico of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Eilenroc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Eilenroc (page does not exist)">Villa Eilenroc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antibes" title="Antibes">Antibes</a>, France, by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Garnier_(architect)" title="Charles Garnier (architect)">Charles Garnier</a>, 1860-1867</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Facade_of_Gare_de_Paris-Nord,_Paris_10_April_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neoclassical Ionic pilasters on the façade of the Gare du Nord, Paris, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff, 1861-1865[33]"><img alt="Neoclassical Ionic pilasters on the façade of the Gare du Nord, Paris, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff, 1861-1865[33]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Facade_of_Gare_de_Paris-Nord%2C_Paris_10_April_2017.jpg/450px-Facade_of_Gare_de_Paris-Nord%2C_Paris_10_April_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Facade_of_Gare_de_Paris-Nord%2C_Paris_10_April_2017.jpg/675px-Facade_of_Gare_de_Paris-Nord%2C_Paris_10_April_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Facade_of_Gare_de_Paris-Nord%2C_Paris_10_April_2017.jpg/900px-Facade_of_Gare_de_Paris-Nord%2C_Paris_10_April_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neoclassical Ionic pilasters on the façade of the <a href="/wiki/Gare_du_Nord" title="Gare du Nord">Gare du Nord</a>, Paris, by Jacques Ignace Hittorff, 1861-1865<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petit_Palais,_Paris_8th_004.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Beaux Arts Ionic columns of the Petit Palais, Paris, by Charles Giraud, 1900[34]"><img alt="Beaux Arts Ionic columns of the Petit Palais, Paris, by Charles Giraud, 1900[34]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Petit_Palais%2C_Paris_8th_004.JPG/195px-Petit_Palais%2C_Paris_8th_004.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Petit_Palais%2C_Paris_8th_004.JPG/293px-Petit_Palais%2C_Paris_8th_004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Petit_Palais%2C_Paris_8th_004.JPG/391px-Petit_Palais%2C_Paris_8th_004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2062" data-file-height="3162" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beaux Arts Ionic columns of the <a href="/wiki/Petit_Palais" title="Petit Palais">Petit Palais</a>, Paris, by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Giraud" title="Charles Giraud">Charles Giraud</a>, 1900<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2014294_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2014294-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Immeuble_art_nouveau_de_France-Lanord_(Nancy)_(4244309566).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Art Nouveau railing with highly stylized reinterpretations of the Ionic column as balusters, on the France-Lanord Building (Avenue Foch no. 71), Nancy, France, by Émile André, 1904[35]"><img alt="Art Nouveau railing with highly stylized reinterpretations of the Ionic column as balusters, on the France-Lanord Building (Avenue Foch no. 71), Nancy, France, by Émile André, 1904[35]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Immeuble_art_nouveau_de_France-Lanord_%28Nancy%29_%284244309566%29.jpg/450px-Immeuble_art_nouveau_de_France-Lanord_%28Nancy%29_%284244309566%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Immeuble_art_nouveau_de_France-Lanord_%28Nancy%29_%284244309566%29.jpg/675px-Immeuble_art_nouveau_de_France-Lanord_%28Nancy%29_%284244309566%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Immeuble_art_nouveau_de_France-Lanord_%28Nancy%29_%284244309566%29.jpg/900px-Immeuble_art_nouveau_de_France-Lanord_%28Nancy%29_%284244309566%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> railing with highly stylized reinterpretations of the Ionic column as balusters, on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=France-Lanord_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France-Lanord Building (page does not exist)">France-Lanord Building</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenue_Foch_(Nancy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenue Foch (Nancy) (page does not exist)">Avenue Foch</a> no. 71), <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>, France, by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Andr%C3%A9" title="Émile André">Émile André</a>, 1904<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(Agen)_-_La_Fa%C3%A7ade_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Ducourneau_sur_la_place_du_Docteur_Esquirol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beaux Arts Ionic columns on the facade of the Ducourneau Theater, Agen, France, by Guillaume Tronchet, 1906-1908"><img alt="Beaux Arts Ionic columns on the facade of the Ducourneau Theater, Agen, France, by Guillaume Tronchet, 1906-1908" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%28Agen%29_-_La_Fa%C3%A7ade_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Ducourneau_sur_la_place_du_Docteur_Esquirol.jpg/370px-%28Agen%29_-_La_Fa%C3%A7ade_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Ducourneau_sur_la_place_du_Docteur_Esquirol.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%28Agen%29_-_La_Fa%C3%A7ade_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Ducourneau_sur_la_place_du_Docteur_Esquirol.jpg/556px-%28Agen%29_-_La_Fa%C3%A7ade_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Ducourneau_sur_la_place_du_Docteur_Esquirol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%28Agen%29_-_La_Fa%C3%A7ade_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Ducourneau_sur_la_place_du_Docteur_Esquirol.jpg/741px-%28Agen%29_-_La_Fa%C3%A7ade_du_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Ducourneau_sur_la_place_du_Docteur_Esquirol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6522" data-file-height="5283" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beaux Arts Ionic columns on the facade of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ducourneau_Theater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ducourneau Theater (page does not exist)">Ducourneau Theater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">Agen</a>, France, by <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Tronchet" title="Guillaume Tronchet">Guillaume Tronchet</a>, 1906-1908</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 258.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 256.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_the_restored_Union_Station,_Washington,_D.C_LCCN2011633893.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Polychrome Greek Revival Ionic capitals in the Washington Union Station, Washington, D.C., US, by Daniel Burnham, c.1907"><img alt="Polychrome Greek Revival Ionic capitals in the Washington Union Station, Washington, D.C., US, by Daniel Burnham, c.1907" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Detail_of_the_restored_Union_Station%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011633893.tif/lossy-page1-385px-Detail_of_the_restored_Union_Station%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011633893.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Detail_of_the_restored_Union_Station%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011633893.tif/lossy-page1-577px-Detail_of_the_restored_Union_Station%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011633893.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Detail_of_the_restored_Union_Station%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011633893.tif/lossy-page1-769px-Detail_of_the_restored_Union_Station%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2011633893.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6633" data-file-height="5176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Polychrome <a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a> Ionic capitals in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington Union Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, US, by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Burnham" title="Daniel Burnham">Daniel Burnham</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1907 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:23_Rue_de_la_Paix,_Paris_(07).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beaux Arts Ionic pilasters in the entrance hallway of the Rue de la Paix no. 23, Paris, unknown architect, 1908"><img alt="Beaux Arts Ionic pilasters in the entrance hallway of the Rue de la Paix no. 23, Paris, unknown architect, 1908" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/23_Rue_de_la_Paix%2C_Paris_%2807%29.jpg/358px-23_Rue_de_la_Paix%2C_Paris_%2807%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/23_Rue_de_la_Paix%2C_Paris_%2807%29.jpg/537px-23_Rue_de_la_Paix%2C_Paris_%2807%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/23_Rue_de_la_Paix%2C_Paris_%2807%29.jpg/715px-23_Rue_de_la_Paix%2C_Paris_%2807%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3740" data-file-height="3137" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beaux Arts Ionic pilasters in the entrance hallway of the <a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Paix,_Paris" title="Rue de la Paix, Paris">Rue de la Paix</a> no. 23, Paris, unknown architect, 1908</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatul_Cantacuzino_Flore%C8%99ti_(detaliu_arhitectural).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beaux Arts Ionic columns and pilasters of the Cantacuzino Palace, Florești, Romania, by Ion D. Berindey, 1910-1916"><img alt="Beaux Arts Ionic columns and pilasters of the Cantacuzino Palace, Florești, Romania, by Ion D. Berindey, 1910-1916" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palatul_Cantacuzino_Flore%C8%99ti_%28detaliu_arhitectural%29.jpg/400px-Palatul_Cantacuzino_Flore%C8%99ti_%28detaliu_arhitectural%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palatul_Cantacuzino_Flore%C8%99ti_%28detaliu_arhitectural%29.jpg/600px-Palatul_Cantacuzino_Flore%C8%99ti_%28detaliu_arhitectural%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Palatul_Cantacuzino_Flore%C8%99ti_%28detaliu_arhitectural%29.jpg/800px-Palatul_Cantacuzino_Flore%C8%99ti_%28detaliu_arhitectural%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beaux Arts Ionic columns and pilasters of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantacuzino_Palace_(Flore%C8%99ti)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantacuzino Palace (Florești) (page does not exist)">Cantacuzino Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flore%C8%99ti,_Prahova" title="Florești, Prahova">Florești</a>, Romania, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ion_D._Berindey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ion D. Berindey (page does not exist)">Ion D. Berindey</a>, 1910-1916</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:29_avenue_Bugeaud_Paris.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beaux Arts Ionic pilasters on the facade of the Hôtel Roxoroid de Belfort (Avenue Bugeaud no. 29), Paris, 1911, by André Arfvidson"><img alt="Beaux Arts Ionic pilasters on the facade of the Hôtel Roxoroid de Belfort (Avenue Bugeaud no. 29), Paris, 1911, by André Arfvidson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/29_avenue_Bugeaud_Paris.jpg/225px-29_avenue_Bugeaud_Paris.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/29_avenue_Bugeaud_Paris.jpg/337px-29_avenue_Bugeaud_Paris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/29_avenue_Bugeaud_Paris.jpg/450px-29_avenue_Bugeaud_Paris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3464" data-file-height="4618" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Beaux Arts Ionic pilasters on the facade of the Hôtel Roxoroid de Belfort (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Avenue_Bugeaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avenue Bugeaud (page does not exist)">Avenue Bugeaud</a> no. 29), Paris, 1911, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Arfvidson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Arfvidson (page does not exist)">André Arfvidson</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 292px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 290px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art_-_atrium_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Conspicuous Greek Revival Ionic capital in the New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, US, inspired by those of the Erechtheum in Athens, by Samuel Abraham Marx, 1911"><img alt="Conspicuous Greek Revival Ionic capital in the New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, US, inspired by those of the Erechtheum in Athens, by Samuel Abraham Marx, 1911" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art_-_atrium_4.jpg/435px-New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art_-_atrium_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art_-_atrium_4.jpg/653px-New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art_-_atrium_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art_-_atrium_4.jpg/870px-New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art_-_atrium_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5177" data-file-height="3570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Conspicuous Greek Revival Ionic capital in the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_Museum_of_Art" title="New Orleans Museum of Art">New Orleans Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, US, inspired by those of the Erechtheum in Athens, by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Abraham_Marx" title="Samuel Abraham Marx">Samuel Abraham Marx</a>, 1911</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CH-000957-X-40197_Stuck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neoclassical Ionic columns in a Secessionit poster, by Franz Stuck, 1911, lithograph, Poster Collection of the Basel School of Design, Basel, Switzerland"><img alt="Neoclassical Ionic columns in a Secessionit poster, by Franz Stuck, 1911, lithograph, Poster Collection of the Basel School of Design, Basel, Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/CH-000957-X-40197_Stuck.jpg/226px-CH-000957-X-40197_Stuck.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/CH-000957-X-40197_Stuck.jpg/340px-CH-000957-X-40197_Stuck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/CH-000957-X-40197_Stuck.jpg/453px-CH-000957-X-40197_Stuck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3093" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Neoclassical Ionic columns in a <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Secessionit</a> poster, by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Stuck" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Stuck">Franz Stuck</a>, 1911, <a href="/wiki/Lithograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithograph">lithograph</a>, Poster Collection of the Basel School of Design, <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 151.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 149.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordeaux_quartier_Lescure_maison_art_d%C3%A9co_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Art Deco reinterpretations of the Ionic column and pilaster of an unidentified house in the Quartier Lescure, Bordeaux, France, unknown architect, c.1925"><img alt="Art Deco reinterpretations of the Ionic column and pilaster of an unidentified house in the Quartier Lescure, Bordeaux, France, unknown architect, c.1925" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bordeaux_quartier_Lescure_maison_art_d%C3%A9co_4.JPG/224px-Bordeaux_quartier_Lescure_maison_art_d%C3%A9co_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bordeaux_quartier_Lescure_maison_art_d%C3%A9co_4.JPG/337px-Bordeaux_quartier_Lescure_maison_art_d%C3%A9co_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bordeaux_quartier_Lescure_maison_art_d%C3%A9co_4.JPG/449px-Bordeaux_quartier_Lescure_maison_art_d%C3%A9co_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> reinterpretations of the Ionic column and pilaster of an unidentified house in the Quartier Lescure, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, France, unknown architect, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1925</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elevator_Door,_Lobby,_Severance_Hall,_University_Circle,_Cleveland,_OH.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Art Deco and Neoclassical Ionic pilasters in the Severance Hall, Cleveland, US, by Walker and Weeks, 1931"><img alt="Art Deco and Neoclassical Ionic pilasters in the Severance Hall, Cleveland, US, by Walker and Weeks, 1931" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Elevator_Door%2C_Lobby%2C_Severance_Hall%2C_University_Circle%2C_Cleveland%2C_OH.jpg/225px-Elevator_Door%2C_Lobby%2C_Severance_Hall%2C_University_Circle%2C_Cleveland%2C_OH.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Elevator_Door%2C_Lobby%2C_Severance_Hall%2C_University_Circle%2C_Cleveland%2C_OH.jpg/337px-Elevator_Door%2C_Lobby%2C_Severance_Hall%2C_University_Circle%2C_Cleveland%2C_OH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Elevator_Door%2C_Lobby%2C_Severance_Hall%2C_University_Circle%2C_Cleveland%2C_OH.jpg/450px-Elevator_Door%2C_Lobby%2C_Severance_Hall%2C_University_Circle%2C_Cleveland%2C_OH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2776" data-file-height="3702" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Art Deco and Neoclassical Ionic pilasters in the <a href="/wiki/Severance_Hall" title="Severance Hall">Severance Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, US, by <a href="/wiki/Walker_and_Weeks" title="Walker and Weeks">Walker and Weeks</a>, 1931</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:60-62_%C8%98oseaua_Panduri,_Bucharest_(11).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stalinist Ionic columns of the Colonels' Quarter (Șoseaua Panduri no. 60-62), Bucharest, 1950–1960, by I.Novițchi, C.Ionescu, C.Hacker and A.Șerbescu[36]"><img alt="Stalinist Ionic columns of the Colonels' Quarter (Șoseaua Panduri no. 60-62), Bucharest, 1950–1960, by I.Novițchi, C.Ionescu, C.Hacker and A.Șerbescu[36]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/07/60-62_%C8%98oseaua_Panduri%2C_Bucharest_%2811%29.jpg/349px-60-62_%C8%98oseaua_Panduri%2C_Bucharest_%2811%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="233" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/07/60-62_%C8%98oseaua_Panduri%2C_Bucharest_%2811%29.jpg/524px-60-62_%C8%98oseaua_Panduri%2C_Bucharest_%2811%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/07/60-62_%C8%98oseaua_Panduri%2C_Bucharest_%2811%29.jpg/698px-60-62_%C8%98oseaua_Panduri%2C_Bucharest_%2811%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3595" data-file-height="3089" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist</a> Ionic columns of the Colonels' Quarter (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98oseaua_Panduri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Șoseaua Panduri (page does not exist)">Șoseaua Panduri</a> no. 60-62), Bucharest, 1950–1960, by I.Novițchi, C.Ionescu, C.Hacker and A.Șerbescu<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capitello,_Studio65.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postmodern reinterpretation of the Ionic column as the Capitello seating, designed by Studio 65 and produced by Gufram, differentiated-density polyurethane foam coated with latex rubber, 1972, unknown location[37]"><img alt="Postmodern reinterpretation of the Ionic column as the Capitello seating, designed by Studio 65 and produced by Gufram, differentiated-density polyurethane foam coated with latex rubber, 1972, unknown location[37]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Capitello%2C_Studio65.jpg/400px-Capitello%2C_Studio65.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Capitello%2C_Studio65.jpg/599px-Capitello%2C_Studio65.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Capitello%2C_Studio65.jpg/799px-Capitello%2C_Studio65.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4112" data-file-height="3088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodern</a> reinterpretation of the Ionic column as the Capitello seating, designed by <a href="/wiki/Studio_65" title="Studio 65">Studio 65</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Gufram" title="Gufram">Gufram</a>, differentiated-density <a href="/wiki/Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">polyurethane</a> foam coated with latex rubber, 1972, unknown location<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 223.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_graves_per_swid_powell_design,_vaso,_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postmodern vase inspired by the Ionic capital, designed by Michael Graves for Swid Powell, 1989, glazed porcelain, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, US[38]"><img alt="Postmodern vase inspired by the Ionic capital, designed by Michael Graves for Swid Powell, 1989, glazed porcelain, Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, US[38]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Michael_graves_per_swid_powell_design%2C_vaso%2C_1989.jpg/335px-Michael_graves_per_swid_powell_design%2C_vaso%2C_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Michael_graves_per_swid_powell_design%2C_vaso%2C_1989.jpg/503px-Michael_graves_per_swid_powell_design%2C_vaso%2C_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Michael_graves_per_swid_powell_design%2C_vaso%2C_1989.jpg/671px-Michael_graves_per_swid_powell_design%2C_vaso%2C_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="1403" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postmodern vase inspired by the Ionic capital, designed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Graves" title="Michael Graves">Michael Graves</a> for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swid_Powell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swid Powell (page does not exist)">Swid Powell</a>, 1989, glazed porcelain, <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art" title="Indianapolis Museum of Art">Indianapolis Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>, US<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M2%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB_(%E4%B8%96%E7%94%B0%E8%B0%B7%E5%8C%BA).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postmodern Ionic column of the M2 Building, Tokyo, Japan, by Kengo Kuma, 1991[39]"><img alt="Postmodern Ionic column of the M2 Building, Tokyo, Japan, by Kengo Kuma, 1991[39]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/M2%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB_%28%E4%B8%96%E7%94%B0%E8%B0%B7%E5%8C%BA%29.jpeg/400px-M2%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB_%28%E4%B8%96%E7%94%B0%E8%B0%B7%E5%8C%BA%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/M2%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB_%28%E4%B8%96%E7%94%B0%E8%B0%B7%E5%8C%BA%29.jpeg/600px-M2%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB_%28%E4%B8%96%E7%94%B0%E8%B0%B7%E5%8C%BA%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/M2%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB_%28%E4%B8%96%E7%94%B0%E8%B0%B7%E5%8C%BA%29.jpeg/800px-M2%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB_%28%E4%B8%96%E7%94%B0%E8%B0%B7%E5%8C%BA%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">Postmodern</a> Ionic column of the M2 Building, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Kengo_Kuma" title="Kengo Kuma">Kengo Kuma</a>, 1991<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambridge_-_Gonville_and_Caius_College_-_0903.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New Classical Greek Revival Ionic columns in the Gonville and Caius College Hall, Cambridge, UK, inspired by those from the Temple of Apollo at Bassaem by John Simpson, 1998"><img alt="New Classical Greek Revival Ionic columns in the Gonville and Caius College Hall, Cambridge, UK, inspired by those from the Temple of Apollo at Bassaem by John Simpson, 1998" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cambridge_-_Gonville_and_Caius_College_-_0903.jpg/450px-Cambridge_-_Gonville_and_Caius_College_-_0903.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cambridge_-_Gonville_and_Caius_College_-_0903.jpg/675px-Cambridge_-_Gonville_and_Caius_College_-_0903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Cambridge_-_Gonville_and_Caius_College_-_0903.jpg/900px-Cambridge_-_Gonville_and_Caius_College_-_0903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/New_Classical_architecture" title="New Classical architecture">New Classical</a> Greek Revival Ionic columns in the <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College</a> Hall, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, UK, inspired by those from the Temple of Apollo at Bassaem by <a href="/wiki/John_Simpson_(architect)" title="John Simpson (architect)">John Simpson</a>, 1998</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacksonville_Public_(Main)_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postmodern reinterpretations of Ionic columns of the Jacksonville Public Library, Jacksonville, US, by Robert A. M. Stern, 2005"><img alt="Postmodern reinterpretations of Ionic columns of the Jacksonville Public Library, Jacksonville, US, by Robert A. M. Stern, 2005" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Jacksonville_Public_%28Main%29_Library.jpg/300px-Jacksonville_Public_%28Main%29_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Jacksonville_Public_%28Main%29_Library.jpg/450px-Jacksonville_Public_%28Main%29_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Jacksonville_Public_%28Main%29_Library.jpg/600px-Jacksonville_Public_%28Main%29_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postmodern reinterpretations of Ionic columns of the <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville_Public_Library" title="Jacksonville Public Library">Jacksonville Public Library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a>, US, by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._M._Stern" title="Robert A. M. Stern">Robert A. M. Stern</a>, 2005</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionic_order&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_architecture" title="Ancient Greek architecture">Ancient Greek architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolic_order" title="Aeolic order">Aeolic order</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionic_order&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVitruvius" class="citation book cs1">Vitruvius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331204557/http://www.vitruvius.be/boek4h1.htm"><i>De architectura</i></a>. p. 4.1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vitruvius.be/boek4h1.htm">the original</a> on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+architectura&rft.pages=4.1&rft.au=Vitruvius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vitruvius.be%2Fboek4h1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nexusjournal.com/AndGal.html">"Geometric Methods of the 1500s for Laying Out the Ionic Volute"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051228085023/http://www.nexusjournal.com/AndGal.html">Archived</a> 2005-12-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Denise Andrey and Mirko Galli, <i>Nexus Network Journal</i>, vol. 6 no. 2 (Autumn 2004), pp. 31–48. DOI 10.1007/s00004-004-0017-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_la_CroixTanseyKirkpatrick1991" class="citation book cs1">De la Croix, Horst; Tansey, Richard G.; Kirkpatrick, Diane (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00gard/page/170"><i>Gardner's Art Through the Ages</i></a></span> (9th ed.). Thomson/Wadsworth. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gardnersartthrou00gard/page/170">170</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-503769-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-503769-2"><bdi>0-15-503769-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+Through+the+Ages&rft.pages=170&rft.edition=9th&rft.pub=Thomson%2FWadsworth&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-15-503769-2&rft.aulast=De+la+Croix&rft.aufirst=Horst&rft.au=Tansey%2C+Richard+G.&rft.au=Kirkpatrick%2C+Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgardnersartthrou00gard%2Fpage%2F170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A brief and accessible sketch of this familiar aspect of the Greek Revival "idea of primitivism, of searching back to the true, untainted sources of architectural beauty" (p. 38) and of the <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopian</a> aspects of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Nicolas_Ledoux" title="Claude Nicolas Ledoux">Ledoux</a> is briskly treated in Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Summerson" title="John Summerson">John Summerson</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Classical_Language_of_Architecture" title="The Classical Language of Architecture">The Classical Language of Architecture</a></i> (MIT Press) 1963; in discussions of American Greek Revival, the republic connotations of the Greek orders present an inescapable commonplace: "The Greek Revival style arose out of a young nation's desire to identify with the ideals of the ancient Greek Republic." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rchsonline.org/ar_greek2.htm">(Rensselaer County Historical Society) "Architectural Styles in Rensselaer County" (New York</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070923003635/http://www.rchsonline.org/ar_greek2.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>); "Greece, the world's first democracy, seemed an appropriate philosophical reference point for a self-confident new republic." (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oldhousejournal.com/magazine/2003/february/greek_revival.shtml">(Old-House Journal), James C. Massey and Shirley Maxwell, "Greek Revival in America: From Tara to farmhouse temples."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214031111/http://www.oldhousejournal.com/magazine/2003/february/greek_revival.shtml">Archived</a> 2007-12-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) are typical statements, selected almost at random from texts accessible on-line.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heck1856-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heck1856_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohann_Georg_Heck1856" class="citation book cs1">Johann Georg Heck (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WHhJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA25"><i>The Art of Building in Ancient and Modern Times, Or, Architecture Illustrated</i></a>. D. Appleton. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Building+in+Ancient+and+Modern+Times%2C+Or%2C+Architecture+Illustrated&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1856&rft.au=Johann+Georg+Heck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWHhJAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/A._W._Lawrence" title="A. W. Lawrence">Lawrence, A. W.</a>, <i>Greek Architecture</i>, p. 130, 1957, Penguin, Pelican history of art. Lawrence dates this innovation to c. 500 BC</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer,_F.S." class="citation book cs1">Meyer, F.S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WejuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA214"><i>A handbook of ornament</i></a>. Рипол Классик. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781171715481" title="Special:BookSources/9781171715481"><bdi>9781171715481</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+handbook+of+ornament&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB+%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.isbn=9781171715481&rft.au=Meyer%2C+F.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWejuAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Classical Language of Architecture by John Summerson, p.47 "Anta" entry <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=57aoJE26kQkC&pg=PA47">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"These flat, splaying members with cavetto sides, have a long history in Greek architecture as anta capitals, and the rolls at upper and lower sides are also seen" John Boardman, "The Origins of Indian Stone Architecture", p.19 : "An interesting flat capital which, though differing from the classic forms, bears a distinct resemblance to the capitals of the pilasters of the Temple of Apollo Didymaeos at Miletos" <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24049089">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture by Deborah S. Hutton, John Wiley & Sons, 2015, p.438 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7DX-CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA438">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462586"><i>The Journal Of The Royal Asiatic Society Of Great Britain And Ireland For 1907</i></a>. 1907. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.462586/page/n1071">997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journal+Of+The+Royal+Asiatic+Society+Of+Great+Britain+And+Ireland+For+1907&rft.pages=997&rft.date=1907&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.462586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee1920" class="citation book cs1">Banerjee, Gauranga Nath (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hellenisminancie00banerich"><i>Hellenism in ancient India</i></a>. Calcutta. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hellenisminancie00banerich/page/46">46</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellenism+in+ancient+India&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Calcutta&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Banerjee&rft.aufirst=Gauranga+Nath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhellenisminancie00banerich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllchinErdosy1995" class="citation book cs1">Allchin, F. R.; Erdosy, George (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5kI02_zW70C&pg=PA258"><i>The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 258 (f). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521376952" title="Special:BookSources/9780521376952"><bdi>9780521376952</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Early+Historic+South+Asia%3A+The+Emergence+of+Cities+and+States&rft.pages=258+%28f%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780521376952&rft.aulast=Allchin&rft.aufirst=F.+R.&rft.au=Erdosy%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ5kI02_zW70C%26pg%3DPA258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllchinErdosy1995" class="citation book cs1">Allchin, F. R.; Erdosy, George (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5kI02_zW70C&pg=PA3"><i>The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. xi, label 11.30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521376952" title="Special:BookSources/9780521376952"><bdi>9780521376952</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Early+Historic+South+Asia%3A+The+Emergence+of+Cities+and+States&rft.pages=xi%2C+label+11.30&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780521376952&rft.aulast=Allchin&rft.aufirst=F.+R.&rft.au=Erdosy%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ5kI02_zW70C%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVitruvius1914" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vitruvius" title="Vitruvius">Vitruvius</a> (1914) [ca. 30–15 BC]. <a href="/wiki/De_architectura" title="De architectura"><i>The Ten Books on Architecture</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Morris_H._Morgan" title="Morris H. Morgan">Morgan, Morris H.</a> Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 104. <q>Thus in the invention of the two different kinds of columns, they borrowed manly beauty, naked and unadorned, for the one, and for the other the delicacy, adornment, and proportions characteristic of women.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ten+Books+on+Architecture&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1914&rft.au=Vitruvius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Summerson 1963.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapaioannou1975" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Papaioannou, Kostas (1975). <i>L’art grec</i> (in French). Mazenod. p. 607.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%E2%80%99art+grec&rft.pages=607&rft.pub=Mazenod&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Papaioannou&rft.aufirst=Kostas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkin2022" class="citation book cs1">Watkin, David (2022). <i>A History of Western Architecture</i>. Laurence King. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-52942-030-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-52942-030-2"><bdi>978-1-52942-030-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Architecture&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Laurence+King&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-52942-030-2&rft.aulast=Watkin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkin2022" class="citation book cs1">Watkin, David (2022). <i>A History of Western Architecture</i>. Laurence King. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-52942-030-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-52942-030-2"><bdi>978-1-52942-030-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Architecture&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Laurence+King&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-52942-030-2&rft.aulast=Watkin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahrani2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bahrani, Zainab (2017). <i>La Mesopotamia - Arte e Architettura</i> (in Italian). Einaudi. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8806235109" title="Special:BookSources/978-8806235109"><bdi>978-8806235109</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Mesopotamia+-+Arte+e+Architettura&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Einaudi&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-8806235109&rft.aulast=Bahrani&rft.aufirst=Zainab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1964" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Mortimer (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ROMANARTANDARCHITECTURE1964ByMORTIMERWHEELER_201712/mode/1up"><i>Roman Art and Architecture</i></a>. Thames & Hudson. p. 61 & 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0500200216" title="Special:BookSources/978-0500200216"><bdi>978-0500200216</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Art+and+Architecture&rft.pages=61+%26+239&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0500200216&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Mortimer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FROMANARTANDARCHITECTURE1964ByMORTIMERWHEELER_201712%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHopkins201414-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHopkins201414_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHopkins2014">Hopkins 2014</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodge201962-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodge201962_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHodge2019">Hodge 2019</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkin2022" class="citation book cs1">Watkin, David (2022). <i>A History of Western Architecture</i>. Laurence King. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-52942-030-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-52942-030-2"><bdi>978-1-52942-030-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Architecture&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Laurence+King&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-52942-030-2&rft.aulast=Watkin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1927" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Martin, Henry (1927). <i>Le Style Louis XIV</i> (in French). Flammarion. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Style+Louis+XIV&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010099319">"Coupe ronde"</a>. <i>collections.louvre.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collections.louvre.fr&rft.atitle=Coupe+ronde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.louvre.fr%2Fen%2Fark%3A%2F53355%2Fcl010099319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2014230-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2014230_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2014">Jones 2014</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrubeEggebrechtSeidel2012" class="citation book cs1">Grube, Nikolai; Eggebrecht, Eva; Seidel, Matthias (2012). <i>Maya - Divine Kings of the Rain Forest</i>. h.f.ullmann. p. 385. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8480-0034-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8480-0034-0"><bdi>978-3-8480-0034-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maya+-+Divine+Kings+of+the+Rain+Forest&rft.pages=385&rft.pub=h.f.ullmann&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-8480-0034-0&rft.aulast=Grube&rft.aufirst=Nikolai&rft.au=Eggebrecht%2C+Eva&rft.au=Seidel%2C+Matthias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodge201995-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodge201995_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHodge2019">Hodge 2019</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00081474">"Eglise Saint-Jacques"</a>. <i>pop.culture.gouv.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pop.culture.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Eglise+Saint-Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pop.culture.gouv.fr%2Fnotice%2Fmerimee%2FPA00081474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkin2022" class="citation book cs1">Watkin, David (2022). <i>A History of Western Architecture</i>. Laurence King. p. 384. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-52942-030-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-52942-030-2"><bdi>978-1-52942-030-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Architecture&rft.pages=384&rft.pub=Laurence+King&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-52942-030-2&rft.aulast=Watkin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010098671">"Serre-bijoux de Marie-Antoinette"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serre-bijoux+de+Marie-Antoinette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.louvre.fr%2Fark%3A%2F53355%2Fcl010098671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkin2022" class="citation book cs1">Watkin, David (2022). <i>A History of Western Architecture</i>. Laurence King. p. 444. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-52942-030-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-52942-030-2"><bdi>978-1-52942-030-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Western+Architecture&rft.pages=444&rft.pub=Laurence+King&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-52942-030-2&rft.aulast=Watkin&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2014294-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2014294_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2014">Jones 2014</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00106195">"Immeuble France-Lanord"</a>. <i>pop.culture.gouv.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pop.culture.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=Immeuble+France-Lanord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpop.culture.gouv.fr%2Fnotice%2Fmerimee%2FPA00106195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMariana_Celac,_Octavian_Carabela_and_Marius_Marcu-Lapadat2017" class="citation book cs1">Mariana Celac, Octavian Carabela and Marius Marcu-Lapadat (2017). <i>Bucharest Architecture - an annotated guide</i>. Ordinul Arhitecților din România. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-0-23884-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-0-23884-6"><bdi>978-973-0-23884-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bucharest+Architecture+-+an+annotated+guide&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Ordinul+Arhitec%C8%9Bilor+din+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-973-0-23884-6&rft.au=Mariana+Celac%2C+Octavian+Carabela+and+Marius+Marcu-Lapadat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGura2017" class="citation book cs1">Gura, Judith (2017). <i>Postmodern Design Complete</i>. Thames & Hudson. p. 466. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51914-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51914-1"><bdi>978-0-500-51914-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Postmodern+Design+Complete&rft.pages=466&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-500-51914-1&rft.aulast=Gura&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGura2017" class="citation book cs1">Gura, Judith (2017). <i>Postmodern Design Complete</i>. Thames & Hudson. p. 335. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51914-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51914-1"><bdi>978-0-500-51914-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Postmodern+Design+Complete&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-500-51914-1&rft.aulast=Gura&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGura2017" class="citation book cs1">Gura, Judith (2017). <i>Postmodern Design Complete</i>. Thames & Hudson. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51914-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-51914-1"><bdi>978-0-500-51914-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Postmodern+Design+Complete&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-500-51914-1&rft.aulast=Gura&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionic_order&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodge2019" class="citation book cs1">Hodge, Susie (2019). <i>The Short Story of Architecture</i>. Laurence King Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-7862-7370-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-7862-7370-3"><bdi>978-1-7862-7370-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Short+Story+of+Architecture&rft.pub=Laurence+King+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-7862-7370-3&rft.aulast=Hodge&rft.aufirst=Susie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins2014" class="citation book cs1">Hopkins, Owen (2014). <i>Architectural Styles: A Visual Guide</i>. Laurence King. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-178067-163-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-178067-163-5"><bdi>978-178067-163-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architectural+Styles%3A+A+Visual+Guide&rft.pub=Laurence+King&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-178067-163-5&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Owen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2014" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Denna, ed. (2014). <i>Architecture The Whole Story</i>. Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-29148-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-29148-1"><bdi>978-0-500-29148-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+The+Whole+Story&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-500-29148-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIonic+order" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionic_order&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ionic_order" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ionic order">Ionic order</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buffaloah.com/a/DCTNRY/i/ionicord.html">Ionic order exemplified in architecture of Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050826222246/http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~snlrc/encyclopaedia_romana/greece/paganism/ionic.html">Ionic order, after Vitruvius</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://itsa.ucsf.edu/~snlrc/encyclopaedia_romana/greece/paganism/ionic.html">Archived from the original</a> on August 26, 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lookingatbuildings.org.uk/styles/classical/the-orders/ionic.html">"Understanding buildings" website:</a> Ionic order</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-004-0017-4">Denis Andrey and Mirko Galli, "Geometric methods of the 1500s for laying out the ionic volute"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opus.bath.ac.uk/12841/">Early Development and Formal Definition of the Ionic Capital</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.institute-of-traditional-architecture.org/self-study/classical-elements/">Classical orders and elements</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caryatid" title="Caryatid">Caryatid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">Colonnade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concatenation_(architecture)" title="Concatenation (architecture)">Concatenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupled_column" title="Coupled column">Coupled column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture#Columns" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Egyptian column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engaged_column" title="Engaged column">Engaged column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estipite" title="Estipite">Estipite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercolumniation" title="Intercolumniation">Intercolumniation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotted_column" title="Knotted column">Knotted column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns" title="Marian and Holy Trinity columns">Marian column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_column" title="Persian column">Persian column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_(architecture)" title="Pier (architecture)">Pier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compound_pier" title="Compound pier">Compound pier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">Pilaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piloti" title="Piloti">Piloti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulvino" title="Pulvino">Pulvino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Outram#Cambridge_Judge_Business_School,_1995" title="John Outram">Robot order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_column" title="Solomonic column">Solomonic column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoa" title="Stoa">Stoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterleaf_(architecture)" title="Waterleaf (architecture)">Waterleaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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