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11 Khathutshelo Nelukalo , David Richardson, Tammy Robinson, Ian Rushworth , 12 Ross Shackleton, Heather Terrapon Andrew Turner, Ruan Veldtman, Giovanni 13 Vimercati, Costas Zachariades 14","publication_date":"2018,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"The status of biological invasions and their management in South Africa","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [50578633]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div 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PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The status of biological invasions and their management in South Africa</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50578633" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrianvanWilgen"><img alt="Profile image of Brian van Wilgen" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Brian van Wilgen</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Additional contributing authors: Lee-Anne Botha, Oupa Chauke, Jennifer Fill, 8 Therese Forsyth Llewellyn Foxcroft, Charles Griffiths, Michelle Greve, Dai 9 Herbert, Pat Holmes, Philip Ivey, Stiaan Kotze, David Le Maitre, Rob Little, 10 Karabo Malakalaka, John Measey, Siyasanga Miza, Bernard Ndou, 11 Khathutshelo Nelukalo , David Richardson, Tammy Robinson, Ian Rushworth , 12 Ross Shackleton, Heather Terrapon Andrew Turner, Ruan Veldtman, Giovanni 13 Vimercati, Costas Zachariades 14</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":108562540,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/110883129/The_status_of_biological_invasions_and_their_management_in_South_Africa"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":108562540,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/110883129/The_status_of_biological_invasions_and_their_management_in_South_Africa"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/39544617/THE_STATUS_OF_BIOLOGICAL_INVASIONS_AND_THEIR_MANAGEMENT_IN_SOUTH_AFRICA_2017_THE_STATUS_OF_BIOLOGICAL_INVASIONS_AND_THEIR_MANAGEMENT_IN_SOUTH_AFRICA_2017_THE_STATUS_OF_BIOLOGICAL_INVASIONS_AND_THEIR_MANAGEMENT_IN_SOUTH_AFRICA">THE STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA 2017 THE STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA 2017 THE STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116831644" href="https://unil.academia.edu/RossShackleton">Ross Shackleton</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA 2017 THE STATUS OF BIOLOGICAL 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class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="91656310" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/91656310/Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa_An_Overview">Biological Invasions in South Africa: An Overview</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50578633" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrianvanWilgen">Brian van Wilgen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Invasions in South Africa, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biological Invasions in South Africa: An Overview","attachmentId":94882090,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91656310/Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa_An_Overview","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91656310/Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa_An_Overview"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="94748412" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94748412/Potential_Futures_of_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa">Potential Futures of Biological Invasions in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21384568" href="https://sun.academia.edu/JohnMeasey">G. John Measey</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Biological invasions are having a moderately negative impact on human livelihoods and the environment in South Africa, but the situation is worsening. Predicting future trends is fraught with many assumptions, so this chapter takes an outcome-orientated approach. We start by envisaging four scenarios for how biological invasions might look like 200-2000 years from now: (1) "Collapse of Civilisation, but no return to Eden", there is no advanced human civilisation left on Earth and current biological invasions play out in full; (2) "New Pangea", a combination of the unregulated and rapid movement of species around the world and other global change drivers leads to the biotic homogenisation of areas that were previously distinct biogeographic regions such that the concept of biological invasions no longer has meaning; (3) "Preserve or Use", while parts of the Earth continue to be utilised, some areas are actively managed and native biodiversity and biogeographic distributions are maintained; and (4) "Conservation Earth", a highly advanced civilisation restores the Earth to a state prior to the human-mediated movement of organisms (i.e. biological invasions are reversed). Based on various horizon-scanning exercises and our own deliberations, we discuss how technological, socio-political, trade, global change, and ecological</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Potential Futures of Biological Invasions in South Africa","attachmentId":97120258,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94748412/Potential_Futures_of_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94748412/Potential_Futures_of_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Role of Environmental Factors in Promoting and Limiting Biological Invasions in South Africa","attachmentId":91914113,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87797940/The_Role_of_Environmental_Factors_in_Promoting_and_Limiting_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87797940/The_Role_of_Environmental_Factors_in_Promoting_and_Limiting_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="96822784" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/96822784/A_Brief_Selective_History_of_Researchers_and_Research_Initiatives_Related_to_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa">A Brief, Selective History of Researchers and Research Initiatives Related to Biological Invasions in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50578633" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrianvanWilgen">Brian van Wilgen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Invasions in South Africa, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Brief, Selective History of Researchers and Research Initiatives Related to Biological Invasions in South Africa","attachmentId":98613745,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96822784/A_Brief_Selective_History_of_Researchers_and_Research_Initiatives_Related_to_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96822784/A_Brief_Selective_History_of_Researchers_and_Research_Initiatives_Related_to_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="83338200" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83338200/Development_of_alien_and_invasive_taxa_lists_for_regulation_of_biological_invasions_in_South_Africa">Development of alien and invasive taxa lists for regulation of biological invasions in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44694816" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MukundiMukundamago">Mukundi Mukundamago</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bothalia, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: Lists are fundamental for guiding policy and management of biological invasions. The process of developing regulatory lists of alien and invasive taxa should be based on scientific evidence through an objective, transparent and consistent process.Objectives: In this study, we review the development of the lists for the alien and invasive species regulations in terms of section 97(1) of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 (NEM:BA) (Act No. 10 of 2004).Method: Lists published in the National Government Gazette were compared and assessed for changes in the taxa listed and their status between 2009 and 2016. Minutes from expert workshops convened to inform the listing were reviewed. Relevant information such as the criteria for listing taxa was extracted from minutes of the workshops.Results: Three draft versions were produced and published in the Government Gazette for public comment before the final list was published in August 2014 and promulgate...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of alien and invasive taxa lists for regulation of biological invasions in South Africa","attachmentId":88715834,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83338200/Development_of_alien_and_invasive_taxa_lists_for_regulation_of_biological_invasions_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83338200/Development_of_alien_and_invasive_taxa_lists_for_regulation_of_biological_invasions_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="57097992" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57097992/Analysing_the_Risks_Posed_by_Biological_Invasions_to_South_Africa">Analysing the Risks Posed by Biological Invasions to South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32630610" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SabrinaKumschick">Sabrina Kumschick</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Invasions in South Africa</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysing the Risks Posed by Biological Invasions to South Africa","attachmentId":72160275,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57097992/Analysing_the_Risks_Posed_by_Biological_Invasions_to_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57097992/Analysing_the_Risks_Posed_by_Biological_Invasions_to_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="55534131" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55534131/Biological_invasions_in_South_African_National_Parks">Biological invasions in South African National Parks</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="23322276" href="https://sanparks.academia.edu/JohanBaard">Johan Baard</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bothalia, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Objectives: A core objective in South African National Parks (SANParks) is biodiversity conservation and the maintenance of functional ecosystems, which is compromised by alien species invasions. The 2016 Alien and Invasive Species Regulations of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA) requires landowners to develop management plans for alien and invasive species, as well as report on the status and efficacy of control. Method: To compile the species list, we started with the 2011 SANParks alien species list. Name changes were updated and SANParks ecologists and park managers contacted to verify the species lists and add new records. Species reported by external experts were added in the same manner. The management programme costs and species controlled per park per year were extracted from SANParks’ Working for Water programme database. Results: SANParks has listed 869 alien and extra-limital species, including 752 plants and 117 animals, increasing from 78...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biological invasions in South African National Parks","attachmentId":71360999,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55534131/Biological_invasions_in_South_African_National_Parks","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/55534131/Biological_invasions_in_South_African_National_Parks"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="43828470" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43828470/The_Social_Dimensions_of_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa">The Social Dimensions of Biological Invasions in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16119" href="https://unil.academia.edu/ChristianKull">Christian Kull</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="116831644" href="https://unil.academia.edu/RossShackleton">Ross Shackleton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Invasions in South Africa, edited by van Wilgen, BW, J Measey, DM Richardson, JR Wilson & TA Zengeya, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This chapter examines current knowledge relating to the human and social dimensions of biological invasions in South Africa. We do so by advancing 12 propositions and examining the evidence for or against each using South African literature. The propositions cover four broad issues: how people cause invasions; how they conceptualise them; effects of invasive species on people; and peoples' responses to them. The propositions we assess include: (1) intentional introductions were and continue to reflect the social ethos of the time; (2) people go to great lengths to ensure that newly introduced species establish themselves; (3) human-mediated modifications help invasive species to establish; (4) how people think about and study invasive species is strongly shaped by social-ecological contexts; (5) knowledge and awareness of invasive species is low amongst the general public; (6) personal values are the primary factor affecting perceptions of invasive alien species and their control; (7) specific social-ecological contexts mediate how invasive species affect people; (8) research on social effects of invasive species primarily focuses on negative impacts; (9) the negative social impacts of invasive species on local livelihoods are of more concern to people than impacts on biodiversity; (10) people are less willing to manage species regarded as 'charismatic'; (11) social heterogeneity increases conflicts around the management of biological invasions; and (12) engagement with society is key to successful management. By advancing and questioning propositions, we were able to determine what is known, provide evidence for where gaps lie, and thus identify areas for future research.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Social Dimensions of Biological Invasions in South Africa","attachmentId":64147830,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43828470/The_Social_Dimensions_of_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/43828470/The_Social_Dimensions_of_Biological_Invasions_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="90748500" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90748500/Biological_Invasion_Policy_and_Legislation_Development_and_Implementation_in_South_Africa">Biological Invasion Policy and Legislation Development and Implementation in South Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30855532" href="https://yorksj.academia.edu/JennyHall">Jenny Hall</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Invasions in South Africa, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Biological Invasion Policy and Legislation Development and Implementation in South Africa","attachmentId":94225471,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90748500/Biological_Invasion_Policy_and_Legislation_Development_and_Implementation_in_South_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90748500/Biological_Invasion_Policy_and_Legislation_Development_and_Implementation_in_South_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":108562540,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":108562540,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_108562540" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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