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id="toc-Leadership_breakdown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_breakdown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Leadership breakdown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership_breakdown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_and_outcome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_and_outcome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Battle and outcome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_and_outcome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">People's Crusade</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حملة الفقراء الصليبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حملة الفقراء الصليبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Գիւղացիներու Արշաւանք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գիւղացիներու Արշաւանք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzada_de_Pedro_l%27Ermita%C3%B1u" title="Cruzada de Pedro l'Ermitañu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cruzada de Pedro l'Ermitañu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1" title="জনগণের ক্রুসেড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জনগণের ক্রুসেড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%AEn-b%C3%AEn_Si%CC%8Dp-j%C4%AB-kun" title="Jîn-bîn Si̍p-jī-kun – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jîn-bîn Si̍p-jī-kun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Народен кръстоносен поход – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Народен кръстоносен поход" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selja%C4%8Dki_krsta%C5%A1ki_rat" title="Seljački krstaški rat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Seljački krstaški rat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croada_Popular" title="Croada Popular – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Croada Popular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidov%C3%A1_k%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BEov%C3%A1_v%C3%BDprava" title="Lidová křížová výprava – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lidová křížová výprava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkskreuzzug" title="Volkskreuzzug – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Volkskreuzzug" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Σταυροφορία του λαού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σταυροφορία του λαού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzada_de_Pedro_el_Ermita%C3%B1o" title="Cruzada de Pedro el Ermitaño – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cruzada de Pedro el Ermitaño" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="جنگ صلیبی عوام‌الناس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ صلیبی عوام‌الناس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croisade_populaire" title="Croisade populaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croisade populaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EC%A4%91_%EC%8B%AD%EC%9E%90%EA%B5%B0" title="군중 십자군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="군중 십자군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84" title="Գյուղացիների արշավանք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գյուղացիների արշավանք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Salib_Rakyat" title="Perang Salib Rakyat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Salib Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crociata_dei_poveri" title="Crociata dei poveri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Crociata dei poveri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A2_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99" title="מסע הצלב העממי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסע הצלב העממי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Salib_Rakyat" title="Perang Salib Rakyat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Perang Salib Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Народна крстоносна војна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Народна крстоносна војна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroazadim-bahoaka" title="Kroazadim-bahoaka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kroazadim-bahoaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الحمله الصليبيه الشعبيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الحمله الصليبيه الشعبيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Salib_Rakyat" title="Perang Salib Rakyat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Salib Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkskruistocht" title="Volkskruistocht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Volkskruistocht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E8%A1%86%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D" title="民衆十字軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="民衆十字軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkekorstoget" title="Folkekorstoget – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Folkekorstoget" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkekrosstoget" title="Folkekrosstoget – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Folkekrosstoget" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_wyprawa_ludowa" title="I wyprawa ludowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="I wyprawa ludowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruzada_Popular" title="Cruzada Popular – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cruzada Popular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciada_%C8%9B%C4%83ranilor" title="Cruciada țăranilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cruciada țăranilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Крестьянский крестовый поход – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крестьянский крестовый поход" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Сељачки крсташки рат – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сељачки крсташки рат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selja%C4%8Dki_kri%C5%BEarski_rat" title="Seljački križarski rat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Seljački križarski rat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansan_ristiretki" title="Kansan ristiretki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kansan ristiretki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkkorst%C3%A5get" title="Folkkorståget – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Folkkorståget" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="สงครามครูเสดชาวบ้าน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สงครามครูเสดชาวบ้าน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halk%C4%B1n_Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1_Seferi" title="Halkın Haçlı Seferi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Halkın Haçlı Seferi" 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.status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">People's Crusade</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PeoplesCrusadeMassacre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PeoplesCrusadeMassacre.jpg/200px-PeoplesCrusadeMassacre.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PeoplesCrusadeMassacre.jpg/300px-PeoplesCrusadeMassacre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/PeoplesCrusadeMassacre.jpg/400px-PeoplesCrusadeMassacre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="1247" /></a></span><br />The defeat of the People's Crusade<br />Illustration by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Colombe" title="Jean Colombe">Jean Colombe</a> (from <i><a href="/wiki/Passages_d%27outremer" title="Passages d'outremer">Passages d'outremer</a></i>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>April–October 1096<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0znik" title="İznik">Nicaea</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a> victory<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> <ul><li>Crusaders <a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">massacre thousands of Jews</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a></li></ul> Catholic victory in the Rhineland</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">West European</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Hermit" title="Peter the Hermit">Peter the Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sans_Avoir" title="Walter Sans Avoir">Walter Sans Avoir</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emicho" title="Emicho">Emicho of Flonheim</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_I" title="Kilij Arslan I">Kilij Arslan</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 20,000 crusaders<sup id="cite_ref-Nicaea_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicaea-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(initially 40,000)<sup id="cite_ref-AD_1096_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AD_1096-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Unknown</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Extremely high; near-complete destruction<sup id="cite_ref-Jim_Bradbury_pg._186_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jim_Bradbury_pg._186-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Relatively low</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crusades" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Crusades" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Crusades"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Crusades" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Crusades"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crusades" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Ideology and institutions</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)" title="Military order (religious society)">Military order (religious society)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_indulgence" title="Crusade indulgence">Crusade indulgence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_income_tax" title="Papal income tax">Papal income tax</a></li></ul> <p><b>In the Holy Land (1095–1291)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1101" title="Crusade of 1101">1101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Crusade" title="Norwegian Crusade">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Crusade" title="Venetian Crusade">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1129" title="Crusade of 1129">1129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1197" title="Crusade of 1197">1197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" title="Sixth Crusade">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barons%27_Crusade" title="Barons' Crusade">Barons'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1267" title="Crusade of 1267">1267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_the_Infants_of_Aragon" title="Crusade of the Infants of Aragon">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_crusade" title="Lord Edward's crusade">Lord Edward's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Outremer" title="Fall of Outremer">Fall of Outremer</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusades_to_Europe_and_the_Holy_Land#Later_Crusades_(1291-1578)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Crusades to Europe and the Holy Land">Later Crusades</a> (1291–1717)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusades_after_Acre,_1291%E2%80%931399" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399">Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_Crusade" title="Aragonese Crusade">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrniote_crusades" title="Smyrniote crusades">Smyrniote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Crusade" title="Alexandrian Crusade">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoyard_crusade" title="Savoyard crusade">Savoyard</a></li> <li>Barbary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_Crusade" title="Barbary Crusade">1390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Tedelis" title="Crusade of Tedelis">1398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bona_crusade" title="Bona crusade">1399</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">Nicopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League" title="Holy League">Holy Leagues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1332)" title="Holy League (1332)">1332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1495)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy League (1495)">1495</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai#Holy_League" title="War of the League of Cambrai">1511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cognac" title="War of the League of Cognac">1526</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1535)" title="Holy League (1535)">1535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1538)" title="Holy League (1538)">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1571)" title="Holy League (1571)">1571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1594)" title="Holy League (1594)">1594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1684)" title="Holy League (1684)">1684</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_League_(1717)" title="Holy League (1717)">1717</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Crusades" title="Northern Crusades">Northern</a> (1147–1410)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmare_ledung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmare ledung">Kalmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendish_Crusade" title="Wendish Crusade">Wendish</a></li> <li>Swedish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Swedish_Crusade" title="First Swedish Crusade">1150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Swedish_Crusade" title="Second Swedish Crusade">1249</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Swedish_Crusade" title="Third Swedish Crusade">1293</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Crusade" title="Prussian Crusade">Prussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Crusade" title="Lithuanian Crusade">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_campaign_against_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Livonian campaign against Rus'">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Vorskla_River" title="Battle of the Vorskla River">Tatar</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Crusades_against_Christians" title="Crusades against Christians">Against Christians</a> (1209–1588)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albigensian_Crusade" title="Albigensian Crusade">Albigensian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drenther_Crusade" title="Drenther Crusade">Drenther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stedinger_Crusade" title="Stedinger Crusade">Stedinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crusade" title="Bosnian Crusade">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Crusade_(1340)" title="Bohemian Crusade (1340)">Bohemian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despenser%27s_Crusade" title="Despenser's Crusade">Despenser's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussite_Wars" title="Hussite Wars">Hussite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Popular_crusades" title="Popular crusades">Popular</a> (1096–1320)</b> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">People's (1096)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Crusade" title="Children's Crusade">Children's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherds%27_Crusade_(1251)" title="Shepherds' Crusade (1251)">Shepherds' (1251)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_the_Poor" title="Crusade of the Poor">Crusade of the Poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherds%27_Crusade_(1320)" title="Shepherds' Crusade (1320)">Shepherds' (1320)</a></li></ul> <b><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> (722–1492)</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Crusade" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_First_Crusade" title="Template:Campaignbox First Crusade"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_First_Crusade" title="Template talk:Campaignbox First Crusade"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_First_Crusade" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox First Crusade"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Crusade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Xerigordos" title="Siege of Xerigordos">Xerigordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Civetot" title="Battle of Civetot">Civetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nicaea" title="Siege of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dorylaeum_(1097)" title="Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)">Dorylaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch" title="Siege of Antioch">1st Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lake_of_Antioch" title="Battle of the Lake of Antioch">Lake of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Samosata" title="Expedition to Samosata">Samosata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antioch_(1098)" title="Battle of Antioch (1098)">2nd Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ma%27arra" title="Siege of Ma'arra">Ma'arra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade" title="March from Antioch to Jerusalem during the First Crusade">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ascalon" title="Battle of Ascalon">Ascalon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People&#039;s_Crusade" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">Road To Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Massacre of Rhineland Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Xerigordos" title="Siege of Xerigordos">Siege of Xerigordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Civetot" title="Battle of Civetot">Battle of Civetot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crusades:_battles_in_the_Levant_(1096–1303)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Crusades_Battles" title="Template:Campaignbox Crusades Battles"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Crusades_Battles" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Crusades Battles"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Crusades_Battles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Crusades Battles"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crusades:_battles_in_the_Levant_(1096–1303)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>: battles in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> (1096–1303)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Xerigordos" title="Siege of Xerigordos">Xerigordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Civetot" title="Battle of Civetot">Civetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nicaea" title="Siege of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dorylaeum_(1097)" title="Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)">1st Dorylaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch" title="Siege of Antioch">1st Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Samosata" title="Expedition to Samosata">Samosata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antioch_(1098)" title="Battle of Antioch (1098)">2nd Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ma%27arra" title="Siege of Ma'arra">Ma'arra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade" title="March from Antioch to Jerusalem during the First Crusade">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">1st Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ascalon" title="Battle of Ascalon">1st Ascalon</a></li></ul> <p><b>Period post-First Crusade</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_siege_of_Arsuf" title="First siege of Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitene" title="Battle of Melitene">Melitene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mersivan" title="Battle of Mersivan">Mersivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1101#The_Nivernois" title="Crusade of 1101">1st Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1101#The_French_and_Bavarians" title="Crusade of 1101">2nd Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1101)" title="Battle of Ramla (1101)">1st Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1102)" title="Battle of Ramla (1102)">2nd Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli" title="Siege of Tripoli">1st Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1103)" title="Siege of Acre (1103)">1st Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1104)" title="Siege of Acre (1104)">2nd Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harran" title="Battle of Harran">Harran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1105)" title="Battle of Ramla (1105)">3rd Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artah" title="Battle of Artah">Artah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut_(1110)" title="Siege of Beirut (1110)">Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sidon" title="Siege of Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(1111%E2%80%931112)" title="Siege of Tyre (1111–1112)">1st Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaizar" title="Battle of Shaizar">1st Shaizar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Sannabra" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al-Sannabra">Al-Sannabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarmin" title="Battle of Sarmin">Sarmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ager_Sanguinis" title="Battle of Ager Sanguinis">Ager Sanguinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hab" title="Battle of Hab">Hab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Crusade" title="Venetian Crusade">Jaffa and 2nd Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yibneh" title="Battle of Yibneh">Yibneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(1124)" title="Siege of Aleppo (1124)">1st Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Azaz_(1125)" title="Battle of Azaz (1125)">Azaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_al-Saffar_(1126)" title="Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1126)">Marj al-Saffar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Atharib_(1130)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Atharib (1130)">al-Atharib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafaniyya" title="Battle of Rafaniyya">Rafaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zengid_campaign_against_Antioch" title="Zengid campaign against Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qinnasrin" title="Battle of Qinnasrin">Qinnasrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ba%27rin" title="Battle of Ba'rin">Ba'rin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(1138)" title="Siege of Aleppo (1138)">2nd Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shaizar" title="Siege of Shaizar">2nd Shaizar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Edessa_(1144)" title="Siege of Edessa (1144)">Edessa 1144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Edessa_(1146)" title="Siege of Edessa (1146)">Edessa 1146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(1147)" title="Battle of Bosra (1147)">Bosra</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Constantinople_(1147)" title="Battle of Constantinople (1147)">1st Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dorylaeum_(1147)" title="Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)">2nd Dorylaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ephesus_(1147)" title="Battle of Ephesus (1147)">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Meander" title="Battle of the Meander">Meander Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Cadmus" title="Battle of Mount Cadmus">Mount Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damascus_(1148)" title="Siege of Damascus (1148)">Damascus</a></li></ul> <p><b>Period post-Second Crusade</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inab" title="Battle of Inab">Inab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aintab" title="Battle of Aintab">Aintab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon" title="Siege of Ascalon">2nd Ascalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Huleh_(1157)" title="Battle of Lake Huleh (1157)">Lake Huleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Butaiha" title="Battle of Butaiha">Butaiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Buqaia" title="Battle of al-Buqaia">al-Buqaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harim" title="Battle of Harim">Harim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bilbeis" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bilbeis">1st Bilbeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Babein" title="Battle of al-Babein">al-Babein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alexandria_(1167)" title="Siege of Alexandria (1167)">1st Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Bilbeis" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Bilbeis">2nd Bilbeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1169)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Damietta (1169)">1st Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ayla" title="Siege of Ayla">Ayla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alexandria_(1174)" title="Siege of Alexandria (1174)">2nd Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montgisard" title="Battle of Montgisard">Montgisard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hama_(1178)" title="Battle of Hama (1178)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banias" title="Battle of Banias">Banias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Ayyun" title="Battle of Marj Ayyun">Marj Ayyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jacob%27s_Ford" title="Siege of Jacob's Ford">Jacob's Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Acre_(1179)" title="Attack on Acre (1179)">3rd Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_raids_on_the_Red_Sea" title="Crusader raids on the Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Battle of Belvoir Castle">1st Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Fule" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al-Fule">Al-Fule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak" title="Siege of Kerak">1st Kerak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cresson" title="Battle of Cresson">Cresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak_(1187%E2%80%931188)" title="Siege of Kerak (1187–1188)">2nd Kerak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hattin" title="Battle of Hattin">Hattin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">2nd Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(1187)" title="Siege of Tyre (1187)">3rd Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Siege of Belvoir Castle">2nd Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Laodicea_(1188)" title="Siege of Laodicea (1188)">Laodicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sahyun_Castle" title="Siege of Sahyun Castle">Sahyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Al-Shughur" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Al-Shughur">Al-Shughur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bourzey_Castle" title="Siege of Bourzey Castle">Bourzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1188)" title="Siege of Safed (1188)">Safed</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)" title="Siege of Acre (1189–1191)">4th Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philomelion_(1190)" title="Battle of Philomelion (1190)">Philomelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iconium_(1190)" title="Battle of Iconium (1190)">Iconium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">1st Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1192)">1st Jaffa</a></li></ul> <p><b>Period post-Third Crusade</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1197)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1197)">2nd Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toron" title="Siege of Toron">Toron</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zara" title="Siege of Zara">Zara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(1203)" title="Siege of Constantinople (1203)">2nd Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Constantinople" title="Sack of Constantinople">3rd Constantinople</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mount_Tabor" title="Siege of Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Machghara" title="Battle of Machghara">Machghara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1218%E2%80%931219)" title="Siege of Damietta (1218–1219)">2nd Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1219)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1219)">1st Fariskur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1221)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1221)">1st Mansurah</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" title="Sixth Crusade">Sixth Crusade</a> and aftermath</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Gaza_(1239)" title="Battle at Gaza (1239)">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1244)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1244)">3rd Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forbie" title="Battle of Forbie">Forbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon_(1247)" title="Siege of Ascalon (1247)">3rd Ascalon</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">Seventh Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1249)" title="Siege of Damietta (1249)">3rd Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1250)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1250)">2nd Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1250)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1250)">2nd Fariskur</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Outremer" title="Fall of Outremer">End of the Crusader states in the Levant</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Arsuf" title="Fall of Arsuf">2nd Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Caesarea">Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Haifa_(1265)" title="Fall of Haifa (1265)">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1266)" title="Siege of Safed (1266)">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch_(1268)" title="Siege of Antioch (1268)">2nd Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">Eighth Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Fall of Krak des Chevaliers">Krak des Chevaliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1271)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1271)">2nd Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Edward's Crusade">Lord Edward's Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Homs" title="Second Battle of Homs">Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Margat" title="Siege of Margat">Margat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tripoli_(1289)" title="Fall of Tripoli (1289)">3rd Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">4th Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Ruad" title="Fall of Ruad">Ruad</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>People's Crusade</b> was the beginning phase of the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> whose objective was to retake the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in particular, from Islamic rule. In 1095, after the head of the Roman Catholic Church <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a> started to urge faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem, the People's Crusade was conducted for roughly six months from April to October 1096. It is also known as the <b>Peasants' Crusade</b>, <b>Paupers' Crusade</b> or the <b>Popular Crusade</b> as it was executed by a mainly untrained peasant army prior to the main church-organized crusade. It was led primarily by <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Hermit" title="Peter the Hermit">Peter the Hermit</a> with forces of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sans_Avoir" title="Walter Sans Avoir">Walter Sans Avoir</a>. The peasant army of this crusade was destroyed by the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty" title="Seljuk dynasty">Seljuk Turks</a> under <a href="/wiki/Kilij_Arslan_I" title="Kilij Arslan I">Kilij Arslan</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Civetot" title="Battle of Civetot">Battle of Civetot</a> in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. </p><p>The People's Crusade was the first, largest, and best documented of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_crusades" title="Popular crusades">popular crusades</a>. The start of the more official and fully church-backed crusade, called the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">"Princes' Crusade"</a>, occurred a few months later and was better organized, better armed, and better funded; it was also successful. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_the_Hermit_Preaching_the_First_Crusade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Peter_the_Hermit_Preaching_the_First_Crusade.jpg/220px-Peter_the_Hermit_Preaching_the_First_Crusade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Peter_the_Hermit_Preaching_the_First_Crusade.jpg/330px-Peter_the_Hermit_Preaching_the_First_Crusade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Peter_the_Hermit_Preaching_the_First_Crusade.jpg/440px-Peter_the_Hermit_Preaching_the_First_Crusade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><i>Peter the Hermit Preaching the First Crusade</i> – from the painting by James Archer – from Cassell's History of England, Vol. I – anonymous author and artists</figcaption></figure> <p>Calling for a crusade at the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Clermont" title="Council of Clermont">Council of Clermont</a> in 1095, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_II" title="Pope Urban II">Pope Urban II</a> planned the departure of the crusade for 15 August 1096. Nevertheless, a number of unexpected bands of peasants and low-ranking knights organized and set off for Jerusalem on their own. The peasant population had been afflicted by drought, famine, and disease for many years before 1096, and some of them seem to have envisioned the crusade as an escape from these hardships. Spurring them on had been a number of meteorological occurrences beginning in 1095 that seemed to be a divine blessing for the movement: a <a href="/wiki/Meteor_shower" title="Meteor shower">meteor shower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aurora_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora (astronomy)">aurorae</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lunar_eclipse" title="Lunar eclipse">lunar eclipse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C/1861_G1_(Thatcher)" title="C/1861 G1 (Thatcher)">a comet</a>, among other events. An outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Ergotism" title="Ergotism">ergotism</a> had also occurred just before the Council of Clermont. <a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a>, the belief that the end of the world was imminent, popular in the early 11th century, experienced a resurgence in popularity. The response was beyond expectations: while Urban might have expected a few thousand knights, he ended up with a migration numbering up to 100,000 Crusaders of mostly unskilled fighters, including women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A charismatic monk and powerful orator named <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Hermit" title="Peter the Hermit">Peter the Hermit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> was the spiritual leader of the movement. He was known for riding a donkey and dressing in simple clothing. He had vigorously preached the crusade throughout northern France and <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>. He claimed to have been appointed to preach by Christ himself (and supposedly had a divine letter to prove it), and it is likely that some of his followers thought he, not Urban, was the true originator of the crusading idea. It is often believed that Peter's army was a band of illiterate, incompetent peasants who had no idea where they were going, and who believed that every city of any size they encountered on their way was Jerusalem itself; this may have been true for some, but the long tradition of pilgrimages to Jerusalem ensured that the location and distance of the city were well known. While the majority were unskilled in fighting, there were some well-trained minor knights leading them, such as <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sans_Avoir" title="Walter Sans Avoir">Walter Sans-Avoir</a> (also mistakenly known as Walter the Penniless),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was experienced in warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Massacre_of_Jews_in_Central_Europe">Massacre of Jews in Central Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Massacre of Jews in Central Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Crusade_(cs).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/People%27s_Crusade_%28cs%29.JPG/220px-People%27s_Crusade_%28cs%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/People%27s_Crusade_%28cs%29.JPG/330px-People%27s_Crusade_%28cs%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/People%27s_Crusade_%28cs%29.JPG/440px-People%27s_Crusade_%28cs%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2270" data-file-height="1789" /></a><figcaption>Map of the People's Crusade</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late spring and summer of 1096, crusaders destroyed most of the Jewish communities along the Rhine in a series of unprecedentedly large <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a> in France and Germany in which thousands of Jews were massacred, driven to suicide, or forced to convert to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-NikolasJaspert_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NikolasJaspert-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JonathanPhillips_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonathanPhillips-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twelve Jews were murdered in <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, where the Bishop saved the rest of the Jews, but in the <a href="/wiki/Worms_massacre_(1096)" title="Worms massacre (1096)">Worms massacre</a> some 800 were murdered. In <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, over 1,000 Jews were murdered, as well as more in <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, and elsewhere. Others were subjected to forced baptism and conversion. The preacher Folkmar and <a href="/wiki/Count_Emicho_of_Flonheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Emicho of Flonheim">Emicho of Flonheim</a> were the main inciters and leaders of the massacre. The major chroniclers of the 1096 killings are <a href="/wiki/Solomon_bar_Simson" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon bar Simson">Solomon bar Simson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albert_of_Aachen" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert of Aachen">Albert of Aachen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NormanCohn_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NormanCohn-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JonathanPhillips_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JonathanPhillips-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NikolasJaspert_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NikolasJaspert-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estimates of the number of Jewish men, women, and children murdered or driven to suicide by crusaders vary, ranging from 2,000 to 12,000.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Cohn" title="Norman Cohn">Norman Cohn</a> puts the number at between 4,000 and 8,000 from May to June 1096.<sup id="cite_ref-NormanCohn_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NormanCohn-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gedaliah_ibn_Yahya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gedaliah ibn Yahya">Gedaliah ibn Yahya</a> estimated that some 5,000 Jews were killed from April to June 1096.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Flannery" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward H. Flannery">Edward H. Flannery</a>'s estimate is that 10,000 were murdered over the longer January-to-July period, "probably one-fourth to one-third of the Jewish population of Germany and Northern France at that time."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clergy and nobility of Europe condemned the killing of Jews, and forbade it on subsequent crusades.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Walter_and_the_French">Walter and the French</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Walter and the French"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meyers_b2_s0660_b1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Meyers_b2_s0660_b1.png/181px-Meyers_b2_s0660_b1.png" decoding="async" width="181" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Meyers_b2_s0660_b1.png/272px-Meyers_b2_s0660_b1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Meyers_b2_s0660_b1.png/362px-Meyers_b2_s0660_b1.png 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>1888 map showing proximity of <a href="/wiki/Zemun" title="Zemun">Zemun</a> (Semlin), river Sava and Belgrade</figcaption></figure> <p>Peter gathered his army at <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> on 12 April 1096, planning to stop there and preach to the Germans and gather more crusaders. The French, however, were not willing to wait for Peter and the Germans and under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sans_Avoir" title="Walter Sans Avoir">Walter Sans Avoir</a>, a few thousand French crusaders left before Peter and reached Hungary on 8 May, passing through Hungary without incident and arriving at the river <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a> at the border of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> territory at <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>. The Belgrade commander was taken by surprise, having no orders on what to do with them, and refused entry, forcing the crusaders to pillage the countryside for food. This resulted in skirmishes with the Belgrade garrison and, to make matters worse, sixteen of Walter's men had tried to rob a market in <a href="/wiki/Zemun" title="Zemun">Zemun</a> across the river in Hungary and were stripped of their armor and clothing, which was hung from the castle walls. Eventually the crusaders were allowed to carry on to <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>, where they were provided with food and waited to hear from <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cologne_to_Constantinople">Cologne to Constantinople</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cologne to Constantinople"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peter and the remaining crusaders left Cologne about 20 April. About 40,000 Crusaders departed immediately. Another group would follow soon after; this group committed the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland_massacres" title="Rhineland massacres">Rhineland massacres</a> against Jewish populations and is sometimes referred to as the "German Crusade of 1096".<sup id="cite_ref-AD_1096_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AD_1096-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When they reached the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, part of the army decided to continue on by boat down the Danube, while the main body continued overland and entered Hungary at <a href="/wiki/Sopron" title="Sopron">Sopron</a>. There it continued through Hungary without incident and rejoined the Danube contingent at <a href="/wiki/Zemun" title="Zemun">Zemun</a> on the Byzantine frontier. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crusaders_attacking_Ni%C5%A1,_1096.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crusaders_attacking_Ni%C5%A1%2C_1096.jpg/220px-Crusaders_attacking_Ni%C5%A1%2C_1096.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Crusaders_attacking_Ni%C5%A1%2C_1096.jpg/330px-Crusaders_attacking_Ni%C5%A1%2C_1096.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Crusaders_attacking_Ni%C5%A1%2C_1096.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Siege of <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> on 4 July 1096</figcaption></figure> <p>In Zemun, the crusaders became suspicious, seeing Walter's sixteen suits of armor hanging from the walls, and eventually a dispute over the price of a pair of shoes in the market led to a riot, which then turned into an all-out assault on the city by the crusaders, in which 4,000 Hungarians were killed. The crusaders then fled across the river Sava to Belgrade, but only after skirmishing with Belgrade troops. The residents of Belgrade fled, and the crusaders pillaged and burned the city. Then they marched for seven days, arriving at <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> on 3 July. There, the commander of Niš promised to provide escort for Peter's army to Constantinople as well as food, if he would leave right away. Peter obliged, and the next morning he set out. However, a few Germans got into a dispute with some locals along the road and set fire to a mill, which escalated out of Peter's control until Niš sent out its entire garrison against the crusaders. The crusaders were completely routed, losing about 10,000 (a quarter of their number), the remainder regrouping further on at <a href="/wiki/Bela_Palanka" title="Bela Palanka">Bela Palanka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AD_1096_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AD_1096-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When they reached <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> on 12 July they met their Byzantine escort, which brought them safely the rest of the way to Constantinople by 1 August. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership_breakdown">Leadership breakdown</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Leadership breakdown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexius I Komnenus</a>, not knowing what else to do with such an unusual and unexpected army, quickly ferried all 30,000 across the <a href="/wiki/Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a> by 6 August.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosporus_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosporus-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has since been debated whether he sent them away without Byzantine guides knowing full well that they could be slaughtered by the Turks, or whether they insisted on continuing into Asia Minor despite his warnings. In any case, it is known that Alexius warned Peter not to engage the Turks, whom he believed to be superior to Peter's motley army, and to wait for the main body of crusaders, which was still on the way.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peter was rejoined by the French under Walter Sans Avoir and a number of bands of Italian crusaders who had arrived at the same time. Once in Asia Minor, they began to pillage towns and villages until they reached <a href="/wiki/Nicomedia" title="Nicomedia">Nicomedia</a>, where an argument broke out between the Germans and Italians on one side and the French on the other. The Germans and Italians split off and elected a new leader, an Italian named Rainald, while for the French, Geoffrey Burel took command. Peter had effectively lost control of the crusade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Even though Alexius had urged Peter to wait for the main army, Peter had lost much of his authority and the crusaders spurred each other on, moving more boldly against nearby towns until finally the French reached the edge of <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0znik" title="İznik">Nicaea</a>, a Seljuk stronghold and provincial capital, where they pillaged the suburbs. The Germans, not to be outdone, marched with 6,000 crusaders on <a href="/wiki/Xerigordos" title="Xerigordos">Xerigordos</a> and captured the fortress to use as a base to raid the countryside. In response, the Turks, led by one of Kilij Arslan's generals, defeated the crusaders at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Xerigordos" title="Siege of Xerigordos">Siege of Xerigordos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Jim_Bradbury_pg._186_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jim_Bradbury_pg._186-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many of whom were forced to drink the blood of donkeys and their own urine during the siege, since their water supply was cut. Some of the crusaders who were captured converted to Islam and were sent to <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>, while others who refused to abandon their faith were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_and_outcome">Battle and outcome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Battle and outcome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Civetot" title="Battle of Civetot">Battle of Civetot</a></div> <p>Back at the main crusaders' camp, two Turkish spies had spread rumors that the Germans who had taken Xerigordos had also taken Nicaea, which caused excitement to get there as soon as possible to share in the looting. The Turks were waiting on the road to Nicaea. Peter the Hermit had gone back to Constantinople to arrange for supplies and was due back soon, and most of the leaders argued to wait for him to return (which he never did). However, Geoffrey Burel, who had popular support among the masses, argued that it would be cowardly to wait, and they should move against the Turks right away. His will prevailed and, on the morning of 21 October, the entire army of 20,000 marched out toward Nicaea, leaving women, children, the old and the sick behind at the camp.<sup id="cite_ref-Nicaea_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nicaea-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three miles from the camp, where the road entered a narrow, wooded valley near the village of Dracon, the Turkish army was waiting. When approaching the valley, the crusaders marched noisily and were quickly subjected to a hail of arrows.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Panic set in immediately and within minutes, the army was in full rout back to the camp. Most of the crusaders were slaughtered, including <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sans_Avoir" title="Walter Sans Avoir">Walter Sans Avoir</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, women, children, and those who surrendered were spared. Three thousand, including Geoffrey Burel, were able to obtain refuge in an abandoned castle. Eventually the Byzantines under <a href="/wiki/Constantine_Euphorbenos_Katakalon" title="Constantine Euphorbenos Katakalon">Constantine Katakalon</a> sailed over and raised the siege; these few thousand returned to Constantinople, the only survivors of the People's Crusade.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the People’s Crusade never replenished to their original numbers after the battle, the army of Peter the Hermit was joined by disarmed, injured, or bankrupted crusaders and continued on toward <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> to aid the “Princes” in the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A list of known members of Peter's army can be found in Riley-Smith, et al., <i>A Database of Crusaders to the Holy Land</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John France, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/victoryineast00john">Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade</a></i>, (Cambridge University Press, 1997), pg. 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul L. Williams, <i>The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Crusades</i>, p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Campbell, <i>Rights: A Critical Introduction</i>, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nicaea-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nicaea_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nicaea_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Norwich, <i>Byzantium: The Decline and Fall</i>, 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AD_1096-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AD_1096_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AD_1096_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AD_1096_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Norwich, <i>Byzantium: The Decline and Fall</i>, 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jim_Bradbury_pg._186-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jim_Bradbury_pg._186_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jim_Bradbury_pg._186_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Bradbury, <i>The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare</i>, p. 186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, S. (1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168654?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3A6b32f0b19e1152e3ba5eeae3d6be44aa&seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents">The First Crusaders' Journey across the Balkan Peninsula</a>. <i>Byzantion</i>, 19, 207–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Riley-Smith" title="Jonathan Riley-Smith">Jonathan Riley-Smith</a>, <i>The Crusades: A History</i>, 2nd ed. (Yale University Press, 2005), p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhi.ac.uk/crusaders/search-results/?type=adv&crusade_name_id=&crusade_name_string=&contingent_leader_id=18&contingent_leader_string=Peter+the+Hermit&first_name=&toponymic=&origin_country_id=&origin_country_string=&origin_region_id=&origin_region_string=&title=&gender=&role_id=&role_string=&lay_cleric=&outcome_id=&outcome_string=">"Army of Peter the Hermit"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Army+of+Peter+the+Hermit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhi.ac.uk%2Fcrusaders%2Fsearch-results%2F%3Ftype%3Dadv%26crusade_name_id%3D%26crusade_name_string%3D%26contingent_leader_id%3D18%26contingent_leader_string%3DPeter%2Bthe%2BHermit%26first_name%3D%26toponymic%3D%26origin_country_id%3D%26origin_country_string%3D%26origin_region_id%3D%26origin_region_string%3D%26title%3D%26gender%3D%26role_id%3D%26role_string%3D%26lay_cleric%3D%26outcome_id%3D%26outcome_string%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Crusade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NikolasJaspert-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NikolasJaspert_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NikolasJaspert_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nikolas Jaspert, <i>The Crusades</i>, Routledge, 2006: 39–40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerd Mentgen, "Crusades" in <i>Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution</i> (Vol. 1), ed. <a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Levy" title="Richard S. Levy">Richard S. Levy</a>, 151–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JonathanPhillips-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JonathanPhillips_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JonathanPhillips_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan Phillips, <i>Holy Warriors: A Modern History of the Crusades</i>. Random House, 2010: 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NormanCohn-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NormanCohn_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NormanCohn_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Cohn" title="Norman Cohn">Norman Cohn</a>, <i>The Pursuit of the Millennium: Revolutionary Millenarians and Mystical Anarchists of the Middle Ages</i>. Oxford University Press, 1970: 69–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerd Mentgen, "Crusades" in <i>Antisemitism: a Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution</i> (Vol. 1), ed. <a href="/wiki/Richard_S._Levy" title="Richard S. Levy">Richard S. Levy</a>, 151–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Dubno and Moshe Spiegel, <i>History of the Jews: From the Roman Empire to the Early Medieval Period</i> (Vol. 2). Associated University Presse, 1980: 677.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodney Stark, <i>One True God: Historical Consequences of Monotheism</i>. Princeton University Press, 2003: 140–41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward H. Flannery, <i>The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism</i>. Paulist Press, 1985: 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant1996" class="citation book cs1">Grant, Barbara (1996). <i>Medieval Societies</i>. p. 139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Societies&rft.pages=139&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Crusade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncalf,_Frederic_(1969)._In_the_Wisconsin_Collaborative_History_of_the_Crusades,_Volume_I._The_First_One_Hundred_Years" class="citation web cs1">Duncalf, Frederic (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.library.wisc.edu/History/EFacs/HistCrus/0001/0001/reference/history.crusone.i0024.pdf">"The First Crusade: Clermont to Constantinople"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+First+Crusade%3A+Clermont+to+Constantinople&rft.au=Duncalf%2C+Frederic+%281969%29.+In+the+Wisconsin+Collaborative+History+of+the+Crusades%2C+Volume+I.+The+First+One+Hundred+Years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.library.wisc.edu%2FHistory%2FEFacs%2FHistCrus%2F0001%2F0001%2Freference%2Fhistory.crusone.i0024.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeople%27s+Crusade" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bosporus-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bosporus_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Norwich, <i>Byzantium: The Decline and Fall</i>, 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://historymedren.about.com/od/firstcrusade/p/The-Peoples-Crusade.htm">http://historymedren.about.com/od/firstcrusade/p/The-Peoples-Crusade.htm</a> The People's Crusade History</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman, <i>The First Crusade</i>, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman, <i>The First Crusade</i>, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edgington, Susan B.; Albert of Aachen (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=icaJmf7KAE4C&pg=PP1&dq=susan+b.edgington#PPP105,M1">Historia Ierosolimitana</a>, Oxford University Press. p. 41. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-920486-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-920486-1">0-19-920486-1</a>. "There died Walter Sansavoir, pierced by seven arrows through his hauberk and breast."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Skoulatos, Basile (1980). Les personnages byzantins de I'Alexiade: Analyse prosopographique et synthese (in French). p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker, Ernest (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Peter_the_Hermit" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Peter the Hermit">Peter the Hermit</a>". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <b>21.</b> (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press. pp. 294–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Riley-Smith, Jonathan, <i>The First Crusaders, 1095–1131</i>, Cambridge University Press, London, 1997</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Peter the Hermit and the People's Crusade: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/peterhermit.html">Collected Accounts</a>.</li> <li>Duncalf, Frederic. "The Peasants Crusade." <i>American Historical Review</i> 26 (1921): pp. 440–53.</li> <li>Cohn, Norman. <i>The Pursuit of the Millennium</i>.</li> <li>See also <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade#Sources" title="First Crusade">First Crusade – selected sources and further reading</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&oldid=1253672206">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People%27s_Crusade&oldid=1253672206</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Crusade" title="Category:First Crusade">First Crusade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1096" title="Category:Conflicts in 1096">Conflicts in 1096</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wars_involving_the_Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Category:Wars involving the Sultanate of Rum">Wars involving the Sultanate of Rum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:11th-century_farmers" title="Category:11th-century farmers">11th-century farmers</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 October 2024, at 07:40<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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