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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%83_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="إك أونكار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إك أونكار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="এক ওঙ্কার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এক ওঙ্কার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ik Onkar" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek_onkar" title="Ek onkar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ek onkar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="इक ओंकार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इक ओंकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ik_Onkar" title="Ik Onkar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ik Onkar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek_Onkar" title="Ek Onkar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ek Onkar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek_Onkar" title="Ek Onkar – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ek Onkar" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A9%B4" title="ੴ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ੴ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اک اونکار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اک اونکار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikk_Oankar" title="Ikk Oankar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ikk Oankar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek_onkar" title="Ek onkar – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ek onkar" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="เอกโองการ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอกโองการ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0k_Onkar" title="İk Onkar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İk Onkar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="اک اونکار – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اک اونکار" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58611#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a>, the American <a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religious movement</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ek_onkar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ek_onkar.svg/220px-Ek_onkar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ek_onkar.svg/330px-Ek_onkar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ek_onkar.svg/440px-Ek_onkar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="927" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption><i>Ik Onkār</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-rose_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rose-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Sikh symbol (encoded as a single character in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> at U+0A74, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1094882035">.mw-parser-output .script-Cprt{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Cypriot",Code2001}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-size:125%;font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo",FreeSerif,Quivira}.mw-parser-output .script-Latf,.mw-parser-output .script-de-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Breitkopf Fraktur",UnifrakturCook,UniFrakturMaguntia,MarsFraktur,"MarsFraktur OT",KochFraktur,"KochFraktur OT",OffenbacherSchwabOT,"LOB.AlteSchwabacher","LOV.AlteSchwabacher","LOB.AtlantisFraktur","LOV.AtlantisFraktur","LOB.BreitkopfFraktur","LOV.BreitkopfFraktur","LOB.FetteFraktur","LOV.FetteFraktur","LOB.Fraktur3","LOV.Fraktur3","LOB.RochFraktur","LOV.RochFraktur","LOB.PostFraktur","LOV.PostFraktur","LOB.RuelhscheFraktur","LOV.RuelhscheFraktur","LOB.RungholtFraktur","LOV.RungholtFraktur","LOB.TheuerbankFraktur","LOV.TheuerbankFraktur","LOB.VinetaFraktur","LOV.VinetaFraktur","LOB.WalbaumFraktur","LOV.WalbaumFraktur","LOB.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOV.WeberMainzerFraktur","LOB.WieynckFraktur","LOV.WieynckFraktur","LOB.ZentenarFraktur","LOV.ZentenarFraktur"}.mw-parser-output .script-en-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:Cankama,"Old English Text MT","Textura Libera","Textura Libera Tenuis",London}.mw-parser-output .script-it-Latf{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Rotunda Pommerania",Rotunda,"Typographer Rotunda"}.mw-parser-output .script-Lina{font-size:1.25em;font-family:"Noto Sans Linear 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#D4AF37; color:#f7f1e3;">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#D4AF37;"><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib"><span style="color:#f7f1e3;">Guru Granth Sahib<br />ਗੁਰੂ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਾਹਿਬ</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="background-color:#D4AF37;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_housed_at_Sri_Keshgarh_Sahib,_Anandpur_and_dated_to_1803_B.S._(1746_C.E.)_beautifully_decorated_with_gold_and_floral_arabesques_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_housed_at_Sri_Keshgarh_Sahib%2C_Anandpur_and_dated_to_1803_B.S._%281746_C.E.%29_beautifully_decorated_with_gold_and_floral_arabesques_01.jpg/250px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_housed_at_Sri_Keshgarh_Sahib%2C_Anandpur_and_dated_to_1803_B.S._%281746_C.E.%29_beautifully_decorated_with_gold_and_floral_arabesques_01.jpg/375px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscript_housed_at_Sri_Keshgarh_Sahib%2C_Anandpur_and_dated_to_1803_B.S._%281746_C.E.%29_beautifully_decorated_with_gold_and_floral_arabesques_01.jpg/500px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1338" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#D4AF37; color:#f7f1e3;"> Popular compositions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ik Onkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mul_Mantar" title="Mul Mantar">Mul Mantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japji_Sahib" title="Japji Sahib">Japji Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Sahib" title="Anand Sahib">Anand Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhmani_Sahib" title="Sukhmani Sahib">Sukhmani Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_di_Var" title="Asa di Var">Asa di Var</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#D4AF37; color:#f7f1e3;"> Other compositions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salok_Mardana" title="Salok Mardana">Salok Mardana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhattan_De_Savaiye" title="Bhattan De Savaiye">Bhattan De Savaiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragmala" title="Ragmala">Ragamala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidh_Gosti" title="Sidh Gosti">Sidh Gosti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakhni_Oankar" title="Dakhni Oankar">Dakhni Oankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramkali_Sadu" title="Ramkali Sadu">Ramkali Sadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salok_Sahaskriti_Mahalla_Pehla" title="Salok Sahaskriti Mahalla Pehla">Salok Sahaskriti Mahalla Pehla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatha_(Sikhism)" title="Gatha (Sikhism)">Gatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagan_mein_thaal" title="Gagan mein thaal">Gagan mein thaal</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#D4AF37; color:#f7f1e3;"> Various aspects</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Women in the Guru Granth Sahib">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_of_the_Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Message of the Guru Granth Sahib">Message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_of_the_Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Writers of the Guru Granth Sahib">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_music#Raag" title="Sikh music">Raga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurbani" title="Gurbani">Gurbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Sikhism" title="Names of God in Sikhism">Appellations for God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granth" title="Guru Maneyo Granth">Guruship proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Bhasha" title="Sant Bhasha">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Granthi" title="Panj Granthi">Panj Granthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitnem" title="Nitnem">Nitnem</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#D4AF37; color:#f7f1e3;"> Poetical metres, modes, measures, and rhythms</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shloka" title="Shloka">Salok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savaiya" title="Savaiya">Savaiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaar" title="Vaar">Vaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pada_(foot)" title="Pada (foot)">Pādi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauri_(poetry)" title="Pauri (poetry)">Pauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabda#Sikhism" title="Shabda">Shabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhand" title="Chhand">Chhant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaupai_(poetry)" title="Chaupai (poetry)">Chaupai</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_scriptures" title="Sikh scriptures">Sikh scriptures</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guru_Granth_Sahib_sidebar" title="Template:Guru Granth Sahib sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guru_Granth_Sahib_sidebar" title="Template talk:Guru Granth Sahib sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guru_Granth_Sahib_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guru Granth Sahib sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ik Onkar</b>, also spelled <b>Ek Onkar</b> or <b>Ik Oankaar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1094882035"><span class="Unicode">ੴ</span> or <span title="Punjabi-language text"><span lang="pa">ਇੱਕ ਓਅੰਕਾਰ</span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Punjabi pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">[ɪkː<span class="wrap"> </span>oːəŋkaːɾᵊ]</a></span>); literally, "one <i><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></i>",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hence interpreted as "There is only one God<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or one Creator"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a phrase in <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> that denotes the one supreme reality.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a central tenet of <a href="/wiki/Sikh_religious_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh religious philosophy">Sikh religious philosophy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rose_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rose-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Ik Onkar</i></span> are the first words of the <a href="/wiki/Mul_Mantar" title="Mul Mantar">Mul Mantar</a> and also the opening words of the Sikh holy scripture <a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-W_Ik_Onkar-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first symbol "ik" is actually not a word but the Punjabi symbol for the number 1.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Ik</i></span> (<span title="Punjabi-language text"><span lang="pa">ਇੱਕ</span></span>) is interpreted as "one and only one, who cannot be compared or contrasted with any other",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "unmanifest, Lord in power, the holy word, the primal manifestation of the Godhead by which and in which all live, move and have their being and by which all find a way back to Absolute God, the Supreme Reality."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Ik Onkar</i></span> has a distinct spelling in the <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a> script<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the phrase is found in many Sikh religious scriptures and inscribed in places of worship such as <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwaras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Mul_Mantar">In Mul Mantar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ik_Onkar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In Mul Mantar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guru_Har_Rai_-_Mool_Mantar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Guru_Har_Rai_-_Mool_Mantar.jpg/250px-Guru_Har_Rai_-_Mool_Mantar.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Guru_Har_Rai_-_Mool_Mantar.jpg/375px-Guru_Har_Rai_-_Mool_Mantar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Guru_Har_Rai_-_Mool_Mantar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="286" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mul_Mantar" title="Mul Mantar">Mul Mantar</a> written by <a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai">Guru Har Rai</a>, showing the Ik Onkar at top.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mul_Mantar" title="Mul Mantar">Mul Mantar</a></div> <p><span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Ik Onkar</i></span> is also the opening phrase of the <a href="/wiki/Mul_Mantar" title="Mul Mantar">Mul Mantar</a>, present as opening phrase in the <a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a>, and the first composition of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a> and the final salok is by <a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad" title="Guru Angad">Guru Angad</a>. Further, the Mul Mantar is also at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Japji_Sahib" title="Japji Sahib">Japji Sahib</a>, followed by 38 hymns and a final <a href="/wiki/Salok" class="mw-redirect" title="Salok">Salok</a> by <a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad" title="Guru Angad">Guru Angad</a> at the end of this composition.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p><span title="Punjabi-language text"><span lang="pa">ੴ ਸਤਿ ਨਾਮੁ ਕਰਤਾ ਪੁਰਖੁ ਨਿਰਭਉ ਨਿਰਵੈਰੁ ਅਕਾਲ ਮੂਰਤਿ ਅਜੂਨੀ ਸੈਭੰ ਗੁਰ ਪ੍ਰਸਾਦਿ ॥ ਜਪੁ।। ਆਦਿ ਸਚੁ ਜੁਗਾਦਿ ਸਚੁ ਹੈ ਭੀ ਸਚੁ।। ਨਾਨਕ ਹੋਸੀ ਭੀ ਸਚੁ।।</span></span><br /> <br />(<i>Ik Oankaar Sati nāmu karatā purakhu nirabha'u niravairu akāla mūrati ajūnī saibha gura prasādi. Japu.. Ādi sacu jugādi sacu hai bhī sacu.. Nānaka hōsī bhī sacu..</i>.) </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>This Being is one, truth by name, creator, fearless, without hatred, of timeless form, unborn, self-existent, and known by the Guru's grace.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ik_Onkar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #FFC600; padding:0.2em; font-size:140%;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda"><img alt="Khanda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/100px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/150px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/200px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:.35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhs" title="Category:Sikhs">Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sikhism" title="Outline of Sikhism">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Sikhism" title="Glossary of Sikhism">Glossary</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Sikh gurus</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad" title="Guru Angad">Guru Angad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das" title="Guru Ram Das">Guru Ram Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Guru Arjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai">Guru Har Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Bhagat" title="Bhagat"> <span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Selected revered saints</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Bhagat Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Ravidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Ravidas">Bhagat Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Farid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Farid">Bhagat Farid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Ramanand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhagat Ramanand">Bhagat Ramanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Beni" title="Bhagat Beni">Bhagat Beni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Bhagat Namdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Sadhana" title="Bhagat Sadhana">Bhagat Sadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Bhikhan" title="Bhagat Bhikhan">Bhagat Bhikhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Parmanand" title="Bhagat Parmanand">Bhagat Parmanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Sain" title="Bhagat Sain">Bhagat Sain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Dhanna" title="Bhagat Dhanna">Bhagat Dhanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Pipa" title="Bhagat Pipa">Bhagat Pipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Bhagat Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayadeva" title="Jayadeva">Bhagat Jaidev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Trilochan" title="Bhagat Trilochan">Bhagat Trilochan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Kalshar" title="Bhatt Kalshar">Bhatt Kalshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Balh" title="Bhatt Balh">Bhatt Balh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Bhalh" title="Bhatt Bhalh">Bhatt Bhalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Bhika" title="Bhatt Bhika">Bhatt Bhika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Gayand" title="Bhatt Gayand">Bhatt Gayand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Harbans" title="Bhatt Harbans">Bhatt Harbans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Jalap" title="Bhatt Jalap">Bhatt Jalap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Kirat" title="Bhatt Kirat">Bhatt Kirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Mathura" title="Bhatt Mathura">Bhatt Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Nalh" title="Bhatt Nalh">Bhatt Nalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Salh" title="Bhatt Salh">Bhatt Salh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Sunder" title="Baba Sunder">Baba Sundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satta_Doom" title="Satta Doom">Satta Doom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balvand_Rai" title="Balvand Rai">Balvand Rai</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_religious_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh religious philosophy"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Philosophy</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naam_Japo" title="Naam Japo">Naam Japo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Karo" title="Kirat Karo"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Kirat Karō</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vand_Chhako" title="Vand Chhako"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Vand Chakkō</i></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charhdi_Kala" class="mw-redirect" title="Charhdi Kala"><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Charhdi Kalā</i></span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granth" title="Guru Maneyo Granth">Guru Maneyo Granth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Thieves" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Thieves">Five Thieves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Virtues" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Virtues">Five Virtues</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_practices" title="Category:Sikh practices"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Practices</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Rehat_Maryada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Rehat Maryada">Sikh Rehat Maryada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitions_in_Sikhism" title="Prohibitions in Sikhism">Prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard%C4%81s" title="Ardās">Ardās</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Vel%C4%81" title="Amrit Velā">Amrit Velā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasvand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasvand">Dasvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Ks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Five Ks">The Five Ks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">Langar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_(Indian_religions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seva (Indian religions)">Sewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Simran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitnem" title="Nitnem">Nitnem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastar" title="Dastar">Dastar</a> (Turban)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Karan" title="Naam Karan">Naam Karan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Sanskar" title="Amrit Sanskar">Amrit Sanskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antam_Sanskar" title="Antam Sanskar">Antam Sanskar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_scripture" title="Category:Sikh scripture"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Scripture</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarbloh_Granth" title="Sarbloh Granth">Sarbloh Granth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Banis" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Banis">Five Banis</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_places" title="Category:Sikh places"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Places</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Takhts</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmandir_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmandir Sahib">Harmandir Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Keshgarh_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib">Keshgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Damdama_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Damdama Sahib">Damdama Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Patna Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Hazur_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht Sri Hazur Sahib">Hazur Sahib</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">General topics</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ik Onkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirgun_and_Sargun_(Sikhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirgun and Sargun (Sikhism)">Nirgun and Sargun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda (Sikh symbol)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_literature" title="Category:Sikh literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_music" title="Category:Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_names" title="Sikh names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism" title="Criticism of Sikhism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jathedar_of_Akal_Takht" class="mw-redirect" title="Jathedar of Akal Takht">Jathedar of Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamyudh_(Sikhism)" title="Dharamyudh (Sikhism)">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC600; padding:0.1em;;color: var(--color-base)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#000">Sikhism and other religions</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Sikhism and Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Sikhism and Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Sikhism" title="Jainism and Sikhism">Sikhism and Jainism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="border-top:1px solid #FFC600;border-bottom:1px solid #FFC600;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/16px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/24px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Template:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:300-year-old_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscripts_found_in_a_village_of_Maharashtra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/300-year-old_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscripts_found_in_a_village_of_Maharashtra.jpg/220px-300-year-old_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscripts_found_in_a_village_of_Maharashtra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/300-year-old_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscripts_found_in_a_village_of_Maharashtra.jpg/330px-300-year-old_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscripts_found_in_a_village_of_Maharashtra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/300-year-old_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscripts_found_in_a_village_of_Maharashtra.jpg/440px-300-year-old_Guru_Granth_Sahib_manuscripts_found_in_a_village_of_Maharashtra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>300-year-old <a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a> manuscript found in a village of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. The Ik Onkar (ੴ) written <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphically</a> is notable</figcaption></figure> <p><span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Ik Onkar</i></span> is the statement of oneness in <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, that is 'there is one God'.<sup id="cite_ref-wazirsingh_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wazirsingh-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sikhism_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sikhism-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Doniger" title="Wendy Doniger">Wendy Doniger</a>, the phrase is a compound of <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">ik</i></span> ("one" in Punjabi) and <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">onkar</i></span>, canonically understood in Sikhism to refer to the "absolute monotheistic unity of God".<sup id="cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-W_Ik_Onkar-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Etymologically, the word <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">onkar</i></span> denotes the sacred sound "<a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">om</a>" or the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_(philosophy)" title="Absolute (philosophy)">absolute</a> in a number of Indian religions.<sup id="cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-W_Ik_Onkar-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Sikhs give it an entirely different meaning.<sup id="cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-W_Ik_Onkar-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pashaura_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pashaura-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pashaura Singh writes that "the meaning of Oankar in the Sikh tradition is quite different in certain respects from the various interpretations of this word in the Indian philosophical traditions",<sup id="cite_ref-pashaura_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pashaura-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Sikhs "rather view Oankar as pointing to the distinctively Sikh theological emphasis on the ineffable quality of God, who is described as 'the Person beyond time,' the Eternal One, or 'the One without form'."<sup id="cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-W_Ik_Onkar-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Onkar</i></span> is, according to Wazir Singh, a "variation of Om (Aum) of the ancient Indian scriptures (with a slight change in its orthography), implying the seed-force that evolves as the universe."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a> wrote a poem entitled Oankar in which, states Doniger, he "attributed the origin and sense of speech to the Divinity, who is thus the Om-maker".<sup id="cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M-W_Ik_Onkar-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <div class="poem"> <p><span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Oankar</i></span> ('One, whose expression emerges as the primal sound') created <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a>. <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Oankar</i></span> fashioned the consciousness. From <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">oankar</i></span> came mountains and ages. <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Oankar</i></span> produced the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>. By the grace of <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">oankar</i></span>, people were saved through the divine word. By the grace of <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">oankar</i></span>, they were liberated through the teachings of the Guru. </p> </div> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ramakali Dakkhani, Adi Granth 929–930, Translated by Pashaura Singh<sup id="cite_ref-pashaura227_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pashaura227-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artwork_from_a_folio_of_a_Janamsakhi_manuscript_explaining_the_meaning_of_Ik_Onkar_using_a_traditional_theory,_involving_symbolism_from_Indic_deities.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Artwork_from_a_folio_of_a_Janamsakhi_manuscript_explaining_the_meaning_of_Ik_Onkar_using_a_traditional_theory%2C_involving_symbolism_from_Indic_deities.jpg/220px-Artwork_from_a_folio_of_a_Janamsakhi_manuscript_explaining_the_meaning_of_Ik_Onkar_using_a_traditional_theory%2C_involving_symbolism_from_Indic_deities.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Artwork_from_a_folio_of_a_Janamsakhi_manuscript_explaining_the_meaning_of_Ik_Onkar_using_a_traditional_theory%2C_involving_symbolism_from_Indic_deities.jpg/330px-Artwork_from_a_folio_of_a_Janamsakhi_manuscript_explaining_the_meaning_of_Ik_Onkar_using_a_traditional_theory%2C_involving_symbolism_from_Indic_deities.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Artwork_from_a_folio_of_a_Janamsakhi_manuscript_explaining_the_meaning_of_Ik_Onkar_using_a_traditional_theory%2C_involving_symbolism_from_Indic_deities.jpg/440px-Artwork_from_a_folio_of_a_Janamsakhi_manuscript_explaining_the_meaning_of_Ik_Onkar_using_a_traditional_theory%2C_involving_symbolism_from_Indic_deities.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>Artwork from a folio of a <a href="/wiki/Janamsakhis" title="Janamsakhis">Janamsakhi</a> manuscript explaining the meaning of Ik Onkar using a traditional theory, involving symbolism from <a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Indic deities</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pashaura Singh goes on to state, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"By beginning with 'One,' Guru Nanak emphasizes the singularity of the Divine. That is, the numeral '1' affirms that the Supreme Being is one without a second, the source as well as the goal of all that exists. That is quite evident from the following statement: 'My Master (<i>Sahib</i>) is the One. He is the One, brother, and He alone exists' (AG 350). In a particularly striking instance, Guru Arjan employs the cognates of the Punjabi word <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">ikk</i></span> ('One') five time in a single line of his Asa hymn to make an emphatic statement of oneness of the Supreme Being: 'By itself the One is just One, One and only One, and the One is the source of all creation.'<sup id="cite_ref-pashaura_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pashaura-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He also considers the process of <a href="/wiki/Reification_(knowledge_representation)" title="Reification (knowledge representation)">reification</a> of the concept of <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Ik Oankar</i></span> as having begun with the writings of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Guru Arjan</a> themselves,<sup id="cite_ref-Singh2000p257_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh2000p257-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the numeral ੧ (one) as emphasizing the unity of <a href="/wiki/Akal_Purakh" title="Akal Purakh">Akal Purakh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monotheistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotheistic">monotheistic</a> terms.<sup id="cite_ref-Singh2000p257_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh2000p257-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other common terms for the one supreme reality alongside <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Ik Oankar</i></span>, dating from the Gurus' time include the most commonly used term,<sup id="cite_ref-pashaura_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pashaura-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Akal_Purakh" title="Akal Purakh">Akal Purakh</a></i>, "Eternal One," in the sense of <i><a href="/wiki/Nirankar" title="Nirankar">Nirankar</a></i>, "the One without form," and <i><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></i> ("Wonderful Sovereign").<sup id="cite_ref-pashaura_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pashaura-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depictions">Depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ik_Onkar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Air_India" title="Air India">Air India</a> launched a direct flight from <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> to <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a> with the phrase <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">Ik Onkar</i></span> printed in golden colour with a red background, on the tail of a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_787_Dreamliner" title="Boeing 787 Dreamliner">Boeing 787 Dreamliner</a>. The plane was launched ahead of and in honour of the 550th anniversary of Guru Nanak’s birth.<sup id="cite_ref-NDTV_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDTV-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi_(Unicode_block)" title="Gurmukhi (Unicode block)">Gurmukhi</a> symbol ੴ is registered under just three <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">TLDs</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as <a href="/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign">verisign</a> supports gurmukhi letters in these TLDs <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ੴ.com">ੴ.com</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ੴ.net">ੴ.net</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ੴ.cc">ੴ.cc</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ik_Onkar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ik_Onkar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rose-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rose_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rose_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRose2012" class="citation book cs1">Rose, David (2012). <i>Sikhism photopack</i>. Fu Ltd. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85276-769-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85276-769-3"><bdi>978-1-85276-769-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikhism+photopack&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Fu+Ltd.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-85276-769-3&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGirardot1999" class="citation book cs1">Girardot, Norman (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC&pg=PA500"><i>Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a>. p. 500. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780877790440" title="Special:BookSources/9780877790440"><bdi>9780877790440</bdi></a>. <q>Oankar corresponds to the Sanskrit term Om.....Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikh tradition, wrote a long composition entitled "Oankar", in which he attributed the origin and sense of speech to the Divinity, who is thus the "Om Maker"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pages=500&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780877790440&rft.aulast=Girardot&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZP_f9icf2roC%26pg%3DPA500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Historical Dictionary of Sikhism (2nd ed.)</i>. p. 97. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Oankar' is actually a cognate of "Om" and can carry the same mystical meaning</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Sikhism+%282nd+ed.%29&rft.pages=97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOxtoby" class="citation book cs1">Oxtoby, Willard G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldreligionsea0000unse/page/190/mode/2up"><i>World Religions: Eastern Traditions</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 191. <q>On the other hand, Nanak refers to God as Onkar, 'the expression of Om', that is, of the sacred syllable of the Hindus, a conception that actively continues as Ik Onkar, 'the one om expression'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Religions%3A+Eastern+Traditions&rft.pages=191&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Oxtoby&rft.aufirst=Willard+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldreligionsea0000unse%2Fpage%2F190%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawley2004" class="citation book cs1">Hawley, John Stratton (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cj6iHwAACAAJ"><i>Songs of the Saints of India</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-569420-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-569420-8"><bdi>978-0-19-569420-8</bdi></a>. <q>It is the diagram that emerges when the first two words of the Adi Granth-words attributed to Nanak-are written together in Punjabi script. The words are ek omkar- "1 Omkar" or simply "1 OM"- and they are almost always interpreted as meaning that God, who is signified by the mysterious syllable OM, is one.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Songs+of+the+Saints+of+India&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-569420-8&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.aufirst=John+Stratton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCj6iHwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2009" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jagraj (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rFm9_Jc1ykcC&pg=PA204"><i>A Complete Guide to Sikhism</i></a>. Unistar Books. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171427543" title="Special:BookSources/9788171427543"><bdi>9788171427543</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Guide+to+Sikhism&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Unistar+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9788171427543&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jagraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrFm9_Jc1ykcC%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNayar2020" class="citation book cs1">Nayar, Dr Kamala Elizabeth (16 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4lbPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA129"><i>The Sikh View on Happiness Guru Arjan's Sukhmani</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781350139893" title="Special:BookSources/9781350139893"><bdi>9781350139893</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikh+View+on+Happiness+Guru+Arjan%27s+Sukhmani&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2020-04-16&rft.isbn=9781350139893&rft.aulast=Nayar&rft.aufirst=Dr+Kamala+Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4lbPDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120725085727/http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikhism1.asp">"Basic Articles"</a>. SGPC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sgpc.net/sikhism/sikhism1.asp">the original</a> on 25 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+Articles&rft.pub=SGPC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsgpc.net%2Fsikhism%2Fsikhism1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M-W_Ik_Onkar-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M-W_Ik_Onkar_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoniger1999" class="citation book cs1">Doniger, Wendy (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440"><i>Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a></span>. Merriam-Webster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440/page/500">500</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0"><bdi>978-0-87779-044-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pages=500&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-044-0&rft.aulast=Doniger&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780877790440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omniglot.com/language/numbers/punjabi.htm">"Numbers in Punjabi"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Numbers+in+Punjabi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomniglot.com%2Flanguage%2Fnumbers%2Fpunjabi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eeVa-PY9ws">"Mool Mantar Part 1 Ik"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Mool+Mantar+Part+1+Ik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D1eeVa-PY9ws&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230501/http://www.shabdkosh.com/pa/translate?e=%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95&l=pa">"ਇੱਕ - meaning in English"</a>. <i>Shabdkosh</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shabdkosh.com/pa/translate?e=%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95&l=pa">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shabdkosh&rft.atitle=%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95+-+meaning+in+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shabdkosh.com%2Fpa%2Ftranslate%3Fe%3D%25E0%25A8%2587%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%2595%26l%3Dpa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dogra, Ramesh Chander, and Gobind Singh Mansukhani. <i>Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture</i>. pp 138–39: "Ek-Omkār / Ik-Omkār / Ekankār It is from the Sanskrit word Omkar. The mystic name of God. It is used at the beginning of prayers and holy recitations, and also at the beginning of writing respectful salutations. The unmanifest, God in power, the holy word, the primal manifestation of Godhead by which and in which all live, move and have their being and by which all find a way back to Absolute God. God is the Supreme Reality. His other name is 'Sat Nām'. The Sikhs meditate on God as Ek-Omkar, and not in any other way like worship of idols “Rām Nām Jap Ek-Omkar". (GGS, p. 185) Ek Omkar is the Transcendent Lord of entire creation, who existed before the creation and who alone will survive the creation. (GGS, pp. 296 and 930, and Bhai Gurdas Var, 4011.)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Rose2003" class="citation book cs1">David Rose, Gill Rose (2003). <i>Sacred Texts photopack</i>. Folens Limited. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84303-443-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84303-443-3"><bdi>1-84303-443-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Texts+photopack&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Folens+Limited&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-84303-443-3&rft.aulast=David+Rose&rft.aufirst=Gill+Rose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Signs and Symbols</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/DK_(publisher)" title="DK (publisher)">Dorling Kindersley</a>, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B0%2B2413%2B8704%2B7" title="Special:BookSources/978+0+2413+8704+7">978 0 2413 8704 7</a>. p. 185. "Ek Onkar Meaning 'God is one', these first two words in the Guru Granth Sahib are the ones most repeated by Sikhs. They are one of the cornerstones of Sikhism, and in their written form make up one of the most famous symbols of the Sikh religion."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions</i>. 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-491-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-491-2">978-1-59339-491-2</a>. p. 500: "IK OANKAR (Punjabi: 'God is One'), expression or invocation that opens the ADI GRANTH, the primary SCRIPTURE of SIKHISM. The expression is a compound of the numeral 1 and the letter that represents the sound “o” in Gurmukhi, the writing system developed by the Sikhs for their sacred literature. Referring to the Sikh understanding of the absolute monotheistic unity of God, the expression is the central symbol of Sikhism."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/W._H._McLeod" title="W. H. McLeod">McLeod, W. H.</a> 2005. <i>Historical Dictionary of Sikhism</i> (2nd ed.), Lanham, MD: Scarecrow. p. 97: "IK-OANKAR. A popular emblem used by Sikhs, a combination of the Gurmukhi figure 1 and the letter O, taken from the Adi Granth, where it is employed as the first part of various invocations. It represents the unity of God ('One Oankar' or One Being). The emblem is a common feature of Sikh logos and frequently appears on buildings, clothing, books, letterheads, and so on. 'Oankar' is actually a cognate of “Om” and can carry the same mystical meaning. Many Sikhs, however, object to any suggestion that they are the same word. For them 'Om' is Hindu whereas 'Oankar' is Sikh."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arvind Mandair (2008), <i>Shared Idioms, Sacred Symbols, and the Articulation of Identities in South Asia</i> (Editor: Kelly Pemberton), Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415958288" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415958288">978-0415958288</a>, page 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNesbitt2018" class="citation cs2">Nesbitt, Eleanor (2018), "Sikhism", <i>The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology</i>, Oxford, UK: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 1–12, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118924396.wbiea2186">10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2186</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-65722-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-65722-5"><bdi>978-0-470-65722-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sikhism&rft.btitle=The+International+Encyclopedia+of+Anthropology&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=1-12&rft.pub=Wiley+Blackwell&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118924396.wbiea2186&rft.isbn=978-0-470-65722-5&rft.aulast=Nesbitt&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wazirsingh-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wazirsingh_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1969" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Wazir (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rWM9AAAAIAAJ&q=substitute+ekankar"><i>Aspects of Guru Nanak's philosophy</i></a>. Lahore Book Shop. p. 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-17</span></span>. <q>the 'a,' 'u,' and 'm' of aum have also been explained as signifying the three principles of creation, sustenance and annihilation. ... aumkār in relation to existence implies plurality, ... but its substitute Ekonkar definitely implies singularity in spite of the seeming multiplicity of existence. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Guru+Nanak%27s+philosophy&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Lahore+Book+Shop&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Wazir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrWM9AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dsubstitute%2Bekankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sikhism-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sikhism_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh,_Khushwant2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Singh" title="Khushwant Singh">Singh, Khushwant</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5LSvkQvvmAMC&pg=PA114">"The Sikhs"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kitagawa" title="Joseph Kitagawa">Kitagawa, Joseph Mitsuo</a> (ed.). <i>The Religious Traditions of Asia: religion, history, and culture</i>. London: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7007-1762-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7007-1762-5"><bdi>0-7007-1762-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sikhs&rft.btitle=The+Religious+Traditions+of+Asia%3A+religion%2C+history%2C+and+culture&rft.place=London&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7007-1762-5&rft.au=Singh%2C+Khushwant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5LSvkQvvmAMC%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pashaura-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pashaura_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pashaura_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pashaura_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pashaura_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pashaura_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pashaura_Singh_(Sikh_scholar)" title="Pashaura Singh (Sikh scholar)">Singh, Pashaura</a>. 2014. <i>The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies</i>, editors by P. Singh and L. E. Fenech. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199699308" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199699308">978-0199699308</a>. p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"It should be however, be emphasized that the meaning of <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa">oankar</i></span> in the Sikh tradition is quite different in certain respects from the various interpretations of this word in the Indian philosophical traditions." (Pashaura Singh 2006: 247)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wazir Singh (1969), Guru Nanak's philosophy, <i>Journal of Religious Studies</i>, Vol. 1, Issue 1, page 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pashaura227-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pashaura227_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pashaura Singh (2014), in <i>The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies</i> (Editors: Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech), Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199699308" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199699308">978-0199699308</a>, page 227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh2000p257-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Singh2000p257_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singh2000p257_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPashaura_Singh2000" class="citation book cs1">Pashaura Singh (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HMvXAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-564894-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-564894-2"><bdi>978-0-19-564894-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guru+Granth+Sahib%3A+Canon%2C+Meaning+and+Authority&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-564894-2&rft.au=Pashaura+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHMvXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NDTV-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NDTV_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/air-india-paints-sikh-symbol-on-aircraft-in-tribute-to-guru-nanak-2123647">"Air India Paints Sikh Symbol On Aircraft In Tribute To Guru Nanak"</a>. <i>NDTV.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV.com&rft.atitle=Air+India+Paints+Sikh+Symbol+On+Aircraft+In+Tribute+To+Guru+Nanak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fair-india-paints-sikh-symbol-on-aircraft-in-tribute-to-guru-nanak-2123647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whoxy.com/xn--2cc.com">"Xn--2cc.com [Whois Lookup & Whois History]"</a>. <i>www.whoxy.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.whoxy.com&rft.atitle=Xn--2cc.com+%5BWhois+Lookup+%26+Whois+History%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whoxy.com%2Fxn--2cc.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whoxy.com/xn--2cc.net">"Xn--2cc.net [Whois Lookup & Whois History]"</a>. <i>www.whoxy.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.whoxy.com&rft.atitle=Xn--2cc.net+%5BWhois+Lookup+%26+Whois+History%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whoxy.com%2Fxn--2cc.net&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whoxy.com/xn--2cc.cc">"Xn--2cc.cc [Whois Lookup & Whois History]"</a>. <i>www.whoxy.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.whoxy.com&rft.atitle=Xn--2cc.cc+%5BWhois+Lookup+%26+Whois+History%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whoxy.com%2Fxn--2cc.cc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreshworks" class="citation web cs1">Freshworks, Faye for. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.opensrs.com/support/solutions/articles/201000063443-internationalized-domain-name-registrations">"Internationalized domain name registrations"</a>. <i>OpenSRS Customer Support</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenSRS+Customer+Support&rft.atitle=Internationalized+domain+name+registrations&rft.aulast=Freshworks&rft.aufirst=Faye+for&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.opensrs.com%2Fsupport%2Fsolutions%2Farticles%2F201000063443-internationalized-domain-name-registrations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIk+Onkar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ik_Onkar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikhism" title="Template talk:Sikhism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikhism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sikhism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600;font-weight:bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Sikhism" title="Glossary of Sikhism">Glossary</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_gurus" title="Sikh gurus">Gurus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak" title="Guru Nanak">Guru Nanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Angad" title="Guru Angad">Guru Angad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Amar_Das" title="Guru Amar Das">Guru Amar Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Ram_Das" title="Guru Ram Das">Guru Ram Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Guru Arjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Hargobind" title="Guru Hargobind">Guru Hargobind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Rai" title="Guru Har Rai">Guru Har Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a> (Sikh holy book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh philosophy">Beliefs and principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granth" title="Guru Maneyo Granth">Guru Maneyo Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Rehat_Maryada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh Rehat Maryada">Sikh Rehat Maryada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_52_Hukams_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="The 52 Hukams of Guru Gobind Singh">The 52 Hukams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitions_in_Sikhism" title="Prohibitions in Sikhism">Prohibitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_Sikhism" title="Cannabis and Sikhism">Cannabis and Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Diet in Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_practices" title="Category:Sikh practices">Practices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_practices" title="Sikh practices">Sikh practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_rites" title="Sikh rites">Sikh rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard%C4%81s" title="Ardās">Ardās</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langar_(Sikhism)" title="Langar (Sikhism)">Langar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Karan" title="Naam Karan">Naam Karan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Karaj" title="Anand Karaj">Anand Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Sanchar" class="mw-redirect" title="Amrit Sanchar">Amrit Sanchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Vel%C4%81" title="Amrit Velā">Amrit Velā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antam_Sanskar" title="Antam Sanskar">Antam Sanskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_pillars_of_Sikhism" title="Three pillars of Sikhism">Three Pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Karo" title="Kirat Karo">Kirat Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Japo" title="Naam Japo">Naam Japo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vand_Chhako" title="Vand Chhako">Vand Chhako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Ks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Five Ks">The Five Ks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simran" title="Simran">Simran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seva_(Indian_religions)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seva (Indian religions)">Sewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charhdi_Kala" class="mw-redirect" title="Charhdi Kala">Charhdi Kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasvand" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasvand">Dasvand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhatka" title="Jhatka">Jhatka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_scripture" title="Category:Sikh scripture">Scripture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Granth_Sahib" title="Guru Granth Sahib">Guru Granth Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbloh_Granth" title="Sarbloh Granth">Sarbloh Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurbani" title="Gurbani">Gurbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mul_Mantar" title="Mul Mantar">Mul Mantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japji_Sahib" title="Japji Sahib">Japji Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaupai_(Sikhism)" title="Chaupai (Sikhism)">Chaupai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Sahib" title="Jaap Sahib">Jaap Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehras" title="Rehras">Rehras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhmani_Sahib" title="Sukhmani Sahib">Sukhmani Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tav-Prasad_Savaiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Tav-Prasad Savaiye">Tav-Prasad Savaiye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_architecture" title="Sikh architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Temple" title="Golden Temple">Harmandir Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Janam_Asthan" title="Gurdwara Janam Asthan">Janam Asthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Darbar_Sahib_Kartarpur" title="Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur">Darbar Sahib Kartarpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras" title="List of gurdwaras">List</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Africa" title="List of gurdwaras">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Asia" title="List of gurdwaras">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#Europe" title="List of gurdwaras">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gurdwaras#North_America" title="List of gurdwaras">North America</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadurgarh_Fort" title="Bahadurgarh Fort">Bahadurgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fateh_Burj" title="Fateh Burj">Fateh Burj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazuri_Bagh_Baradari" title="Hazuri Bagh Baradari">Hazuri Bagh Baradari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesgarh_Qila" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesgarh Qila">Kesgarh Qila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Khanda museum">Khanda museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Bagh_Palace" title="Moti Bagh Palace">Moti Bagh Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanak_Shahi_bricks" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanak Shahi bricks">Nanak Shahi bricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pul_Kanjri" title="Pul Kanjri">Pul Kanjri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qila_Mubarak,_Patiala" title="Qila Mubarak, Patiala">Qila Mubarak, Patiala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramgarhia_Bunga" title="Ramgarhia Bunga">Ramgarhia Bunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_of_Ranjit_Singh" title="Samadhi of Ranjit Singh">Samadhi of Ranjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Dina_Nath" title="Well of Dina Nath">Well of Dina Nath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_by_country" title="Sikhism by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Afghanistan" title="Sikhism in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Australia" title="Sikhism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Austria" title="Sikhism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Bangladesh" title="Sikhism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Belgium" title="Sikhism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Canada" title="Sikhism in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Greater_Vancouver" title="Sikhism in Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_China" title="Sikhism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Denmark" title="Sikhism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Fiji" title="Sikhism in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Finland" title="Sikhism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_France" title="Sikhism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Germany" title="Sikhism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Greece" title="Sikhism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_India" title="Sikhism in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Sikhism in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Sikhs" title="Cochin Sikhs">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Punjab,_India#Sikhism_in_Punjab" title="Demographics of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Indonesia" title="Sikhism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Iran" title="Sikhism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Iraq" title="Sikhism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Italy" title="Sikhism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Japan" title="Sikhism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Malaysia" title="Sikhism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Nepal" title="Sikhism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sikhism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Sikhism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikhism in Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Norway" title="Sikhism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Pakistan" title="Sikhism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Panama" title="Sikhism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Poland" title="Sikhism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Singapore" title="Sikhism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Africa" title="Sikhism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_South_Korea" title="Sikhism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Sweden" title="Sikhism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Switzerland" title="Sikhism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Thailand" title="Sikhism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Sikhism in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sikhism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_England" title="Sikhism in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Scotland" title="Sikhism in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Wales" title="Sikhism in Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Sikhism in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sikhs in the United States military">U.S. Military</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Groups, sects<br />and communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects of Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina_(Sikhism)" title="Mina (Sikhism)">Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdhari" title="Namdhari">Namdhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakpanthi" title="Nanakpanthi">Nanakpanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihang" title="Nihang">Nihang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirankari" title="Nirankari">Nirankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewapanthi" title="Sewapanthi">Sewapanthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_(sect)" title="Nirmala (sect)">Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramraiya" title="Ramraiya">Ramraiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udasi" title="Udasi">Udasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhabi_Sikh" title="Mazhabi Sikh">Mazhabi Sikh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piara_Singh_Bhaniara" title="Piara Singh Bhaniara">Piara Singh Bhaniara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrahari_Sikh" title="Agrahari Sikh">Agrahari Sikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatha" title="Jatha">Jatha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damdami_Taksal" title="Damdami Taksal">Damdami Taksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhand_Kirtani_Jatha" title="Akhand Kirtani Jatha">Akhand Kirtani Jatha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singh_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Singh Sabha">Singh Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Contemporary Sant Mat movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3HO" title="3HO">3HO</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sikh_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sikh_Empire" title="Template:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sikh_Empire" title="Template talk:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sikh_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sikh Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sikh_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharak_Singh" title="Kharak Singh">Kharak Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nau_Nihal_Singh" title="Nau Nihal Singh">Nau Nihal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chand_Kaur" title="Chand Kaur">Chand Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh" title="Sher Singh">Sher Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jind_Kaur" title="Jind Kaur">Jind Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duleep_Singh" title="Duleep Singh">Duleep Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Military<br />conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mughal-Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal-Sikh Wars">Mughal-Sikh Wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhangani" title="Battle of Bhangani">Battle of Bhangani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nadaun" title="Battle of Nadaun">Nadaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basoli" title="Battle of Basoli">Basoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Anandpur">1st Anandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Anandpur">2nd Anandpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamkaur_(1704)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamkaur (1704)">Chamkaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarsa" title="Battle of Sarsa">Sarsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muktsar" title="Battle of Muktsar">Muktsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sonepat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sonepat">Sonepat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samana" title="Battle of Samana">Samana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sirhind" title="Siege of Sirhind">Sirhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadhaura" title="Battle of Sadhaura">Sadhaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chappar_Chiri" title="Battle of Chappar Chiri">Chappar Chiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rahon_(1710)" title="Battle of Rahon (1710)">Rahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lohgarh" title="Battle of Lohgarh">Lohgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jalalabad_(1710)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jalalabad (1710)">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jammu" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jammu">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gurdas_Nangal" title="Battle of Gurdas Nangal">Gurdas Nangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1783)" title="Battle of Delhi (1783)">Delhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Sikh_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan–Sikh wars">Afghan–Sikh wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attock" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Attock">Battle of Attock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Multan" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Multan">Battle of Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shopian" title="Battle of Shopian">Battle of Shopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nowshera" title="Battle of Nowshera">Battle of Nowshera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peshawar_(1834)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Peshawar (1834)">Battle of Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jamrud" title="Battle of Jamrud">Battle of Jamrud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mudki" title="Battle of Mudki">Battle of Mudki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ferozeshah" title="Battle of Ferozeshah">Battle of Ferozeshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aliwal" title="Battle of Aliwal">Battle of Aliwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sobraon" title="Battle of Sobraon">Battle of Sobraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramnagar" title="Battle of Ramnagar">Battle of Ramnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chillianwala" title="Battle of Chillianwala">Battle of Chillianwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Multan_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="Siege of Multan (1848–1849)">Siege of Multan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gujrat" title="Battle of Gujrat">Battle of Gujrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepal–Sikh War">Nepal–Sikh War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dogra%E2%80%93Tibetan_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogra–Tibetan War">Sino-Sikh war</a>, Katoch–Sikh War, <a href="/wiki/Hill_States%E2%80%93Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill States–Sikh Wars">Hill States–Sikh Wars</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panchayati_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panchayati Revolution (page does not exist)">Panchayati Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Sikh_Empire" title="List of battles involving the Sikh Empire">List of battles involving the Sikh Empire</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Military forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Khalsa_Army" title="Sikh Khalsa Army">Sikh Khalsa Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauj-i-Khas" title="Fauj-i-Khas">Fauj-i-Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauj-i-Ain" title="Fauj-i-Ain">Fauj-i-Ain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampu-i-mu%27alla" title="Kampu-i-mu'alla">Kampu-i-mu'alla</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Adversaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">British East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Kingdom of Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_States_of_India" title="Hill States of India">Hill States Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mankera" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Mankera">Kingdom of Mankera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namgyal_dynasty_of_Ladakh" title="Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh">Namgyal dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barakzai_dynasty" title="Barakzai dynasty">Barakzai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhan" title="Sudhan">Sudhans</a> of Poonch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqpon_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqpon Dynasty">Maqpon Dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamrud_Fort" title="Jamrud Fort">Jamrud Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan_Fort" title="Multan Fort">Multan Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harkishangarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Harkishangarh">Harkishangarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Fort" title="Lahore Fort">Lahore Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Fort" title="Zorawar Fort">Zorawar Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahu_Fort" title="Bahu Fort">Bahu Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobindgarh_Fort" title="Gobindgarh Fort">Gobindgarh Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillaur_Fort" title="Phillaur Fort">Phillaur Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Officials and warriors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Natives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhian_Singh" title="Dhian Singh">Dhian Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Dina_Nath" title="Diwan Dina Nath">Diwan Dina Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Bhawani_Das" title="Diwan Bhawani Das">Diwan Bhawani Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Buta_Singh" title="Diwan Buta Singh">Diwan Buta Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Singh_(Sikh_prince)" title="Pratap Singh (Sikh prince)">Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misr_Diwan_Chand" title="Misr Diwan Chand">Misr Diwan Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Mulraj_Chopra" title="Diwan Mulraj Chopra">Diwan Mulraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh_Nalwa" title="Hari Singh Nalwa">Hari Singh Nalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahan_Singh_Mirpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahan Singh Mirpuri">Mahan Singh Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Mokham_Chand" title="Dewan Mokham Chand">Dewan Mokham Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushal_Singh_Jamadar" title="Khushal Singh Jamadar">Khushal Singh Jamadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Singh_(Dogra_general)" title="Zorawar Singh (Dogra general)">Zorawar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tej_Singh" title="Tej Singh">Tej Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Singh" title="Lal Singh">Lal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulab_Singh" title="Gulab Singh">Gulab Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbhadra_Kunwar" title="Balbhadra Kunwar">Balbhadra Kunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Singh_(wazir)" title="Jawahar Singh (wazir)">Jawahar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehta_Basti_Ram" title="Mehta Basti Ram">Mehta Basti Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_Singh_Attariwalla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sham Singh Attariwalla">Sham Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sher_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Sher Singh Attariwalla">Sher Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattar_Singh_Attariwalla" title="Chattar Singh Attariwalla">Chattar Singh Attariwalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Singh_Majithia" title="Amar Singh Majithia">Amar Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehna_Singh_Majithia" title="Lehna Singh Majithia">Lehna Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjodh_Singh_Majithia" title="Ranjodh Singh Majithia">Ranjodh Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Singh" title="Surat Singh">Surat Singh Majithia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Singh_Ramgarhia" title="Mangal Singh Ramgarhia">Mangal Singh Ramgarhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akali_Phula_Singh" title="Akali Phula Singh">Akali Phula Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandu_Lal" title="Chandu Lal">Chandu Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_Sandhawalia" title="Ajit Singh Sandhawalia">Ajit Singh Sandhawalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahan_Singh_Nakai" title="Kahan Singh Nakai">Kahan Singh Nakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangat_Singh_Saini" title="Sangat Singh Saini">Sangat Singh Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Hukma_Singh" title="Sardar Hukma Singh">Hukma Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer_Singh_Dhillon" title="Veer Singh Dhillon">Veer Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarnail_Ghaus_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jarnail Ghaus Khan">Jarnail Ghaus Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilahi_Bakhsh" title="Ilahi Bakhsh">Ilahi Bakhsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakir_Azizuddin" title="Fakir Azizuddin">Fakir Azizuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mahmud_Khan" title="Sultan Mahmud Khan">Sultan Mahmud Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Fateh_Khan_Tiwana" title="Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana">Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_Lal_Suri" title="Sohan Lal Suri">Sohan Lal Suri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moti_Ram" title="Moti Ram">Moti Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Ram_Dayal" title="Diwan Ram Dayal">Diwan Ram Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwan_Kirpa_Ram" title="Diwan Kirpa Ram">Diwan Kirpa Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Foreigners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Allard" title="Jean-François Allard">Jean-François Allard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Ventura" title="Jean-Baptiste Ventura">Jean-Baptiste Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Auguste_Court" title="Claude Auguste Court">Claude Auguste Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Henri_Mouton" title="François Henri Mouton">François Henri Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gardner_(soldier)" title="Alexander Gardner (soldier)">Alexander Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Avitabile" title="Paolo Avitabile">Paolo Avitabile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Harlan" title="Josiah Harlan">Josiah Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Martin_Honigberger" title="Johann Martin Honigberger">Johann Martin Honigberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lawrence_(Indian_Army_officer)" title="Henry Lawrence (Indian Army officer)">Henry Lawrence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Influential families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandhawalia" title="Sandhawalia">Sandhawalia family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majithia_family" title="Majithia family">Majithia family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwana_family_of_Shahpur" title="Tiwana family of Shahpur">Tiwana family</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amritsar_(1809)" title="Treaty of Amritsar (1809)">Treaty of Amritsar (1809)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Treaty_(1838)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tripartite Treaty (1838)">Tripartite Treaty (1838)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Chushul" title="Treaty of Chushul">Treaty of Chushul (1842)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lahore" title="Treaty of Lahore">Treaty of Lahore (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amritsar_(1846)" title="Treaty of Amritsar (1846)">Treaty of Amritsar (1846)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa_Darbar_records" title="Khalsa Darbar records">Khalsa Darbar records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikh_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandi_Chhor_Divas" title="Bandi Chhor Divas">Bandi Chhor Divas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hola_Mohalla" title="Hola Mohalla">Hola Mohalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghi" title="Maghi">Maghi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mela_Maghi" title="Mela Maghi">Mela Maghi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">Other topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sikhism" title="History of Sikhism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_culture" title="Sikh culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_art" title="Sikh art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_music" title="Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ik Onkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waheguru" title="Waheguru">Waheguru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(Sikh_symbol)" title="Khanda (Sikh symbol)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_Sikhism" title="Category:Films about Sikhism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_literature" title="Category:Sikh literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_music" title="Category:Sikh music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_names" title="Sikh names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_places" title="Category:Sikh places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikh_politics" title="Category:Sikh politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_British_Indian_Army" title="Sikhs in the British Indian Army">Sikhs in the British Indian Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/11th_Sikh_Regiment" title="11th Sikh Regiment">11th Sikh Regiment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Regiment" title="Sikh Regiment">Sikh Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Light_Infantry" title="Sikh Light Infantry">Sikh Light Infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fariduddin_Ganjshakar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fariduddin Ganjshakar">Fariduddin Ganjshakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar" title="Sardar">Sardar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastar" title="Dastar">Dastar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamyudh_(Sikhism)" title="Dharamyudh (Sikhism)">Dharamyudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Sikhism" title="Jainism and Sikhism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rama_in_Sikhism" title="Rama in Sikhism">Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhs" title="Category:Sikhs">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Sikhism" title="Women in Sikhism">Women in Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_and_sexual_orientation" title="Sikhism and sexual orientation">Sikhism and sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_Sikhism" title="Category:Fiction about Sikhism">In Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idolatry_in_Sikhism" title="Idolatry in Sikhism">Idolatry in Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Sikhism" title="Criticism of Sikhism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Punjab">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhi script">Gurmukhī</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_trees_in_Sikhism" title="Sacred trees in Sikhism">Sacred trees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panj_Takht" title="Panj Takht">Takht</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akal_Takht" title="Akal Takht">Akal Takht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Damdama_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Damdama Sahib">Damdama Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Kesgarh_Sahib" title="Takht Kesgarh Sahib">Kesgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazur_Sahib_Nanded" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazur Sahib Nanded">Hazur Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Patna Sahib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Sikhism" title="Outline of Sikhism">Outline</a> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sikhism" title="Category:Sikhism">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Names_of_God" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Names_of_God" title="Template:Names of God"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Names_of_God" title="Template talk:Names of God"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Names_of_God" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Names of God"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Names_of_God" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahasranama" title="Sahasranama">In Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101_Names_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="101 Names of God">In Zoroastrianism</a></li> <li>Abrahamic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_names_for_the_God_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Chinese names for the God of Abrahamic religions">In Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Christianity" title="Names of God in Christianity">In Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">In Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">In Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi#Names" title="Hayyi Rabbi">In Mandaeism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adon" title="Adon">Adonai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ahura Mazda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khuda" title="Khuda">Khuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvardigar" title="Parvardigar">Parvardigar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atum" title="Atum">Atum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathala" title="Bathala">Bathala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavan" title="Bhagavan">Bhagavan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> 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title="Chukwu">Chukwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deus" title="Deus">Deus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devla" title="Devla">Devla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Sof" title="Ein Sof">Ein Sof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyon" title="Elyon">El Elyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai" title="El Shaddai">El Shaddai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">God the Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">God the Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spirit" title="Great Spirit">Great Spirit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manitou" title="Manitou">Manitou</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gitche_Manitou" title="Gitche Manitou">Gitche Manitou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakan_Tanka" title="Wakan Tanka">Wakan Tanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haneunim" title="Haneunim">Haneunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huwa" title="Huwa">Huwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyang" title="Hyang">Hyang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acintya" title="Acintya">Acintya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanghyang_Adi_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanghyang Adi Buddha">Sanghyang Adi Buddha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsistos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypsistos">Hypsistos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_that_I_Am" title="I Am that I Am">I Am that I Am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahbulon" title="Jahbulon">Jahbulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_SubGenius" title="Church of the SubGenius">Jehovah 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawu" title="Mawu">Mawu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulungu" title="Mulungu">Mulungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngai" title="Ngai">Ngai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyame" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyame">Nyame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nzambi_a_Mpungu" title="Nzambi a Mpungu">Nzambi a Mpungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olodumare" class="mw-redirect" title="Olodumare">Olodumare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cl%E1%BB%8Drun" title="Ọlọrun">Ọlọrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Olofi">Olofi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osanobua" title="Osanobua">Osanobua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Shen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian" title="Tian">Tian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianzhu_(Chinese_name_of_God)" title="Tianzhu (Chinese name of God)">Tianzhu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Invictus" title="Sol Invictus">Sol 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