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Ruum – Vikipeedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Filosoofia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosoofia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Filosoofia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filosoofia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa &quot;Filosoofia&quot;</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filosoofia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Locke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Locke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Locke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Locke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hume" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hume"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Hume</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hume-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ruumi_idee_lõpmatu_jagatavus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruumi_idee_lõpmatu_jagatavus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Ruumi idee lõpmatu jagatavus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruumi_idee_lõpmatu_jagatavus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruumi_lõpmatu_jagatavus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruumi_lõpmatu_jagatavus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Ruumi lõpmatu jagatavus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruumi_lõpmatu_jagatavus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruumi_idee_teised_kvaliteedid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruumi_idee_teised_kvaliteedid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Ruumi idee teised kvaliteedid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruumi_idee_teised_kvaliteedid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vastused_vastuväidetele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vastused_vastuväidetele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Vastused vastuväidetele</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vastused_vastuväidetele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Esimene_vastuväide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esimene_vastuväide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4.1</span> <span>Esimene vastuväide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esimene_vastuväide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teine_vastuväide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teine_vastuväide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4.2</span> <span>Teine vastuväide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teine_vastuväide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 98 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raum_(Physik)" title="Raum (Physik) – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Raum (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="مكان (فيزياء) – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مكان (فيزياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տարածութիւն – läänearmeenia" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տարածութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="läänearmeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7" title="فضا – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فضا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruang" title="Ruang – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ruang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruang" title="Ruang – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ruang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="স্থান (পদার্থ বিজ্ঞান) – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্থান (পদার্থ বিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%9E_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Прастора ў фізіцы – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прастора ў фізіцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Прастора – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прастора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="स्पेस – bihaari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="स्पेस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raum" title="Raum – baieri" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Raum" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="baieri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostor" title="Prostor – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Prostor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Пространство – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пространство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espai" title="Espai – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%C3%A7%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Уçлăх (физика) – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Уçлăх (физика)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostor_(fyzika)" title="Prostor (fyzika) – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prostor (fyzika)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gofod_(ehangder)" title="Gofod (ehangder) – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gofod (ehangder)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raum_(Physik)" title="Raum (Physik) – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Raum (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Χώρος – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χώρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space" title="Space – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Space" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espacio_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Espacio (física) – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espacio (física)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaco" title="Spaco – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Spaco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espaciu_f%C3%ADsicu" title="Espaciu físicu – estremenju" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Espaciu físicu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremenju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espazio" title="Espazio – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7" title="فضا – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فضا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espace_(notion)" title="Espace (notion) – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espace (notion)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romte_(natuerkunde)" title="Romte (natuerkunde) – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Romte (natuerkunde)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1s" title="Spás – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Spás" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A0nas" title="Fànas – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fànas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espazo" title="Espazo – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Espazo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B0%84" title="공간 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공간" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Տարածություն – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տարածություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D" title="दिक् – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दिक्" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostor" title="Prostor – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prostor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatio" title="Spatio – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Spatio" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umkhathi" title="Umkhathi – suulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umkhathi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="suulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAm_(e%C3%B0lisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i)" title="Rúm (eðlisfræði) – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúm (eðlisfræði)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spazio_(fisica)" title="Spazio (fisica) – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spazio (fisica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%91_(%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="מרחב (פיזיקה) – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מרחב (פיזיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94" title="სივრცე – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სივრცე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Кеңістік (физика) – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кеңістік (физика)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8spas_(nosyon)" title="Lèspas (nosyon) – Guajaana kreoolkeel" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lèspas (nosyon)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guajaana kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valah%C3%AE" title="Valahî – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Valahî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatium" title="Spatium – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Spatium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telpa" title="Telpa – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Telpa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdv%C4%97" title="Erdvė – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Erdvė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spassio_(fixica)" title="Spassio (fixica) – liguuri" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Spassio (fixica)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasio_(fisica)" title="Spasio (fisica) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Spasio (fisica)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9r_(fizika)" title="Tér (fizika) – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tér (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Простор – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Простор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erana_(je%C3%B4metria)" title="Erana (jeômetria) – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Erana (jeômetria)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A4" title="സ്ഥൂലത – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്ഥൂലത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6" title="अवकाश – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अवकाश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Огторгуй – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Огторгуй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E" title="အာကာသ – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာကာသ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanualala" title="Vanualala – fidži" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vanualala" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidži" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruimte_(natuurkunde)" title="Ruimte (natuurkunde) – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruimte (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="空間 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="空間" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rom_(fysikk)" title="Rom (fysikk) – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rom (fysikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espaci" title="Espaci – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Espaci" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazo" title="Fazo – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fazo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਵਿਸਥਾਰ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਸਥਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="فضاء – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فضاء" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spies" title="Spies – Jamaica kreoolkeel" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Spies" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaica kreoolkeel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przestrze%C5%84_(fizyka)" title="Przestrzeń (fizyka) – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przestrzeń (fizyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%A7o_f%C3%ADsico" title="Espaço físico – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espaço físico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spa%C8%9Biu" title="Spațiu – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spațiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Пространство в физике – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пространство в физике" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/kakitidaan" title="kakitidaan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="kakitidaan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A0tziu" title="Spàtziu – sardi" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Spàtziu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hap%C3%ABsira" title="Hapësira – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hapësira" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BA" title="අවකාශය – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අවකාශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_(physics)" title="Space (physics) – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Space (physics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%BF%D9%8A" title="وٿي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="وٿي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestor_(fyzika)" title="Priestor (fyzika) – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Priestor (fyzika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostor" title="Prostor – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Prostor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="بۆشایی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆشایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Простор – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Простор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostor" title="Prostor – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prostor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohang" title="Rohang – sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rohang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikaalinen_avaruus" title="Fysikaalinen avaruus – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fysikaalinen avaruus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rum_(fysik)" title="Rum (fysik) – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rum (fysik)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="பரவெளி – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பரவெளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Фәза – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Фәза" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%82" title="అంతరిక్షం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అంతరిక్షం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4" title="ปริภูมิ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปริภูมิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B4ng_gian" title="Không gian – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Không gian" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE" title="Фазо – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фазо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%A2%E1%8F%85%E1%8F%9B" title="ᎤᏢᏅᏛ – tšerokii" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏢᏅᏛ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="tšerokii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzay_(geometri)" title="Uzay (geometri) – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uzay (geometri)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80" title="Простір – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Простір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial" title="Spatial – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="Spatial" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA" title="空 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="空" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="空间 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="空间" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="געשפרייט – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="געשפרייט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="空間 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="空間" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluotmie" title="Pluotmie – žemaidi" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Pluotmie" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" title="空間 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="空間" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruum" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Ruum" rel="discussion" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Muuda keelevarianti" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">eesti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="vaatamisi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruum"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=history" title="Selle lehekülje varasemad redaktsioonid [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tööriistad" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tööriistad</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tööriistad</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">peida</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Veel võimalusi" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Toimingud </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ruum"><span>Vaata</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit" title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=history"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Üldine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Lingid_siia/Ruum" title="Kõik viki leheküljed, mis siia viitavad [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lingid siia</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Seotud_muudatused/Ruum" rel="nofollow" title="Viimased muudatused lehekülgedel, millele on siit viidatud [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seotud muudatused</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eri:Erilehek%C3%BCljed" title="Erilehekülgede loend [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Erileheküljed</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;oldid=6652867" title="Püsilink lehekülje sellele redaktsioonile"><span>Püsilink</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=info" title="Lisateave selle lehekülje kohta"><span>Lehekülje teave</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:Sellele_lehek%C3%BCljele_viitamine&amp;page=Ruum&amp;id=6652867&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Teave sellele leheküljele viitamise kohta"><span>Viita leheküljele</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRuum"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRuum"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Space" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ruum" hreflang="et"><span>Vikitsitaadid</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107" title="Link andmehoidla seonduva üksuse juurde [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Andmeüksus</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Ilme"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ilme</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> </td> <td>&#160;<i>See artikkel räägib ruumist füüsikalises mõttes; teiste tähenduste kohta vaata lehekülge <a href="/wiki/Ruum_(t%C3%A4psustus)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ruum (täpsustus)">Ruum (täpsustus)</a>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <p><b>Ruum</b> on inimeste tavakogemuses mahuti, mis hõlmab kõik <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%BC%C3%BCsiline_ese&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Füüsiline ese (pole veel kirjutatud)">füüsilised esemed</a>. </p><p>Ruum on tavakogemuses ja <a href="/wiki/Klassikaline_f%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Klassikaline füüsika">klassikalises füüsikas</a> <a href="/wiki/Kolmem%C3%B5%C3%B5tmeline_eukleidiline_ruum" title="Kolmemõõtmeline eukleidiline ruum">kolmemõõtmeline ja tasane</a>, mis võimaldab <a href="/wiki/Keha" title="Keha">keha</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asukoht&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Asukoht (pole veel kirjutatud)">asukohta</a> ruumis kirjeldada kolme <a href="/wiki/Koordinaadid" class="mw-redirect" title="Koordinaadid">koordinaadi</a> abil. <a href="/wiki/Erirelatiivsusteooria" title="Erirelatiivsusteooria">Erirelatiivsusteooria</a> ühendab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aja&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aja (pole veel kirjutatud)">aja</a> ja ruumi üheks tervikuks – neljamõõtmeliseks <a href="/wiki/Aegruum" title="Aegruum">aegruumiks</a>, kusjuures <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cldrelatiivsusteooria" title="Üldrelatiivsusteooria">üldrelatiivsusteoorias</a> pole ruum isegi enam tasane vaid <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B5ver" class="mw-redirect" title="Kõver">kõver</a>. Moodsas füüsikas, näiteks stringiteoorias, on ruumi kirjeldatud ka 11- ja 23-mõõtmelisena, kus kõik "ülearused" mõõtmed arvatakse olevat sedavõrd väikesed, et me neid oma igapäevaelus ei taju. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filosoofia">Filosoofia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Filosoofia&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Filosoofia&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Locke">Locke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Locke&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Locke&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ruumi ehk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulatuvus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulatuvus (pole veel kirjutatud)">ulatuvuse</a> <a href="/wiki/Idee" title="Idee">idee</a> on <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>'i järgi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lihtidee&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lihtidee (pole veel kirjutatud)">lihtidee</a>, mis saadakse nii <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4gemine" title="Nägemine">nägemise</a> kui ka <a href="/wiki/Kompimine" title="Kompimine">kompimise</a> kaudu. </p><p>Kui seda ruumi vaadeldakse ainult pikkuses kahe asja vahel, vaatlemata midagi selle vahel, nimetatakse seda <a href="/wiki/Kaugus" title="Kaugus">kauguseks</a>. Kui ruumi vaadeldakse pikkuses, laiuses ja paksuses, nimetatakse seda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maht&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maht (pole veel kirjutatud)">mahuks</a>. Kõigil juhtudel kasutatakse sõna "ulatuvus". </p><p>Iga erinev kaugus on ruumi erinev modifikatsioon. Iga idee mingist erinevast kaugusest või ruumist on selle idee <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lihtmoodus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lihtmoodus (pole veel kirjutatud)">lihtmoodus</a>. Inimesed määravad vaimus kindlaks teatud pikkused (<a href="/wiki/Toll_(pikkus%C3%BChik)" title="Toll (pikkusühik)">toll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalg_(pikkus%C3%BChik)" title="Jalg (pikkusühik)">jalg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jard" title="Jard">jard</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCld" title="Süld">süld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miil" title="Miil">miil</a>, Maa läbimõõt jne), mis kõik on erinevad ideed, mis on koostatud üksnes ruumist. Kui mõni neist kindlaksmääratud pikkustest või ruumimõõtudest saab inimestele tuttavaks, võivad nad seda vaimus korrata niipalju kui tahes, liitmata sellega keha või millegi muu ideed, ning kujundada endale ruut- või kuupjalgade, -jardide või -süldade ideed (kas siin universumi kehade seas või teispool kõiki kehi) ning neid üksteisega liites laiendada oma ruumiideed niipalju kui tahes. Võime korrata või kahekordistada mis tahes ideed, mis meil on mingi kauguse kohta, ning liita seda eelmisele niipalju kui tahes, jõudmata kunagi lõpule, laiendades seda kui palju tahes, annab <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B5%C3%B5tmatus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mõõtmatus (pole veel kirjutatud)">mõõtmatuse</a> (<i>immensity</i>) idee. </p><p>Ka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuju (pole veel kirjutatud)">kuju</a> on ruumi modifikatsioon. See on suhe, milles on piiratud ruumi osad omavahel. Vaimus on ammendamatult palju kujuideesid. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koht&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Koht (pole veel kirjutatud)">Koha</a> idee puhul me vaatleme millegi kaugussuhet kahe või enama punkti vahel, mida vaadeldakse säilitavat omavahel sama kaugust ning seisvat paigal. </p><p>Keha ja ulatuvus ei ole sama asi: keha on miski tihke (<i>solid</i>) ja ulatuv, mille osad on mitmel moel lahutatavad ja liigutatavad; ulatuvus on ainult ruum, mis jääb nende tihkete koherentsete osade vahele ning mis neile kuulub. </p><p>Ulatuvus ei ole tihkus. Tõepoolest, esiteks, ulatuvus ei sisalda eneses tihkust, vastupanu keha liikumisele. Teiseks, puhta ruumi osad on üksteisest lahutamatud nii reaalselt kui ka mentaalselt. Kolmandaks, puhta ruumi osad on liigutamatud, sest nad on lahutamatud. </p><p>Ulatuvust ei saa defineerida, langemata tautoloogiasse. </p><p>Need, kes väidavad, et ruum ja keha on üks ja seesama, toovad järgmise argumendi: see ruum on kas miski või eimiski; kui kehade vahel midagi ei ole, peavad kehad paratamatult kokku puutuma; kui kehade vahel on miski, kas see on siis keha või vaim? Locke'i vastuväide kõlab: "Kes ütles, et pole olemas või ei saa olemas olla muud kui tihked entiteedid, mis ei mõtle, ja mõtlevad olendid, mis ei ulatu?" </p><p>Ei saa öelda, kas ruum on <a href="/wiki/Substants" title="Substants">substants</a> või <a href="/wiki/Aktsidents" title="Aktsidents">aktsidents</a>, sest sõnal "substants" on mitu tähendust. </p><p>Kui mitte oletada, et keha on <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B5pmatus" title="Lõpmatus">lõpmatu</a>, siis tekib küsimus: kui Jumal paigutaks inimese kehaliste asjade äärele, kas ta siis saaks sirutada käe oma kehast kaugemale? Kui saaks, siis ta paneks käe sinna, kus varem oli ruum ilma kehata, ning tema sõrmede vahel oleks ikka veel ruum ilma kehata. Kui ta ei saaks kätt välja sirutada, siis peab olema mingi väline takistus. Seega, kas keha on lõpmatu või ruum ei ole keha. </p><p>Peale selle, kui eeldada, et ruum ei saa eksisteerida ilma mateeriata, siis ei suuda Jumal hävitada ühtki osa mateeriast. Samuti ei saaks kehad sel juhul vabalt liikuda. </p><p>Ruumi idee on erinev keha ideest. Tõepoolest, kui ei oleks ideed ruumist ilma kehata, siis ei saaks küsida, kas see on olemas. Ja see, et ulatuvus on kehast lahutamatu, ei tõesta veel, et ulatuvus ja keha on üks ja seesama. </p><p>Ruumi ja tihkuse idee on erinevad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hume">Hume</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Hume&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Hume&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ruumi_idee_lõpmatu_jagatavus"><span id="Ruumi_idee_l.C3.B5pmatu_jagatavus"></span>Ruumi idee lõpmatu jagatavus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Ruumi idee lõpmatu jagatavus&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Ruumi idee lõpmatu jagatavus&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inimvaimu piiratuse tõttu ei saa tal iial olla täielikku ja adekvaatset kontseptsiooni lõpmatusest. </p><p>See, mis on lõputult jagatav, peab koosnema lõpmatust arvust osadest. Idee, mille me kujundame mingist lõplikust kvaliteedist, ei ole lõputult jagatav, sest kujutlusvõime jõuab kõige väiksemate osadeni, mida kujutluses ei saa vähendada, ilma et ta täielikult häviks. Sama lugu on ka meelte muljetega. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ruumi_lõpmatu_jagatavus"><span id="Ruumi_l.C3.B5pmatu_jagatavus"></span>Ruumi lõpmatu jagatavus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Ruumi lõpmatu jagatavus&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Ruumi lõpmatu jagatavus&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iga asi, mida saab lõputult jagada, sisaldab lõpmatu arvu osasid. Seega, kui mingi lõplik ulatuvus saab olla lõputult jagatav, siis ei saa olla vastuoluline oletada, et lõplik ulatuvus sisaldab lõpmatu arvu osasid. Ja ümberpöördult, kui on vastuoluline oletada, et lõplik ulatuvus sisaldab lõpmatu arvu osasid, siis ei saa ükski lõplik ulatuvus olla lõpmatult jagatav. Aga see viimane oletus on absurdne. Kõigepealt ma võtan kõige väiksema idee, mille ma saan kujundada ulatuvuse osast, ning olles kindel, et pole midagi sellest ideest pisemat, teen ma järelduse, et kõik, mis ma selle abil avastan, peab olema ulatuvuse reaalne kvaliteet. Siis ma kordan seda ideed üks, kaks, kolm korda jne, ning leian, et ulatuvuse liitne idee, mis sellest kordamisest tekib, alati kasvab ning muutub kahe-, kolme-, neljakordseks jne, kuni ta lõpuks paisub märkimisväärse suuruseni, mis on suurem või väiksem sedamööda, kui ma kordan enam-vähem sama ideed. Kui ma osade liitmise lõpetan, siis ulatuvuse idee enam ei kasva. Ja kui ma jätkaksin liitmist lõpmatuseni, tajun ma selgelt, et ka ulatuvuse idee peab muutuma lõpmatuks. Igasuguse lõpmatu osade arvu idee on individuaalselt seesama idee mis lõpmatu ulatuvuse idee. Ükski lõplik ulatuvus ei saa sisaldada lõpmatut arvu osasid. Järelikult ei ole ükski lõplik ulatuvus lõpmatult jagatav. Siinkohal teeb Hume järgmise märkuse: "Mulle on vastu väidetud, et lõpmatu jagatavus eeldab ainult lõpmatut arvu proportsionaalseid osasid, mitte tegureist osasid, ning et lõpmatu arv proportsionaalseid osasid ei moodusta lõpmatut ulatuvust. Aga see eristus on täiesti asjatu. Nimetatagu neid osasid teguriteks või proportsionaalseteks, nad ei saa olla madalamad neist pisikestest osadest, mida me mõtleme; ja sellepärast ei saa nad oma ühendusega moodustada väiksemat ulatuvust." </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_de_Mal%C3%A9zieu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas de Malézieu (pole veel kirjutatud)">Nicolas de Malézieu</a> on pakkunud väga tugeva ja ilusa argumendi. On ilmne, et olemasolu iseenesest kuulub ainult ühikule ega ole kunagi rakendatav arvule, vaid on ühikute arvel, millest arv koosneb. Öeldakse, et on olemas 20 inimest, ent ainult sellepärast, et 1, 2, 3, 4 jne eksisteerivad; ja kui eitada viimaste olemasolu, langeb esimene iseenesest ära. Sellepärast on absurdne oletada, et arv eksisteerib, ning samas eitada ühikute olemasolu. Et ulatuvus on metafüüsikute üldise arvamuse kohaselt alati arv ega lahutu kunagi mingiteks ühikuteks ehk jagamatuteks kvantiteetideks, siis ei saa ulatuvus kunagi üldse eksisteerida. Asjatu on vastata, et ulatuse mis tahes määratletud kvantiteet on ühik, kuid selline, millel saab olla lõpmatu arv murdosasid ning mida ei saa alajaotustega ammendada. Sest sellesama reegli järgi saab neid 20 meest vaadelda ühikuna. Kogu maakera, isegi kogu universumit, võib vaadelda ühikuna. Niisugune ühikutermin on vaid fiktiivne nimetus, mida vaim saab rakendada mis tahes objektihulgale, mille ta kokku kogub. Ja selline ühik ei saa eksisteerida üksinda, nagu ei saa üksinda eksisteerida ka arv, kui ta on tõeline arv. Aga ühik, mis saab eksisteerida üksinda ja mille olemasolu on paratamatu igasuguse arvu olemasolu jaoks, on teistsugune ning peab olema täiesti jagamatu, nii et teda ei saa lahutada väiksemateks ühikuteks. </p><p>On kindel, et meil on ulatuvuse idee, sest miks me muidu sellest räägime ja mõtleme. Samuti on kindel, et see idee, nagu kujutlusvõime seda kujutleb, ei ole lõputult jagatav ega koosne lõpmatust arvust osadest, kuigi ta on jagatav osadeks või madalamateks ideedeks: see ületab meie piiratud võimete arusaamise. Siin on idee ulatuvusest, mis koosneb osadest või madalamatest ideedest, mis on täiesti jagamatud. Järelikult ei too see idee kaasa mingit vastuolu. Järelikult on võimalik, et ulatuvus reaalselt eksisteerib vastavalt sellele. Ja järelikult on kõik argumendid matemaatiliste punktide olemasolu vastu vaid skolastilised sõnamängud. Ka kõik väidetavad tõestused ulatuvuse lõputule jagatavusele on sofistilised, sest on kindel, et nad ei saa olla õiged, kui nad ühtlasi ei tõesta matemaatiliste punktide võimatust. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ruumi_idee_teised_kvaliteedid">Ruumi idee teised kvaliteedid</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Ruumi idee teised kvaliteedid&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Ruumi idee teised kvaliteedid&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avades silmad ja pöörates need ümbritsevate objektide poole, tajun ma palju nähtavaid kehi. Sulgedes need uuesti ning võttes arvesse kehade vahelist kaugust, omandan ma ulatuvuse idee. Et iga <a href="/wiki/Idee" title="Idee">idee</a> on pärit mingist <a href="/wiki/Mulje" title="Mulje">muljest</a>, mis on temaga täpselt sarnane, siis selle ulatuvuseideega sarnased muljed peavad olema kas mingid nägemisest pärit olevad aistingud või mingid sisemuljed, mis tekivad neist aistingutest. Sisemuljed on kired, emotsioonid, soovid ja vastumeelsused; usun, et ühegi kohta neist iial ei väideta, et ta on eeskuju, millest ruumiidee tuleneb. Jääb üle, et selle algse muljeni võivad meid viia ainult meeled. Niisiis, millise mulje meeled meile siin toovad? </p><p>Lauast minu ees piisab, et ma seda nähes omandaksin ulatuvuse idee. Järelikult kujutab see idee mõnda muljet, mis praegu meeltele ilmub. Ent meeled toovad mulle vaid muljed värvilistest punktidest, mis on teatud moel korrastatud (<i>disposed</i>). Kui silm aistib veel midagi, siis näidatagu seda mulle. Kui aga on võimatu veel midagi näidata, siis võib kindlalt järeldada, et ulatuvuse idee pole muud kui koopia nendest värvilistest punktidest ja viisist, kuida nad ilmuvad. </p><p>Oletame, et ulatuvas objektis ehk värviliste punktide kompositsioonis, millest me ulatuvuse idee algselt saime, on punktid purpurset värvi. Sel juhul me anname selle idee igal kordamisel neile täpselt sama värvi, millega me ainukesena oleme tuttavad. Aga kui meil pärast on kogemus teistest värvustest ja nende erinevatest kompositsioonidest ning me leiame sarnasuse nende värviliste punktide korrastatuses (<i>disposition</i>), millest nad koosnevad, siis me jätame, niipalju kui võimalik, välja värvuste eripära, ning leiame abstraktse idee ainult sellest punktide korrastatusest, milles nad kokku langevad. Isegi kui kompimismuljed leitakse osade korrastatuse poolest olevat sarnased nägemismuljetega, ei takista see abstraktsel muljel sarnasuse põhjal kujutamast mõlemat. Abstraktsed ideed ei ole tegelikult muud kui teatud valguses vaadeldud üksikideed; liidetuna üldterminitega saavad nad kujutada suurt mitmekesisust ning hõlmata objekte, mis on küll mõnes suhtes sarnased, kuid teistes suhetes üksteisest väga erinevad. </p><p>Et iga idee, mis on eristatav, on ühtlasi lahutatav, siis võtkem üks neist lihtsatest jagamatutest ideedest, millest ulatuvuse liitidee on kujundatud, ning lahutagem ta teistest ja vaadelgem teda eraldi ning kujundagem siis otsustus tema loomusest ja kvaliteetidest. Ilmselt ei ole ta ulatuvuse idee. Ulatuvuse idee koosneb ju osadest, see idee on aga oletuse kohaselt täiesti lihtne ja jagamatu. Kas ta on siis eimiski? See on absoluutselt võimatu. Tõepoolest, ulatuvuse idee, mis on reaalne, koosneb säärastest ideedest; kui kõik need oleksid mitteolevad, siis reaalselt eksisteeriv koosneks mitteolevatest, mis on absurdne. Sellepärast pean küsima: mis on meie idee lihtsast ja jagamatust punktist? </p><p>Ruumi idee annavad vaimule kaks meelt: <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4gemine" title="Nägemine">nägemine</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kompimine" title="Kompimine">kompimine</a>. Miski, mis pole nähtav ega kombitav, ei tundu iialgi ulatuvana. See liitmulje, mis kujutab ulatuvust, koosneb mitmest väiksemast muljest, mis on silmale ja katsumisele jagamatud ning mida võib nimetada värvuse ja tihkusega (<i>solidity</i>) varustatud aatomite või korpusklite muljeteks. Aga see pole kõik. Et me need aatomid oma meeltele avastaksime, ei piisa sellest, et nad on värvilised või kombatavad; et me neid kujutlusvõimega haaraksime (<i>comprehend</i>), on veel tarvis, et me säilitaksime nende värvuse või kombatavuse idee. Mitte miski peale nende värvuse või kombitavuse idee ei saa neid meie vaimule kujutletavaks (<i>conceivable</i>) teha. Kui ideedelt need meelelised kvaliteedid ära võtta, siis on nad meie mõttele või kujutlusvõimele täiesti kadunud. </p><p>Tervik on samasugune nagu osa. Kui punkti ei vaadelda värvilise või kombatavana, ei saa ta meile anda mingit ideed ning järelikult ei saa ulatuvuse idee, mis koosneb nende punktide ideedest, kunagi eksisteerida. Et aga ulatuvuse idee saab eksisteerida, sest me oleme teadlikud sellest, et ta eksisteerib, siis ka selle osad peavad eksisteerima, ja selleks tuleb neid vaadelda värviliste või kombitavatena. Sellepärast saab meil ruumi või ulatuvuse idee olla ainult juhul, kui me vaatleme teda nägemise või kompimise objektina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vastused_vastuväidetele"><span id="Vastused_vastuv.C3.A4idetele"></span>Vastused vastuväidetele</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Vastused vastuväidetele&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Vastused vastuväidetele&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Esimene_vastuväide"><span id="Esimene_vastuv.C3.A4ide"></span>Esimene vastuväide</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Esimene vastuväide&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Esimene vastuväide&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Skolastikas on sageli väidetud, et ulatuvus peab olema lõputult jagatav, sest matemaatiliste punktide süsteem on absurdne põhjusel, et matemaatiline punkt on mitteolev ning järelikult ei saa ta kunagi koos teistega moodustada reaalselt eksisteerivat. </p><p>See oleks täiesti otsustav argument, kui ei oleks midagi vahepealselt mateeria lõputu jagatavuse ja mitteolevate matemaatiliste punktide vahel. Kuid vahepealne on värvuse või tihkusega punktid. Mõlema äärmuse absurdsus tõestab selle vahepealse tõesust ja reaalsust. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Teine_vastuväide"><span id="Teine_vastuv.C3.A4ide"></span>Teine vastuväide</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Teine vastuväide&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Teine vastuväide&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Välislingid&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Välislingid&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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class="extiw" title="q:Ruum">Ruum</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uploads.ungrounded.net/525000/525347_scale_of_universe_ng.swf">Ruumimõõtme illustratsioon – Plancki pikkusest kuni Universumi suuruseni.</a></li></ul> <div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output table.ambox{margin:0 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox~table.ambox:not(.mbox-small-left){margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output .ambox td.mbox-text{padding:0.25em 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#a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.tmbox{margin:4px 10%;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output table.fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output table.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}}</style></div><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png/30px-Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png/45px-Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png/60px-Sm-Wikipuzzlepiece.png 2x" data-file-width="113" data-file-height="119" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Artikli kirjutamine on selles kohas pooleli jäänud. <a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruum&amp;action=edit">Jätkamine</a> on kõigile lahkesti lubatud.</b><span 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