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href="#Division_of_Organic_Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Division of Organic Chemistry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_of_Organic_Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_sections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_sections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Local sections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_sections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_Chemical_Sciences_Chapters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Chemical_Sciences_Chapters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 International Chemical Sciences Chapters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Chemical_Sciences_Chapters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Educational_activities_and_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_activities_and_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Educational activities and programs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Educational_activities_and_programs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Educational activities and programs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Educational_activities_and_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chemical_education_and_outreach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemical_education_and_outreach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Chemical education and outreach </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemical_education_and_outreach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Green_Chemistry_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_Chemistry_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Green Chemistry Institute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_Chemistry_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petroleum_Research_Fund" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petroleum_Research_Fund"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Petroleum Research Fund </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petroleum_Research_Fund-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Other programs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Awards </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Awards subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 National awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Other awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals_and_magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals_and_magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Journals and magazines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals_and_magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Open_access" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Open_access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Open access </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Open_access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Journals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Databases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Databases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Databases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Databases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Litigations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_compensation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_compensation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Executive compensation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_compensation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Archives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">American Chemical Society</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" > 32 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجمعية الكيميائية الأمريكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمعية الكيميائية الأمريكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="আমেরিকান কেমিক্যাল সোসাইটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আমেরিকান কেমিক্যাল সোসাইটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Амерыканскае хімічнае таварыства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амерыканскае хімічнае таварыства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societat_Qu%C3%ADmica_Americana" title="Societat Química Americana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Societat Química Americana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_Keemia%C3%BChing" title="Ameerika Keemiaühing – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Keemiaühing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociedad_Estadounidense_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Sociedad Estadounidense de Química – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sociedad Estadounidense de Química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia_Societo_de_Usono" title="Kemia Societo de Usono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemia Societo de Usono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="انجمن شیمی آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجمن شیمی آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%ED%9A%8C" title="미국화학회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국화학회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" title="האגודה האמריקנית לכימיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האגודה האמריקנית לכימיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Америка химия коому – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Америка химия коому" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persatuan_Kimia_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Persatuan Kimia Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Persatuan Kimia Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="アメリカ化学会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ化学会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameryka%C5%84skie_Towarzystwo_Chemiczne" title="Amerykańskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amerykańskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Американское химическое общество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американское химическое общество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dko_hemijsko_dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Američko hemijsko društvo – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Američko hemijsko društvo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="American Chemical Society" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அமெரிக்க வேதியியல் குமுகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அமெரிக்க வேதியியல் குமுகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="สมาคมเคมีอเมริกัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมาคมเคมีอเมริกัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American scientific society</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"ACS Publications" redirects here. For Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians Publications, see <a href="/wiki/The_Association_of_Cricket_Statisticians_and_Historians" title="The Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians">The Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">American Chemical Society</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Chemical_Society_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/American_Chemical_Society_logo.svg/120px-American_Chemical_Society_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/American_Chemical_Society_logo.svg/180px-American_Chemical_Society_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/American_Chemical_Society_logo.svg/240px-American_Chemical_Society_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="194" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">April 6, 1876; 148 years ago (1876-04-06)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Scientific society</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/501(c)_organization#501(c)(3)" title="501(c) organization">501(c)(3)</a> nonprofit organization</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Washington, D.C.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>United States</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership </div></th><td class="infobox-data">more than 155,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Presidents of the American Chemical Society">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Mary K. Carroll</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Albert G. Horvath (CEO)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Budget <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2016<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$528 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acs.org">www.acs.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The American Chemical Society (ACS) is a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific society">scientific society</a> based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>. Founded in 1876 at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, the ACS currently has more than 155,000 members at all degree levels and in all fields of chemistry, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a>, and related fields. It is one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Scientific_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific societies">scientific societies</a> by membership.<a href="#cite_note-Fast-3">[3]</a> The ACS is a <a href="/wiki/501(c)_organization" title="501(c) organization">501(c)(3)</a> non-profit organization and holds a <a href="/wiki/Congressional_charter" title="Congressional charter">congressional charter</a> under <a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">Title 36 of the United States Code</a>. Its headquarters are located in Washington, D.C., and it has a large concentration of staff in <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a>. The ACS is a leading source of scientific information through its peer-reviewed scientific journals, national conferences, and the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">Chemical Abstracts Service</a>. Its publications division produces over 80 <a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">scholarly journals</a> including the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society">Journal of the American Chemical Society</a>, as well as the weekly trade magazine <a href="/wiki/Chemical_%26_Engineering_News" title="Chemical & Engineering News">Chemical & Engineering News</a>. The ACS holds national meetings twice a year covering the complete field of chemistry and also holds smaller conferences concentrating on specific chemical fields or geographic regions. The primary source of income of the ACS is the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">Chemical Abstracts Service</a>, a provider of chemical databases worldwide. The ACS has student chapters in virtually every major university in the United States and outside the United States as well.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> These student chapters mainly focus on volunteering opportunities, career development, and the discussion of student and faculty research.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The organization also publishes textbooks, administers several national chemistry awards, provides grants for scientific research, and supports various educational and outreach activities. The ACS has been criticized for predatory pricing of its products (<a href="/wiki/SciFinder" class="mw-redirect" title="SciFinder">SciFinder</a>, journals and other publications), for opposing <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> publishing, as well as for initiating numerous copyright enforcement litigations despite its non-profit status and its chartered commitment to dissemination of chemical information.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Chemical_Society_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/American_Chemical_Society_Building.JPG/220px-American_Chemical_Society_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/American_Chemical_Society_Building.JPG/330px-American_Chemical_Society_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/American_Chemical_Society_Building.JPG/440px-American_Chemical_Society_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3093" data-file-height="2043" /></a><figcaption>American Chemical Society headquarters in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation">Creation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Creation">edit</a>]</div> In 1874, a group of American <a href="/wiki/Chemist" title="Chemist">chemists</a> gathered at the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley_House" title="Joseph Priestley House">Joseph Priestley House</a> to mark the 100th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Priestley's</a> discovery of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>. Although there was an American scientific society at that time (the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, founded in 1848), the growth of <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> in the U.S. prompted those assembled to consider founding a new society that would focus more directly on theoretical and applied chemistry. Two years later, on April 6, 1876, during a meeting of chemists at the University of the City of New York (now <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>) the American Chemical Society was founded.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> The society received its charter of incorporation from the State of New York in 1877.<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Chandler" title="Charles F. Chandler">Charles F. Chandler</a>, a professor of chemistry at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> who was instrumental in organizing the society said that such a body would "prove a powerful and healthy stimulus to original research, ... would awaken and develop much talent now wasting in isolation, ... [bring] members of the association into closer union, and ensure a better appreciation of our science and its students on the part of the general public."<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> Although Chandler was a likely choice to become the society's first president because of his role in organizing the society, <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> chemistry professor <a href="/wiki/John_William_Draper" title="John William Draper">John William Draper</a> was elected as the first president of the society because of his national reputation. Draper was a <a href="/wiki/Photochemistry" title="Photochemistry">photochemist</a> and pioneering photographer who had produced one of the first <a href="/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">photographic portraits</a> in 1840.<a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> Chandler would later serve as president in 1881 and 1889.<a href="#cite_note-:4-10">[10]</a> In the ACS logo, originally designed in the early 20th century by <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co." title="Tiffany & Co.">Tiffany's Jewelers</a> and used since 1909,<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> a stylized symbol of a <a href="/wiki/Kaliapparat" title="Kaliapparat">kaliapparat</a> is used.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth">Growth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Growth">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society">Journal of the American Chemical Society</a> was founded in 1879 to publish original chemical research. It was the first journal published by ACS and is still the society's flagship peer-reviewed publication. In 1907, Chemical Abstracts was established as a separate journal (it previously appeared within JACS), which later became the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">Chemical Abstracts Service</a>, a division of ACS that provides chemical information to researchers and others worldwide. <a href="/wiki/Chemical_%26_Engineering_News" title="Chemical & Engineering News">Chemical & Engineering News</a> is a weekly trade magazine that has been published by ACS since 1923.<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> The society adopted a new constitution aimed at nationalizing the organization in 1890.<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> In 1905, the American Chemical Society moved from New York City to Washington, D.C. ACS was reincorporated under a <a href="/wiki/Congressional_charter" title="Congressional charter">congressional charter</a> in 1937. It was granted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> and signed by president <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Charter-13">[13]</a> ACS's headquarters moved to its current location in downtown Washington in 1941.<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organization">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisions">Divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Divisions">edit</a>]</div> ACS first established technical divisions in 1908 to foster the exchange of information among scientists who work in particular fields of chemistry or professional interests. Divisional activities include organizing technical sessions at ACS meetings, publishing books and resources, administering awards and lectureships, and conducting other events. The original five divisions were 1) organic chemistry, 2) industrial chemists and chemical engineers, 3) agricultural and food chemistry, 4) fertilizer chemistry, and 5) physical and inorganic chemistry.<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> As of 2016,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit">[update]</a> there are 32 technical divisions of ACS.<a href="#cite_note-:0-14">[14]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_chemistry" title="Agricultural chemistry">Agricultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_chemistry" title="Food chemistry">food chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrochemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrochemicals">Agrochemicals</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_chemistry" title="Analytical chemistry">Analytical chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li>Biochemical technology<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological chemistry">Biological chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li>Business development & management<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate_chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrate chemistry">Carbohydrate chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">Catalysis</a> science & technology<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">Cellulose</a> and renewable materials<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemistry_education" title="Chemistry education">Chemical education</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Chemical_Health_and_Safety" title="Division of Chemical Health and Safety">Chemical health & safety</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemoinformatics" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemoinformatics">Chemical information</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li>Chemical <a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">toxicology</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li> <li>Chemistry & the law<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloid" title="Colloid">Colloid</a> & <a href="/wiki/Surface_science#Surface_chemistry" title="Surface science">surface chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_chemistry" title="Computational chemistry">Computers in chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li>Energy & <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuels</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_chemistry" title="Environmental chemistry">Environmental chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> chemistry<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geochemistry" title="Geochemistry">Geochemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_chemistry" title="History of chemistry">History of chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li> <li>Industrial & engineering chemistry<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry" title="Inorganic chemistry">Inorganic chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_chemistry" title="Medicinal chemistry">Medicinal chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_chemistry" title="Nuclear chemistry">Nuclear chemistry</a> and Technology<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">Organic chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_chemistry" title="Physical chemistry">Physical chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer_chemistry" title="Polymer chemistry">Polymer chemistry</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li>Polymeric materials: science and engineering<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li>Professional relations<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">Rubber</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li>Small chemical businesses<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Division_of_Organic_Chemistry">Division of Organic Chemistry</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Division of Organic Chemistry">edit</a>]</div> This is the largest division of the Society. It marked its 100th anniversary in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Organic_Division_Centennial-48">[48]</a> The first Chair of the Division was <a href="/wiki/Edward_Curtis_Franklin" title="Edward Curtis Franklin">Edward Curtis Franklin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Organic_Division_History-49">[49]</a> The Organic Division played a part in establishing <a href="/wiki/Organic_Syntheses" title="Organic Syntheses">Organic Syntheses</a>, Inc. and <a href="/wiki/Organic_Reactions" title="Organic Reactions">Organic Reactions</a>, Inc. and it maintains close ties to both organizations. The Division's best known activities include organizing symposia (talks and poster sessions) at the biannual ACS National Meetings, for the purpose of recognizing promising Assistant Professors, talented young researchers, outstanding technical contributions from junior-level chemists,<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> in the field of <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemistry</a>. The symposia also honor national award winners, including the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Cope_Award" title="Arthur C. Cope Award">Arthur C. Cope Award</a>, Cope Scholar Award, James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry, Herbert C. Brown Award for Creative Research in Synthetic Methods. The Division helps to organize symposia at the international meeting called Pacifichem<a href="#cite_note-Pacifichem_on_Pacific_Business_News-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pacifichem_Website-52">[52]</a> and it organizes the biennial National Organic Chemistry Symposium (NOS) which highlights recent advances in organic chemistry<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> and hosts the <a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a> Award address. The Division also organizes corporate sponsorships to provide fellowships for PhD students<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> and undergraduates.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> It also organizes the Graduate Research Symposium<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> and manages award and travel grant programs for undergraduates. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_sections">Local sections</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Local sections">edit</a>]</div> Local sections were authorized in 1890 and are autonomous units of the American Chemical Society. They elect their own officers and select representatives to the national ACS organization. Local sections also provide professional development opportunities for members, organize community outreach events, offer awards, and conduct other business.<a href="#cite_note-:1-9">[9]</a> The Rhode Island Section was the first local section of ACS, organized in 1891.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> There are currently 186 local sections of the American Chemical Society in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Chemical_Sciences_Chapters">International Chemical Sciences Chapters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: International Chemical Sciences Chapters">edit</a>]</div> International Chemical Sciences Chapters allow ACS members outside of the U.S. to organize locally for professional and scientific exchange.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> There are currently 24 International Chemical Sciences Chapters.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Australia<a href="#cite_note-Reach-62">[62]</a></li> <li>Brazil<a href="#cite_note-Reach-62">[62]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li>Hong Kong<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><a href="#cite_note-Reach-62">[62]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a><a href="#cite_note-Reach-62">[62]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (Taiwan)">Republic of China (Taiwan)</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>Shanghai<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>South Africa<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>Southwestern China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><a href="#cite_note-Reach-62">[62]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Educational_activities_and_programs">Educational activities and programs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Educational activities and programs">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_education_and_outreach">Chemical education and outreach</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chemical education and outreach">edit</a>]</div> ACS states that it offers teacher training to support the professional development of science teachers so they can better present chemistry in the classroom, foster the scientific curiosity of our nation's youth and encourage future generations to pursue scientific careers. As of 2009, Clifford and <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Hach-Darrow" title="Kathryn Hach-Darrow">Kathryn Hach</a> donated $33 million to ACS, to continue the work of the Hach Scientific Foundation in supporting high school chemistry teaching.<a href="#cite_note-Raber-74">[74]</a> The Society sponsors the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Chemistry_Olympiad" title="United States National Chemistry Olympiad">United States National Chemistry Olympiad</a> (USNCO), a contest used to select the four-member team that represents the United States at the <a href="/wiki/International_Chemistry_Olympiad" title="International Chemistry Olympiad">International Chemistry Olympiad</a> (IChO).<a href="#cite_note-Olympiad-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-ICHO-76">[76]</a> The ACS Division of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_education#Postsecondary_chemistry_education_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical education">Chemical Education</a> provides standardized tests for various subfields of chemistry.<a href="#cite_note-Khine-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haney-78">[78]</a> The two most commonly used tests are the undergraduate-level tests for general and organic chemistry. Each of these tests consists of 70 multiple-choice questions, and gives students 110 minutes to complete the exam. The ACS also approves certified undergraduate programs in chemistry. A student who completes the required laboratory and course work—sometimes in excess of what a particular college may require for its <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">Bachelor's degree</a>—is considered by the Society to be well trained for professional work.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The ACS coordinates two annual public awareness campaigns, <a href="/wiki/National_Chemistry_Week" title="National Chemistry Week">National Chemistry Week</a> and Chemists Celebrate Earth Week, as part of its educational outreach. Since 1978 and 2003 respectively, the campaigns have been celebrated with a yearly theme, such as "Chemistry Colors Our World" (2015) and "Energy: Now and Forever!" (2013).<a href="#cite_note-Themes-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_Chemistry_Institute">Green Chemistry Institute</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Green Chemistry Institute">edit</a>]</div> The Green Chemistry Institute (GCI) supports the "implementation of <a href="/wiki/Green_chemistry" title="Green chemistry">green chemistry</a> and engineering throughout the global chemistry enterprise."<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The GCI organizes an annual conference, the Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference, provides research grants, administers awards, and provides information and support for green chemistry practices to educators, researchers, and industry.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The GCI was founded in 1997 as an independent non-profit organization, by chemists <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Breen_(chemist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Breen (chemist) (page does not exist)">Joe Breen</a> and Dennis Hjeresen in cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In 2001, the GCI became a part of the American Chemical Society.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/greenchemistry/what-is-green-chemistry/history-of-green-chemistry.html">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Petroleum_Research_Fund">Petroleum Research Fund</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Petroleum Research Fund">edit</a>]</div> The Petroleum Research Fund (PRF) is an endowment fund administered by the ACS that supports advanced education and fundamental research in the petroleum and fossil fuel fields at non-profit institutions.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Several categories of grants are offered for various career levels and institutions.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The fund awarded more than $25 million in grants in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-:5-86">[86]</a> The PRF traces its origins to the acquisition of the <a href="/wiki/UOP_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="UOP LLC">Universal Oil Products</a> laboratory by a consortium of oil companies in 1931.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The companies established a trust fund, The Petroleum Research Fund, in 1944 to prevent antitrust litigation tied to their UOP assets. The ACS was named the beneficiary of the trust. The first grants from the PRF were awarded in 1954. In 2000, the trust was transferred to the ACS. The ACS established The American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund and the previous trust was dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-:5-86">[86]</a> The PRF trust was valued at $144.7 million in December 2014.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_programs">Other programs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other programs">edit</a>]</div> The ACS International Activities is the birthplace of the ACS International Center, an online resource for scientists and engineers looking to study abroad or explore an international career or internship. The site houses information on hundreds of scholarships and grants related to all levels of experience to promote scientific mobility of researchers and practitioners in STEM fields. The Society grants membership to undergraduates as student members provided they can pay the $25 yearly dues. Any university may start its own ACS Student Chapter and receive benefits of undergraduate participation in regional conferences and discounts on ACS publications. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_awards">National awards</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: National awards">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Chemical_Society_national_awards" title="List of American Chemical Society national awards">List of American Chemical Society national awards</a></div> The American Chemical Society administers 64 national awards, medals and prizes based on scientific contributions at various career levels that promote achievement across the chemical sciences.<a href="#cite_note-:2-89">[89]</a> The ACS national awards program began in 1922 with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Priestley_Medal" title="Priestley Medal">Priestley Medal</a>, the highest award offered by the ACS, which is given for distinguished services to chemistry.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The 2019 recipient of the Priestley Medal is <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_awards">Other awards</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other awards">edit</a>]</div> Additional awards are offered by divisions, local sections and other bodies of ACS. The <a href="/wiki/William_H._Nichols_Medal_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Nichols Medal Award">William H. Nichols Medal Award</a> was the first ACS award to honor outstanding researchers in the field of chemistry. It was established in 1903 by the ACS New York Section and is named for <a href="/wiki/William_H._Nichols" title="William H. Nichols">William H. Nichols</a>, an American chemist and businessman and one of the original founders of ACS.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Of the over 100 Nichols Medalists, 16 have subsequently been awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Willard_Gibbs_Award" title="Willard Gibbs Award">Willard Gibbs Award</a>, granted by the ACS Chicago Section, was established in 1910 in honor of <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> professor who formulated the <a href="/wiki/Phase_rule" title="Phase rule">phase rule</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> The Georgia Local Section of ACS has awarded the <a href="/wiki/Herty_Medal" title="Herty Medal">Herty Medal</a> since 1933 recognizing outstanding chemists who have significantly contributed to their chosen fields.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> All chemists in academic, government, or industrial laboratories who have been residing in the southeastern United States for at least 10 years are eligible. The New York Section of ACS also gives Leadership Awards.<a href="#cite_note-CMEACS-95">[95]</a> The Leadership Awards are the highest honors given by the Chemical Marketing and Economic Group of ACS NY since December 6, 2012. They are presented to leaders of industry, investments, and other sectors, for their contributions to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) initiatives. Honorees include <a href="/wiki/Andrew_N._Liveris" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew N. Liveris">Andrew N. Liveris</a> (Dow Chemical),<a href="#cite_note-CME2014-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/P._Roy_Vagelos" title="P. Roy Vagelos">P. Roy Vagelos</a> (Regeneron, Merck),<a href="#cite_note-CME2015-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_M._Connelly" title="Thomas M. Connelly">Thomas M. Connelly</a> (DuPont)<a href="#cite_note-CME2014-96">[96]</a> and Juan Pablo del Valle (Mexichem).<a href="#cite_note-CME2012-98">[98]</a> The ACS also administers regional awards presented annually at regional meetings. This includes the E. Ann Nalley Regional Award for Volunteer Service to the American Chemical Society, Regional Awards for Excellence in High School Teaching, and the Stanley C. Israel Regional Award for Advancing Diversity in the Chemical Sciences. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Journals_and_magazines">Journals and magazines</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Journals and magazines">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:American_Chemical_Society_academic_journals" title="Category:American Chemical Society academic journals">American Chemical Society academic journals</a></div> ACS Publications is the publishing division of the ACS. It is a nonprofit <a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">academic publisher</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">scientific journals</a> covering various fields of chemistry and related sciences. As of 2021, ACS Publications published the following peer-reviewed journals:<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounts_of_Chemical_Research" title="Accounts of Chemical Research">Accounts of Chemical Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accounts_of_Materials_Research" title="Accounts of Materials Research">Accounts of Materials Research</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Agricultural_Science_%26_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Agricultural Science & Technology (page does not exist)">ACS Agricultural Science & Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Applied_Bio_Materials&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Applied Bio Materials (page does not exist)">ACS Applied Bio Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Applied_Electronic_Materials&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Applied Electronic Materials (page does not exist)">ACS Applied Electronic Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Applied_Energy_Materials" title="ACS Applied Energy Materials">ACS Applied Energy Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Applied_Materials_%26_Interfaces" title="ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces">ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Applied_Nano_Materials&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Applied Nano Materials (page does not exist)">ACS Applied Nano Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Applied_Polymer_Materials&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Applied Polymer Materials (page does not exist)">ACS Applied Polymer Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Bio_%26_Med_Chem_Au&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Bio & Med Chem Au (page does not exist)">ACS Bio & Med Chem Au</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Biomaterials_Science_%26_Engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering (page does not exist)">ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Catalysis" title="ACS Catalysis">ACS Catalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Central_Science" title="ACS Central Science">ACS Central Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Chemical_Biology" title="ACS Chemical Biology">ACS Chemical Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Chemical_Health_%26_Safety&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Chemical Health & Safety (page does not exist)">ACS Chemical Health & Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Chemical_Neuroscience" title="ACS Chemical Neuroscience">ACS Chemical Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Combinatorial_Science" title="ACS Combinatorial Science">ACS Combinatorial Science</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[a]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Earth_and_Space_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Earth and Space Chemistry (page does not exist)">ACS Earth and Space Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Energy_Letters" title="ACS Energy Letters">ACS Energy Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Engineering_Au&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Engineering Au (page does not exist)">ACS Engineering Au</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Environmental_Au&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Environmental Au (page does not exist)">ACS Environmental Au</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_ES%26T_Engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS ES&T Engineering (page does not exist)">ACS ES&T Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_ES%26T_Water&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS ES&T Water (page does not exist)">ACS ES&T Water</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Food_Science_%26_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Food Science & Technology (page does not exist)">ACS Food Science & Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Infectious_Diseases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Infectious Diseases (page does not exist)">ACS Infectious Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Macro_Letters" title="ACS Macro Letters">ACS Macro Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Materials_Au&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Materials Au (page does not exist)">ACS Materials Au</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Materials_Letters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Materials Letters (page does not exist)">ACS Materials Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Measurement_Science_Au&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Measurement Science Au (page does not exist)">ACS Measurement Science Au</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Medicinal_Chemistry_Letters" title="ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters">ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Nano" title="ACS Nano">ACS Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Nanoscience_Au&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Nanoscience Au (page does not exist)">ACS Nanoscience Au</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Omega" title="ACS Omega">ACS Omega</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Organic_%26_Inorganic_Au&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Organic & Inorganic Au (page does not exist)">ACS Organic & Inorganic Au</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Pharmacology_%26_Translational_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science (page does not exist)">ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Photonics" title="ACS Photonics">ACS Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Physical_Chem_Au&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Physical Chem Au (page does not exist)">ACS Physical Chem Au</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Polymers_Au&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Polymers Au (page does not exist)">ACS Polymers Au</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ACS_Sensors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ACS Sensors (page does not exist)">ACS Sensors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Sustainable_Chemistry_%26_Engineering" title="ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering">ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Synthetic_Biology" title="ACS Synthetic Biology">ACS Synthetic Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_Chemistry_(journal)" title="Analytical Chemistry (journal)">Analytical Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry_(journal)" title="Biochemistry (journal)">Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioconjugate_Chemistry" title="Bioconjugate Chemistry">Bioconjugate Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomacromolecules" title="Biomacromolecules">Biomacromolecules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_for_the_History_of_Chemistry" title="Bulletin for the History of Chemistry">Bulletin for the History of Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biotechnology_Progress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biotechnology Progress (page does not exist)">Biotechnology Progress</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[b]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Research_in_Toxicology" title="Chemical Research in Toxicology">Chemical Research in Toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Reviews" title="Chemical Reviews">Chemical Reviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemistry_of_Materials" title="Chemistry of Materials">Chemistry of Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Growth_%26_Design" title="Crystal Growth & Design">Crystal Growth & Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_%26_Fuels" title="Energy & Fuels">Energy & Fuels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science_%26_Technology" title="Environmental Science & Technology">Environmental Science & Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science_%26_Technology_Letters" title="Environmental Science & Technology Letters">Environmental Science & Technology Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_%26_Engineering_Chemistry_Research" title="Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research">Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inorganic_Chemistry_(journal)" title="Inorganic Chemistry (journal)">Inorganic Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JACS_Au&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JACS Au (page does not exist)">JACS Au</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Agricultural_and_Food_Chemistry" title="Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_%26_Engineering_Data" title="Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data">Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_Education" title="Journal of Chemical Education">Journal of Chemical Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_Information_and_Modeling" title="Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling">Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_Theory_and_Computation" title="Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation">Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Medicinal_Chemistry" title="Journal of Medicinal Chemistry">Journal of Medicinal Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Natural_Products" title="Journal of Natural Products">Journal of Natural Products</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[c]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Organic_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Organic Chemistry">Journal of Organic Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Proteome_Research" title="Journal of Proteome Research">Journal of Proteome Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society">Journal of the American Chemical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Society_for_Mass_Spectrometry" title="Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry">Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langmuir_(journal)" title="Langmuir (journal)">Langmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macromolecules_(journal)" title="Macromolecules (journal)">Macromolecules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Pharmaceutics" title="Molecular Pharmaceutics">Molecular Pharmaceutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano_Letters" title="Nano Letters">Nano Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Letters" title="Organic Letters">Organic Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Process_Research_%26_Development" title="Organic Process Research & Development">Organic Process Research & Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organometallics" title="Organometallics">Organometallics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Organic_Chemistry" title="The Journal of Organic Chemistry">The Journal of Organic Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Physical_Chemistry_A" title="The Journal of Physical Chemistry A">The Journal of Physical Chemistry A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Physical_Chemistry_B" title="The Journal of Physical Chemistry B">The Journal of Physical Chemistry B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Physical_Chemistry_C" title="The Journal of Physical Chemistry C">The Journal of Physical Chemistry C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Physical_Chemistry_Letters" title="The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters">The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters</a></li></ul> </div> In addition to academic journals, ACS Publications also publishes <a href="/wiki/Chemical_%26_Engineering_News" title="Chemical & Engineering News">Chemical & Engineering News</a>, a weekly trade magazine covering news in the chemical profession,<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> inChemistry, a magazine for undergraduate students,<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> and ChemMatters, a magazine for high school students and teachers.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> ACS also created <a href="/wiki/ChemRxiv" title="ChemRxiv">ChemRxiv</a>, which is an <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> <a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a> <a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_repository" title="Disciplinary repository">repository</a> for the <a href="/wiki/The_central_science" title="The central science">chemical sciences</a>, co-owned, and collaboratively managed by the American Chemical Society (ACS), <a href="/wiki/Society_of_German_Chemists" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of German Chemists">German Chemical Society (GDCh)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)</a>, the chemistry community, other societies, funders, and non-profits; open for submissions and available for all readers at ChemRxiv. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Open_access">Open access</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Open access">edit</a>]</div> In debates about free access to scientific information, the ACS has been described as "in an interesting dilemma, with some of its representatives pushing for open access and others hating the very thought."<a href="#cite_note-Rovner2-106">[103]</a> The ACS has generally opposed legislation that would mandate free access to scientific journal articles and chemical information. However it has recently launched new <a href="/wiki/Open_access_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access journal">open access journals</a> and provided authors with open access publishing options. Nevertheless, the actual percentage of open-access publications in ACS journals is the lowest among the 8 major scientific journal publishers (see figure below): <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_Access_by_year_according_to_Web_of_Science.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Open_Access_by_year_according_to_Web_of_Science.png/220px-Open_Access_by_year_according_to_Web_of_Science.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Open_Access_by_year_according_to_Web_of_Science.png/330px-Open_Access_by_year_according_to_Web_of_Science.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Open_Access_by_year_according_to_Web_of_Science.png/440px-Open_Access_by_year_according_to_Web_of_Science.png 2x" data-file-width="4812" data-file-height="2710" /></a><figcaption>Open access by year according to Web of Science</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Journals">Journals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Journals">edit</a>]</div> The mid-2000s saw a debate between some research funders (including the federal government), which argued that research they funded should be presented freely to the public,<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> and some publishers (including the ACS), which argued that the costs of peer-review and publishing justified their subscription prices.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> In 2006, Congress debated legislation that would have instructed the <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH) to require all investigators it funded to submit copies of final, peer-reviewed journal articles to <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PubMed Central</a>, a free-access digital repository it operates, within 12 months of publication.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Suber2-110">[107]</a> At the time the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Publishers" title="Association of American Publishers">American Association of Publishers</a> (of which ACS is a member) hired a public relations firm to counter the <a href="/wiki/Open_access_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access movement">open access movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:8-111">[108]</a> In spite of publishers' opposition, the PubMed Central legislation was passed in December 2007 and became effective in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Suber2-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> As the open access issue has continued to evolve, so too has the ACS's position. In response to a 2013 <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">White House Office of Science and Technology Policy</a> directive that instructed federal agencies to provide greater access to federally funded research, the ACS joined other scholarly publishers in establishing the Clearinghouse for the Open Research of the United States (Chorus) to allow free access to published articles.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> The ACS has also introduced several open access publishing options for its journals, including providing authors the option to pay an upfront fee to enable free online access to their articles.<a href="#cite_note-:02-114">[111]</a> In 2015, the ACS launched the first fully open access journal in the society's history, ACS Central Science.<a href="#cite_note-:02-114">[111]</a> The ACS states that the journal offers the same peer-review standards as its subscription journals, but without publishing charges to either authors or readers.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> A second open access title, ACS Omega, an interdisciplinary <a href="/wiki/Mega_journal" title="Mega journal">mega journal</a>, launched in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a> In December 2020, the ACS launched a series of 9 open access journals under the name ACS Au (chemical symbol for gold) which include ACS Bio & Med Chem Au, ACS Engineering Au, ACS Environmental Au, ACS Materials Au, ACS Measurement Science Au, ACS Nanoscience Au, ACS Organic & Inorganic Au, ACS Physical Chem Au and ACS Polymers Au.<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Databases">Databases</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Databases">edit</a>]</div> In 2005, the ACS was criticized for opposing the creation of <a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>, which is an <a href="/wiki/Open_access_(publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access (publishing)">open access</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_database" title="Chemical database">chemical database</a> developed by the NIH's <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">National Center for Biotechnology Information</a>. The ACS raised concerns that the publicly supported PubChem database would duplicate and unfairly compete with their existing fee-based <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">Chemical Abstracts Service</a> and argued that the database should only present data created by the Molecular Libraries Screening Center initiative of the NIH.<a href="#cite_note-:6-119">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> The ACS lobbied members of the <a href="/wiki/US_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="US Congress">United States Congress</a> to rein in PubChem<a href="#cite_note-:7-121">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marris2-122">[119]</a> and hired outside lobbying firms to try to persuade congressional members, the NIH, and the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> (OMB) against establishing a publicly funded database.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> The ACS was unsuccessful, and as of 2012 PubChem is the world's largest free chemical database.<a href="#cite_note-Noorden2-124">[121]</a> The ACS is also the only provider of a major scientific publication database (<a href="/wiki/SciFinder" class="mw-redirect" title="SciFinder">SciFinder</a>) that imposes a restriction on the number of records that can be exported. None of the competing products, such as <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Clarivate" title="Clarivate">Clarivate</a>), <a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>) and <a href="/wiki/The_Lens" title="The Lens">The Lens</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Cambia_(non-profit_organization)" title="Cambia (non-profit organization)">Cambia</a>) has similar restrictions.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litigations">Litigations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Litigations">edit</a>]</div> The ACS has been involved in numerous lawsuits regarding access to its databases, trademark rights, and copyrighted material. In many of these cases, the ACS lost or ended up with an unenforceable judgement. These include: <a href="/wiki/Dialog_(online_database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialog (online database)">Dialog</a> v. American Chemical Society, a suit claiming antitrust violations in access to ACS databases, settled out of court in 1993;<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> American Chemical Society v. Google, a suit claiming trademark violation, settled out of court in 2006;<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-131">[128]</a> American Chemical Society v. Leadscope, a suit alleging stolen trade secrets, concluded in 2012 with ACS losing its trade secrets claim and Leadscope losing its counterclaim of defamation;<a href="#cite_note-DeMartini2-132">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reich2-133">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> against <a href="/wiki/ResearchGate" title="ResearchGate">ResearchGate</a>,<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> where a German court refused to award monetary compensation to the ACS and <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>; against <a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a>, which resulted in a non-enforceable judgement.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> The ACS was also found guilty in several lawsuits brought against the Society by its employees.<a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_compensation">Executive compensation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Executive compensation">edit</a>]</div> In 2004, a group of ACS members criticized the compensation of former executive director and chief executive officer John Crum, whose total salary, expenses, and bonuses for 2002 was reported to be $767,834.<a href="#cite_note-:9-139">[136]</a> The ACS defended the figure, saying that it was in line with that of comparable organizations, including for-profit publishers.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit">[update]</a>, two employees were reported to have a total compensation exceeding $900,000, while 694 had a compensation exceeding $100,000.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reagent_Chemicals" title="Reagent Chemicals">Reagent Chemicals</a> (Reagent ACS), standards of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_purity" title="Chemical purity">chemical purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_style" title="ACS style">ACS style</a>, the ACS's <a href="/wiki/Citation" title="Citation">citation</a> standard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Learned_and_Professional_Society_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Association for Learned and Professional Society Publishers">Association for Learned and Professional Society Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Abstracts_Service" title="Chemical Abstracts Service">Chemical Abstracts Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_learned_societies" title="List of learned societies">List of learned societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_professional_associations" title="List of international professional associations">List of international professional associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Chemistry_Week" title="National Chemistry Week">National Chemistry Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Chemical_Landmarks" title="National Historic Chemical Landmarks">National Historic Chemical Landmarks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> Formerly the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Combinatorial_Chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry">Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Co-published with the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Chemical_Engineers" title="American Institute of Chemical Engineers">American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> Co-published with the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Pharmacognosy" title="American Society of Pharmacognosy">American Society of Pharmacognosy</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free 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Retrieved June 28, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Chemical+Society+Draws+Fire+for+Leader%27s+High+Pay&rft.date=2004-09-03&rft.issn=0009-5982&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Farticle%2FChemical-Society-Draws-Fire%2F10895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Chemical+Society" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrumfiel2004" class="citation journal cs1">Brumfiel, Geoff (August 26, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F430957a">"Director's salary makes chemists see red"</a>. Nature. 430 (7003): 957–57. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Natur.430..957B">2004Natur.430..957B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F430957a">10.1038/430957a</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15329687">15329687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Director%27s+salary+makes+chemists+see+red&rft.volume=430&rft.issue=7003&rft.pages=957-57&rft.date=2004-08-26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F430957a&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15329687&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004Natur.430..957B&rft.aulast=Brumfiel&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F430957a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Chemical+Society" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFACS2017" class="citation web cs1">ACS (November 13, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/about/aboutacs/financial/2016-form-990.pdf">"2016 IRS Form 990"</a> (PDF). p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+IRS+Form+990&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft.au=ACS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acs.org%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Facsorg%2Fabout%2Faboutacs%2Ffinancial%2F2016-form-990.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Chemical+Society" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Chemistry... Key to Better Living. Diamond Jubilee Volume: A Record of Chemical Progress During the First 75 Years of the American Chemical Society. American Chemical Society. 1951.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry...+Key+to+Better+Living.+Diamond+Jubilee+Volume%3A+A+Record+of+Chemical+Progress+During+the+First+75+Years+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.pub=American+Chemical+Society&rft.date=1951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Chemical+Society" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkolnikReese1976" class="citation book cs1">Skolnik, Herman; Reese, Kenneth M., eds. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/centuryofchemist0000unse">A Century of chemistry: the role of chemists and the American Chemical Society</a>. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0841203075" title="Special:BookSources/978-0841203075"><bdi>978-0841203075</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Century+of+chemistry%3A+the+role+of+chemists+and+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=American+Chemical+Society&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0841203075&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcenturyofchemist0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Chemical+Society" class="Z3988"></li> <li>J. J. Bohning 2001. American Chemical Society Founded 1876. ACS, Washington, D.C.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReese2002" class="citation book cs1">Reese, Kenneth M., ed. (2002). The American Chemical Society at 125: A recent history 1976–2001. American Chemical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8412-3851-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8412-3851-0"><bdi>978-0-8412-3851-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Chemical+Society+at+125%3A+A+recent+history+1976%E2%80%932001&rft.pub=American+Chemical+Society&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8412-3851-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Chemical+Society" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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title="commons:Category:American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.acs.org">ACS website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org">ACS Publications website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/cen">ACS Chemical & Engineering News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cas.org">ACS Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008032346/http://www.chemistry2011.org/">International Year of Chemistry 2011</a>(archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infotoday.com/newsbreaks/nb050606-1.shtml">A Cauldron Bubbles: PubChem and the American Chemical Society</a> — Information Today, June 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810030827/http://community.acs.org/journals/acbcct/cs/WIKI/tabid/54/Default.aspx">ACS Chemical Biology WIKI</a>(archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729202551/http://community.acs.org/">ACS Chemical Biology Community</a>(archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acs.org/greenchemistry.html">ACS Green Chemistry Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://organicdivision.org/">ACS Organic Division</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://organicdivision.org/leete">Leete Award</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://organicdivision.org/gassman">Gassman Award</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archives">Archives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Chemical_Society&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Archives">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.lib.washington.edu/findingaids/view?docId=AmericanChemicalSocietyPugetSoundSection1947.xml">American Chemical Society Puget Sound Section Records</a>. 1909–1989. 11.9 cubic feet plus 10 vertical files and 7 items. At the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/">University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the American Chemical Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Chemical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1876–1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Draper" title="John William Draper">John W. Draper</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lawrence_Smith_(chemist)" title="J. Lawrence Smith (chemist)">J. Lawrence Smith</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_William_Johnson" title="Samuel William Johnson">Samuel William Johnson</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterry_Hunt" title="Thomas Sterry Hunt">T. Sterry Hunt</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_Genth" title="Frederick Augustus Genth">Frederick A. Genth</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Chandler" title="Charles F. Chandler">Charles F. Chandler</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mallet" title="John Mallet">John W. Mallet</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Curtis_Booth" title="James Curtis Booth">James C. Booth</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Benjamin_Prescott" title="Albert Benjamin Prescott">Albert B. Prescott</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anthony_Goessmann" title="Charles Anthony Goessmann">Charles Anthony Goessmann</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterry_Hunt" title="Thomas Sterry Hunt">T. Sterry Hunt</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Chandler" title="Charles F. Chandler">Charles F. Chandler</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bradford_Nason" title="Henry Bradford Nason">Henry B. Nason</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Frederick_Barker" title="George Frederick Barker">George F. Barker</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Chapman_Caldwell" title="George Chapman Caldwell">George C. Caldwell</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Washington_Wiley" title="Harvey Washington Wiley">Harvey W. Wiley</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Fahs_Smith" title="Edgar Fahs Smith">Edgar Fahs Smith</a> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Benjamin_Dudley" title="Charles Benjamin Dudley">Charles B. Dudley</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Munroe" title="Charles Edward Munroe">Charles E. Munroe</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Morley" title="Edward W. Morley">Edward W. Morley</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McMurtrie" title="William McMurtrie">William McMurtrie</a> (1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wigglesworth_Clarke" title="Frank Wigglesworth Clarke">Frank W. Clarke</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Remsen" title="Ira Remsen">Ira Remsen</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Long_(chemist)" title="John H. Long (chemist)">John H. Long</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Amos_Noyes" title="Arthur Amos Noyes">Arthur Amos Noyes</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Venable" title="Francis Preston Venable">Francis P. Venable</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Hillebrand" title="William Francis Hillebrand">William F. Hillebrand</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marston_T._Bogert" title="Marston T. Bogert">Marston T. Bogert</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_R._Whitney" title="Willis R. Whitney">Willis R. Whitney</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilder_Dwight_Bancroft" title="Wilder Dwight Bancroft">Wilder D. Bancroft</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Smith_(chemist)" title="Alexander Smith (chemist)">Alexander Smith</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Dehon_Little" title="Arthur Dehon Little">Arthur Dehon Little</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore W. Richards</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Herty" title="Charles Herty">Charles H. Herty</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Stieglitz" title="Julius Stieglitz">Julius Stieglitz</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Nichols" title="William H. Nichols">William H. Nichols</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Noyes" title="William A. Noyes">William A. Noyes</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Fahs_Smith" title="Edgar Fahs Smith">Edgar Fahs Smith</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Curtis_Franklin" title="Edward Curtis Franklin">Edward C. Franklin</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Baekeland" title="Leo Baekeland">Leo H. Baekeland</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Flack_Norris" title="James Flack Norris">James Flack Norris</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_D._Rosengarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George D. Rosengarten (page does not exist)">George D. Rosengarten</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Parr" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel W. Parr">Samuel W. Parr</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McPherson_(university_president)" title="William McPherson (university president)">William McPherson</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Gomberg" title="Moses Gomberg">Moses Gomberg</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_V._Redman" title="Lawrence V. Redman">Lawrence V. Redman</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_B._Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur B. Lamb (page does not exist)">Arthur B. Lamb</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_L._Reese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles L. Reese (page does not exist)">Charles L. Reese</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bartow" title="Edward Bartow">Edward Bartow</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Weidlein" title="Edward R. Weidlein">Edward R. Weidlein</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Whitmore" title="Frank C. Whitmore">Frank C. Whitmore</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Kraus" title="Charles A. Kraus">Charles A. Kraus</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Lind" title="Samuel C. Lind">Samuel C. Lind</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Lloyd_Evans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Lloyd Evans (page does not exist)">William Lloyd Evans</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_N._Holmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry N. Holmes (page does not exist)">Harry N. Holmes</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per_K._Frolich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Per K. Frolich (page does not exist)">Per K. Frolich</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Midgley_Jr." title="Thomas Midgley Jr.">Thomas Midgley Jr.</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Shipp_Marvel" title="Carl Shipp Marvel">Carl S. Marvel</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradley_Dewey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradley Dewey (page does not exist)">Bradley Dewey</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Albert_Noyes_Jr." title="W. Albert Noyes Jr.">W. Albert Noyes Jr.</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_Thomas" title="Charles Allen Thomas">Charles A. Thomas</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_H._Volwiler" title="Ernest H. Volwiler">Ernest H. Volwiler</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N._Howell_Funnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N. Howell Funnan (page does not exist)">N. Howell Funnan</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_C._Britton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edgar C. Britton (page does not exist)">Edgar C. Britton</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrington_Daniels" title="Farrington Daniels">Farrington Daniels</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_L._Fisher" title="Harry L. Fisher">Harry L. Fisher</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Henry_Hildebrand" title="Joel Henry Hildebrand">Joel H. Hildebrand</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Warner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John C. Warner (page does not exist)">John C. Warner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_J._Williams" title="Roger J. Williams">Roger J. Williams</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_F._Rassweiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford F. Rassweiler (page does not exist)">Clifford F. Rassweiler</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Bailar_Jr." title="John C. Bailar Jr.">John C. Bailar Jr.</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_L._Elder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert L. Elder (page does not exist)">Albert L. Elder</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Cope" title="Arthur C. Cope">Arthur C. Cope</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_August_Folkers" title="Karl August Folkers">Karl Folkers</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring_(chemist)" title="Henry Eyring (chemist)">Henry Eyring</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_H._Arveson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice H. Arveson (page does not exist)">Maurice H. Arveson</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Price" title="Charles C. Price">Charles C. Price</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Sparks" title="William J. Sparks">William J. Sparks</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Overberger" title="Charles G. Overberger">Charles G. Overberger</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Cairns" title="Robert W. Cairns">Robert W. Cairns</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_R._Brode" title="Wallace R. Brode">Wallace R. Brode</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Byron_Riegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byron Riegel (page does not exist)">Byron Riegel</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Tishler" title="Max Tishler">Max Tishler</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_C._Nixon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan C. Nixon (page does not exist)">Alan C. Nixon</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_S._Friedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard S. Friedman (page does not exist)">Bernard S. Friedman</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bailey" title="William J. Bailey">William J. Bailey</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry A. Hill">Henry A. Hill</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_J._Harrison" title="Anna J. Harrison">Anna J. Harrison</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gardner_W._Stacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gardner W. Stacy (page does not exist)">Gardner W. Stacy</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._D%27Ianni" title="James D. D'Ianni">James D. D'Ianni</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_C._Zettlemoyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert C. Zettlemoyer (page does not exist)">Albert C. Zettlemoyer</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Parry" title="Robert W. Parry">Robert W. Parry</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Basolo" title="Fred Basolo">Fred Basolo</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_D._Niederhauser" title="Warren D. Niederhauser">Warren D. Niederhauser</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellis_K._Fields&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellis K. Fields (page does not exist)">Ellis K. Fields</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Pimentel" title="George C. Pimentel">George C. Pimentel</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Good" title="Mary L. Good">Mary L. Good</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_L._Nelson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon L. Nelson (page does not exist)">Gordon L. Nelson</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_F._Callis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clayton F. Callis (page does not exist)">Clayton F. Callis</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Gassman" title="Paul G. Gassman">Paul G. Gassman</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S._Allen_Heininger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. Allen Heininger (page does not exist)">S. Allen Heininger</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Eliel" title="Ernest L. Eliel">Ernest L. Eliel</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen M. Free</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_D._Heindel" title="Ned D. Heindel">Ned D. Heindel</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_M._Rushton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian M. Rushton (page does not exist)">Brian M. Rushton</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Breslow" title="Ronald Breslow">Ronald Breslow</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_S._Anderson" title="Paul S. Anderson">Paul S. Anderson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_H.L._Walter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul H.L. Walter (page does not exist)">Paul H.L. Walter</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edel_Wasserman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edel Wasserman (page does not exist)">Edel Wasserman</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryle_H._Busch" title="Daryle H. Busch">Daryle H. Busch</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attila_E._Pavlath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attila E. Pavlath (page does not exist)">Attila E. Pavlath</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_M._Pearce" title="Eli M. Pearce">Eli M. Pearce</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Reichmanis" title="Elsa Reichmanis">Elsa Reichmanis</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Casey" title="Charles P. Casey">Charles P. Casey</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_F._Carroll_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William F. Carroll Jr. (page does not exist)">William F. Carroll Jr.</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Nalley" title="Elizabeth Ann Nalley">Elizabeth Ann Nalley</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_T._Hunt" title="Catherine T. Hunt">Catherine T. Hunt</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_E._Bursten" title="Bruce E. Bursten">Bruce E. Bursten</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Lane" title="Thomas H. Lane">Thomas H. Lane</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Francisco" title="Joseph Francisco">Joseph Francisco</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_B._Jackson" title="Nancy B. Jackson">Nancy B. Jackson</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassam_Shakhashiri" title="Bassam Shakhashiri">Bassam Z. Shakhashiri</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinda_Li_Wu" title="Marinda Li Wu">Marinda Li Wu</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Barton" title="Thomas J. Barton">Thomas J. Barton</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Grob_Schmidt" title="Diane Grob Schmidt">Diane Grob Schmidt</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Nelson" title="Donna Nelson">Donna J. Nelson</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_A._Campbell" title="Allison A. Campbell">Allison A. Campbell</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_K._Dorhout" title="Peter K. Dorhout">Peter K. Dorhout</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_A._Charpentier" title="Bonnie A. Charpentier">Bonnie A. Charpentier</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Echegoyen" title="Luis Echegoyen">Luis Echegoyen</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.N._Cheng" class="mw-redirect" title="H.N. Cheng">H.N. Cheng</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_K._Wilson" title="Angela K. Wilson">Angela K. Wilson</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Giordan" title="Judith Giordan">Judith Giordan</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_K._Carroll" title="Mary K. Carroll">Mary K. Carroll</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_J._Phillips" title="Dorothy J. Phillips">Dorothy J. Phillips</a>, President Elect (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chemistry_societies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chemistry_societies" title="Template:Chemistry societies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chemistry_societies" title="Template talk:Chemistry societies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chemistry_societies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chemistry societies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chemistry_societies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chemistry societies</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> (1980) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Society" title="Chemical Society">Chemical Society</a> (1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Institute of Chemistry">Royal Institute of Chemistry</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Society" title="Faraday Society">Faraday Society</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Analytical_Chemistry" title="Society for Analytical Chemistry">Society for Analytical Chemistry</a> (1907)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_chimique_de_France" title="Société chimique de France">Société chimique de France</a> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Chemical_Society" title="German Chemical Society">Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft zu Berlin</a> (1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Chemical_Society" title="Danish Chemical Society">Danish Chemical Society</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Chemical_Industry" title="Society of Chemical Industry">Society of Chemical Industry</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Chemical_Society" title="Swedish Chemical Society">Swedish Chemical Society</a> (1883)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Chemical_Society" title="Norwegian Chemical Society">Norwegian Chemical Society</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Chemical_Society" title="Royal Netherlands Chemical Society">Royal Netherlands Chemical Society</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Chemical_Society" title="Hungarian Chemical Society">Hungarian Chemical Society</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Chemical_Society" title="Italian Chemical Society">Italian Chemical Society</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Chemical_Society" title="Polish Chemical Society">Polish Chemical Society</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Chemistry_of_Ireland" title="Institute of Chemistry of Ireland">Institute of Chemistry of Ireland</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Greek_Chemists" title="Association of Greek Chemists">Association of Greek Chemists</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECHEMA" title="DECHEMA">Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie</a> (Germany, 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Society_of_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology" title="Belgian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology">Belgian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancyprian_Union_of_Chemists" title="Pancyprian Union of Chemists">Pancyprian Union of Chemists</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry">Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation_of_Chemical_Engineering" title="European Federation of Chemical Engineering">European Federation of Chemical Engineering</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_European_Biochemical_Societies" title="Federation of European Biochemical Societies">Federation of European Biochemical Societies</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Association_for_Chemical_and_Molecular_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences">European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Young_Chemists%27_Network" title="European Young Chemists' Network">European Young Chemists' Network</a> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Chemical Society</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Chemical_Industry_(American_Section)" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Chemical Industry (American Section)">Society of Chemical Industry (American Section)</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_Chimie_Industrielle_(American_Section)" title="Société de Chimie Industrielle (American Section)">Société de Chimie Industrielle (American Section)</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Chemical_Manufacturers_and_Affiliates" title="Society of Chemical Manufacturers and Affiliates">Society of Chemical Manufacturers and Affiliates</a> (USA, 1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Society_of_Peru" title="Chemical Society of Peru">Chemical Society of Peru</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Society_of_Clinical_Chemists" title="Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists">Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Society_of_Mexico" title="Chemical Society of Mexico">Chemical Society of Mexico</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Chemical_Society" title="Brazilian Chemical Society">Brazilian Chemical Society</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Institute_of_Canada" title="Chemical Institute of Canada">Chemical Institute of Canada</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese-American_Chemical_Society" title="Chinese-American Chemical Society">Chinese-American Chemical Society</a> (1981)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia and Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Society_of_Japan" title="Chemical Society of Japan">Chemical Society of Japan</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Chemical_Institute" title="Royal Australian Chemical Institute">Royal Australian Chemical Institute</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Chemical_Society" title="Indian Chemical Society">Indian Chemical Society</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Institute_of_Chemistry" title="New Zealand Institute of Chemistry">New Zealand Institute of Chemistry</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Chemical_Society" title="Korean Chemical Society">Korean Chemical Society</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Society_of_Pakistan" title="Chemical Society of Pakistan">Chemical Society of Pakistan</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Institute_of_Chemists_PNG" title="The Institute of Chemists PNG">The Institute of Chemists PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iranian_Chemists_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iranian Chemists Association (page does not exist)">Iranian Chemists Association</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Chemical_Society_(Beijing)" title="Chinese Chemical Society (Beijing)">Chinese Chemical Society (Beijing)</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Chemical_Society_(Taipei)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Chemical Society (Taipei)">Chinese Chemical Society (Taipei)</a> (1932)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Society_of_Nigeria" title="Chemical Society of Nigeria">Chemical Society of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Africa_Chemistry_Network" title="Pan Africa Chemistry Network">Pan Africa Chemistry Network</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thematic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_Society" title="Electrochemical Society">Electrochemical Society</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Cosmetic_Chemists" title="Society of Cosmetic Chemists">Society of Cosmetic Chemists</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Polymer_Science" title="Society of Polymer Science">Society of Polymer Science</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Biological_Inorganic_Chemistry" title="Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry">Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Mass_Spectrometry" title="American Society for Mass Spectrometry">American Society for Mass Spectrometry</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Mass_Spectrometry_Society" title="British Mass Spectrometry Society">British Mass Spectrometry Society</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Society_for_Mass_Spectrometry" title="Canadian Society for Mass Spectrometry">Canadian Society for Mass Spectrometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Mass_Spectrometry_Foundation" title="International Mass Spectrometry Foundation">International Mass Spectrometry Foundation</a> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Chemical_Society_journals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_Chemical_Society_Journals" title="Template:American Chemical Society Journals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_Chemical_Society_Journals" title="Template talk:American Chemical Society Journals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_Chemical_Society_Journals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American Chemical Society Journals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_Chemical_Society_journals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">American Chemical Society</a> journals</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounts_of_Chemical_Research" title="Accounts of Chemical Research">Accounts of Chemical Research</a></li> <li>Accounts of Materials Research</li> <li>ACS Agricultural Science & Technology</li> <li>ACS Applied Bio Materials</li> <li>ACS Applied Electronic Materials</li> <li>ACS Applied Energy Materials</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Applied_Materials_%26_Interfaces" title="ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces">ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces</a></li> <li>ACS Applied Nano Materials</li> <li>ACS Applied Polymer Materials</li> <li>ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Catalysis" title="ACS Catalysis">ACS Catalysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Central_Science" title="ACS Central Science">ACS Central Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Chemical_Biology" title="ACS Chemical Biology">ACS Chemical Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Chemical_Neuroscience" title="ACS Chemical Neuroscience">ACS Chemical Neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Combinatorial_Science" title="ACS Combinatorial Science">ACS Combinatorial Science</a></li> <li>ACS Earth and Space Chemistry</li> <li>ACS Energy Letters</li> <li>ACS Infectious Diseases</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Macro_Letters" title="ACS Macro Letters">ACS Macro Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Medicinal_Chemistry_Letters" title="ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters">ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Nano" title="ACS Nano">ACS Nano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Omega" title="ACS Omega">ACS Omega</a></li> <li>ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Photonics" title="ACS Photonics">ACS Photonics</a></li> <li>ACS Sensors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Sustainable_Chemistry_%26_Engineering" title="ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering">ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Synthetic_Biology" title="ACS Synthetic Biology">ACS Synthetic Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_Chemistry_(journal)" title="Analytical Chemistry (journal)">Analytical Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biochemistry_(journal)" title="Biochemistry (journal)">Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioconjugate_Chemistry" title="Bioconjugate Chemistry">Bioconjugate Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomacromolecules" title="Biomacromolecules">Biomacromolecules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_for_the_History_of_Chemistry" title="Bulletin for the History of Chemistry">Bulletin for the History of Chemistry</a></li> <li>Biotechnology Progress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Research_in_Toxicology" title="Chemical Research in Toxicology">Chemical Research in Toxicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_Reviews" title="Chemical Reviews">Chemical Reviews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemistry_of_Materials" title="Chemistry of Materials">Chemistry of Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Growth_%26_Design" title="Crystal Growth & Design">Crystal Growth & Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_%26_Fuels" title="Energy & Fuels">Energy & Fuels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science_%26_Technology" title="Environmental Science & Technology">Environmental Science & Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Science_%26_Technology_Letters" title="Environmental Science & Technology Letters">Environmental Science & Technology Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_%26_Engineering_Chemistry_Research" title="Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research">Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inorganic_Chemistry_(journal)" title="Inorganic Chemistry (journal)">Inorganic Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Agricultural_and_Food_Chemistry" title="Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" title="Journal of the American Chemical Society">Journal of the American Chemical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_Education" title="Journal of Chemical Education">Journal of Chemical Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_%26_Engineering_Data" title="Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data">Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_Information_and_Modeling" title="Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling">Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Chemical_Theory_and_Computation" title="Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation">Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Medicinal_Chemistry" title="Journal of Medicinal Chemistry">Journal of Medicinal Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Natural_Products" title="Journal of Natural Products">Journal of Natural Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Organic_Chemistry" title="The Journal of Organic Chemistry">Journal of Organic Chemistry</a></li> <li>Journal of Physical Chemistry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Physical_Chemistry_A" title="The Journal of Physical Chemistry A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Physical_Chemistry_B" title="The Journal of Physical Chemistry B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Physical_Chemistry_C" title="The Journal of Physical Chemistry C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Physical_Chemistry_Letters" title="The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters">Letters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Proteome_Research" title="Journal of Proteome Research">Journal of Proteome Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langmuir_(journal)" title="Langmuir (journal)">Langmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macromolecules_(journal)" title="Macromolecules (journal)">Macromolecules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_Pharmaceutics" title="Molecular Pharmaceutics">Molecular Pharmaceutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nano_Letters" title="Nano Letters">Nano Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Letters" title="Organic Letters">Organic Letters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Process_Research_%26_Development" title="Organic Process Research & Development">Organic Process Research & Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organometallics" title="Organometallics">Organometallics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Au journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>ACS Engineering Au</li> <li>ACS Environmental Au</li> <li>ACS Materials Au</li> <li>ACS Measurement Science Au</li> <li>ACS Nanoscience Au</li> <li>ACS Organic & Inorganic Au</li> <li>ACS Physical Chem Au</li> <li>ACS Polymers Au</li> <li>ACS Bio & Med Chem Au</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247556#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247556#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247556#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109440166">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/143644441">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/853-9">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78088941">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12183985p">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12183985p">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00333741">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35004648">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2002148933&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX134055">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90054549">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000060295&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000318312&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB201904777">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257764905171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058528997806706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00350159?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030423414">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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